Potato harvester traction resistance test device and test method

Abstract

The present invention provides a traction resistance test device and a test method for a potato harvester, which are convenient to hang and adjust and have a wide range of adaptability. The test device includes a mechanical unit and a control unit, the mechanical unit includes a suspension mechanism and a traction mechanism, the traction mechanism includes a traction seat and a tension and compression sensor mounting body, the tension and compression sensor mounting body includes a sensor mounting plate I and a sensor mounting plate II, the two ends of the tension and compression sensor are respectively arranged on a sensor support I and a sensor support II, and the sensor support I is connected to the traction seat as a whole; the control unit includes a vehicle-mounted control system, a wireless communication unit and a monitoring terminal, the vehicle-mounted control system includes a controller, the controller is connected to the tension and compression sensor, the monitoring terminal inputs the harvester working parameters and various control instructions, and sends instructions through the wireless communication unit, the controller receives the instructions and converts them into analog control signals, collects the measurement data of the tension sensor, and uploads them to the monitoring terminal through the wireless communication unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a traction resistance testing device for a potato harvester, which is installed on a corresponding potato harvester and is used for measuring the traction resistance of the potato harvester and a testing method, and belongs to the field of agricultural machinery. Background Art

[0002] China is the world's largest potato producer, with the largest planting area and output in the world. With the continuous improvement of agricultural mechanization, the demand for potato harvesting machinery is increasing. However, most of the existing potato harvesting machines use fixed digging shovels, which have too much traction resistance and traction power consumption. Small and medium-sized operating units often show insufficient traction and traction power. Therefore, conducting research on drag reduction and consumption reduction during potato digging and harvesting, and exploring effective ways and methods to reduce drag and consumption during potato harvesting are of great significance for improving the level of mechanized potato harvesting and machine harvesting efficiency in my country, reducing operating costs and operating energy consumption, reducing farmers' labor intensity, and increasing farmers' income.

[0003] In recent years, there have been some studies on the traction resistance test device of potato harvesters in China. Yu Yan and others from the School of Engineering of Shenyang Agricultural University developed a dynamic parameter test system for agricultural machinery soil troughs, and realized the real-time test of the forward resistance of the digging shovel, but did not conduct a mechanical analysis of the force of the digging shovel. Li Xiang and others from Inner Mongolia Agricultural University took the fixed triangular plane digging shovel as the research object, designed a potato digging resistance test device, conducted field tests, analyzed the influence of the digging shovel face angle, blade angle and forward speed on the traction resistance, and used the traction resistance as an optimization index to obtain a better parameter combination. Wu Haiping from Shanxi Agricultural University took the 4S-80 vibrating potato digger as the research object. In order to explore the actual resistance reduction effect of the vibrating shovel screen, he used test equipment such as the ZZLB-1 mechanical self-recording tension meter and the DCR-TRV75E camera, designed a dynamic test device, and conducted traction resistance tests under several different operating conditions.

[0004] The above-mentioned test devices have either not been tested in a real working environment, and the data results are unreliable; or the adjustment is not convenient, and the adjustment effect is not ideal, and it is difficult to adapt to the use requirements of different regions and different potato varieties; or the structure is complex and the cost is high, and it only remains in the research and exploration stage, and the promotion value is not high. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing potato harvester traction resistance testing device, the present invention provides a potato harvester traction resistance testing device and a testing method, which are easy to hang and adjust, have a wide range of adaptability, a compact structure, low cost, and reliable operation.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A potato harvester traction resistance test device comprises a mechanical unit and a control unit. The mechanical unit comprises a suspension mechanism and a traction mechanism. The suspension mechanism is connected to a three-point suspension system of a tractor. The traction mechanism comprises a traction seat and a tension and compression sensor mounting body. The tension and compression sensor mounting body comprises a sensor mounting plate I and a sensor mounting plate II. The sensor mounting plate I is arranged on a sensor support I, and the sensor mounting plate II is arranged on a sensor support II. Both ends of the tension and compression sensor are arranged on the sensor support I and the sensor support II, respectively. The sensor support I is connected to the traction seat as a whole. Both the sensor support I and the sensor support II are U-shaped structures with an opening facing outward, and the opening directions of the sensor support I and the sensor support II are arranged oppositely. The control unit comprises an on-board control system, a wireless communication unit and a monitoring terminal. The on-board control system comprises a controller. The controller is connected to the tension and compression sensor. The monitoring terminal inputs harvester working parameters and various control instructions, and issues instructions through the wireless communication unit. The controller receives the instructions and converts them into analog control signals, collects measurement data of the tension sensor, and uploads them to the monitoring terminal through the wireless communication unit.

[0008] Based on the above-mentioned potato harvester traction resistance testing device, the traction seat includes a machine connection part connected to the harvester and a sensor connection part connected to the tension and compression sensor mounting body, and the sensor connection part is arranged to be tilted downward relative to the machine connection part.

[0009] Based on the above-mentioned potato harvester traction resistance testing device, the machine connecting part is connected to the harvester through the pin shaft I, and the sensor connecting part is connected to the sensor mounting plate I as a whole through the upper connecting plate, the lower connecting plate and the pin shaft III.

[0010] Based on the above-mentioned potato harvester traction resistance testing device, the suspension mechanism includes a transverse bracket and two side brackets. The transverse bracket and the side bracket form a triangular structure. The three vertices of the triangular structure are respectively provided with an upper suspension pin connecting plate and a lower suspension pin connecting seat. A sensor mounting plate II is provided on the transverse bracket.

[0011] On the basis of the above-mentioned potato harvester traction resistance testing device, the suspension mechanism is hung on the rear three-point suspension device of the tractor through the upper suspension pin passing through the upper suspension pin connecting plate and the lower suspension pin passing through the suspension pin connecting seat.

[0012] On the basis of the above-mentioned potato harvester traction resistance testing device, a quick-hook suspension support connecting plate and a suspension support reinforcing plate are arranged between the suspension mechanism and the traction seat through a hook pin.

[0013] Based on the above-mentioned potato harvester traction resistance testing device, the sensor mounting plate II is connected to the cross bracket as a whole via the left connecting plate, the right connecting plate and the pin shaft II.

[0014] Based on the above-mentioned potato harvester traction resistance testing device, the tension and compression sensor is an S-shaped sensor.

[0015] Based on the above-mentioned potato harvester traction resistance testing device, the controller is an MSP430 series single-chip microcomputer, the input end of the MSP430 series single-chip microcomputer is connected to the tension sensor, the MSP430 series single-chip microcomputer communicates with the wireless communication unit through the RS232 protocol, and the wireless communication unit communicates with the monitoring terminal through the 433 module.

[0016] A testing method using the traction resistance testing device for a potato harvester is disclosed. The traction force of the tractor acts on the tension and compression sensor of the tension and compression sensor installation body through a suspension mechanism. An operator inputs a traction resistance test instruction through a monitoring terminal. The instruction is sent through a 433 module. A controller in a vehicle control system receives the control instruction, drives the tension and compression sensor to collect measurement data and uploads it to the controller, and then uploads it to the monitoring terminal through the 433 module. The measurement data is displayed and stored in real time in a dynamic curve format to obtain traction resistance 1. At the same time, the controller obtains traction resistance 2 according to an algorithm and also uploads it to the monitoring terminal. The controller compares traction resistance 1 and traction resistance 2 in real time. If the difference exceeds a specified value, the monitoring terminal will alarm.

[0017] Based on the test method of the above-mentioned potato harvester traction resistance test device, the calculation method of traction resistance 2 is as follows:

[0018] (1) , where F is the traction resistance of the harvester, α is the inclination angle of the shovel surface, N0 is the normal load of the soil acting on the excavation shovel surface, Ff is the adhesion of the soil to the shovel surface, and Fa is the friction force of the soil on the shovel surface. , μ1 is the friction coefficient between soil and digging shovel, Ca is the soil adhesion coefficient, and F0 is the digging shovel area;

[0019] (2) Taking soil as the research object, we analyze its horizontal and vertical forces and solve them together with the above equation. After sorting, we can get:

[0020]

[0021] In the formula, C is the soil cohesion factor, μ is the soil internal friction factor, β is the inclination angle of the front failure surface, Z is the calculation coefficient, G is the soil gravity on the shovel surface, , F1 is the soil shear area, , B is the acceleration force of soil moving along the shovel surface, , where γ is the bulk density of soil, L1 is the distance of soil extending along the tip of the shovel, L2 is the distance of soil extending along the tail of the shovel, L0 is the distance from the tip of the shovel to the tail of the shovel, d1 is the soil thickness, d is the excavation depth, and h is the inclination height of the shovel face.

[0022] The advantages of the present invention are:

[0023] The present invention can be quickly debugged and installed according to the operating conditions, and can be conveniently mounted on a single-row or double-row potato harvester. It has a compact structure and low cost, and can obtain traction resistance data in real time and store and analyze it, thereby reducing operating costs and energy consumption, and alleviating the labor intensity of farmers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The accompanying drawings are used to provide further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. They are used to explain the present invention together with the embodiments of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the resistance state of the traction device test;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the traction device in harvesting operation and transportation state;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the suspension mechanism structure;

[0028] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tension and compression sensor installation body;

[0029] Figure 5 It is the structural block diagram of the control unit;

[0030] Among them, 1. Pin shaft I, 2. Traction seat, 3. Sensor mounting plate I, 4. Sensor support I, 5. Tension and compression sensor, 6. Sensor support II, 7. Pin shaft II, 8. Upper suspension pin, 9. Suspension mechanism, 10. Lower suspension pin, 11. Hooking pin, 12. Sensor mounting plate II, 13. Pin shaft III, 14. Suspension support connecting plate, 15. Suspension support reinforcement plate, 16. Upper suspension pin connecting plate, 17. Lower suspension pin connecting seat, 18. Side bracket, 19. Tension and compression sensor mounting body, 20. Machine connecting part, 21. Sensor connecting part, 22. Upper connecting plate, 23. Lower connecting plate, 24. Right connecting plate, 25. Left connecting plate, 26. Horizontal bracket. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0032] A potato harvester traction resistance testing device comprises a mechanical unit and a control unit, wherein the mechanical unit comprises a suspension mechanism and a traction mechanism, wherein the suspension mechanism is connected to a three-point suspension system of a tractor via an upper suspension pin 8 passing through an upper suspension pin connecting plate 16 and a lower suspension pin 10 passing through a suspension pin connecting seat 17, wherein the traction mechanism comprises a traction seat 2 and a tension and compression sensor mounting body 19, wherein the tension and compression sensor mounting body comprises a sensor mounting plate Ⅰ3 and a sensor mounting plate Ⅱ12, wherein the sensor mounting plate Ⅰ3 is arranged on a sensor support Ⅰ4, wherein the sensor mounting plate Ⅱ12 is arranged on a sensor support Ⅱ6, wherein both ends of a tension and compression sensor 5 are respectively arranged on the sensor support Ⅰ4 and the sensor support Ⅱ6, wherein the sensor support Ⅰ4 is connected to the traction seat 2 as a whole, and the sensor support Ⅰ 4 and sensor support II 6 are both U-shaped structures with openings facing outward, and the opening directions of sensor support I4 and sensor support II 6 are arranged relatively to each other; the control unit includes a vehicle-mounted control system, a wireless communication unit and a monitoring terminal, the vehicle-mounted control system includes a controller, the controller is connected to the tension and compression sensor 5, the monitoring terminal inputs the harvester working parameters and various control instructions, and sends instructions through the wireless communication unit, the controller receives the instructions and converts them into analog control signals, collects the measurement data of the tension sensor, and uploads them to the monitoring terminal through the wireless communication unit, displays and stores the measurement data in the form of dynamic curves, and the monitoring terminal also has a data export function to facilitate data analysis. When the system is abnormal, an alarm signal will be issued through a buzzer connected to the controller.

[0033] The traction seat 2 includes a machine connection part 20 connected to the harvester and a sensor connection part 21 connected to the tension and compression sensor mounting body. The sensor connection part 21 is tilted downward relative to the machine connection part 20 to ensure that the traction seat 2 and the transmission shaft do not interfere with each other during operation. The machine connection part 20 is connected to the harvester through the pin shaft I1, and the sensor connection part 21 is connected to the sensor mounting plate I3 through the upper connecting plate 22, the lower connecting plate 23 and the pin shaft III13. Figure 2 When the potato harvester is in the harvesting and transportation state, its resistance test function can be shielded. In order to improve its field turning performance and increase its ground clearance, and strengthen the overall strength of the traction mechanism, a quick-hook suspension support connecting plate 14 and a suspension support reinforcing plate 15 are set between the suspension mechanism 9 and the traction seat 2 through the hook pin 11. When the pin shaft III 13 is pulled out, the tension and compression sensor 5 of the tension and compression sensor installation body 19 is guaranteed to be in a stress-free state.

[0034] The sensor mounting plate II 12 is connected to the cross bracket 26 via the left connecting plate 25, the right connecting plate 24 and the pin II 7 as a whole.

[0035] The suspension mechanism includes a cross bracket 26 and two side brackets 18. The cross bracket 26 and the side bracket 18 form a triangular structure. The three vertices of the triangular structure are respectively provided with an upper suspension pin connecting plate 16 and a lower suspension pin connecting seat 17. The suspension mechanism is connected to the upper suspension point of the tractor through the upper suspension pin 8. The upper suspension pin connecting plate 16 has two pairs of upper and lower connecting holes, which can be selected and installed according to the different upper suspension sizes of the tractor to increase its adaptability. The suspension mechanism is connected to the lower suspension point of the tractor through the lower suspension pin 10. The lower suspension pin connecting seat 17 has two pairs of upper and lower connecting holes, which can be selected and installed according to the different lower suspension sizes of the tractor to improve installation adaptability.

[0036] A sensor mounting plate II 12 is installed in the middle of the suspension mechanism, and the sensor mounting plate II 12 can rotate around its mounting axis to ensure that the tension and compression sensor mounting mechanism 19 can measure force accurately and without interference when the ground fluctuates.

[0037] The tension and compression sensor 5 is an S-shaped sensor.

[0038] The controller is an MSP430 series single-chip microcomputer, the input end of the MSP430 series single-chip microcomputer is connected to the tension sensor, the MSP430 series single-chip microcomputer communicates with the wireless communication unit through the RS232 protocol, and the wireless communication unit communicates with the monitoring terminal through the 433 module.

[0039] A testing method using the traction resistance testing device for a potato harvester is disclosed. The traction force of the tractor acts on the tension and compression sensor of the tension and compression sensor installation body through a suspension mechanism. An operator inputs a traction resistance test instruction through a monitoring terminal. The instruction is sent through a 433 module. A controller in a vehicle control system receives the control instruction, drives the tension and compression sensor to collect measurement data and uploads it to the controller, and then uploads it to the monitoring terminal through the 433 module. The measurement data is displayed and stored in real time in a dynamic curve format to obtain traction resistance 1. At the same time, the controller obtains traction resistance 2 according to an algorithm and also uploads it to the monitoring terminal. The controller compares traction resistance 1 and traction resistance 2 in real time. If the difference exceeds a specified value, the monitoring terminal will alarm.

[0040] The calculation method of traction resistance II is as follows:

[0041] (1) , where F is the traction resistance of the harvester, α is the inclination angle of the shovel surface, N0 is the normal load of the soil acting on the excavation shovel surface, Ff is the adhesion of the soil to the shovel surface, and Fa is the friction force of the soil on the shovel surface. , μ1 is the friction coefficient between soil and digging shovel, Ca is the soil adhesion coefficient, and F0 is the digging shovel area;

[0042] (2) Taking soil as the research object, we analyze its horizontal and vertical forces and solve them together with the above equation. After sorting, we can get:

[0043]

[0044] In the formula, C is the soil cohesion factor, μ is the soil internal friction factor, β is the inclination angle of the front failure surface, Z is the calculation coefficient, G is the soil gravity on the shovel surface, , F1 is the soil shear area, , B is the acceleration force of soil moving along the shovel surface, , where γ is the bulk density of soil, L1 is the distance of soil extending along the tip of the shovel, L2 is the distance of soil extending along the tail of the shovel, L0 is the distance from the tip of the shovel to the tail of the shovel, d1 is the soil thickness, d is the excavation depth, and h is the inclination height of the shovel face.

[0045] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A potato harvester traction resistance testing device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a mechanical unit and a control unit. The mechanical unit comprises a suspension mechanism and a traction mechanism. The suspension mechanism is connected to a three-point suspension system of a tractor. The traction mechanism comprises a traction seat and a tension and compression sensor mounting body. The tension and compression sensor mounting body comprises a sensor mounting plate I (3) and a sensor mounting plate II (12). The sensor mounting plate I (3) is arranged on a sensor support I (4). The sensor mounting plate II (12) is arranged on a sensor support II (6). Two ends of the tension and compression sensor (5) are respectively arranged on the sensor support I (4) and the sensor support II (6). The sensor support I (4) is connected to the traction seat (2). The sensor support I (4) and the sensor support II (6) are connected as one body, both of which are U-shaped structures with openings facing outwards, and the openings of the sensor support I (4) and the sensor support II (6) are arranged in opposite directions; the control unit comprises an on-board control system, a wireless communication unit and a monitoring terminal, the on-board control system comprises a controller, the controller is connected to the tension and compression sensor (5), the monitoring terminal inputs the harvester working parameters and various control instructions, and sends instructions through the wireless communication unit, the controller receives the instructions and converts them into analog control signals, collects the measurement data of the tension sensor, and uploads them to the monitoring terminal through the wireless communication unit; The suspension mechanism comprises a transverse bracket (26) and two side brackets (18), wherein the transverse bracket (26) and the side brackets (18) form a triangular structure, wherein an upper suspension pin connecting plate (16) and a lower suspension pin connecting seat (17) are respectively arranged at three vertices of the triangular structure, and a sensor mounting plate II (12) is arranged on the transverse bracket (26); The suspension mechanism is connected to the rear three-point suspension device of the tractor via an upper suspension pin (8) passing through an upper suspension pin connecting plate (16) and a lower suspension pin (9) passing through a suspension pin connecting seat (17); A quick-hook suspension support connection plate (14) and a suspension support reinforcement plate (15) are arranged between the suspension mechanism and the traction seat (2) via a hook pin (11); The sensor mounting plate II (12) is connected to the horizontal bracket (26) via the left connecting plate (25), the right connecting plate (24) and the pin II (7) as a whole.

2. The potato harvester traction resistance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The traction seat (2) comprises a machine connection part (20) connected to the harvester and a sensor connection part (21) connected to a tension and compression sensor mounting body, wherein the sensor connection part (21) is arranged to be tilted downward relative to the machine connection part (20).

3. The potato harvester traction resistance testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The machine connection part (20) is connected to the harvester via the pin shaft I (1), and the sensor connection part (21) is connected to the sensor mounting plate I (3) via the upper connection plate (22), the lower connection plate (23) and the pin shaft III (13) as a whole.

4. The potato harvester traction resistance testing device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The tension and compression sensor (5) is an S-shaped sensor.

5. The potato harvester traction resistance testing device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The controller is an MSP430 series single-chip microcomputer, the input end of the MSP430 series single-chip microcomputer is connected to the tension sensor, the MSP430 series single-chip microcomputer communicates with the wireless communication unit through the RS232 protocol, and the wireless communication unit communicates with the monitoring terminal through the 433 module.

6. A testing method using the potato harvester traction resistance testing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The traction force of the tractor acts on the tension and compression sensor (5) of the tension and compression sensor installation body (19) through the suspension mechanism. The operator inputs a traction resistance test instruction through the monitoring terminal. The instruction is sent through the 433 module. The controller in the vehicle control system receives the control instruction, drives the tension and compression sensor (5) to collect measurement data and uploads it to the controller, and then uploads it to the monitoring terminal through the 433 module. The measurement data is displayed and stored in real time in the form of a dynamic curve to obtain a traction resistance 1. At the same time, the controller obtains a traction resistance 2 according to the algorithm and also uploads it to the monitoring terminal. The controller compares the traction resistance 1 and the traction resistance 2 in real time. If the difference exceeds a specified value, the monitoring terminal will alarm.

7. The testing method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The calculation method of traction resistance II is as follows: (1) F = N0sinα + F f cosα+F a cosα, where F is the traction resistance of the harvester, α is the inclination angle of the shovel face, N0 is the normal load of the soil acting on the excavation shovel face, F f is the adhesion of soil to the shovel surface, F a is the friction force of soil on the shovel surface, F f =μ1N0sinα, F a =C a F0, μ1 is the friction coefficient between soil and excavator, C a is the soil adhesion coefficient, F0 is the digging shovel area; (2) Taking soil as the research object, we analyze its horizontal and vertical forces and solve them together with the above equations. After sorting, we can get: In the formula, C is the soil cohesion factor, μ is the soil internal friction factor, β is the inclination angle of the front failure surface, Z is the calculation coefficient, G is the soil gravity on the shovel surface, , F1 is the soil shear area, , B is the acceleration force of soil moving along the shovel surface, , where γ is the bulk density of soil, L1 is the distance of soil extending along the tip of the shovel, L2 is the distance of soil extending along the tail of the shovel, L0 is the distance from the tip of the shovel to the tail of the shovel, d1 is the soil thickness, d is the excavation depth, and h is the inclination height of the shovel face.

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