A multi-stage anti-impact energy absorption structure of a hydraulic column

Abstract

A multi-stage anti-impact energy absorption structure of a hydraulic column solves the problems of the existing anti-impact energy absorption mechanism of the hydraulic column, such as complex buffer structure, large space occupation, high manufacturing cost, limited impact energy that can be absorbed, inability to meet use requirements, large later maintenance workload, high maintenance cost, and long operation cycle for restoring tunnel support. It includes a multi-stage shear pressure column, characterized in that: a buffer energy absorption sleeve is provided at the lower part of the multi-stage shear pressure column, and the upper end opening of the inner cavity of the buffer energy absorption sleeve is plugged into the lower end of the multi-stage shear pressure column; a multi-stage anti-impact shear plate is fixedly provided in the inner cavity of the buffer energy absorption sleeve, and the multi-stage anti-impact shear plate is located below the multi-stage shear pressure column. It has a reasonable design and a compact structure, can realize multi-stage energy absorption buffering, can effectively absorb a large amount of impact energy, protect the structure of the hydraulic column, has good safety, is convenient for later maintenance, has a low production cost, and is flexible and reliable to use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of coal mine safety support, and specifically relates to a multi-stage anti-impact energy absorption structure of hydraulic columns that can realize multi-stage energy absorption and buffering, can effectively absorb a large amount of impact energy, and protect the structure of hydraulic columns. The structure has good safety, convenient later maintenance, low production cost, and flexible and reliable use. Background Art

[0002] As the main bearing component of the hydraulic support of the fully mechanized mining face of coal mines, the hydraulic column has a certain ability to bear static loads, and when the load exceeds the working resistance of the hydraulic column, the pressure relief safety valve of the column can be used to release fluid to achieve the purpose of buffering and releasing pressure. However, with the increasing depth of mineral resource mining, the frequency and degree of rock burst are becoming more and more severe, often leading to the overall instability of the underground tunnel support structure, the overturning and damage of mechanical equipment, and even casualties, which seriously affect the safe production of coal mines.

[0003] Since the moment of impact ground pressure, huge elastic energy will be released, and the time from the occurrence to the complete release of impact load is often only between a few milliseconds and tens of milliseconds, the pressure relief safety valve of the column is affected by the mechanical state in such a short dynamic response time, and sometimes it is too late to open, or the instantaneous pressure relief capacity after opening cannot meet the buffering pressure requirement, thereby causing the hydraulic column to bend, break and burst under pressure, affecting the normal support of the tunnel. At the same time, the traditional hydraulic column design does not take into account the impact protection angle. When the impact ground pressure suddenly occurs in the coal mine, the hydraulic column cannot resist the strong impact load. Moreover, some hydraulic columns with buffer mechanisms at the bottom of the telescopic live column or the bottom of the column cylinder body not only have complex buffer structures, large occupied space, and high manufacturing costs, but also the impact energy that the buffer mechanism can absorb is limited, and the buffering effect cannot meet the use requirements; the workload of the hydraulic column maintenance in the later stage is large, the maintenance cost is high, and the operation cycle of restoring normal tunnel support is long. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the anti-impact energy absorption mechanism of the hydraulic column in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims at solving the above problems and provides a multi-stage anti-impact energy absorption structure for hydraulic columns which can realize multi-stage energy absorption and buffering, effectively absorb a large amount of impact energy, and protect the structure of hydraulic columns. The structure has good safety, convenient later maintenance, low production cost, and is flexible and reliable to use.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: the multi-stage anti-impact energy absorption structure of the hydraulic column includes a multi-stage shear pressure column, which is characterized in that: a buffer energy absorption sleeve is arranged at the lower part of the multi-stage shear pressure column, and the upper end opening of the inner cavity of the buffer energy absorption sleeve is plug-connected with the lower end of the multi-stage shear pressure column; and, a multi-stage anti-impact shear plate is fixedly arranged in the inner cavity of the buffer energy absorption sleeve, and the multi-stage anti-impact shear plate is located below the multi-stage shear pressure column.

[0006] The buffering energy absorbing sleeve is composed of a sleeve body, and a buffering energy absorbing cavity with an upper end opening is arranged inside the sleeve body; the lower end of the multi-stage shearing pressure column is inserted into the buffering energy absorbing cavity of the sleeve body through the upper end opening. The buffering energy absorbing sleeve is plugged and connected with the multi-stage shearing pressure column through the buffering energy absorbing cavity to achieve multi-stage buffering of the impact load.

[0007] The multi-stage shearing pressure column is composed of a pressure column body, and at least two groups of shearing columns with different diameters arranged layer by layer along the axial direction are arranged at the lower end of the pressure column body. The stepped shearing columns with different diameters arranged layer by layer at the lower end of the multi-stage shearing pressure column are used to effectively perform multi-stage extrusion shearing on the multi-stage anti-shock shear plate below it.

[0008] The multi-stage anti-shock shear plate is composed of a shear plate body, and at least two groups of shear ring grooves with different diameters are arranged at intervals along the radial direction on the side of the shear plate body facing away from the multi-stage shear pressure column. When a sudden impact ground pressure occurs in the coal mine, the multi-stage shear pressure column is used to perform multi-level extrusion shear damage on the multi-stage anti-shock shear plate fixedly arranged in the inner cavity of the buffer energy absorption sleeve to offset the strong impact load, thereby ensuring that the hydraulic column structure is not affected by the impact damage.

[0009] The shear ring grooves with different diameters arranged on the shear plate body gradually deepen as the diameter of the shear ring groove increases. The breaking force value of each shear ring groove of the multi-stage anti-collision shear plate is set according to the working resistance of the hydraulic column, and the shear ring grooves gradually deepen as the diameter of the shear ring groove increases, so that the shear thickness of each shear column with gradually increasing diameter becomes thinner accordingly, thereby facilitating the multi-stage shear failure of the multi-stage anti-collision shear plate by the multi-stage shear pressure column.

[0010] The other side of the shear plate body facing the multi-stage shear pressure column is provided with a plurality of groups of annular shear notches with diameters corresponding to the shear ring grooves. The annular shear notches provided on the upper side of the shear plate body are used to facilitate the destruction of the multi-stage shear pressure column on the multi-stage anti-impact shear plate, thereby ensuring the use effect of the multi-stage anti-impact energy absorption structure.

[0011] The multi-stage anti-shock shear plate is horizontally arranged inside the inner cavity of the buffer energy absorption sleeve, and a shear plate support sleeve is arranged between the lower side of the multi-stage anti-shock shear plate and the bottom of the inner cavity of the buffer energy absorption sleeve; the shear plate support sleeve is composed of a support sleeve body with a hollow structure, the upper end of the support sleeve body is provided with a shear plate support part, and the lower end of the support sleeve body is provided with a limited position fixing part. The lower end of the shear plate support sleeve is positioned and connected with the bottom of the inner cavity of the buffer energy absorption sleeve through the limited position fixing part, and the shear plate support part at the upper end of the shear plate support sleeve is used to support the lower side of the multi-stage anti-shock shear plate; and under normal working conditions, it is ensured that the telescopic live column and the column bottom of the hydraulic column have sufficient support strength; at the same time, when impact ground pressure occurs and the impact load exceeds the breaking force value, the multi-stage anti-shock shear plate arranged in the buffer energy absorption sleeve is squeezed and sheared by the multi-stage shear pressure column, so that the multi-stage anti-shock shear plate undergoes multi-level shear failure, thereby realizing multi-stage energy absorption buffering and effectively protecting the structure of the hydraulic column.

[0012] An anti-collision guide sleeve is also provided at the upper opening of the buffer energy absorption cavity of the buffer energy absorption sleeve. The anti-collision guide sleeve is composed of a guide sleeve body, a pressure column plug-in hole is provided in the middle of the guide sleeve body, and a dust ring installation groove for arranging a dust seal ring is provided on the inner side wall of the pressure column plug-in hole; a positioning flange is provided on the outer wall of the upper end of the guide sleeve body; the guide sleeve body of the anti-collision guide sleeve is connected to the anti-collision guide sleeve installation groove provided at the upper end of the buffer energy absorption cavity of the buffer energy absorption sleeve; accordingly, a guide transition section is provided on the column of the multi-stage shear pressure column. The guide transition section of the multi-stage shear pressure column is connected with the anti-collision guide sleeve to provide effective buffering guidance for the multi-stage anti-collision energy absorption structure in the process of downward energy absorption and buffering under impact ground pressure.

[0013] A limit piston is fixedly arranged on the multi-stage shear pressure column, and the limit piston is located inside the buffer energy absorption cavity of the buffer energy absorption sleeve and below the anti-collision guide sleeve; the limit piston is composed of a limit plug body, and a pressure column connecting hole is arranged in the middle of the limit plug body, and the limit piston is connected to the limit plug connecting part arranged on the outer wall of the middle part of the multi-stage shear pressure column through the pressure column connecting hole. The limit piston arranged on the multi-stage shear pressure column is used to cooperate with the anti-collision guide sleeve fixedly arranged at the opening of the upper end of the buffer energy absorption sleeve to fix the position of the lower end of the multi-stage shear pressure column in the buffer energy absorption cavity of the buffer energy absorption sleeve, so as to avoid accidental detachment of the plug-in structure during use.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: since the present invention adopts a multi-stage shear pressure column, a buffer energy-absorbing sleeve is arranged at the bottom of the multi-stage shear pressure column, and the upper end opening of the inner cavity of the buffer energy-absorbing sleeve is plugged into the lower end of the multi-stage shear pressure column; a multi-stage anti-impact shear plate is fixedly arranged in the inner cavity of the buffer energy-absorbing sleeve, and the multi-stage anti-impact shear plate is located below the multi-stage shear pressure column. Therefore, the present invention has a reasonable design and a compact structure, can realize multi-stage energy absorption buffering, can effectively absorb a large amount of impact energy, makes up for the defect of insufficient impact load resistance of the hydraulic column of the existing structure, protects the structure of the hydraulic column, and has good safety in use and convenient later maintenance. After the multi-stage anti-impact energy-absorbing structure is damaged, it only needs to replace the multi-stage anti-impact shear plate. The production cost is low, the operation cycle for restoring normal tunnel support is short, and the use is flexible and reliable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of a multi-stage shear pressure column.

[0017] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Front view of .

[0018] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of the buffer energy absorbing sleeve.

[0019] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of a multi-stage anti-impact shear plate.

[0020] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of the internal structure.

[0021] Figure 7 yes Figure 5 A-direction view.

[0022] Figure 8 yes Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of the shear plate support sleeve in FIG.

[0023] Fig. 9 yes Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of the limit piston in FIG.

[0024] Fig.10 yes Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of the anti-collision guide sleeve.

[0025] Fig.11 yes Figure 1A schematic diagram of a buffering energy absorption action in which the multi-stage shear compression column is subjected to impact load and the first-stage shear column squeezes and shears the first-stage shear ring groove of the multi-stage anti-impact shear plate.

[0026] Fig.12 yes Fig.11 A schematic diagram of a buffering energy absorption action in which the multi-stage shear pressure column continues to move downward and the secondary shear column squeezes and shears the secondary shear ring groove of the multi-stage anti-impact shear plate step by step.

[0027] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of an implementation method of applying the multi-stage anti-impact energy absorption structure of the present invention to the bottom of a column cylinder body.

[0028] Fig.14 It is a schematic diagram of an implementation method of applying the multi-stage anti-impact energy absorption structure of the present invention to the bottom of a telescopic live column.

[0029] Explanation of the serial numbers in the figure: 1 multi-stage shear pressure column, 2 buffer energy absorption sleeve, 3 multi-stage anti-impact shear plate, 4 shear plate support sleeve, 5 anti-impact guide sleeve, 6 limit piston, 7 dustproof sealing ring, 8 pressure column body, 9 first-stage shear column, 10 second-stage shear column, 11 third-stage shear column, 12 fourth-stage shear column, 13 limit plug connection part, 14 guide transition section, 15 sleeve body, 16 buffer energy absorption cavity, 17 anti-impact guide sleeve installation groove, 18 shear plate body, 19 annular shear notch, 20 middle through hole, 21 first-stage shear ring groove, 22 secondary shear ring groove, 23 tertiary shear ring groove, 24 fourth-stage shear ring groove, 25 support sleeve body, 26 shear plate support part, 27 limit fixing part, 28 limit plug body, 29 pressure column connecting hole, 30 guide ring mounting groove, 31 guide sleeve body, 32 pressure column plug-in hole, 33 positioning flange, 34 dust ring mounting groove, 35 flange notch, 36 column cylinder body, 37 telescopic piston, 38 liquid inlet, 39 liquid return port, 40 pressure relief safety valve, 41 piston rod seal, 42 column bottom, 43 column bottom connecting part. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] according to Figures 1 to 12 The specific structure of the present invention is described in detail. The multi-stage anti-impact energy absorption structure of the hydraulic column includes a multi-stage shear pressure column 1, which is composed of a pressure column body 8. The pressure column body 8 is provided with a guide transition section 14 for matching with the anti-impact guide sleeve 5. The lower end of the guide transition section 14 is provided with at least two groups of coaxially arranged layer by layer and having different diameters. For example, a first-stage shear column 9, a second-stage shear column 10, a third-stage shear column 11 and a fourth-stage shear column 12 (such as Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown); and, the diameter d1 of the first-stage shear column 9 is less than the diameter d2 of the second-stage shear column 10, less than the diameter d3 of the third-stage shear column 11, less than the diameter d4 of the fourth-stage shear column 12; and then, the stepped shear columns with different diameters arranged layer by layer at the lower end of the multi-stage shear pressure column 1 are utilized to perform effective multi-stage extrusion shearing on the multi-stage anti-impact shear plate 3 therebelow.

[0031] The lower part of the multi-stage shear pressure column 1 is provided with a buffer energy absorption sleeve 2, which is composed of a sleeve body 15, and a buffer energy absorption cavity 16 with an upper end opening is provided inside the sleeve body 15. The lower end of the multi-stage shear pressure column 1 is inserted into the buffer energy absorption cavity 16 of the sleeve body 15 through the upper end opening, so that the buffer energy absorption sleeve 2 is plugged and connected with the multi-stage shear pressure column 1 through the buffer energy absorption cavity 16 to achieve multi-stage buffering of the impact load. An anti-impact guide sleeve 5 is also provided at the upper end opening of the buffer energy absorption cavity 16 of the buffer energy absorption sleeve 2; the anti-impact guide sleeve 5 is composed of a guide sleeve body 31, and a pressure column plug-in hole 32 for passing the multi-stage shear pressure column 1 is provided in the middle of the guide sleeve body 31, and a dust ring installation groove 34 is provided on the inner side wall of the pressure column plug-in hole 32, and a dust ring installation groove 34 is arranged in the dust ring installation groove 34. A dust seal ring 7 is arranged.

[0032] A circle of positioning flange 33 is arranged on the outer wall of the upper end of the guide sleeve body 31 of the anti-impact guide sleeve 5; and a plurality of groups of flange notches 35 are arranged on the positioning flange 33 for facilitating the installation of the guide sleeve. At the same time, the guide sleeve body 31 of the anti-impact guide sleeve 5 is connected to the internal thread in the anti-impact guide sleeve installation groove 17 arranged at the upper end of the buffer energy absorption cavity 16 of the buffer energy absorption sleeve 2 through the external thread on its outer wall, and can be fastened and connected to prevent loosening by using the anti-loosening screw arranged laterally. Thus, through the coordinated connection between the guide transition section 14 of the multi-stage shear pressure column 1 and the anti-impact guide sleeve 5, an effective buffer guide is provided for the multi-stage anti-impact energy absorption structure in the process of downward energy absorption buffering under impact ground pressure. At the same time, on the outer side wall of the guide transition section 14 of the multi-stage shear pressure column 1, an anti-impact stroke marking scale arranged along the telescopic direction of the hydraulic column can also be arranged.

[0033] A limit piston 6 is fixedly arranged on the multi-stage shear pressure column 1, in the middle position between the guide transition section 14 and the shear column, and the limit piston 6 is located inside the buffer energy absorption cavity 16 of the buffer energy absorption sleeve 2 and below the anti-impact guide sleeve 5. The limit piston 6 is composed of an annular limit plug body 28, a pressure column connection hole 29 is arranged in the middle of the limit plug body 28, a circle of guide ring installation groove 30 is arranged on the outer wall of the limit plug body 28, and an anti-eccentric guide ring is arranged in the guide ring installation groove 30. The limit piston 6 is connected to the external thread of the limit plug connection part 13 arranged on the outer wall of the middle part of the multi-stage shear pressure column 1 through the internal thread on the inner wall of the pressure column connection hole 29, and is fastened and prevented from loosening by a transversely arranged anti-loosening screw. Thus, the position of the lower end of the multi-stage shear pressure column 1 in the buffer energy absorption cavity 16 of the buffer energy absorption sleeve 2 is fixed by utilizing the limiting piston 6 arranged in the middle part of the multi-stage shear pressure column 1 and the anti-impact guide sleeve 5 fixedly arranged at the opening of the upper end of the buffer energy absorption sleeve 2, so as to avoid accidental falling off of the plug-in structure during use.

[0034] A horizontally arranged multi-stage anti-shock shear plate 3 is also fixedly arranged in the buffer energy absorption cavity 16 of the buffer energy absorption sleeve 2, and the multi-stage anti-shock shear plate 3 is located below the first-stage shear column 9 at the lowest end of the multi-stage shear pressure column 1. A shear plate support sleeve 4 is also arranged between the lower side of the multi-stage anti-shock shear plate 3 and the bottom of the inner cavity of the buffer energy absorption sleeve 2. The shear plate support sleeve 4 is composed of a support sleeve body 25 with a hollow structure, and the interior of the support sleeve body 25 is provided with an inner cavity for accommodating the shear ring body of the multi-stage anti-shock shear plate 3 that is punched and sheared off; a shear plate support portion 26 is arranged at the upper end of the support sleeve body 25, and a limited position fixing portion 27 is arranged at the lower end of the support sleeve body 25. Then, the lower end of the shear plate support sleeve 4 is positioned and connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the buffer energy absorption sleeve 2 through the limited position fixing portion 27, and the shear plate support portion 26 at the upper end of the shear plate support sleeve 4 is used to support the lower side of the multi-stage anti-shock shear plate 3. Moreover, under normal working conditions, it is ensured that the telescopic piston 37 and the column base 42 of the hydraulic column have sufficient supporting strength; at the same time, when impact ground pressure occurs and the impact load exceeds the breaking force value, the multi-stage shear pressure column 1 squeezes and shears the multi-stage anti-impact shear plate 3 arranged in the buffer energy absorption sleeve 2, causing the multi-stage anti-impact shear plate 3 to undergo multi-level shear failure, thereby realizing multi-stage energy absorption buffering and effectively protecting the structure of the hydraulic column.

[0035] The multi-stage anti-collision shear plate 3 is composed of a disc-shaped shear plate body 18, and a middle through hole 20 is provided in the middle of the shear plate body 18 to facilitate the installation of the shear plate and reduce the weight. The shear plate body 18 of the multi-stage anti-collision shear plate 3 is provided with at least two groups of concentrically arranged fixed force breaking shear ring grooves with different diameters on the lower side of the multi-stage shear pressure column 1 above it. For example, the first-stage shear ring groove 21, the second-stage shear ring groove 22, the third-stage shear ring groove 23 and the fourth-stage shear ring groove 24 can be arranged layer by layer in the axial direction from bottom to top at the lower end of the pressure column body 8 (such as Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown); and, the diameter D1 of the first-stage shear ring groove 21 is less than the diameter D2 of the second-stage shear ring groove 22, less than the diameter D3 of the third-stage shear ring groove 23, less than the diameter D4 of the fourth-stage shear ring groove 24. Therefore, when a sudden impact ground pressure occurs in the coal mine, the multi-stage shear pressure column 1 is used to perform multi-stage extrusion and shear destruction on the multi-stage anti-impact shear plate 3 fixedly arranged in the inner cavity of the buffer energy-absorbing sleeve 2 to offset the strong impact load, thereby ensuring that the hydraulic column structure is not affected by the impact damage.

[0036] At the same time, the shear ring grooves with different diameters arranged on the shear plate body 18 of the multi-stage anti-impact shear plate 3 gradually deepen in depth as the diameter of the shear ring groove increases, that is, the depth of the fourth-stage shear ring groove 24>the depth of the third-stage shear ring groove 23>the depth of the second-stage shear ring groove 22>the depth of the first-stage shear ring groove 21; the breaking force values ​​of the shear ring grooves of each stage of the multi-stage anti-impact shear plate 3 are set according to the working resistance of the hydraulic column, and the shear ring grooves gradually deepen as the diameter of the shear ring grooves increases, so that the shear thickness of each stage of the shear column with a gradually increasing diameter on the multi-stage shear pressure column 1 is correspondingly thinned, thereby facilitating the multi-stage shear failure of the multi-stage anti-impact shear plate 3 by the multi-stage shear pressure column 1. In order to ensure the use effect of the multi-stage anti-impact energy absorption structure, the shear plate body 18 is also concentrically provided with four groups of annular shear notches 19 (such as 19) with diameters corresponding to the shear ring grooves, facing the upper side of the multi-stage shear pressure column 1. Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown), the annular shear notches 19 arranged on the upper side of the shear plate body 18 are utilized to facilitate the fixed force destruction of the multi-stage shear pressure column 1 on the multi-stage anti-impact shear plate 3.

[0037] It can be understood that, in order to ensure that the shear columns at the lower end of the multi-stage shear pressure column 1 can effectively squeeze and shear the shear grooves at various levels on the multi-stage anti-collision shear plate 3, the diameter d1 of the first-stage shear column 9 of the multi-stage shear pressure column 1 is ≤ the diameter D1 of the first-stage shear groove 21 of the multi-stage anti-collision shear plate 3, the diameter d2 of the second-stage shear column 10 is ≤ the diameter D2 of the second-stage shear groove 22, the diameter d3 of the third-stage shear column 11 is ≤ the diameter D3 of the third-stage shear groove 23, and the diameter d4 of the fourth-stage shear column 12 is ≤ the diameter D4 of the fourth-stage shear groove 24. At the same time, the inner diameter of the inner cavity of the shear plate support sleeve 4 should not be less than the diameter D4 of the fourth-stage shear groove 24 of the multi-stage anti-collision shear plate 3.

[0038] When the multi-stage anti-collision energy absorption structure of the hydraulic column is used, the multi-stage anti-collision energy absorption structure can be arranged at the bottom of the column cylinder 36 (such as Fig.13 As shown), that is, the upper end of the multi-stage shear pressure column 1 is connected to the column bottom 42 at the lower end of the column cylinder 36, the lower end of the buffer energy absorption sleeve 2 is connected to the column bottom connection part 43, and the column bottom connection part 43 is hinged to the hydraulic support base; at the same time, the multi-stage anti-impact energy absorption structure can also be arranged at the bottom of the telescopic plunger 37 located inside the column cylinder 36 (as shown in FIG. Fig.14 As shown in the figure, that is, the upper end of the multi-stage shear pressure column 1 is connected to the lower end of the telescopic piston 37, and the buffer energy absorption sleeve 2 is located in the cavity of the column cylinder 36. In addition, a liquid inlet 38 is provided at the lower end of the column cylinder 36, a liquid return port 39 is provided at the upper end of the column cylinder 36, and a piston rod seal 41 is provided between the inner wall of the upper end opening of the column cylinder 36 and the outer wall of the telescopic piston 37. Then, several groups of hydraulic columns with multi-stage anti-impact energy absorption structures are arranged between the base and the top beam of the hydraulic support, thereby forming a support structure for the surrounding rock of the underground tunnel.

[0039] When the surrounding rock pressure of the tunnel is lower than the working resistance of the hydraulic column, the hydraulic column and the hydraulic support are in normal working condition as a whole. When impact ground pressure occurs, the impact load acts directly on the column head of the telescopic plunger 37 of the hydraulic column through the top beam of the hydraulic support, and the cavity pressure under the telescopic plunger 37 increases rapidly, so that when the pressure relief safety valve 40 fails to open in time, the entire hydraulic column sinks under pressure. At the same time, since the lower end of the buffer energy absorbing sleeve 2 of the multi-stage anti-impact energy absorbing structure is limited by the base of the hydraulic support (or the rapidly increasing pressure in the cavity below the telescopic piston 37), during the process of the column being pressed and sinking, the multi-stage shear pressure column 1 of the multi-stage anti-impact energy absorbing structure will produce relative movement in the buffer energy absorbing cavity 16 of the buffer energy absorbing sleeve 2; and then at the moment of the impact load, the multi-stage shear pressure column 1 is used to perform multi-level extrusion and shear destruction on the horizontally arranged multi-stage anti-impact shear plate 3 in the buffer energy absorbing cavity 16 of the buffer energy absorbing sleeve 2, thereby realizing the effect of multi-stage energy absorption buffering, offsetting the strong impact load, ensuring that the hydraulic column structure is not affected by impact damage, effectively preventing deformation and damage of the tunnel surrounding rock, and protecting the safety of on-site personnel.

Claims

1. A multi-stage anti-impact energy absorption structure of a hydraulic column, comprising a multi-stage shear pressure column (1), characterized in that: A buffer energy absorption sleeve (2) is arranged at the bottom of the multi-stage shear pressure column (1), and the upper end opening of the inner cavity of the buffer energy absorption sleeve (2) is plug-connected with the lower end of the multi-stage shear pressure column (1); and a multi-stage anti-impact shear plate (3) is fixedly arranged in the inner cavity of the buffer energy absorption sleeve (2), and the multi-stage anti-impact shear plate (3) is located below the multi-stage shear pressure column (1); the multi-stage anti-impact shear plate (3) is composed of a shear plate body (18), and the side of the shear plate body (18) facing away from the multi-stage shear pressure column (1) is provided with at least two groups of shear ring grooves arranged radially at intervals and having different diameters; the shear ring grooves with different diameters arranged on the shear plate body (18) gradually deepen as the diameter of the shear ring groove increases; the other side of the shear plate body (18) facing the multi-stage shear pressure column (1) is provided with a plurality of groups of annular shear notches (19) with diameters corresponding to the shear ring grooves.

2. The multi-stage anti-impact energy absorption structure of the hydraulic column according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The buffer energy absorption sleeve (2) is composed of a sleeve body (15), and a buffer energy absorption cavity (16) with an upper end opening is provided inside the sleeve body (15); the lower end of the multi-stage shear pressure column (1) is inserted into the buffer energy absorption cavity (16) of the sleeve body (15) through the upper end opening.

3. The multi-stage anti-impact energy absorption structure of the hydraulic column according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The multi-stage shearing pressure column (1) is composed of a pressure column body (8), and at least two groups of shear columns with different diameters are arranged layer by layer along the axial direction at the lower end of the pressure column body (8).

4. The multi-stage anti-impact energy absorption structure of the hydraulic column according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The multi-stage anti-impact shear plate (3) is horizontally arranged inside the inner cavity of the buffer energy absorbing sleeve (2), and a shear plate support sleeve (4) is provided between the lower side of the multi-stage anti-impact shear plate (3) and the bottom of the inner cavity of the buffer energy absorbing sleeve (2); the shear plate support sleeve (4) is composed of a support sleeve body (25) with a hollow structure, a shear plate support portion (26) is provided at the upper end of the support sleeve body (25), and a limited position fixing portion (27) is provided at the lower end of the support sleeve body (25).

5. The multi-stage anti-impact energy absorption structure of the hydraulic column according to claim 2 is characterized in that: An anti-collision guide sleeve (5) is further provided at the upper opening of the buffer energy absorption cavity (16) of the buffer energy absorption sleeve (2). The anti-collision guide sleeve (5) is composed of a guide sleeve body (31). A pressure column plug hole (32) is provided in the middle of the guide sleeve body (31), and a dust ring installation groove (34) for arranging a dust seal ring (7) is provided on the inner side wall of the pressure column plug hole (32); a positioning flange (33) is provided on the outer wall of the upper end of the guide sleeve body (31); the guide sleeve body (31) of the anti-collision guide sleeve (5) is connected to the anti-collision guide sleeve installation groove (17) provided at the upper end of the buffer energy absorption cavity (16) of the buffer energy absorption sleeve (2); accordingly, a guide transition section (14) is provided on the column of the multi-stage shear pressure column (1).

6. The multi-stage anti-impact energy absorption structure of the hydraulic column according to claim 5 is characterized in that: A limit piston (6) is fixedly arranged on the multi-stage shear pressure column (1), and the limit piston (6) is located inside the buffer energy absorption cavity (16) of the buffer energy absorption sleeve (2) and below the anti-impact guide sleeve (5); the limit piston (6) is composed of a limit plug body (28), a pressure column connecting hole (29) is arranged in the middle of the limit plug body (28), and the limit piston (6) is connected to a limit plug connecting part (13) arranged on the outer wall of the middle part of the multi-stage shear pressure column (1) through the pressure column connecting hole (29).

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