Organic soil conditioner suitable for high-phosphorus and high-cadmium soil, and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The present invention provides an organic source soil conditioner suitable for high-phosphorus and high-cadmium soil, and a preparation method and application thereof. In terms of weight, the organic source soil conditioner suitable for high-phosphorus and high-cadmium soil comprises 90 to 100 parts of organic materials obtained by processing kitchen waste, 1 to 5 parts of Glomus sphaeroides and 2 to 6 parts of Aspergillus niger. Even in a high-phosphorus and high-cadmium environment, the weight-reducing combined functional bacteria formed by Glomus sphaeroides and Aspergillus niger can still grow and develop, and better infect the rice root system to form symbiotic mycorrhizae. Therefore, the present invention uses an organic source soil conditioner comprising organic materials obtained by processing kitchen waste, Glomus sphaeroides and Aspergillus niger, which can not only improve the tolerance of rice to heavy metal cadmium, but also can regionalize the accumulation of cadmium and reduce the transfer of cadmium. Therefore, after the high-phosphorus and high-cadmium soil is repaired, the effective cadmium content in the soil can be reduced, thereby reducing the accumulation of cadmium in rice grains, and the rice can reach the edible standard, with the potential for increasing production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of agricultural fertilizers, and in particular to an organic soil conditioner suitable for high-phosphorus and high-cadmium soils, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Rice is China's largest food crop. About 65% of the country's population relies on rice as their staple food. The safety and quality of rice are closely related to human health. At present, rice production is seriously threatened by cadmium-contaminated soil. Compared with other heavy metals, cadmium is more toxic to rice. Cadmium is more active and easily absorbed and enriched by rice. Heavy metal Cd accumulates in the soil through irrigation, and mainly accumulates in the 0-20 cm surface soil. The cadmium absorbed by the rice root system is loaded and transported by the xylem, and part of it accumulates in the rice ears, and the other part is transported to the rice leaves before heading. The toxicity of heavy metal accumulation to leaves is manifested in the inhibition of chlorophyll synthesis, causing leaf chlorosis, and heavy metal accumulation leads to excessive ROS (reactive oxygen species). Plant membranes, proteins, DNA and other macromolecules are damaged to varying degrees, resulting in cell damage, impaired plant functions, and crop yields. Under the action of the plant's own detoxification mechanism, the cadmium in the rice leaves is reactivated and transported to the panicle neck phloem, and accumulates in the rice grains during the mature stage, directly affecting human health.

[0003] The current rice-growing soil not only has excessive cadmium, but also presents a high-phosphorus environment, with an effective phosphorus content of more than 50 mg / kg. The main reasons for high soil phosphorus are: first, farmers are accustomed to using a large amount of superphosphate when planting, which not only causes high phosphorus in the soil, but also superphosphate usually contains more heavy metals, causing excessive cadmium in the soil; second, in soils with excessive heavy metal cadmium, conventional remediation methods will use more alkaline calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizers, which will also bring in more phosphorus and cause a high-phosphorus environment.

[0004] Although the industry currently advocates the use of microbial agents for soil remediation, many microbial agents are difficult to grow and infect rice roots to form symbiotic mycorrhizae in a high-phosphorus and high-cadmium environment, so it is difficult to achieve a better cadmium reduction effect. Summary of the invention

[0005] Based on the above problems, one of the objects of the present invention is to provide an organic source soil conditioner suitable for high-phosphorus and high-cadmium soils, which can form symbiotic mycorrhizae with infected rice roots, which not only improves the tolerance of rice to heavy metal cadmium, but also can regionalize the accumulation of cadmium and reduce the transfer of cadmium, thereby increasing rice yield.

[0006] The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing an organic soil conditioner suitable for high-phosphorus and high-cadmium soils, which has a simple preparation process and is convenient for industrial production.

[0007] The third object of the present invention is to provide an application of an organic source soil conditioner suitable for high-phosphorus and high-cadmium soil, which is easy to use in rice planting and can greatly improve the quality and yield of rice.

[0008] To achieve one of the above purposes, the present invention provides an organic source soil conditioner suitable for high-phosphorus and high-cadmium soil, wherein the effective phosphorus content in the soil is greater than or equal to 50 mg / kg, and the effective cadmium content is greater than or equal to 0.26 mg / kg. The organic source soil conditioner comprises 90 to 100 parts of organic materials obtained by processing kitchen waste, 1 to 5 parts of Glomus sphaeroides and 2 to 6 parts of Glomus sphaeroides by weight.

[0009] The organic soil conditioner used in the present invention has the following multiple beneficial effects.

[0010] First, the main ingredients are organic materials obtained from the treatment of kitchen waste, which have high organic matter and humic acid content, and have good chelation and adsorption effects on heavy metal cadmium, which can reduce the effective cadmium in the soil and reduce the absorption of cadmium by crops. In addition, a large amount of organic matter and humic acid can provide nutrients for the expansion of Glomus fasciatus and Glomus fasciatus.

[0011] Secondly, Glomus fasciatus and Glomus fasciatus are symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi that can coexist with the root systems of crops such as rice to form symbiotic mycorrhizae. They are a combination of functional bacteria that reduce the content of heavy metals (combined functional bacteria for reducing the content of heavy metals), which are specifically manifested as follows:

[0012] (1) The surface of mycorrhizae has a strong biological adsorption capacity for heavy metal cadmium, which can prevent excessive heavy metal cadmium ions from entering the crop root system, act as a physical barrier, and improve the tolerance of crops to heavy metals.

[0013] (2) Mycorrhizal cell wall and plasma membrane components such as chitin, cellulose and their derivatives can bind to heavy metal cadmium and fix it into the extraradical hyphae cell wall and plasma membrane to reduce the harm of heavy metals.

[0014] (3) The polyphosphate, organic acid and mucus secreted by the fungal cell wall in the functional bacteria tissues of the weight-reducing combination can bind to excess heavy metal cadmium, localize the heavy metal cadmium in the mycorrhizal cells, and reduce the transfer of heavy metal cadmium to the aboveground parts.

[0015] (4) The symbiotic fungi of S. cerevisiae and S. tenuifolia can also release acid phosphatase directly from their hyphae into the soil, promoting the absorption of phosphorus and forming cadmium phosphate with free cadmium in the roots, thus reducing the transfer of cadmium to the aboveground parts.

[0016] (5) Even if cadmium enters the roots of crops, the redox balance in the cells will be disrupted, generating reactive oxygen species. However, the symbiotic mycorrhizae can increase the superoxide dismutase in the crops, remove free radicals, avoid cell damage, increase the chlorophyll content in the leaves, and alleviate the cadmium stress of rice roots within a certain concentration range.

[0017] Third, the effective phosphorus content in the high-phosphorus and high-cadmium soil of the present invention is greater than or equal to 50mg / kg, and the effective cadmium content is greater than or equal to 0.26mg / kg. Based on this, the near-clear spherical fungus is selected, which is a symbiotic fungus resistant to high phosphorus, can grow and develop in soils with effective phosphorus greater than 50mg / kg, and can better infect rice roots to form symbiotic mycorrhizae. At the same time, the fine concave sessile spherical fungus has better resistance to heavy metal cadmium, and can better infect rice roots on soils contaminated with heavy metal cadmium to form symbiotic mycorrhizae. Therefore, even in high-phosphorus and high-cadmium environments, the weight-reducing combined functional bacteria formed by the near-clear spherical fungus and the fine concave sessile spherical fungus can be better grown and developed in this environment, and better infect rice roots to form symbiotic mycorrhizae, so not only improve the tolerance of rice to heavy metal cadmium, but also can regionalize cadmium accumulation and reduce the transfer of cadmium.

[0018] As an example, the organic soil conditioner suitable for high-phosphorus and high-cadmium soil includes 93-97 parts of organic materials obtained from kitchen waste, 1-3 parts of Glomus fasciatus and 2-5 parts of Aspergillus niger. Alternatively, it includes 95 parts of organic materials obtained from kitchen waste, 2 parts of Glomus fasciatus and 3 parts of Aspergillus niger.

[0019] As an embodiment, the organic material obtained by processing kitchen waste is obtained by fermenting the kitchen waste.

[0020] As an embodiment, the organic material obtained by treating kitchen waste is prepared by pre-treating and screening kitchen waste, mixing with aerobic fermentation composite microorganisms, adding 20-25% rice husk powder by weight of the kitchen waste, and fermenting in a biochemical furnace at 60-80° C. for 17-25 hours.

[0021] As an embodiment, the aerobic fermentation composite microorganisms account for 0.01-0.05% of the weight of the kitchen waste.

[0022] As an embodiment, the moisture content of the organic material obtained by processing kitchen waste is ≤12%.

[0023] To achieve the second of the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for preparing an organic soil conditioner suitable for high-phosphorus and high-cadmium soil. The method comprises cooling the organic material obtained by treating kitchen waste to below 40°C, adding the Glomus fasciatus and the Glomus fasciatus to mix evenly. The present invention only requires cooling the organic material to below 40°C to maintain the activity of the added Glomus fasciatus and the Glomus fasciatus, and mixing the two evenly. The preparation process is simple and convenient for industrial production.

[0024] To achieve the third objective, the present invention provides an application of an organic soil conditioner suitable for high-phosphorus and high-cadmium soil in rice planting. The rice planted by applying the organic soil conditioner for high-phosphorus and high-cadmium soil has higher quality and yield.

[0025] As an embodiment, 3-10 wt.% of the organic soil conditioner suitable for high-phosphorus and high-cadmium soil is added to the rice seedling medium, and 250-350 kg / mu of the organic soil conditioner suitable for high-phosphorus and high-cadmium soil is applied to the rice planting field, and the rice seedlings are planted after rotary tillage. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated below through specific implementation modes, but does not constitute any limitation to the present invention.

[0027] The organic source soil conditioner for high phosphorus and high cadmium soil of the present invention is suitable for rice planting. And the effective phosphorus content in the soil for rice planting is greater than or equal to 50 mg / kg, and the effective cadmium content is greater than or equal to 0.26 mg / kg. The effective phosphorus content in the soil may be, but not limited to, 50 mg / kg, 55 mg / kg, 60 mg / kg, 65 mg / kg, and 70 mg / kg, and the effective cadmium content may be, but not limited to, 0.26 mg / kg, 0.27 mg / kg, 0.28 mg / kg, 0.29 mg / kg, 0.3 mg / kg, 0.31 mg / kg, and 0.32 mg / kg. 3 to 10 wt.% of the organic source soil conditioner may be added to the rice seedling matrix first, and 250 to 350 kg / mu of the organic source soil conditioner may be applied in the rice planting field, and the rice seedlings may be planted after rotary tillage. The rice seedling matrix may be a liquid matrix or a solid matrix. The content of organic soil conditioner in rice seedling medium can be 3wt.%, 4wt.%, 5wt.%, 6wt.%, 7wt.%, 8wt.%, 9wt.%, 10wt.%. The content in rice planting field can be but not limited to 250kg / mu, 260kg / mu, 270kg / mu, 280kg / mu, 290kg / mu, 300kg / mu, 310kg / mu, 320kg / mu, 330kg / mu, 340kg / mu, 350kg / mu.

[0028] In parts by weight, the organic source soil conditioner suitable for high-phosphorus and high-cadmium soil comprises 90-100 parts of organic materials obtained from kitchen waste treatment, 1-5 parts of Glomus fasciatus and 2-6 parts of Aspergillus niger. Glomus fasciatus and Aspergillus niger can be sourced from the market. The content of organic materials obtained from kitchen waste treatment can be, but not limited to, 90 parts, 91 parts, 92 parts, 93 parts, 94 parts, 95 parts, 96 parts, 97 parts, 98 parts, 99 parts, 100 parts, and can be 95 parts as an example. The content of Glomus fasciatus can be, but not limited to, 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts, and can be 2 parts as an example. The content of Aspergillus niger can be, but not limited to, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts, and 6 parts, and can be 3 parts as an example.

[0029] The organic material obtained by treating kitchen waste is obtained by fermenting the kitchen waste. Specifically, the organic material obtained by treating kitchen waste is prepared by pre-treating and screening the kitchen waste, mixing it with aerobic fermentation composite microorganisms, adding 20-25% rice husk powder by weight of the kitchen waste, and then fermenting it in a biochemical furnace at 60-80° C. for 17-25 hours. The addition of rice husk powder can increase air permeability and accelerate the process of aerobic fermentation. The aerobic fermentation composite microorganisms account for 0.01-0.05% of the weight of the food waste, specifically but not limited to 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, which can be conventional bacterial agents on the market, specifically at least two of Bacillus licheniformis, Paenibacillus larvae, Bacillus natto, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Vibrio proteolyticus, Trichoderma reesei, Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Monascus. The moisture content of the organic material obtained by treating the food waste is ≤12%.

[0030] The preparation method of the organic source soil conditioner for high-phosphorus and high-cadmium soil of the present invention comprises: cooling the organic material obtained by treating kitchen waste to below 40°C, adding Glomus fasciatus and Glomus fasciatus to mix evenly.

[0031] The foliar cadmium-reducing conditioner of the present invention and its application and use method will be described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. Among them, the Glomus fasciatus is derived from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Management Center, and the collection number is CGMCC No. 18593. The Glomus fasciatus is derived from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Management Center, and the collection number is CGMCC No. 19905. Glomus fasciatus and Glomus fasciatus can be provided by the "Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Germplasm Resource Bank" of the Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences. The aerobic fermentation composite microorganisms involved in the embodiments can be a mixture of Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus natto and Bacillus subtilis in a weight ratio of 1:1:1, and Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus natto and Bacillus subtilis can be derived from Beijing Preservation Biotechnology Co., Ltd., but are not limited to the combination of the above-mentioned bacterial agents in actual use.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] The organic soil conditioner comprises 95 parts of organic materials obtained by processing kitchen waste, 2 parts of Glomus fasciatus and 3 parts of Glomus fasciatus. The moisture content of the organic materials obtained by processing kitchen waste is ≤12%, and the kitchen waste is used as a raw material, and is pre-treated and sieved, and aerobic fermentation composite microorganisms accounting for 0.02% of the weight of the kitchen waste are added (mixed, and then 22% of rice husk powder accounting for 22% of the weight of the kitchen waste are added and mixed, and then fermented in a biochemical furnace at 65°C for 22 hours to obtain the organic soil conditioner.

[0034] Example 2

[0035] The organic soil conditioner comprises 90 parts of organic materials obtained by processing kitchen waste, 5 parts of Glomerella sphaerocephala and 5 parts of Sessile sphaerocephala in parts by weight. The moisture content of the organic materials obtained by processing kitchen waste is ≤12%, and the kitchen waste is used as a raw material, and is pre-treated and sieved, and aerobic fermentation composite microorganisms accounting for 0.03% of the weight of the kitchen waste are added to mix, and then rice husk powder accounting for 22% of the weight of the kitchen waste is added to mix, and then fermented in a biochemical furnace at 65°C for 22 hours to obtain the organic soil conditioner.

[0036] Example 3

[0037] The organic soil conditioner comprises 96 parts of organic materials obtained by processing kitchen waste, 2 parts of Glomus fasciatus and 2 parts of Aspergillus niger. The moisture content of the organic materials obtained by processing kitchen waste is ≤12%, and the kitchen waste is used as a raw material, and is pre-treated and sieved, and aerobic fermentation composite microorganisms accounting for 0.02% of the weight of the kitchen waste are added to mix, and then 25% of rice husk powder accounting for 25% of the weight of the kitchen waste are added to mix, and then fermented in a biochemical furnace at 75°C for 18 hours to obtain the organic soil conditioner.

[0038] Comparative Example 1

[0039] Organic soil conditioner is an organic material obtained by processing kitchen waste. Its moisture content is ≤12%, and the kitchen waste is used as raw material, and after pretreatment and screening, 0.02% of the weight of the kitchen waste is added with aerobic fermentation composite microorganisms, and then 22% of the weight of the kitchen waste is added with rice husk powder, and then fermented in a biochemical furnace at 65°C for 22 hours.

[0040] Comparative Example 2

[0041] In terms of weight, the organic soil conditioner comprises 98 parts of organic materials obtained by processing kitchen waste and 2 parts of Glomus fasciatus. The moisture content of the organic materials obtained by processing kitchen waste is ≤12%, and the kitchen waste is used as a raw material, and is pre-treated and sieved, and aerobic fermentation composite microorganisms accounting for 0.02% of the weight of the kitchen waste are added to mix, and then rice husk powder accounting for 22% of the weight of the kitchen waste is added to mix, and then fermented in a biochemical furnace at 65°C for 22 hours to obtain the organic soil conditioner.

[0042] Comparative Example 3

[0043] The organic soil conditioner comprises 97 parts of organic materials obtained by processing kitchen waste and 3 parts of Aspergillus niger. The moisture content of the organic materials obtained by processing kitchen waste is ≤12%, and the kitchen waste is used as a raw material, and is pre-treated and sieved, and aerobic fermentation composite microorganisms accounting for 0.02% of the weight of the kitchen waste are added to mix, and then rice husk powder accounting for 22% of the weight of the kitchen waste is added to mix, and then fermented in a biochemical furnace at 65°C for 22 hours to obtain the organic soil conditioner.

[0044] Comparative Example 4

[0045] The organic soil conditioner comprises 95 parts of organic materials obtained by processing kitchen waste, 2 parts of Glomus mosesii and 3 parts of Glomus honey. The moisture content of the organic materials obtained by processing kitchen waste is ≤12%, and the kitchen waste is used as a raw material, and is pre-treated and sieved, and aerobic fermentation composite microorganisms accounting for 0.02% of the weight of the kitchen waste are added to mix, and then rice husk powder accounting for 22% of the weight of the kitchen waste is added to mix, and then fermented in a biochemical furnace at 65°C for 22 hours to obtain the organic soil conditioner.

[0046] 5wt.% of the organic soil conditioner of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 was added to the rice seedling matrix to obtain rice seedlings one to seven. 300kg / mu of the organic soil conditioner of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 was applied to the rice planting field (with an effective phosphorus content of 55mg / kg), and the corresponding rice seedlings one to seven were planted after rotary tillage. The rice seedlings cultivated without adding the organic soil conditioner to the rice seedling matrix were used as blank tests, and the organic soil conditioner was not applied to the corresponding rice planting field. Finally, the cadmium content in the rice grains, the rice yield, the total amount of cadmium in the soil and the effective cadmium content, and the pH value of the soil were detected when the rice was mature, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0047] Table 1 Rice quality and yield results

[0048]

[0049] From the results in Table 1, it can be seen that the organic source soil conditioners of Examples 1 to 3 are added with Glomus clavatus and Aspergillus niger on the basis of organic materials obtained by processing kitchen waste. After planting rice, the total amount of cadmium in the soil does not change, the effective cadmium content in the soil is reduced by at least 25.0%, the cadmium content in the rice is reduced by at least 26.9%, and reaches the national standard of 0.2 mg / kg or less, and the rice yield is increased by at least 30 kg / mu, and the increase is at least 5.45%. Therefore, it can be explained that after the organic source soil conditioner containing organic materials obtained by processing kitchen waste, Glomus clavatus and Aspergillus niger of the present invention is used to repair high-phosphorus and high-cadmium soil, the effective cadmium content in the soil is reduced, the accumulation of cadmium in rice grains is reduced, the edible standard is reached, and there is a potential for increasing yield.

[0050] Although the Glomus mosseae and the Sessile Sophora honey used in Comparative Example 4 are also symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi, they are difficult to grow and infect rice roots to form symbiotic mycorrhiza in a high-phosphorus environment with an effective phosphorus content of 55 mg / kg, so their cadmium reduction effect is limited.

[0051] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications and variations of these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles disclosed herein.

Claims

1. Application of an organic soil conditioner suitable for high-phosphorus and high-cadmium soil in rice planting, characterized in that: 3-10 wt.% of the organic soil conditioner suitable for high-phosphorus and high-cadmium soil is added to the rice seedling medium, and 250-350 kg / mu of the organic soil conditioner suitable for high-phosphorus and high-cadmium soil is applied to the rice planting field, and the rice seedlings are planted after rotary tillage. The effective phosphorus content of the rice planting field is greater than or equal to 50 mg / kg, and the effective cadmium content is greater than or equal to 0.26 mg / kg. In terms of weight, the organic soil conditioner comprises The invention comprises 90-100 parts of organic materials obtained by treating kitchen waste, 1-5 parts of Glomus fasciatus and 2-6 parts of Aspergillus niger. The organic materials obtained by treating kitchen waste are prepared by pre-treating and sieving kitchen waste, mixing with aerobic fermentation composite microorganisms, adding rice husk powder accounting for 20-25% of the weight of the kitchen waste, and fermenting in a biochemical furnace at 60-80° C. for 17-25 hours. The preservation number of the Glomus fasciatus is CGMCC No.18593, and the preservation number of the Aspergillus niger is CGMCC No.19905.

2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: It includes 93~97 parts of organic materials obtained from processed food waste, 1~3 parts of Glomus acuminatum and 2~5 parts of Sessile Aspergillus niger.

3. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aerobic fermentation composite microorganisms account for 0.01-0.05% of the weight of the kitchen waste.

4. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moisture content of the organic material obtained by treating kitchen waste is ≤12%.

5. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: include: After the organic material obtained by treating the kitchen waste is cooled to below 40° C., the Glomus fasciatus and the Glomus fasciatus are added and mixed evenly.

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