The invention provides a supporting structure for a tunnel without arch support passing through a broken section of an arch crown and a construction method of the supporting structure. The method comprises the following steps that a danger elimination step is carried out, specifically, danger elimination is carried out by adopting a mode of combining machinery with manual work, and a first grout stopping layer is initially sprayed on bare surrounding rock; the construction step of temporary arch frame in the broken zone is carried out, specifically, a plurality of arch supports are arranged in the extending direction of the tunnel at intervals, reinforcing meshes are laid on the back faces of the arch supports, and second grout stopping layers are sprayed and hung on the arch supports and the reinforcing meshes; the reinforcement step is carried out, specifically, a plurality of hollow grouting anchor rods are arranged at intervals in the radial direction of the tunnel, and a plurality of advanced small guide pipes are arranged at intervals within the 120-degree range of the excavation contour line of the tunnel; grouting is carried out on the hollow grouting anchor rods and the advanced small guide pipes; a tunnel excavation step is carried out, specifically, after grouting is carried out for 8 hours, the grade of the surrounding rock is reduced, and tunneling construction is carried out; and a second lining construction step is carried out, specifically, when a second lining is constructed before the temporary arch frame, the arch supports are dismantled, and second lining construction of the broken zone is carried out. The method can be applied to the construction of the tunnel without the arch support penetrating through the broken section of the arch crown, and the safety coefficient of the construction process is high.