Method for degrading vomitoxin in wheat through cooperation of sodium bicarbonate and low-temperature plasma

Abstract

The invention provides a method for degrading vomitoxin in wheat through cooperation of sodium bicarbonate and low-temperature plasma, and the method comprises the following steps: adding sodium bicarbonate into wheat polluted by mycotoxin, and uniformly mixing to obtain pretreated wheat; the pretreated wheat is subjected to low-temperature plasma treatment, carbon dioxide is generated through decomposition of sodium bicarbonate, more active particles are provided for the reaction process, the vomitoxin removing efficiency of the low-temperature plasma is improved, meanwhile, the sodium bicarbonate can improve the PH value of the surface of the wheat, and the fatty acid value in the storage process is inhibited from rising; therefore, the freshness in the storage process is maintained. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the sodium bicarbonate is added to pretreat the wheat, so that the degradation rate is improved, the energy consumption is reduced, and the quality of the wheat is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural product processing, and in particular to a method for degrading vomitoxin in wheat in combination with sodium bicarbonate and low-temperature plasma. Background Art

[0002] DON is one of the type B trichothecene mycotoxins produced by Fusarium and is commonly found in wheat. DON not only affects the quality of wheat, but also has potential health risks, causing loss of appetite and vomiting. In addition, DON also has hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, immunotoxicity, genotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop effective and safe methods to remove DON.

[0003] The methods currently proposed to remove vomitoxin from contaminated wheat include chemical, physical, and biological methods. However, these methods cannot meet the needs of food safety, especially the safety of reaction products, and it is difficult to maintain the nutritional value and taste of the food itself while reducing or converting toxins into non-toxic compounds.

[0004] As a non-thermal processing technology, low-temperature plasma has many advantages, such as little impact on food quality, environmental friendliness, and no residue after processing. However, the current use of low-temperature plasma to degrade vomitoxin in wheat still has problems such as low degradation efficiency and high energy consumption, and the nutritional value and taste of wheat itself will also be affected. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for degrading vomitoxin in wheat by using sodium bicarbonate in combination with low-temperature plasma in order to address the deficiencies in the prior art. By adding sodium bicarbonate to pretreat the wheat, the degradation rate can be increased while reducing energy consumption and ensuring the quality of the wheat itself.

[0006] According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for degrading vomitoxin in wheat using sodium bicarbonate in combination with low-temperature plasma, comprising:

[0007] adding sodium bicarbonate to wheat contaminated by mycotoxins and mixing the mixture evenly to obtain pretreated wheat;

[0008] The pretreated wheat is treated with low-temperature plasma, and active particles are provided by sodium bicarbonate to improve the efficiency of low-temperature plasma in removing vomitoxin.

[0009] As an optional implementation manner, the amount of sodium bicarbonate added is 0.2% to 0.8% of the mass of wheat.

[0010] As an optional embodiment, the specific process of subjecting the pretreated wheat to low-temperature plasma treatment includes:

[0011] Place the pretreated wheat sample into the low-temperature plasma cold sterilization device to ensure that the wheat can be fully exposed to the plasma action area, set the equipment parameters, start the low-temperature plasma sterilization device, and allow the plasma to react with sodium bicarbonate and wheat.

[0012] As an optional embodiment, the voltage of the low-temperature plasma treatment is 10 kV to 100 kV.

[0013] As an optional implementation, the spacing between the plates treated with low temperature plasma is 10 mm to 80 mm.

[0014] As an optional implementation, the discharge time of the low-temperature plasma treatment is 1 s to 30 min.

[0015] As an optional implementation, the discharge frequency of the low-temperature plasma treatment is 10 Hz to 200 Hz.

[0016] According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided wheat treated by the aforementioned method.

[0017] According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a use of the aforementioned method in preventing wheat from being contaminated by toxins.

[0018] It can be seen from the above technical solutions of the present invention that the method for degrading vomitoxin in wheat by using sodium bicarbonate in combination with low-temperature plasma proposed by the present invention pre-treats the wheat by adding sodium bicarbonate, and produces carbon dioxide through the decomposition of sodium bicarbonate, which provides more active particles for the reaction process, improves the efficiency of removing vomitoxin by low-temperature plasma, and establishes a first-order degradation kinetic model, which is beneficial to the control of the degradation reaction;

[0019] On the other hand, sodium bicarbonate can increase the pH value on the surface of wheat and inhibit the increase of fatty acid value during storage, thereby maintaining freshness during storage. Sodium bicarbonate is a safe and non-toxic food additive, which is green and safe.

[0020] The present invention uses sodium bicarbonate to improve the efficiency of low-temperature plasma in removing vomitoxin in wheat, which can reduce the energy consumption when using low-temperature plasma treatment alone to a certain extent, has positive significance for energy saving, and is expected to make low-temperature plasma a practical technology for degrading fungal toxins. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 The present invention is a process flow chart of the method for degrading vomitoxin in wheat using sodium bicarbonate in conjunction with low-temperature plasma.

[0022] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the degradation results of wheat containing 1000 ppb vomitoxin treated with low-temperature plasma at different sodium bicarbonate ratios in an example of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the degradation results of wheat containing 1500 ppb vomitoxin treated with low-temperature plasma at different sodium bicarbonate ratios in an example of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the degradation results of wheat containing 2000 ppb vomitoxin treated with low-temperature plasma at different sodium bicarbonate ratios in an example of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 This is the first-order reaction kinetic rate equation of the degradation of vomitoxin by low-temperature plasma at different sodium bicarbonate ratios in the examples of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, specific embodiments are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0027] Various aspects of the present invention are described in this disclosure with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which many illustrative embodiments are shown. The embodiments of the present disclosure are not necessarily intended to include all aspects of the present invention. It should be understood that the various concepts and embodiments introduced above, as well as those described in more detail below, can be implemented in any of many ways.

[0028] Combination Figure 1 As shown, in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a method for degrading vomitoxin in wheat by using sodium bicarbonate in combination with low-temperature plasma is provided, comprising:

[0029] adding sodium bicarbonate to wheat contaminated by mycotoxins and mixing the mixture evenly to obtain pretreated wheat;

[0030] The pretreated wheat is treated with low-temperature plasma, and sodium bicarbonate is used to provide active particles to improve the efficiency of low-temperature plasma in removing vomitoxin. At the same time, sodium bicarbonate is used to inhibit the increase of fatty acid value to ensure the quality of wheat.

[0031] As an optional example, the amount of sodium bicarbonate added is 0.2% to 0.8% of the mass of the wheat, for example, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, or 0.8%.

[0032] As an optional example, the specific process of subjecting the pretreated wheat to low-temperature plasma treatment includes:

[0033] Place the pretreated wheat sample into the low-temperature plasma cold sterilization device to ensure that the wheat can be fully exposed to the plasma action area, set the equipment parameters, start the low-temperature plasma sterilization device, and allow the plasma to react with sodium bicarbonate and wheat.

[0034] Sodium bicarbonate gradually decomposes into active particle carbon dioxide during the reaction, which significantly improves the efficiency of low-temperature plasma in removing vomitoxin. At the same time, it conforms to the first-order degradation kinetic model, that is, as the amount of sodium bicarbonate added increases, the degradation efficiency gradually increases; and sodium bicarbonate can increase the pH value of the wheat surface and inhibit the increase of fatty acid value during storage, thereby maintaining freshness during storage.

[0035] As an optional example, the voltage of the low-temperature plasma treatment is 10 kV to 100 kV.

[0036] As an optional example, the distance between the plates treated with low temperature plasma is 10 mm to 80 mm.

[0037] As an optional example, the discharge time of the low-temperature plasma treatment is 1 second to 30 minutes.

[0038] As an optional example, the discharge frequency of the low-temperature plasma treatment is 10 Hz to 200 Hz.

[0039] In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wheat treated by the aforementioned method is provided.

[0040] In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, an application of the aforementioned method in preventing wheat toxin contamination is provided. In other examples of the present invention, vomitoxin can be extracted by direct extraction-dSPE cleanup method and determined by external standard method.

[0041] In other examples of the present invention, in the process of establishing the aforementioned method, a series of data are tested through simulation experiments, and a kinetic model is established by analyzing the data, which conforms to the first-level degradation kinetic model, so that the reaction rate can be regulated as needed during the actual degradation process, providing guidance for actual degradation.

[0042] It can be understood that the wheat in the present invention refers to wheat grains.

[0043] For better understanding, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with several specific examples, but the preparation process is not limited thereto, and the content of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0044] Unless otherwise specified, the materials in the examples were prepared according to existing methods or directly purchased from the market.

[0045] Materials used in the following examples include:

[0046] Wheat: Wheat without DON was used as the treatment object;

[0047] DON standard: Deoxynivalenol analytical standard solution (10 μg / mL) was selected;

[0048] Sodium bicarbonate: analytically pure solid.

[0049] The instruments used include:

[0050] Plasma cold sterilization equipment: Nanjing Suman Technology Plasma Technology Co., Ltd. This equipment has the function of generating plasma, adjusting voltage and other parameters, and appropriate space to accommodate the processed samples;

[0051] UPLC H-Class / Xevo TQ-S liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry: This device can accurately and efficiently determine the content of vomitoxin in multiple samples after obtaining a standard curve by measuring the standard solution;

[0052] Laboratory supplies: including containers, labels, filters, and syringes.

[0053] Example 1

[0054] [Simulation sample preparation]

[0055] Choose wheat that does not contain DON and ensure it is of good quality; weigh the wheat kernels accurately, 30g per portion.

[0056] Spray the standard solution of vomitoxin standard evenly on the surface of wheat. To make 30g of wheat into 1000ppb, 3mL of 10000ug / L vomitoxin standard should be added, 4.5mL for 1500ppb and 6mL for 2000ppb. Mix well and let dry naturally until wheat containing 1000ppb, 1500ppb and 2000ppb of vomitoxin is obtained, which are respectively recorded as sample 1 (containing 1000 micrograms of vomitoxin per kilogram of wheat), sample 2 (containing 1500 micrograms of vomitoxin per kilogram of wheat) and sample 3 (containing 2000 micrograms of vomitoxin per kilogram of wheat).

[0057] Example 2

[0058] [Sodium bicarbonate combined with low-temperature plasma treatment]

[0059] Divide sample 1, sample 2 and sample 3 into 5 equal parts, and add 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8% of sodium bicarbonate respectively, mix well, and record them as sample 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, sample 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4, 2-5, sample 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, 3-4, 3-5 respectively.

[0060] The samples treated with sodium bicarbonate were placed in a low-temperature plasma cold sterilization device to ensure that the wheat could be fully exposed to the plasma action area for treatment. The same equipment parameters (voltage 80kV, frequency 145Hz, plate spacing 65mm, treatment time 10min) were set for each batch to control the uniformity of different treatment processes. The low-temperature plasma sterilization device was started to allow the plasma to react with sodium bicarbonate and wheat.

[0061] Example 3

[0062] [Determination of DON in any sample]

[0063] The sample was crushed using a grinder, 2.500 g of wheat flour was weighed into a 50 mL centrifuge tube, 10 mL of acetonitrile-water-acetic acid (80:19:1, v / v / v) was added, shaken for 2 min, and placed at 4 °C for 15 min.

[0064] Take 3 mL of supernatant and add it to a 7 mL centrifuge tube containing 0.5 g of dispersed solid phase extraction filler, vortex for 2 min, and centrifuge at 10000 r / min for 1 min.

[0065] Take 1 mL of the supernatant and filter it through a 0.22 μm organic filter membrane as the test solution.

[0066] Using existing chromatographic and mass spectrometric conditions,

[0067] Chromatographic conditions: Waters ACQUITY UPLC liquid phase system, separation by reverse phase chromatography column ACQUITY UPLC BEHC18 (1.7 μm, 2.1 mm × 100 mm), mobile phase A was 0.1% formic acid-water, phase B was acetonitrile, column temperature was 40 ° C, 0.5 μL injection, flow rate was 0.4 mL / min;

[0068] Mass spectrometry conditions: Waters Xevo TQ-S mass spectrometer system was used for detection, ESI+ ionization mode, capillary voltage was set to 3KV, temperature was 500°C, nebulizer gas flow rate was 1000L / Hr, and MRM (multiple reaction monitoring) acquisition mode was used;

[0069] The concentration gradient of vomitoxin standard working solution was 100 μg / L, 200 μg / L, 500 μg / L, 1000 μg / L, and 2000 μg / L by liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry to obtain a standard curve Y=128.088*x+32.0075, R 2 is 0.9998.

[0070] Afterwards, the test solution is measured and the content of DON is obtained according to the standard curve.

[0071] According to the above method, the content of vomitoxin in samples 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, samples 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4, 2-5, and samples 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, 3-4, and 3-5 after treatment was obtained.

[0072] Example 4

[0073] [Degradation rate of vomitoxin]

[0074] The degradation rate of DON can be calculated according to the following formula:

[0075]

[0076] Where, C0: initial content of vomitoxin; C t :Content of vomitoxin after low-temperature plasma treatment

[0077] According to the formula, we can get:

[0078] When the initial concentration of DON was 1000 ppb, the degradation rates of samples 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, and 1-5 were 52.88%, 64.73%, 69.82%, 70.94%, and 71.93%, respectively.

[0079] When the initial concentration was 1500 ppb, the degradation rates of samples 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4, and 2-5 were 58.97%, 68.41%, 73.80%, 78.98%, and 80.54%, respectively.

[0080] When the initial concentration was 2000 ppb, the degradation rates of samples 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, 3-4, and 3-5 were 58.62%, 66.27%, 74.99%, 77.63%, and 80.16%, respectively.

[0081] From the above results, combined with Figure 2-4 It can be seen that the degradation effect of vomitoxin in the sample without sodium bicarbonate is obviously not as good as that in the sample with sodium bicarbonate. This proves that sodium bicarbonate cooperates with low-temperature plasma to degrade vomitoxin in wheat and significantly improves the efficiency of low-temperature plasma in removing vomitoxin.

[0082] Example 5

[0083] [Reaction Kinetics]

[0084] The reaction kinetics of low-temperature plasma degradation of vomitoxin was explored according to the first-order reaction rate equation. Pseudo-reaction rate equation:

[0085]

[0086] After integrating both sides of the above formula, we get

[0087] C Δ =C0e -kΔ

[0088] Among them, r: reaction rate, C0: initial concentration of reaction, k: reaction rate constant, Δ: sodium bicarbonate ratio

[0089] The degradation kinetic equation, correlation coefficient, reaction rate parameter and significance analysis of low temperature plasma degradation of vomitoxin were obtained by origin statistical analysis, as shown in Table 1 and Figure 5 shown.

[0090] Table 1 Sodium bicarbonate ratio-degradation kinetic parameters of DON

[0091]

[0092] "*" indicates a statistically significant difference when p≤0.05, "-" indicates no statistically significant difference when p≤0.05

[0093] The results showed that the correlation coefficient R of low temperature plasma degradation of vomitoxin 2 There are significant differences with the kinetic equation at p≤0.05. As can be seen from the table, the effect of sodium bicarbonate ratio on the degradation of vomitoxin in wheat by low-temperature plasma conforms to the first-order degradation kinetic model, that is, within the safe use range, the higher the sodium bicarbonate ratio, the higher the degradation efficiency, so the reaction rate can be regulated as needed.

[0094] Although the present invention has been disclosed as above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. A person with ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention belongs may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be determined by the definition of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for degrading vomitoxin in wheat using sodium bicarbonate and low-temperature plasma, characterized in that: include: adding sodium bicarbonate to wheat contaminated by mycotoxins and mixing the mixture evenly to obtain pretreated wheat; The pretreated wheat is treated with low-temperature plasma, and active particles are provided by sodium bicarbonate to improve the efficiency of low-temperature plasma in removing vomitoxin.

2. The method for degrading vomitoxin in wheat by using sodium bicarbonate in combination with low-temperature plasma according to claim 1, characterized in that: The added amount of the sodium bicarbonate is 0.2% to 0.8% of the mass of the wheat.

3. The method for degrading vomitoxin in wheat by using sodium bicarbonate in combination with low-temperature plasma according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of subjecting the pretreated wheat to low-temperature plasma treatment includes: Place the pretreated wheat sample into the low-temperature plasma cold sterilization device to ensure that the wheat can be fully exposed to the plasma action area, set the equipment parameters, start the low-temperature plasma sterilization device, and allow the plasma to react with sodium bicarbonate and wheat.

4. The method for degrading vomitoxin in wheat by using sodium bicarbonate in combination with low-temperature plasma according to claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage of low temperature plasma treatment is 10 kV to 100 kV.

5. The method for degrading vomitoxin in wheat by using sodium bicarbonate in combination with low-temperature plasma according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the plates treated with low temperature plasma is 10mm to 80mm.

6. The method for degrading vomitoxin in wheat by using sodium bicarbonate in combination with low-temperature plasma according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge time of low-temperature plasma treatment is 1s to 30min.

7. The method for degrading vomitoxin in wheat by using sodium bicarbonate in combination with low-temperature plasma according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge frequency of low temperature plasma treatment is 10 Hz to 200 Hz.

8. Wheat treated by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in preventing wheat from being contaminated by toxins.

Images