A Demonstration Nuclear Magnetic Combination Model and Its Application

Abstract

The present invention provides a demonstration nuclear magnetic combination model, including a regular tetrahedron model and a positron ball located inside the regular tetrahedron, wherein the regular tetrahedron model is composed of six identical cylindrical magnetic rods, and four magnetic balls are arranged at the four vertices of the regular tetrahedron model; the positron ball is provided with four support shafts, and the other ends of the support shafts are respectively fixed at the four vertex slots of the regular tetrahedron model; the positron ball is also provided with a socket, the closed end of the socket points to a vertex of the regular tetrahedron, and the open end points to the center of the triangular face corresponding to the vertex; a connecting shaft is inserted in the socket, and the other end of the connecting shaft is connected to a negative electron ball. The present invention can reasonably deduce the phenomenon of most nuclear decay reactions to a certain extent, so as to improve people's understanding and memory of nuclear decay reactions and decay laws.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of physics teaching tools, in particular to a demonstration atomic nucleus magnetic combination model and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] In modern nuclear physics, the nuclear structures of different elements are still simply represented by spheres. When discussing protons and neutrons, since protons and neutrons are composed of quarks and gluons, and basic particles such as quarks, gluons and neutrinos are still under study, there are still many uncertainties, so it is difficult to explain clearly to people who are not majoring in physics. When discussing the decay reactions and decay laws of atomic nuclei, it is still mainly based on experimental statistical data laws. So far, there is no good proton and neutron model that can build an atomic nucleus and help people understand and remember the various decay reactions and decay laws of atomic nuclei.

[0003] Based on the above understanding, the inventors believe that it is necessary to construct a proton and neutron model that can be freely combined and has a certain adhesion to each other. Summary of the invention

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the inventors have constructed a three-in-one combination model of magnetic protons, neutrons and hydrogen atoms, and proposed an application method of the model in teaching demonstrations, which can reasonably deduce the phenomena of most nuclear decay reactions to a certain extent, so as to improve people's understanding and memory of nuclear decay reactions and decay laws.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following scheme:

[0006] According to the first aspect of the present invention, a demonstration nuclear magnetic combination model is proposed, comprising a regular tetrahedron model and a positron sphere located inside the regular tetrahedron, wherein the regular tetrahedron model is composed of six identical cylindrical magnetic rods, and four magnetic spheres are arranged at the four vertices of the regular tetrahedron model; four supporting shafts are arranged on the positron sphere, and the other ends of the supporting shafts are respectively fixed at the four vertex slots of the regular tetrahedron model; a socket is also arranged on the positron sphere, and the closed end of the socket points to a vertex of the regular tetrahedron, and the open end points to the center of the triangular face corresponding to the vertex; a connecting shaft is inserted into the socket, and the other end of the connecting shaft is connected to a negative electron ball.

[0007] Based on the physical phenomenon that free neutrons can decay into protons and negative electrons, and protons can decay into a positron and become neutrons, it can be considered that protons and neutrons have a common basic framework structure. Since all objects can form a spherical visual sense in the process of high-speed three-dimensional rotation, it is not necessary to limit the basic framework structure to a spherical shape. In the present invention, the basic framework structure is constructed into a regular tetrahedron structure. Negative electron balls with short axes are used to represent negative electrons in neutrons, and negative electron balls with long axes are used to represent negative electrons outside the hydrogen nucleus.

[0008] The present invention avoids the difficult concepts of quarks, gluons and neutrinos in modern physics, and only starts from the four basic concepts of protons, neutrons, positrons and electrons to construct a three-in-one combination model of magnetic protons, neutrons and hydrogen atoms.

[0009] Another aspect of the present invention provides the application of the above-mentioned demonstration nuclear magnetic combination model in teaching demonstration.

[0010] The beneficial effect of the present invention is that the present invention utilizes the property of like charges repelling and opposite charges attracting of magnetic force, and can demonstrate the transformation relationship between protons, neutrons and hydrogen atoms through simple plugging and unplugging actions. A number of proton and neutron models of the present invention can be combined into various complex nuclear models to demonstrate different combination structures of complex nuclear structures and their corresponding characteristics to people, and to reasonably demonstrate the nuclear decay reaction process and decay law to a certain extent, so as to improve people's understanding and memory of nuclear decay reactions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a proton model in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0012] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a neutron model in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0013] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a hydrogen atom model in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the process of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the process of use example 2 and use example 3 of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the process of Example 4 of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the process of Example 5 of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the process of Example 6 of the present invention.

[0019] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the process of Example 7 of the present invention.

[0020] The reference numerals are as follows:

[0021] 1. Magnetic rod; 2. Positron ball; 3. Support axis; 4. Magnetic ball; 5. Socket; 6. Long axis; 7. Short axis; 8. Negative electron ball. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments or use examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments or use examples described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, a demonstration nuclear magnetic combination model includes a regular tetrahedron model and a positron sphere 2 located inside the regular tetrahedron, wherein the regular tetrahedron model is composed of six identical cylindrical magnetic rods 1, and four magnetic balls 4 are arranged at the four vertices of the regular tetrahedron model; four supporting shafts 3 are arranged on the positron sphere 2, and the other ends of the supporting shafts 3 are respectively fixed at the four vertex slots of the regular tetrahedron model; a socket 5 is also arranged on the positron sphere 2, and the closed end of the socket 5 points to the north pole magnetic vertex of the regular tetrahedron, and the open end points to the center of the triangular face corresponding to the north pole magnetic vertex, and the three magnetic rods of the triangle form a magnetic closed loop; a connecting shaft (major axis 6 or minor axis 7) is inserted in the socket 5, and a negative electron ball 8 is connected to the other end of the connecting shaft.

[0024] In order to make the basic framework structure of the regular tetrahedron attract each other, six cylindrical magnetic rods 1 are used to construct the six edges of the regular tetrahedron; in order to make the three magnetic rods 1 constituting the four vertices of the regular tetrahedron form a regular triangular pyramid shape, a magnetic ball 4 is connected to each of the four vertices.

[0025] In order to facilitate people to judge the magnetism of the four vertices more intuitively, half of the six magnetic rods 1 are sprayed red to indicate the North Pole magnetism, and the other half are sprayed blue to indicate the South Pole magnetism. Two magnetic balls 4 fixed on the top of the two red and one blue magnetic rods 1 are sprayed red, and two magnetic balls 4 fixed on the top of the one red and two blue magnetic rods 1 are sprayed blue.

[0026] A red plastic ball is used to represent the positron in the proton and neutron structure. In order to fix the positron ball 2 in the center of the basic framework structure of the regular tetrahedron, four support shafts 3 are extended from the positron ball 2. Each support shaft 3 is just stuck in the regular triangular pyramid slot formed by three magnetic rods 1 of the regular tetrahedron to construct a proton model, such as Figure 1shown.

[0027] A socket 5 is opened on the positron ball 2 fixed in the regular tetrahedron frame structure, the closed end of the socket 5 points to the vertex of a red plastic ball, and the open end of the socket 5 points to the center of a magnetic closed triangle surface composed of three magnetic rods 1. The other end of the socket 5 is connected to the negative electron ball, which is painted blue. There are two specific ways to connect the negative electron ball:

[0028] A blue plastic ball is used to represent the negative electron in the neutron. A short axis 7 is extended from the negative electron ball 8, which can just be inserted into the socket 5 of the positron ball 2. The negative electron ball 8 is just slightly stuck on the triangular surface in visual sense, thus constructing a neutron model, such as Figure 2 shown.

[0029] A blue plastic ball is used to represent the negative electron outside the proton. A long axis 6 extends from the negative electron ball 8 and is inserted into the socket 5 of the positron ball 2. The negative electron ball 8 is visually far away from the regular tetrahedron framework structure to construct a hydrogen atom model, such as Figure 3 shown.

[0030] In order to make the fixed structure more stable, the junction of the regular tetrahedron structure and the positron ball 2 can be fixed with an adhesive, and a small amount of regular tetrahedron structure without positron ball 2 is prepared to represent the phenomenon that the proton releases a positron and decays into a neutron, so that people can play and study it for a long time. In the process of constructing the universal framework structure of protons, neutrons and hydrogen atoms, the inventor found that the regular tetrahedron framework structure composed of six magnetic rods 1 that can exist stably in the natural state has two isomeric isomers. These two isomeric isomers are mirror-symmetrical to each other, but the magnetism is completely opposite, and they can be completely face-to-face combined with each other without repulsion. On the contrary, two isomorphic regular tetrahedron framework structures cannot be completely face-to-face combined with each other, and there is always a certain repulsive force. The inventor named these two isomeric isomers as A-type vacant neutrons and B-type vacant neutrons, respectively, to show the similarity between the structure and the neutron, and at the same time to show that the difference between it and the neutron is the presence or absence of positive and negative electron pairs. Correspondingly, protons are divided into type A protons and type B protons, neutrons are divided into type A neutrons and type B neutrons, and hydrogen atoms are divided into type A hydrogen (protium) atoms and type B hydrogen (protium) atoms.

[0031] The above model is mainly used for demonstration in teaching, and the following examples are provided:

[0032] Example 1

[0033] Will Figure 1 The positron sphere 2 in the proton model is taken out, and the proton model is split into a magnetic tetrahedral structure model and a positron plastic model, such as Figure 4 .

[0034] This use case demonstrates possible proton decay reactions:

[0035] p→n+e++v

[0036] In the formula, p represents proton, n represents neutron, e+ represents positron, and v represents positron neutrino. Since the corresponding neutrinos are always produced during the β- and β+ nuclear decay reactions, it can be approximately considered that electrons and neutrinos are one and the same, so a positron model can be used to refer to both without seriously affecting the correctness of the demonstration results. In this way, the above proton decay reaction will be simplified to the following equation:

[0037] p→n+e+

[0038] In the model demonstration of this use case, the magnetic tetrahedron model without the positron spherical model is approximately regarded as equivalent to the neutron with the positron spherical model.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] Will Figure 2 Take out the negative electron ball 8 with short axis 7 on the neutron combination model, and split the neutron combination model into a proton model and a short axis negative electron model, such as Figure 5 .

[0041] This use case demonstrates the decay reaction of a free neutron:

[0042] n→p+e-

[0043] Use Case 3

[0044] Insert a negative electron sphere 8 with a short axis 7 into Figure 1 The proton combination model is inserted into the socket 5, and the center of the negative electron ball 8 is made to coincide with the center of the corresponding triangular face in the regular tetrahedron, forming Figure 2 The neutron model in Figure 5 The reverse effect.

[0045] This use case demonstrates the reverse reaction of the neutron decay reaction that occurs inside a star:

[0046] p+e-→n

[0047] Example 4

[0048] Insert a negative electron sphere 8 with a long axis 6 into Figure 1 In the jack 5 of the proton combination model, the protium atom model is combined, such as Figure 6 .

[0049] This example demonstrates the reaction of a proton capturing a free electron to form a protium atom:

[0050] p+e-→H1 (where H1 represents a protium atom)

[0051] Example 5

[0052] Take an A-type protium atomic model and a B-type protium atomic model, take out the negative electron ball 8 with the long axis 6 of the B-type protium atomic model, and replace it with a negative electron ball 8 with a short axis 7 to become a B-type neutron model, and then combine the two models together so that the negative electron ball 8 in the B-type neutron model is fixed in the binding plane of two regular tetrahedrons to become a deuterium atomic model, such as Figure 7 .

[0053] This example demonstrates the nuclear fusion reaction inside a star where two hydrogen atoms fuse into one deuterium atom:

[0054] 2H1→1H2 (where H1 represents a protium atom and H2 represents a deuterium atom)

[0055] Example 6

[0056] Take a deuterium atomic model and an A-type neutron model, combine the A-type neutron model with the deuterium atomic model, and fix the negative electron ball 8 on the neutron within the two regular tetrahedral binding surfaces to form a tritium atomic model, as shown in Figure 8 .

[0057] This use case demonstrates a nuclear fusion reaction that occurs when a high-energy neutron strikes a deuterium nucleus:

[0058] 2H2+n→1H3 (where H3 represents tritium atom)

[0059] Example 7

[0060] Pick Figure 8 In the tritium atomic model, one of the bonding surfaces is broken and replaced with another bonding surface, and the negative electron sphere 8 with a short axis 7 on the broken surface is replaced with a negative electron sphere 8 with a long axis 6, forming a helium 3 atomic model, such as Fig. 9 .

[0061] This example demonstrates the spontaneous decay of tritium atoms into helium-3 atoms:

[0062] H3→He3 (where He3 represents helium 3 atom)

[0063] The above descriptions are only a few embodiments or use examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A demonstration nuclear magnetic combination model, characterized in that: The invention comprises a regular tetrahedron model and a positron ball located inside the regular tetrahedron, wherein the regular tetrahedron model is composed of six identical cylindrical magnetic rods, and four magnetic balls are arranged at the four vertices of the regular tetrahedron model; four supporting shafts are arranged on the positron ball, and the other ends of the supporting shafts are respectively fixed at the four vertex slots of the regular tetrahedron model; a socket is also arranged on the positron ball, and the open end of the socket points to the center of a magnetic closed triangular surface composed of three magnetic rods; a connecting shaft is inserted into the socket, and the other end of the connecting shaft is connected to a negative electron ball; the two ends of the outer side of the magnetic rod are respectively sprayed with different colors to represent the north pole magnetism and the south pole magnetism, and the magnetic ball is sprayed with colors corresponding to the magnetic rod to represent the north pole magnetism and the south pole magnetism of the vertex of the regular tetrahedron, and the closed end of the socket points to a magnetic ball representing the north pole magnetism.

2. A demonstration nuclear magnetic combination model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting shaft includes a replaceable long shaft or short shaft.

3. The demonstration nuclear magnetic combination model according to claim 1, characterized in that: It is used to form a neutron model, in which a negative electron sphere and a positron sphere are connected by a short axis, and the negative electron sphere is located at the center of a magnetic closed triangle surface formed by three magnetic rods.

4. The demonstration nuclear magnetic combination model according to claim 1, characterized in that: Used to form a hydrogen atom model in which a negative electron sphere and a positive electron sphere are connected by a long axis.

5. The demonstration nuclear magnetic combination model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positron ball and the negative electron ball are both plastic balls.

6. The demonstration nuclear magnetic combination model according to claim 5, characterized in that: The positron ball is sprayed with a color representing the magnetic north pole, and the negative electron ball is sprayed with a color representing the magnetic south pole.

7. Application of a demonstration nuclear magnetic combination model as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 in teaching demonstration.

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