A containerized biomass auxiliary pyrolysis device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a container-type biomass auxiliary pyrolysis device, comprising a container shell (1); a garbage pyrolysis furnace (2), a secondary combustion chamber (3) and an exhaust gas treatment device are arranged in sequence from front to back in the container shell (1); the garbage pyrolysis furnace (2) is provided with a plurality of telescopic grates (201) located at the upper end that can make garbage fall back and forth, and a biomass pyrolysis furnace (4) located at the lower end; the garbage pyrolysis furnace (2) is provided with a garbage inlet (202) at the upper end, and a biomass inlet (203) at the side; the secondary combustion chamber (3) is provided with a plurality of partitions (301) that divide the secondary combustion chamber (3) into continuous curved channels; and the side of the garbage pyrolysis furnace (2) is provided with a through hole connected to the secondary combustion chamber (3). The present invention is a garbage pyrolysis device with a compact structure and easy transportation, which can not only effectively decompose and treat low calorific value garbage, but also has low energy consumption, is more energy-saving and environmentally friendly, and can make full use of the garbage composition in towns, rural areas and other regions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a garbage treatment device, in particular to a container-type biomass auxiliary pyrolysis device. Background Art

[0002] With the development of modern society, the output of garbage in my country has also increased, causing serious harm to the environment. Common methods of garbage disposal include landfill, incineration and composting. Among them, landfill and composting have fallen into the problem of occupying a large amount of land and low resource utilization level. Although incineration can achieve the purpose of reducing volume and quantity and resource utilization, if it is not completely burned, it is easy to produce carcinogens such as dioxins. Moreover, whether the garbage can be burned completely also depends to a large extent on the total calorific value of the garbage. For example, if there are few combustibles and low calorific value in the garbage, it is usually necessary to add fuel such as diesel to make the garbage burn. Not only is the energy consumption large, but the existing combustion equipment cannot well avoid the generation of harmful substances such as dioxins. Moreover, in most remote areas such as towns and villages in my country, the amount of garbage generated is relatively low, but it is generally necessary to transport the garbage to the garbage treatment site for treatment. There are problems such as long transportation distance and high freight. In addition to general domestic garbage, remote towns and villages generally produce biomass garbage such as straw and sawdust. Most of these garbage are currently treated by on-site combustion, lacking environmentally friendly treatment methods.

[0003] The emergence of pyrolysis technology provides a new idea for waste treatment. It uses waste to decompose under high temperature and oxygen-free or low oxygen conditions, and can produce high-value clean gas. Similarly, waste pyrolysis requires a high temperature environment. Generally, the furnace temperature can be increased by self-combustion, or diesel and other fuels can be used for combustion. If the calorific value of the waste itself is low, it is difficult to carry out self-combustion pyrolysis. The use of fuel reduces the environmental significance of waste pyrolysis from another perspective. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a container-type biomass auxiliary pyrolysis device. It is a garbage pyrolysis device with a compact structure and easy transportation. It can not only effectively decompose and treat low calorific value garbage, but also has low energy consumption, is more energy-saving and environmentally friendly, and can make full use of the garbage composition in towns, rural areas and other areas.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is a container-type biomass auxiliary pyrolysis device, which is characterized by: comprising a container shell; in the container shell, a garbage pyrolysis furnace, a secondary combustion chamber and an exhaust gas treatment device are arranged in sequence from front to back; the garbage pyrolysis furnace is provided with a plurality of telescopic grates at the upper end that can make garbage fall back and forth, and a biomass pyrolysis furnace at the lower end; a garbage inlet is provided at the upper end of the garbage pyrolysis furnace, and a biomass inlet is provided at the side; a plurality of partitions that divide the secondary combustion chamber into continuous bending channels are provided in the secondary combustion chamber; a through hole connected to the secondary combustion chamber is provided on the side of the garbage pyrolysis furnace. The biomass pyrolysis furnace can use biomass garbage with relatively high calorific value, while the garbage pyrolysis furnace processes garbage with lower calorific value.

[0006] In the above-mentioned container-type biomass-assisted pyrolysis device, the biomass pyrolysis furnace includes an inner furnace, a flared combustion bucket is provided at the bottom of the inner furnace, a closed heat collecting bucket is provided at the top of the inner furnace, and a flame-spraying port is provided at the top of the closed heat collecting bucket; a channel connected to the biomass inlet is provided at the lower end of the closed heat collecting bucket.

[0007] In the aforementioned container-type biomass auxiliary pyrolysis device, an upward blowing port is provided below the expanded combustion bucket. The biomass pyrolysis furnace adopts a relatively oxygen-rich environment so that the biomass can burn quickly. The blowing port can disperse and suspend the biomass above, and with a certain amount of air entering, it can improve the combustion efficiency of the biomass, and then provide high-temperature gas and flame to the garbage pyrolysis furnace above to assist the pyrolysis of garbage in the garbage pyrolysis furnace.

[0008] In the aforementioned container-type biomass auxiliary pyrolysis device, the telescopic grate comprises a fixed grate with one end fixed on the side wall of the garbage pyrolysis furnace, a slide groove is provided on the fixed grate, a movable grate is connected to the front end of the fixed grate through the slide groove, and a horizontal push rod with a triangular cross section is provided on the upper surface of the movable grate. Through the telescopic movement of the movable grate, the garbage in the furnace can be gradually lowered.

[0009] In the aforementioned container-type biomass-assisted pyrolysis device, the movable grate and the fixed grate are connected by two telescopic sleeves, one end of each telescopic sleeve is provided with an airway interface, and the other end is connected by a connecting pipe, and an oxygen increase port is provided on the connecting pipe; the two airway interfaces are respectively connected to the air intake pump. A hydraulic rod is provided in the telescopic sleeve. The oxygen increase port is used to adjust the oxygen content in the garbage pyrolysis furnace to control the pyrolysis temperature. On the other hand, due to the introduction of air, the hydraulic rod can be thermally protected to prevent it from being damaged by high temperature.

[0010] In the aforementioned container-type biomass-assisted pyrolysis device, the exhaust gas treatment device includes a bag dust collector located at the rear end of the container shell, and a quench heat exchanger, an activated carbon adsorption tank, a denitrification spray tank and a desulfurization spray tank located between the bag dust collector and the secondary combustion chamber; the secondary combustion chamber, the quench heat exchanger, the activated carbon adsorption tank, the denitrification spray tank, the desulfurization spray tank and the bag dust collector are connected in sequence.

[0011] In the aforementioned container-type biomass auxiliary pyrolysis device, the container shell is formed by stacking a plurality of containers up and down, so that the height of the garbage pyrolysis furnace can be adjusted according to the amount of garbage to be processed.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention cleverly uses the container shell as a carrier for garbage pyrolysis and tail gas treatment, and has an extremely compact structure, flexible installation, and is easy to transport. The present invention embeds a biomass pyrolysis furnace in the garbage pyrolysis furnace. The biomass pyrolysis furnace is used to burn biomass garbage (wood chips, straw, etc.) with high pyrolysis calorific value. It can quickly and effectively increase the furnace temperature of the garbage pyrolysis furnace and provide a combustion flame. The gas generated during the pyrolysis of the biomass can also enter the garbage pyrolysis furnace and the secondary combustion chamber. Combined with the telescopic grate above, the garbage with lower calorific value can also be effectively pyrolyzed during the continuous flipping and falling process. In addition, the secondary combustion chamber located outside the garbage pyrolysis furnace can not only perform high-temperature secondary combustion on the gas generated by pyrolysis and effectively reduce the generation of harmful substances such as dioxins, but also provide a heat source for the inner garbage pyrolysis furnace to ensure the temperature in the furnace. The double-furnace matching structure of the present invention, combined with the secondary combustion chamber, can more fully process the garbage, and the utilization rate of thermal energy is extremely high. It is not only applicable to garbage with lower calorific value, but also has higher processing efficiency, and does not require fossil fuels, which is more energy-saving and environmentally friendly.

[0013] The structure of the present invention uses a container as a carrier, is relatively simple, and does not require civil construction. Therefore, it can be directly transported to various scattered garbage collection points in towns and villages through container trailers, without the need to transport the garbage to large-scale garbage disposal points (garbage incineration plants, power stations) at a high cost. In addition, the present invention can effectively utilize the biomass garbage generated in large quantities in towns and villages, so that it can play an auxiliary role in the pyrolysis treatment process of other garbage, without wasting the heat energy contained in the biomass garbage. In addition, the present invention has high processing efficiency, can fully burn and pyrolyze the garbage, and is not easy to produce harmful substances such as dioxins. The present invention makes full use of the structural composition of garbage in towns and villages, and is very suitable for promotion and use in towns and villages: it has low construction cost, low operating technical requirements, high processing efficiency, does not consume fossil energy, and the heat energy generated can be used for heating, hot water supply, or power generation, with high economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the telescopic grate;

[0017] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a movable grate;

[0018] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the power structure of the movable grate;

[0019] Figure 6 It is a structural diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but they are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0021] Example 1: A container-type biomass assisted pyrolysis device, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown: it includes a container shell 1; in the container shell 1, a garbage pyrolysis furnace 2, a secondary combustion chamber 3 and an exhaust gas treatment device are arranged in sequence from front to back; the garbage pyrolysis furnace 2 is provided with a plurality of telescopic grates 201 at the upper end that can make garbage fall back and forth, and the telescopic grate 201 is set at an inclination angle of 25°-30°; and a biomass pyrolysis furnace 4 is located at the lower end, and the telescopic grate 201 is set at an inclination angle of 25°-30°; the garbage pyrolysis furnace 2 is provided with a garbage inlet 202 at the upper end, and a biomass inlet 203 at the side; the secondary combustion chamber 3 is provided with a plurality of partitions 301 that divide the secondary combustion chamber 3 into continuous bending channels; the garbage pyrolysis furnace 2 is provided with a through hole connected to the secondary combustion chamber 3 on the side. The biomass pyrolysis furnace 4 comprises an inner furnace 402, wherein an expanding combustion bucket 403 is provided at the bottom of the inner furnace 402, a closing heat collecting bucket 404 is provided at the top of the inner furnace 402, and a flame-spraying port 401 is provided at the top of the closing heat collecting bucket 404; a channel connected to the biomass inlet 203 is provided at the lower end of the closing heat collecting bucket 404. An upward blowing port 408 is provided below the expanding combustion bucket 403. The telescopic grate 201 is as shown in FIG. Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, it includes a fixed grate 2011 with one end fixed on the side wall of the garbage pyrolysis furnace 2, a slide slot is provided on the fixed grate 2011, and the front end of the fixed grate 2011 is connected to a movable grate 2012 through the slide slot, and a horizontal push rod 2013 with a triangular cross section is provided on the upper surface of the movable grate 2012. The movable grate 2012 and the fixed grate 2011 are connected by two telescopic sleeves 2014, one end of each telescopic sleeve 2014 is provided with an airway interface 2015, and the other end is connected through a connecting pipe 2016, and an oxygen increase port 2017 is provided on the connecting pipe 2016; the two airway interfaces 2015 are respectively connected to the air intake pump; the telescopic sleeve 214 is provided with a hydraulic rod 2018, as shown in FIG. Figure 5 The exhaust gas treatment device includes a bag dust collector 5 located at the rear end of the container shell 1, and a quench heat exchanger 6, an activated carbon adsorption tank 7, a denitration spray tank 8 and a desulfurization spray tank 9 located between the bag dust collector 5 and the secondary combustion chamber 3; the secondary combustion chamber 3, the quench heat exchanger 6, the activated carbon adsorption tank 7, the denitration spray tank 8 (with a urea solution spray head), the desulfurization spray tank 9 (with a sodium hydroxide solution spray head) and the bag dust collector 5 are connected in sequence.

[0022] Example 2. Based on Example 1, when a larger amount of garbage is required, two layers (such as Figure 6 ) or above.

[0023] The specific working principle of the present invention is:

[0024] First, biomass waste (such as discarded furniture fragments, wood chips, straw, dried mushroom sticks, etc.) with higher calorific value is pushed into the inner furnace 302 of the biomass pyrolysis furnace 3 to ignite the biomass waste. Then, the blowing port 408 blows air upward to make the biomass waste roll and float in the expanded combustion bucket 403, and the biomass waste begins to burn efficiently. Then, the temperature in the furnace rises, and some biomass waste undergoes pyrolysis reaction. The high-temperature gas after combustion, along with the pyrolysis gas, flows into the top of the garbage pyrolysis furnace 2 from the blast hole 401 in the form of flame, and the temperature above the garbage pyrolysis furnace 2 rises to the temperature required for pyrolysis; the garbage with lower calorific value is pushed into the first-level telescopic grate 201. The first-level telescopic grate 201 can transfer the garbage to the next level through telescopic movement. The garbage burns and pyrolyzes on the telescopic grates at each level, and flips each time it is transferred to the next level. The closer it is to the blast hole 401, the garbage can be burned to ashes in the end. The fuel gas and the exhaust gas from the pyrolysis in the garbage pyrolysis furnace 2 enter the secondary combustion chamber 3 together, and high-temperature secondary combustion is carried out in the long passage of the secondary combustion chamber (the combustion temperature can be increased by blowing air and increasing oxygen). After the exhaust gas and fuel gas undergo high-temperature secondary combustion, harmful gases are significantly reduced. The exhaust gas from the secondary combustion first enters the quench heat exchanger 6 for heat exchange, and the heat energy obtained from the exchange can be recycled and reused. The cooled exhaust gas first enters the activated carbon adsorption tank 7 for adsorption, and then enters the denitration spray tank 8 for spraying of urea solution to achieve denitration, and then carries out sodium hydroxide spraying treatment in the desulfurization spray tank 9 for desulfurization, and finally is discharged after dust removal by the bag filter.

Claims

1. A containerized biomass assisted pyrolysis device, characterized in that: The container shell (1) comprises a garbage pyrolysis furnace (2), a secondary combustion chamber (3) and an exhaust gas treatment device arranged in sequence from front to back in the container shell (1); the garbage pyrolysis furnace (2) is provided with a plurality of telescopic grates (201) at the upper end for causing garbage to fall back and forth, and a biomass pyrolysis furnace (4) at the lower end; the garbage pyrolysis furnace (2) is provided with a garbage inlet (202) at the upper end and a biomass inlet (203) at the side; the secondary combustion chamber (3) is provided with a plurality of partitions (301) for dividing the secondary combustion chamber (3) into continuous curved channels; the side of the garbage pyrolysis furnace (2) is provided with a through hole connected to the secondary combustion chamber (3); the biomass pyrolysis furnace (4) comprises an inner furnace (402), the inner furnace (402 ) is provided with an expanded combustion bucket (403) at the bottom, a closed heat collecting bucket (404) is provided at the top of the inner furnace (402), and a flame-spraying port (401) is provided at the top of the closed heat collecting bucket (404); a channel connected to a biomass inlet (203) is provided at the lower end of the closed heat collecting bucket (404); an upward blowing port (408) is provided below the expanded combustion bucket (403); the telescopic grate (201) comprises a fixed grate (2011) fixed at one end to the side wall of the garbage pyrolysis furnace (2), a slide groove is provided on the fixed grate (2011), a movable grate (2012) is connected to the front end of the fixed grate (2011) via the slide groove, and a horizontal push rod (2013) with a triangular cross section is provided on the upper surface of the movable grate (2012).

2. The containerized biomass-assisted pyrolysis device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The movable grate (212) and the fixed grate (2011) are connected via two telescopic sleeves (2014); one end of each telescopic sleeve (2014) is provided with an airway interface (2015), and the other end is connected via a connecting pipe (2016); an oxygen increase port (2017) is provided on the connecting pipe (2016); the two airway interfaces (2015) are respectively connected to an air intake pump; and a hydraulic rod (2018) is provided in the telescopic sleeve (2014).

3. The containerized biomass-assisted pyrolysis device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The exhaust gas treatment device comprises a bag dust removal device (5) located at the rear end of the container shell (1), and a quench heat exchanger (6), an activated carbon adsorption tank (7), a denitrification spray tank (8), and a desulfurization spray tank (9) located between the bag dust removal device (5) and the secondary combustion chamber (3); the secondary combustion chamber (3), the quench heat exchanger (6), the activated carbon adsorption tank (7), the denitrification spray tank (8), the desulfurization spray tank (9) and the bag dust removal device (5) are connected in sequence.

4. The containerized biomass-assisted pyrolysis device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The container shell (1) is formed by stacking a plurality of containers one above the other.

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