The invention discloses aperture-controllable bacterial cellulose porous microspheres and a preparing method for the aperture-controllable bacterial cellulose porous microspheres. Bacterial cellulose is taken and dissolved in a solvent, a bacterial cellulose solution is obtained, template particles with different particle sizes are added in the bacterial cellulose solution, the mixture is put in an ultrasonic dispersing machine, the particles are evenly dispersed through ultrasonic treatment, and a dispersed solution is obtained; the dispersed solution and a surfactant are poured into an organic solvent for homogeneous emulsification, a w/o type bacterial cellulose emulsion is obtained, a precipitating agent is added in the bacterial cellulose emulsion and stirred, and microsphere suspension liquid is obtained; the microsphere suspension liquid is subjected to vacuum filtration, precipitate is collected and washed with n-butyl alcohol, acetone and acetone three times in sequence, the washed precipitate is then extracted with ethyl alcohol, precipitate is collected and subjected to frozen drying, and the aperture-controllable bacterial cellulose porous microspheres are obtained. The method has the advantages of being low in cost, simple in process, capable of facilitating industrialized production and the like, the stability and repeatability are good, the aperture of the bacterial cellulose porous microspheres ranges from 200 nanometers to 50 micrometers, and the bacterial cellulose porous microspheres are suitable for mass production.