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The application provides a vortex optical fiber probe, a preparation method, a scanning probe and a micro-nano manipulation system. The vortex optical fiber probe comprises: an optical fiber, the optical fiber is subjected to a tapering treatment to form a base and a transition zone connected with the base; and a micro-nano structure located at one end of the transition zone, the micro-nano structure comprises a spiral phase plate and a needle tip at the end of the micro-nano structure, and the spiral phase plate and the needle tip are both prepared by 3D printing, wherein the cross-sectional diameter of the end is between 100 nm and 10 μm. The vortex optical fiber probe, the preparation method, the scanning probe and the micro-nano manipulation system can realize optical and mechanical detection on a micro-particle sample through a probe prepared based on a general optical fiber and 3D printing, the probe preparation process is simple, the cost is low, and the universality is strong.