A bonding anchoring type pre-anchoring pressure-releasing hollow anchor rod and anchoring method

Abstract

A bonding anchor type pre-anchored pressure-yielding hollow anchor and anchoring method, which still has a good supporting effect under the condition of large deformation of the surrounding rock to ensure the stability of the tunnel, meet the problem of large deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock, and realize the rapid installation of the anchor, solve the technical problem of mixing and anchoring of the bonding anchor type pre-anchored hollow anchor. A constant resistance pressure-yielding mechanism is arranged at the rear of the hollow anchor rod body, and the constant resistance pressure-yielding mechanism includes an outer sleeve, a pressure-yielding cylinder and a pressure-yielding nut. The pressure-yielding cylinder is sleeved in the outer sleeve, and its distal and proximal ends have guide sections that slide with the annular inner wall of the outer sleeve, and the deformation section formed by radial inward contraction is between the distal and proximal guide sections. The distal end of the outer sleeve is a limit ring formed by radial inward contraction, and the rear of the hollow anchor rod body passes through the limit ring and the inner cavity of the pressure-yielding cylinder, and the pressure-yielding nut is threadedly connected with the hollow anchor rod body and acts on the inner wall of the transition section between the proximal guide section and the deformation section, and the end face of the distal guide section acts on the limit ring. The backing plate is sleeved on the outer sleeve, the nut is threadedly connected with the external thread section at the rear of the outer sleeve, and the front end surface of the nut acts on the backing plate surface.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of surrounding rock support for large deformation surrounding rock sections of tunnels and underground projects, in particular to a bonding anchoring type pre-anchoring type pressure-yielding hollow anchor rod and an anchoring method. The present invention relates to the technical field of surrounding rock support for large deformation surrounding rock sections of tunnels and underground projects, in particular to a bonding anchoring type pre-anchoring type pressure-yielding hollow anchor rod and an anchoring method. Background Art

[0002] The pre-anchored hollow anchor is a hollow anchor structure that is fully bonded and anchored in two steps: first, anchor the front end of the hollow anchor partially, then install the pad, nut and other accessories, and finally fill and grout the unanchored anchor hole. The bonded anchored pre-anchored hollow anchor generally uses a quick-setting roll anchor to quickly anchor the anchor and the anchor hole wall, so this type of hollow anchor support is very widely applicable, including various hard and soft rocks.

[0003] Since the cost of using resin anchoring agents is much more expensive than cement-based grouting materials, after a large number of engineering practices, the resin anchor support in coal tunnels has summarized the matching relationship between the diameters of the anchor rod body, anchor hole and resin roll to meet the requirements of advanced, fast, simple and economical resin anchor support technology. The installation of the pad and nut in coal tunnel resin anchor support is generally completed within 60 seconds, and a certain preload can be applied. However, tunnel anchor support requires the thickness of the bonding anchor material around the anchor to be at least 10mm, so the diameter of its anchor hole is generally larger than that of the coal tunnel; for cost considerations, it is impossible for the hollow anchor to be anchored with resin rolls throughout its length, so the bonding anchor type pre-anchor hollow anchor needs to design a resin anchoring scheme for the pre-anchor section.

[0004] One of the key processes in the construction of bonded anchor type pre-anchor hollow anchor support is how to deliver the rolled anchor to the bottom of the anchor hole. At present, there are three solutions. The first is to put the rolled anchor into the dedicated mechanism at the front end of the hollow anchor, and the hollow anchor delivers the rolled anchor to the bottom of the anchor hole; the second is to manually put the rolled anchor into the anchor hole, and the hollow anchor pushes the anchor to the bottom of the anchor hole; the third is to use special equipment high-pressure wind to deliver the rolled anchor to the bottom of the anchor hole. In any scheme of delivering the resin rolled anchor to the bottom of the anchor hole, the outer packaging of the anchor must not be damaged. Once the rolled anchor is delivered to the bottom of the anchor hole, the front end mechanism of the anchor can crush the rolled anchor by pushing and rotating the exposed end of the hollow anchor, thereby achieving the purpose of rapid anchoring. There is a specific solution for the first type of rolled anchor delivery and crushing anchoring scheme mentioned above, but the second and third types of rolled anchor delivery and crushing anchoring schemes still need to be solved.

[0005] The construction of railways in western mountainous areas such as the Sichuan-Tibet Railway and the Chengdu-Lanzhou Railway encountered a large number of high-ground stress tunnels, and the surrounding rock often showed large deformation characteristics, specifically large deformation of soft rock, large deformation of rock burst, and large deformation of impact. However, the existing anchor rods have low elongation and cannot adapt to the characteristics of large deformation of tunnel surrounding rocks. When the surrounding rock has large deformation, due to the large initial deformation energy, the deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock can exceed the range that the anchor rod can bear, which will cause the anchor rod and other support equipment to fail, and then cause accidents such as tunnel collapse. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a bonding anchor type pre-anchored pressure-yielding hollow anchor rod, which still has a good supporting effect under the condition of large deformation of the surrounding rock to ensure the stability of the tunnel, meet the problem of large deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock, and realize rapid installation of the anchor rod, solving the technical problem of mixing and anchoring of the bonding anchor type pre-anchored hollow anchor rod.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows:

[0008] The present invention discloses a bonding anchoring type pre-anchoring pressure-releasing hollow anchor rod, comprising a hollow anchor rod body and a pad and a nut arranged at the rear end thereof, and is characterized in that: a constant resistance pressure-releasing mechanism is arranged at the rear of the hollow anchor rod body, and the constant resistance pressure-releasing mechanism comprises an outer sleeve, a pressure-releasing cylinder and a pressure-releasing nut; the pressure-releasing cylinder is sleeved in the outer sleeve, and its distal and proximal ends have guide sections that slide with the annular inner wall of the outer sleeve, and a deformation section formed by radial contraction is between the distal and proximal guide sections; the distal end of the outer sleeve is a limiting ring formed by radial contraction, and the rear part of the hollow anchor rod body passes through the limiting ring and the inner cavity of the pressure-releasing cylinder, and the pressure-releasing nut It is threadedly connected to the hollow anchor rod body and acts on the inner wall of the transition section between the proximal guide section and the deformation section, and the end face of the distal guide section acts on the limit ring; the pad is mounted on the outer sleeve, the nut is threadedly connected to the external threaded section at the rear of the outer sleeve, and the front end face of the nut acts on the pad surface; a connector with a pressure plate and a slurry outlet hole structure is fixedly arranged on the hollow anchor rod body, the diameter of the pressure plate is adapted to the aperture of the anchor hole, and the hollow anchor rod body is divided into a front anchoring section from the pressure plate to the distal end, and a rear anchoring section from the pressure plate to the front distal end of the outer sleeve, and a stirring drill is fixedly arranged at the front end of the hollow anchor rod body.

[0009] Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for anchoring a bonding anchor type pre-anchor type pressure-releasing hollow anchor rod, the method comprising the following steps:

[0010] S01. Determine the system anchor point on the tunnel wall;

[0011] S02, using a trolley or drilling rig to drill and clean holes to form anchor holes;

[0012] S03, manually delivering the rolled anchor into the anchor hole, or delivering it into the anchor hole with high-pressure air;

[0013] S04, insert the stirring drill bit end of the hollow anchor rod body into the anchor hole, push the rolled anchor agent to the far end of the anchor hole, squeeze and rotate the near end of the hollow anchor rod body, so that the stirring drill bit breaks the rolled anchor agent, and form a rolled anchor agent anchoring section within 2 to 3 minutes;

[0014] S05. Insert the constant resistance pressure-releasing mechanism into the rear part of the hollow anchor rod body, push the distal end of its outer sleeve into the anchor hole, screw the pressure-releasing nut so that its front part contacts the inner wall of the proximal guide section and the deformation section transition section of the pressure-releasing cylinder, and install the pad and nut on the outer end of the outer sleeve;

[0015] S06, grouting the proximal end of the rear anchoring section connected to the grouting pipe, so that the slurry enters the rear anchoring section from the slurry outlet hole of the connector to form a cement-based grouting material anchoring section;

[0016] S07. Install a gasket and a nut at the proximal end of the outer sleeve, and install a protective sleeve.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are that the anchor rod can be quickly installed, and the processes of anchor rod insertion, stirring, and prestressing can be completed within 3 to 4 minutes, so that the anchor rod can be quickly anchored and installed and a certain prestress can be applied; the slurry outlet hole on the connector tube wall provides a channel for pouring cement-based grouting material into the anchor hole of the rear anchoring section, and the pressure plate can prevent the rolled anchoring agent from flowing into the rear anchoring section, and can also make the cement-based grouting material of the rear anchoring section bear pressure, thereby improving the bearing capacity of the anchor rod; a constant resistance pressure-relieving mechanism is arranged at the rear part of the hollow anchor rod body, and the hollow rod body and the constant resistance pressure-relieving mechanism are closely matched. When the axial tension of the hollow anchor rod body reaches When the set value is reached, the compression nut squeezes the deformation section of the compression cylinder to expand the inner diameter of the cylinder, so that the hollow rod body and the constant resistance compression mechanism can slide relative to the set displacement, that is, it automatically extends when the tunnel surrounding rock undergoes a large deformation, and maintains a constant working resistance to absorb the energy of the surrounding rock; by predicting the large deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock and setting the length of the constant resistance compression mechanism, it can be ensured that under the condition of large deformation of the surrounding rock, it still has a good supporting effect to ensure the stability of the tunnel; the anchoring construction method is simple, the single anchor rod has high construction efficiency, and the construction quality is guaranteed, thereby improving the construction efficiency and construction quality of the tunnel system anchor rods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] This specification includes the following eighteen drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a bonding anchoring type pre-anchoring pressure-releasing hollow anchor rod of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the connection mode of the front anchoring section and the rear anchoring section in a bonding anchoring type pre-anchoring pressure-yielding hollow anchor rod of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3It is a front view of a first embodiment of a mixing drill bit in a bonding anchoring type pre-anchoring pressure-releasing hollow anchor rod of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 It is a side view of Example 1 of a stirring drill bit in a bonding anchoring type pre-anchoring pressure-releasing hollow anchor rod of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional partial cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of a mixing drill bit in a bonding anchoring type pre-anchoring pressure-releasing hollow anchor rod of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of a constant resistance pressure-releasing mechanism in a bonding anchoring type pre-anchoring pressure-releasing hollow anchor rod of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 It is a longitudinal section of an outer sleeve of a constant resistance pressure-releasing mechanism in a bonding anchoring type pre-anchoring pressure-releasing hollow anchor rod of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8 It is a side view of the outer sleeve of the constant resistance pressure-releasing mechanism in a bonding anchoring type pre-anchoring pressure-releasing hollow anchor rod of the present invention;

[0027] Fig. 9 It is a longitudinal section view of a pressure-releasing cylinder of a constant resistance pressure-releasing mechanism in a bonding anchoring type pre-anchoring pressure-releasing hollow anchor rod of the present invention;

[0028] Fig.10 It is a front view of a pressure-releasing nut of a constant resistance pressure-releasing mechanism in a bonding anchoring type pre-anchor pressure-releasing hollow anchor rod of the present invention;

[0029] Fig.11 It is a side view of a pressure-releasing nut of a constant resistance pressure-releasing mechanism in a bonding anchoring type pre-anchor pressure-releasing hollow anchor rod of the present invention;

[0030] Fig.12 It is a front view of a middle pad of a bonding anchor type pre-anchor type pressure-releasing hollow anchor rod of the present invention;

[0031] Fig.13 It is a front view of a nut in a bonding anchoring type pre-anchoring type pressure-releasing hollow anchor rod of the present invention;

[0032] Fig.14 It is a side view of a nut in a bonding anchoring type pre-anchoring type pressure-releasing hollow anchor rod of the present invention;

[0033] Fig.15 It is a front view of a protective tube in a bonding anchoring type pre-anchoring type pressure-releasing hollow anchor rod of the present invention;

[0034] Fig.16 It is a side view of a protective tube in a bonding anchor type pre-anchor type pressure-releasing hollow anchor rod of the present invention;

[0035] Fig.17 It is a schematic diagram of the anchoring working state of a bonding anchoring type pre-anchoring type pressure-releasing hollow anchor rod of the present invention;

[0036] Fig.18 It is a schematic diagram of the pressure-releasing working state of a bonding anchoring type pre-anchoring pressure-releasing hollow anchor rod of the present invention.

[0037] The figure shows the names of main components and their corresponding marks: front anchoring section 11, rear anchoring section 12, connector 20, slurry outlet hole 21, pressure plate 22, intermediate sleeve 23, spot welding 30, stirring drill bit 40, cross drill bit 41, front sleeve 42, spiral drill bit 43, outer sleeve 50, limiting ring 51, external thread section 52, pressure cylinder 60, guide section 61, deformation section 62, pressure nut 70, gasket 80, nut 90, protective cylinder 100, anchor hole 110, tunnel wall 120, roll anchoring agent anchoring section L1, cement-based grouting material anchoring section L2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0039] Reference Figure 1 The present invention provides a bonding anchor type pre-anchor type pressure-releasing hollow anchor rod, which includes a hollow anchor rod body and a backing plate 80 and a nut 90 arranged at the rear end thereof. Figures 6 to 9 The rear part of the hollow anchor rod body is provided with a constant resistance pressure-releasing mechanism, which includes an outer sleeve 50, a pressure-releasing cylinder 60 and a pressure-releasing nut 70. The pressure-releasing cylinder 60 is sleeved in the outer sleeve 50, and its distal and proximal ends have guide sections 61 that are slidably matched with the annular inner wall of the outer sleeve 50, and between the distal and proximal guide sections 61 is a deformation section 62 formed by radial inward contraction; the distal end of the outer sleeve 50 is a limit ring 51 formed by radial inward contraction, and the rear part of the hollow anchor rod body passes through the limit ring 51 and the inner cavity of the pressure-releasing cylinder 60, and the pressure-releasing nut 70 is threadedly connected with the hollow anchor rod body and acts on the inner wall of the transition section between the proximal guide section 61 and the deformation section 62, and the end face of the distal guide section 61 acts on the limit ring 51. The pad 80 is sleeved on the outer sleeve 50, and the nut 90 is threadedly connected with the external thread section 52 at the rear of the outer sleeve 50, and the front end face of the nut 90 acts on the plate surface of the pad 80. A reasonable yield load is set, and the constant resistance yield mechanism realizes automatic extension of the anchor rod under the yield load condition by reasonably selecting the thickness and material ductility of the yield tube 60. When the tunnel surrounding rock undergoes large deformation, the hollow anchor rod body automatically extends by squeezing the deformation section 62 of the yield tube 60 by the yield nut 70 to expand the inner diameter of the tube, and maintains a constant working resistance to absorb the energy of the surrounding rock. By predicting the large deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock, the length of the constant resistance yield mechanism is set to ensure that it still has a good support effect under the condition of large deformation of the surrounding rock to ensure the stability of the tunnel.

[0040] Reference Figure 1 A connector 20 having a pressure plate 22 and a slurry outlet hole 21 is fixedly arranged on the hollow anchor rod body. The diameter of the pressure plate 22 is adapted to the aperture of the anchor hole 110. The hollow anchor rod body is divided into a front anchoring section 11 from the pressure plate 22 to the distal end and a rear anchoring section 12 from the pressure plate 22 to the distal end of the outer sleeve 50. A stirring drill bit 40 is fixedly arranged at the front end of the hollow anchor rod body.

[0041] After the anchor hole 110 is formed, the rolled anchor is manually delivered or delivered into the anchor hole 110 by high-pressure air of a special device, and then the hollow anchor rod body is inserted to push the rolled anchor to the bottom of the anchor hole 110, and then the pad 80 is installed in place, and the hollow anchor rod body is pushed inward and rotated, and the stirring drill bit 40 breaks up the outer bag of the rolled anchor, and the rolled anchor anchor section L1 is formed within 2 to 3 minutes. Thereafter, the constant resistance pressure-release mechanism is inserted into the rear part of the hollow anchor rod body, and the distal end of its outer sleeve 50 is pushed into the anchor hole 110, and the pressure-release nut 70 is screwed so that its front part contacts the inner wall of the proximal guide section 61 and the transition section of the deformation section 62 of the pressure-release cylinder 60, and the pad 80 and the nut 90 are installed at the outer end of the outer sleeve 50.

[0042] Reference Fig.10 and Fig.11 The front portion of the pressure nut 70 is spherical. Fig.17 and Fig.18 A protective tube 100 threadedly connected to the external thread section 52 is disposed at the rear of the outer sleeve 50 , and the front end of the protective tube 100 contacts the rear end surface of the nut 90 to shield the exposed section of the outer sleeve 50 .

[0043] Reference Figure 2 The hollow anchor rod body can be of an integral type, that is, the hollow anchor rod body is a full-length threaded tube, the connector 20 is arranged on the hollow anchor rod body by threaded connection, and is fixed to the hollow anchor rod body by spot welding 30, and the slurry outlet hole 21 is connected to the inner cavity of the rear anchoring section 12. Alternatively, the hollow anchor rod body is formed by docking the front anchoring section 11 and the rear anchoring section 12, the front anchoring section 11 and the rear anchoring section 12 are full-length threaded tubes, the front end of the connector 20 is threadedly connected to the rear end of the front anchoring section 11, the rear part of the connector 20 is threadedly connected to the front end of the rear anchoring section 12, and the slurry outlet hole 21 is connected to the inner cavity of the rear anchoring section 12. The upper pressure plate 22 of the connector 20 and the intermediate sleeve 23 are an integral structure, the inner wall of the intermediate sleeve 23 has an internal thread that matches the outer thread of the hollow anchor rod, and the two slurry outlet holes 21 are symmetrically arranged on the wall of the intermediate sleeve 23.

[0044] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 The cross-shaped drill bit 41 and the front sleeve 42 on the stirring drill bit 40 are integrally formed, and the front sleeve 42 is fixedly mounted on the front end of the front anchoring section 11 by threaded connection. Figure 5Alternatively, the stirring drill bit 40 is composed of a spiral drill bit 43 and a front sleeve 42, the spiral drill bit 43 is welded and fixed to the front end of the front sleeve 42, and the front sleeve 42 is fixedly installed at the front end of the front anchoring section 11 by threaded connection.

[0045] Reference Fig.17 and Fig.18 The present invention provides a bonding anchoring type pre-anchoring type pressure-releasing hollow anchor bolt anchoring method, comprising the following steps:

[0046] S01, determining the system anchor point position on the tunnel wall 120;

[0047] S02, drilling and cleaning holes using a trolley or a drilling rig to form anchor holes 110;

[0048] S03, manually delivering the rolled anchoring agent into the anchor hole 110, or delivering the rolled anchoring agent into the anchor hole 110 by high-pressure air;

[0049] S04, insert the end of the mixing drill bit 40 of the hollow anchor rod into the anchor hole 110, push the rolled anchor to the far end of the anchor hole 110, squeeze and rotate the near end of the hollow anchor rod to make the mixing drill bit 40 crush the rolled anchor, and form the rolled anchor anchor section L1 within 2 to 3 minutes;

[0050] S05, insert the constant resistance pressure-releasing mechanism into the rear part of the hollow anchor rod body, push the distal end of the outer sleeve 50 into the anchor hole 110, screw the pressure-releasing nut 70 so that its front part contacts the inner wall of the proximal guide section 61 and the transition section of the deformation section 62 of the pressure-releasing cylinder 60, and install the pad 80 and the nut 90 on the outer end of the outer sleeve 50;

[0051] S06, connect the grouting pipe to the proximal end of the rear anchoring section 12 for grouting, and the grouting liquid enters the rear anchoring section 12 from the grouting hole 21 of the connector 20 to form a cement-based grouting material anchoring section L2;

[0052] S07. Install the backing plate 80 and the nut 90 at the proximal end of the outer sleeve 50, and install the protective sleeve 100.

[0053] The anchoring construction method of the present invention is simple, the construction efficiency of a single anchor rod is high, and the construction quality is guaranteed, thereby improving the construction efficiency and construction quality of the anchor rods of the tunnel system.

[0054] The above description is only to illustrate some principles of the adhesive anchoring type pre-anchoring pressure-releasing hollow anchor rod and anchoring method of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention to the specific structure and applicable scope shown and described. Therefore, all corresponding modifications and equivalents that may be used are within the scope of the patent applied for by the present invention.

Claims

1. A bonding anchor type pre-anchor type pressure-releasing hollow anchor rod, comprising a hollow anchor rod body and a backing plate (80) and a nut (90) arranged at the rear end thereof, wherein: A constant resistance and pressure-releasing mechanism is arranged at the rear of the hollow anchor rod body, and the constant resistance and pressure-releasing mechanism comprises an outer sleeve (50), a pressure-releasing cylinder (60) and a pressure-releasing nut (70); the pressure-releasing cylinder (60) is sleeved in the outer sleeve (50), and its distal and proximal ends have guide sections (61) that are slidably matched with the annular inner wall of the outer sleeve (50), and a deformation section (62) formed by radial contraction is provided between the distal and proximal guide sections (61); the distal end of the outer sleeve (50) is a limit ring (51) formed by radial contraction, and the rear of the hollow anchor rod body passes through the limit ring (51) and the inner cavity of the pressure-releasing cylinder (60); the pressure-releasing nut (70) is threadedly connected to the hollow anchor rod body and acts on the inner wall of the transition section between the proximal guide section (61) and the deformation section (62). The end face of the distal guide section (61) acts on the limit ring (51); the pad (80) is sleeved on the outer sleeve (50), the nut (90) is threadedly connected to the external thread section (52) at the rear of the outer sleeve (50), and the front end face of the nut (90) acts on the plate surface of the pad (80); a connector (20) having a pressure plate (22) and a slurry outlet hole (21) structure is fixedly arranged on the hollow anchor rod body, the diameter of the pressure plate (22) is matched with the hole diameter of the anchor hole (110), and the hollow anchor rod body is divided into a front anchoring section (11) from the pressure plate (22) to the distal end, and a rear anchoring section (12) from the pressure plate (22) to the front distal end of the outer sleeve (50); and a stirring drill bit (40) is fixedly arranged at the front end of the hollow anchor rod body.

2. The bonding anchor type pre-anchor type pressure-releasing hollow anchor rod as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The front portion of the pressure nut (70) is spherical.

3. The bonding anchor type pre-anchor type pressure-releasing hollow anchor rod as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A protective tube (100) threadably connected to the external thread section (52) is disposed at the rear of the outer sleeve (50); the front end of the protective tube (100) contacts the rear end surface of the nut (90) to shield the exposed section of the outer sleeve (50).

4. The bonding anchor type pre-anchor type pressure-releasing hollow anchor rod as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The hollow anchor rod body is a full-length threaded tube, the connector (20) is arranged on the hollow anchor rod body through a threaded connection, the slurry outlet hole (21) is connected to the inner cavity of the rear anchoring section (12), and the connector is fixed to the hollow anchor rod body through spot welding (30).

5. The bonding anchor type pre-anchor type pressure-releasing hollow anchor rod as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The front anchoring section (11) and the rear anchoring section (12) are full-length threaded pipes; the front end of the connector (20) is threadedly connected to the rear end of the front anchoring section (11); the rear end of the connector (20) is threadedly connected to the front end of the rear anchoring section (12); and the slurry outlet hole (21) is in communication with the inner cavity of the rear anchoring section (12).

6. The bonding anchor type pre-anchor type pressure-releasing hollow anchor rod as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure bearing plate (22) on the connector (20) and the middle sleeve (23) are an integral structure; the inner wall of the middle sleeve (23) has an internal thread that matches the outer thread of the hollow anchor rod; and two slurry outlet holes (21) are symmetrically arranged on the wall of the middle sleeve (23).

7. The bonding anchor type pre-anchor type pressure-releasing hollow anchor rod as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-shaped drill bit (41) and the front sleeve (42) on the stirring drill bit (40) are integrally formed, and the front sleeve (42) is fixedly mounted on the front end of the front anchoring section (11) by means of a threaded connection; or, the stirring drill bit (40) is composed of a spiral drill bit (43) and a front sleeve (42), and the spiral drill bit (43) is welded and fixed to the front end of the front sleeve (42), and the front sleeve (42) is fixedly mounted on the front end of the front anchoring section (11) by means of a threaded connection.

8. An anchoring method using a bonding anchoring type pre-anchoring type pressure-releasing hollow anchor rod as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps: S01, determining the position of the system anchor rod on the tunnel wall (120); S02, drilling and cleaning holes using a trolley or a drilling machine to form anchor holes (110); S03, manually delivering the rolled anchoring agent into the anchor hole (110), or delivering the rolled anchoring agent into the anchor hole (110) by using high-pressure air; S04, inserting the end of the mixing drill bit (40) of the hollow anchor rod into the anchor hole (110), pushing the rolled anchor to the distal end of the anchor hole (110), squeezing and rotating the proximal end of the hollow anchor rod so that the mixing drill bit (40) crushes the rolled anchor, and forming a rolled anchor anchoring section (L1) within 2 to 3 minutes; S05. Insert the constant resistance pressure-releasing mechanism into the rear part of the hollow anchor rod body, push the distal end of the outer sleeve (50) into the anchor hole (110), screw the pressure-releasing nut (70) so that its front part contacts the inner wall of the transition section of the proximal guide section (61) and the deformation section (62) of the pressure-releasing cylinder (60), and install the pad (80) and the nut (90) on the outer end of the outer sleeve (50); S06, connecting the grouting pipe to the proximal end of the rear anchoring section 12 and injecting grout, so that the grouting liquid enters the rear anchoring section (12) from the grouting hole (21) of the connector (20), thereby forming a cement-based grouting material anchoring section (L2); S07. Install a backing plate (80) and a nut (90) at the proximal end of the outer sleeve (50), and install a protective sleeve (100).

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