The invention discloses a reservoir bank water level change and slope angle variable landslide model test device and method under an earthquake and rainfall coupling effect, and belongs to the field of slope engineering landslide disaster tests. The device comprises a model box, a rainfall system, an electric lifting system and a deformation monitoring system. The model box comprises a bottom plate, front, back, left and right side plates and an internal permeable plate. The rainfall system comprises a water storage tank, a water pump, a water supply main pipe, an electronic control main valve, a flowmeter, a nozzle, a rainfall system bracket and a jack. The electric lifting system comprises a servo motor, a bearing and a belt. The deformation monitoring system comprises a three-dimensional laser scanner. The method comprises: jacking the rainfall system support to a proper height, filling the model box with soil, then lifting the model box to a designated angle, simulating the rainfall working condition, starting the vibration table, and monitoring slope deformation through the three-dimensional laser scanner in the testing process. Simulation of various rainfall working conditions is achieved, the landslide model is adjusted at any angle, and landslide tests with different inclination angles are achieved.