Preparation device and preparation method of neutron absorption composite material

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation device and a preparation method of a neutron absorption composite material. The invention provides a preparation device of a neutron absorption composite material, which comprises a raw material spheroidal graphite sieving machine, a stirring mixer, a blank pressing machine, a high-temperature forming machine, a cooling machine, a milling machine tool, a finished product cutting machine and a control box. The method specifically comprises the following steps: step 1, ball-milling and sieving raw materials of the neutron absorption composite material; 2, stirring and mixing the neutron absorption composite material; step 3, pressing a blank of the powder slurry; 4, performing high-temperature hot press molding on the blank; 5, cooling the neutron absorption composite material plate; 6, milling the surface of the neutron absorption composite material; and 7, cutting a finished product of the neutron absorption composite material. The physical and chemical properties of the neutron absorption composite material are more stable, the preparation method is advanced and reasonable in process, continuous and compact, data are detailed and accurate, and the material is reasonable in proportion and has stable chemical and physical properties and mechanical properties.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of neutron absorption and shielding material preparation and application, and in particular relates to a preparation device and a preparation method of a neutron absorption composite material. Background Art

[0002] The growing development of the atomic energy industry is accompanied by safety hazards such as nuclear leakage and nuclear radiation. Among several nuclear radiation particles, neutrons and gamma rays are more difficult to shield. In particular, neutrons, as electrically neutral particles, are not affected by Coulomb force, have strong penetrability, and will produce secondary gamma rays during the collision process. They are the focus of modern nuclear radiation protection research. Aluminum alloys are widely used in the field of nuclear protection because of their good machinability, corrosion resistance and nuclear radiation resistance. In order to further improve the nuclear shielding ability of components, some scholars have added borides with neutron absorption ability to aluminum alloys to form aluminum-based composite protective materials. When boride is used as the second phase, B has a large thermal neutron absorption cross section, has a good shielding effect on neutrons, strong corrosion resistance, and good radiation resistance. Compared with traditional aluminum alloys, aluminum-based composite materials have higher strength, wear resistance and neutron absorption effect, and have become a substitute for traditional aluminum alloys. They have been used in nuclear power plant spent fuel storage pools, transport containers, radiation shielding of important civil air defense works, and personal protection of production operators.

[0003] Nuclear power is the clean energy with the most development prospects. Nuclear power plants are nuclear power factories. The materials used are nuclear radioactive substances, which are extremely radioactive and extremely harmful to the environment, humans and animals.

[0004] How to carry out nuclear protection and prevent nuclear pollution is a complex research topic. Nuclear power plants use a variety of nuclear fuel rods and spent fuel rods, and in large quantities. How to store and transport these nuclear fuel rods and spent fuel rods has become a major problem. During the storage and transportation process, neutrons will be emitted outward, and even reactions may occur inside the nuclear fuel rods and spent fuel rods, causing melting.

[0005] With the development of science and technology, the requirements for materials in technical fields such as aviation, aerospace, electronics, automobiles, communications, military industry, nuclear power plants, etc. are getting higher and higher. Traditional single structural materials can no longer meet the needs of light weight and high strength. The composite material has become an important direction for material development. Metal-based composite materials have attracted widespread attention from the scientific and technological community because of their high specific strength, high specific modulus, excellent wear resistance, dimensional stability, good fatigue resistance, and small thermal expansion coefficient.

[0006] However, the existing preparation and production methods of neutron absorption composite materials still have the problem that the reinforcement phase of the neutron absorption composite material is unevenly distributed or the high temperature resistant mechanical strength is not high.

[0007] In view of this, it is very necessary to invent a preparation device and a preparation method of a neutron absorption composite material. Summary of the invention

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a preparation device and a preparation method of a neutron absorption composite material to solve the problems mentioned in the background technology.

[0009] A preparation device for neutron absorption composite materials, comprising a raw material spheroidal graphite screening machine, a stirring and mixing machine, a blank pressing machine, a high temperature forming machine, a cooling and cooling machine, a milling surface processing machine, a finished product cutting machine and a control box, wherein the raw material spheroidal graphite screening machine, the stirring and mixing machine, the blank pressing machine, the high temperature forming machine, the cooling and cooling machine, the milling surface processing machine and the finished product cutting machine are electrically connected to the control box respectively; the raw material spheroidal graphite screening machine can grind and trim the raw materials for making neutron absorption composite materials: aluminum powder, boron carbide powder, silicon powder, and light rare earth powder to obtain a raw material powder mixture; the stirring and mixing machine adds the raw material powder mixture into an organic solvent, and performs mechanical stirring and ultrasonic dispersion treatment, so that the agglomeration between the particles of the raw material powder mixture is completely scattered to form the nanoparticle suspension; wherein: the mechanical stirring The time for ultrasonic dispersion treatment is 1-15min to obtain a nanoparticle suspension; the blank pressing machine performs preliminary pressing and molding on the nanoparticle suspension to obtain a blank of the neutron absorbing composite material; the high-temperature molding machine performs high-temperature molding operation on the blank of the neutron absorbing composite material, the drying temperature is set between 300-400°C, and the drying time is 1-12h, and the vacuum degree is 0.1-10Kpa, so as to obtain a blank block of the neutron absorbing composite material; the cooling machine is used to cool the temperature for 5-10h to room temperature; the blank block of the neutron absorbing composite material is placed on a milling surface processing machine to grind the edge; according to different use scenarios of the neutron absorbing composite material, the finished product cutting machine is used to cut it into suitable blocks for finished product packaging and use.

[0010] Preferably, the raw material spheroidal graphite screening machine has a rotation speed of 200 r / min, a screen mesh number of 650 meshes, ball milling and screening are repeated, and after ball milling, a mixed fine powder is obtained, and the particle size of the mixed fine powder is ≤0.02 mm.

[0011] Preferably, the billet pressing machine includes an upper shell, an oil pressure column, an intermediate pressing shell, a directional sliding column, a billet forming mold, a bottom supporting power shell, a control cabinet and a connecting line. The oil pressure column is bolted to the interior of the upper shell and is clamped with the intermediate pressing shell; the directional sliding column is bolted between the intermediate pressing shell and the bottom supporting power shell; the billet forming mold is bolted to the lower end of the oil pressure column; the control cabinet is independently arranged on one side of the bottom supporting power shell; the connecting line is threadedly connected to the upper part of the upper shell and the rear part of the control cabinet.

[0012] Preferably, the blank forming mold further comprises a forming shell lower base, an absorption hole forming column, a material extrusion cavity and a seepage discharge hole, wherein the absorption hole forming column is integrally arranged on the upper part of the forming shell lower base; the material extrusion cavity is arranged in the gap between the forming shell lower base and the absorption hole forming column; the seepage discharge hole is opened on the lower right side of the forming shell lower base and is connected to the interior of the material extrusion cavity.

[0013] Preferably, the milling machine tool includes a milling machine body, a support column, a support auxiliary cabinet, a controller, a support movable plate, a lifting column and an L-arm, the support columns are respectively bolted to the four corners of the lower part of the milling machine body; the support auxiliary cabinet is bolted to the lower middle position of the milling machine body; the controller is screwed to the front right side of the milling machine body; the support movable plate is bolted to the upper left side of the milling machine body; the lifting column is bolted to the upper right middle position of the milling machine body; the L-arm is bolted to the upper output end of the lifting column; the inner side screw of the L-arm is connected to the moving belt, the inner left side bolt of the L-arm is connected to the milling motor, and the output end key of the milling motor is connected to the milling grinding wheel.

[0014] Preferably, the supporting movable plate further comprises a neutron absorbing composite material milling surface processing table, a material leakage vent, a neutron absorbing composite material loading roller and a neutron absorbing composite material unloading roller, the material leakage vent is opened inside the neutron absorbing composite material milling surface processing table; the neutron absorbing composite material loading roller is embedded in the right side of the inside of the neutron absorbing composite material milling surface processing table; the neutron absorbing composite material unloading roller is embedded in the left side of the inside of the neutron absorbing composite material milling surface processing table.

[0015] In addition, the present invention also provides a method for preparing a neutron absorbing composite material, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: ball milling and screening of raw materials of neutron absorbing composite materials;

[0017] Step 2: stirring and mixing the neutron absorbing composite material;

[0018] Step 3: Blank pressing of powder slurry;

[0019] Step 4: high temperature hot pressing of the blank;

[0020] Step 5: Cooling of the neutron absorbing composite material plate;

[0021] Step 6: Milling of neutron absorbing composite materials;

[0022] Step 7: Finished cutting of neutron absorbing composite material.

[0023] Preferably, in step one, the raw materials for making the neutron absorbing composite material: aluminum powder, boron carbide powder, silicon powder, and light rare earth powder are added to a raw material spheroidal graphite screening machine, and polished and trimmed to obtain a raw material powder mixture; the raw material spheroidal graphite screening machine has a rotation speed of 200r / min, a screen mesh number of 650 mesh, ball milling and screening are repeatedly performed, and a mixed fine powder is obtained after ball milling, and the particle size of the mixed fine powder is ≤0.02mm.

[0024] Preferably, in step 2, the raw powder mixture of step 1 is added to an organic solvent, and mechanical stirring and ultrasonic dispersion treatment are performed, so that the agglomerates between the particles of the raw powder mixture are completely broken up to form the nanoparticle suspension; wherein: the time of the mechanical stirring and ultrasonic dispersion treatment is 1-15 minutes to obtain the nanoparticle suspension; in addition, after mixing for 2-10 minutes under normal pressure, the vacuum pump is turned on to evacuate the mixing chamber to a vacuum, and after continuing to mix for 2-5 minutes under a vacuum environment, the vacuum is removed and the mixing of powders is stopped to form a powder slurry; the mass proportion of the boron carbide powder particles is 5-25wt%, the mass proportion of the light rare earth powder is 0.5-5wt%, and the remainder is aluminum powder; in the nanoparticle suspension, the ratio between the powder mass and the nanoparticle suspension is 1.5g:1ml~2.5g:1ml.

[0025] Preferably, in step three, the nanoparticle suspension in step two is added to the blank pressing machine for preliminary pressing and forming to obtain a blank of the neutron absorbing composite material.

[0026] Preferably, in step four, the blank of the neutron absorbing composite material in step four is added into a high temperature forming machine for high temperature forming operation, the drying temperature is set between 300-400°C, the drying time is 1-12h, and the vacuum degree is 0.1-10Kpa, thereby obtaining a blank block of the neutron absorbing composite material.

[0027] Preferably, in step five, the blank block of the neutron absorption composite material obtained in step four is cooled by the cooling machine for 5-10 hours to room temperature; in step six, the blank block of the neutron absorption composite material is placed on a milling machine to grind the edge, and the neutron absorption composite material is processed to a suitable thickness to obtain an absorption material, wherein the extrusion temperature is 350-550°C, the extrusion ratio is 5:1-8:1, the rolling temperature is 250-550°C, and the single-pass deformation is 4-25%; in step seven, according to different use scenarios of the neutron absorption composite material, the finished product cutting machine is used to cut it into suitable blocks for finished product packaging and use, and it is stored in a closed, clean, cool and dry environment to prevent moisture, sun protection, acid, alkali and salt corrosion, and the storage temperature is 20°C±2°C and the relative humidity is ≤10%.

[0028] Preferably, in step seven, the finished product of the neutron absorption composite material needs to be tested, assayed, analyzed and characterized in terms of its morphology, color, composition and chemical and physical properties; density and density difference tests are performed using a water displacement method; neutron absorption rate detection and analysis is performed using a neutron flux rate meter; microstructure and micromorphology analysis of the cross section and longitudinal section of the composite material is performed using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope; hardness distribution of the composite material is tested using a HXD-1000TM digital microhardness tester; surface wear resistance analysis is performed using an ML-100 abrasive wear testing machine; and bending and tensile analysis is performed using an INSTRON-5544 electronic universal materials testing machine.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] The preparation method of the neutron absorbing composite material of the invention can mix the powder more fully, avoid damage to the raw materials, improve efficiency, reduce costs, and ensure product quality;

[0031] The physical and chemical properties of the neutron absorption composite material are more stable. The preparation method has advanced and reasonable process, continuous and compact, detailed and accurate data, reasonable material ratio, stable chemical, physical and mechanical properties, and the purity of the product can reach 99.6%. This material can be used to prepare a variety of neutron absorption parts, which is more efficient, ensures the metallurgical quality of the material, ensures that the composite material has excellent mechanical properties, thermal conductivity and neutron absorption capacity, and is more environmentally friendly. Preparation method of aluminum-based boron carbide neutron composite material. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the preparation process framework of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the blank pressing machine of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the application state and structure of the blank forming mold of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the milling surface processing machine tool of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the supporting movable plate of the present invention.

[0038] In the figure:

[0039] 1. Raw material spheroidal graphite screening machine; 2. Stirring mixer; 3. Blank pressing machine; 31. Upper shell; 32. Hydraulic cylinder; 33. Intermediate pressing shell; 34. Directional sliding cylinder; 35. Blank forming mold; 351. Lower base of forming shell; 352. Absorption hole forming column; 353. Material extrusion cavity; 354. Seepage discharge hole; 36. Bottom supporting power shell; 37. Control cabinet; 38. Connecting line; 4. High temperature forming machine; 5. Cooling machine; 6. Milling surface Processing machine tool; 61. Milling machine body; 62. Support column; 63. Support auxiliary cabinet; 64. Controller; 65. Support moving plate; 651. Neutron absorbing composite material milling processing table; 652. Leakage vent; 653. Neutron absorbing composite material loading roller; 654. Neutron absorbing composite material unloading roller; 66. Lifting column; 67. L-arm; 671. Moving belt; 672. Milling motor; 673. Milling grinding wheel; 7. Finished product cutting machine; 8. Control box. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0041] Example:

[0042] As attached Figure 1As shown, the present invention provides a preparation device for a neutron absorption composite material, comprising a raw material spheroidal graphite screening machine 1, a stirring and mixing machine 2, a blank pressing machine 3, a high temperature forming machine 4, a cooling and cooling machine 5, a milling surface processing machine 6, a finished product cutting machine 7 and a control box 8, wherein the raw material spheroidal graphite screening machine 1, the stirring and mixing machine 2, the blank pressing machine 3, the high temperature forming machine 4, the cooling and cooling machine 5, the milling surface processing machine 6 and the finished product cutting machine 7 are electrically connected to the control box 8 respectively; the raw material spheroidal graphite screening machine 1 can grind and trim the raw materials for making the neutron absorption composite material: aluminum powder, boron carbide powder, silicon powder, and light rare earth powder to obtain a raw material powder mixture; the stirring and mixing machine 2 adds the raw material powder mixture into an organic solvent, and performs mechanical stirring and ultrasonic dispersion treatment, so that the agglomeration between the particles of the raw material powder mixture is completely scattered to form the nanoparticle suspension ; Wherein: the time of the mechanical stirring and ultrasonic dispersion treatment is 1-15min to obtain a nanoparticle suspension; the blank pressing machine 3 performs preliminary pressing and molding of the nanoparticle suspension to obtain a blank of the neutron absorbing composite material; the high-temperature molding machine 4 performs high-temperature molding operation on the blank of the neutron absorbing composite material, the drying temperature is set between 300-400°C, and the drying time is 1-12h, and the vacuum degree is 0.1-10Kpa, so as to obtain a blank block of the neutron absorbing composite material; the cooling machine 5 is used to cool down for 5-10h to room temperature; the blank block of the neutron absorbing composite material is placed on the milling surface processing machine 6 to grind the edge; according to the different use scenarios of the neutron absorbing composite material, the finished product cutting machine 7 is used to cut it into suitable blocks for finished product packaging and use.

[0043] In the above embodiment, specifically, the raw material spheroidal graphite screening machine 1 has a rotation speed of 200 r / min, a screen mesh number of 650 meshes, ball milling and screening are repeated, and after ball milling, a mixed fine powder is obtained, and the particle size of the mixed fine powder is ≤0.02 mm.

[0044] As attached Figure 3 As shown, in the above embodiment, specifically, the billet pressing machine 3 includes an upper shell 31, an oil pressure column 32, an intermediate pressing shell 33, a directional sliding column 34, a billet forming mold 35, a bottom supporting power shell 36, a control cabinet 37 and a connecting line 38. The oil pressure column 32 is bolted to the inside of the upper shell 31 and is clamped with the intermediate pressing shell 33; the directional sliding column 34 is bolted between the intermediate pressing shell 33 and the bottom supporting power shell 36; the billet forming mold 35 is bolted to the lower end of the oil pressure column 32; the control cabinet 37 is independently arranged on one side of the bottom supporting power shell 36; the connecting line 38 is threadedly connected to the upper part of the upper shell 31 and the rear part of the control cabinet 37.

[0045] As attached Figure 4As shown, in the above embodiment, specifically, the blank forming mold 35 includes a forming shell lower base 351, an absorption hole forming column 352, a material extrusion cavity 353 and a seepage discharge hole 354, and the absorption hole forming column 352 is integrally arranged on the upper part of the forming shell lower base 351; the material extrusion cavity 353 is arranged in the gap between the forming shell lower base 351 and the absorption hole forming column 352; the seepage discharge hole 354 is opened on the lower right side of the forming shell lower base 351 and is connected to the interior of the material extrusion cavity 353.

[0046] As attached Figure 5 As shown, in the above implementation scheme, specifically, the milling machine tool 6 includes a milling machine body 61, a support column 62, a support auxiliary cabinet 63, a controller 64, a support movable plate 65, a lifting column 66 and an L arm 67, wherein the support column 62 is bolted to the four corners of the lower part of the milling machine body 61; the support auxiliary cabinet 63 is bolted to the lower middle position of the milling machine body 61; the controller 64 is screwed to the front right position of the milling machine body 61; the support movable plate 65 is bolted to the upper left position of the milling machine body 61; the lifting column 66 is bolted to the upper right middle position of the milling machine body 61; the L arm 67 is bolted to the upper output end of the lifting column 66; the inner side of the L arm 67 is screwed with a moving belt 671, the inner left side of the L arm 67 is bolted with a milling motor 672, and the output end of the milling motor 672 is keyed with a milling grinding wheel 673.

[0047] As attached Figure 6 As shown, in the above embodiment, specifically, the supporting movable plate 65 includes a neutron absorbing composite material milling surface processing table 651, a material leakage vent 652, a neutron absorbing composite material loading roller 653 and a neutron absorbing composite material unloading roller 654, the material leakage vent 652 is opened inside the neutron absorbing composite material milling surface processing table 651; the neutron absorbing composite material loading roller 653 is embedded in the right side of the inside of the neutron absorbing composite material milling surface processing table 651; the neutron absorbing composite material unloading roller 654 is embedded in the left side of the inside of the neutron absorbing composite material milling surface processing table 651.

[0048] As attached Figure 2 As shown, in addition, the present invention also provides a method for preparing a neutron absorbing composite material, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0049] Step 1: ball milling and screening of raw materials of neutron absorbing composite materials;

[0050] Step 2: stirring and mixing the neutron absorbing composite material;

[0051] Step 3: Blank pressing of powder slurry;

[0052] Step 4: high temperature hot pressing of the blank;

[0053] Step 5: Cooling of the neutron absorbing composite material plate;

[0054] Step 6: Milling of neutron absorbing composite materials;

[0055] Step 7: Finished cutting of neutron absorbing composite material.

[0056] In the above embodiment, specifically, in step one, the raw materials for making the neutron absorbing composite material: aluminum powder, boron carbide powder, silicon powder, and light rare earth powder are added to a raw material spheroidal graphite screening machine 1, and polished and trimmed to obtain a raw material powder mixture; the raw material spheroidal graphite screening machine 1 has a rotation speed of 200r / min, a screen mesh size of 650 mesh, and ball milling and screening are repeated to form a mixed fine powder after ball milling, and the particle size of the mixed fine powder is ≤0.02mm.

[0057] In the above embodiment, specifically, in step 2, the raw powder mixture of step 1 is added to an organic solvent, and mechanical stirring and ultrasonic dispersion treatment are performed, so that the agglomerates between the particles of the raw powder mixture are completely broken up to form the nanoparticle suspension; wherein: the time of the mechanical stirring and ultrasonic dispersion treatment is 1-15 minutes to obtain the nanoparticle suspension; in addition, after mixing for 2-10 minutes under normal pressure, the vacuum pump is turned on to evacuate the mixing chamber to vacuum, and after continuing to mix for 2-5 minutes under vacuum, the vacuum is removed and the mixing of powders is stopped to form a powder slurry; the mass proportion of the boron carbide powder particles is 5-25wt%, the mass proportion of the light rare earth powder is 0.5-5wt%, and the remainder is aluminum powder; in the nanoparticle suspension, the ratio between the powder mass and the nanoparticle suspension is 1.5g:1ml~2.5g:1ml.

[0058] In the above embodiment, specifically, in step three, the nanoparticle suspension in step two is added to the blank pressing machine 3 for preliminary pressing and forming to obtain a blank of the neutron absorbing composite material.

[0059] In the above embodiment, specifically, in step four, the blank of the neutron absorbing composite material in step four is added into the high temperature forming machine 4 for high temperature forming operation, the drying temperature is set between 300-400°C, and the drying time is 1-12h, and the vacuum degree is 0.1-10Kpa, so as to obtain a blank block of the neutron absorbing composite material.

[0060] In the above embodiment, specifically, in step five, the blank block of the neutron absorption composite material obtained in step four is cooled by the cooling machine 5 for 5-10 hours to room temperature; in step six, the blank block of the neutron absorption composite material is placed on the milling machine 6 to grind the edge, and the neutron absorption composite material is processed to a suitable thickness to obtain an absorption material, wherein the extrusion temperature is 350-550°C, the extrusion ratio is 5:1-8:1, the rolling temperature is 250-550°C, and the single-pass deformation is 4-25%; in step seven, according to different use scenarios of the neutron absorption composite material, the finished product cutting machine 7 is used to cut it into suitable blocks for finished product packaging and use, and it is stored in a closed, clean, cool and dry environment to prevent moisture, sun protection, acid, alkali and salt corrosion, and the storage temperature is 20°C±2°C and the relative humidity is ≤10%.

[0061] In the above embodiment, specifically, in step seven, the finished product of the neutron absorption composite material needs to be tested, assayed, analyzed and characterized in terms of its morphology, color, composition and chemical and physical properties; density and density difference tests are performed using the water displacement method; neutron absorption rate is tested and analyzed using a neutron flux rate meter; microstructure and micromorphology of the cross section and longitudinal section of the composite material are analyzed using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope; hardness distribution of the composite material is tested using a HXD-1000TM digital microhardness tester; surface wear resistance is analyzed using an ML-100 abrasive wear testing machine; and bending and tensile strength analysis is performed using an INSTRON-5544 electronic universal material testing machine.

[0062] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0063] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A preparation device for a neutron absorbing composite material, characterized in that: The preparation device of the neutron absorption composite material comprises a raw material spheroidal graphite screening machine (1), a stirring and mixing machine (2), a blank pressing machine (3), a high temperature forming machine (4), a cooling and cooling machine (5), a milling surface processing machine (6), a finished product cutting machine (7) and a control box (8). The raw material spheroidal graphite screening machine (1), the stirring and mixing machine (2), the blank pressing machine (3), the high temperature forming machine (4), the cooling and cooling machine (5), the milling surface processing machine (6) and the finished product cutting machine (7) are respectively electrically connected to the control box (8); the raw material spheroidal graphite screening machine (1) has a rotation speed of 200 r / min and a screen mesh number of 650 meshes. Ball milling and screening are repeatedly performed to form mixed fine powder after ball milling. The particle size of the mixed fine powder is ≤0.02 mm.

2. The preparation device of the neutron absorbing composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blank pressing machine (3) comprises an upper shell (31), a hydraulic cylinder (32), an intermediate pressing shell (33), a directional sliding cylinder (34), a blank forming die (35), a bottom supporting power shell (36), a control cabinet (37) and a connecting line (38), wherein the hydraulic cylinder (32) is bolted to the interior of the upper shell (31) and is clamped with the intermediate pressing shell (33); the directional sliding cylinder (34) is bolted between the intermediate pressing shell (33) and the bottom supporting power shell (36); the blank forming die (35) is bolted to the lower end of the hydraulic cylinder (32); the control cabinet (37) is independently arranged at one end of the bottom supporting power shell (36). side; the connecting line (38) is threadedly connected to the upper part of the upper shell (31) and the rear part of the control cabinet (37); the blank forming mold (35) further includes a forming shell lower base (351), an absorption hole forming column (352), a material extrusion cavity (353) and a seepage discharge hole (354), and the absorption hole forming column (352) is integrally arranged on the upper part of the forming shell lower base (351); the material extrusion cavity (353) is arranged in the gap between the forming shell lower base (351) and the absorption hole forming column (352); the seepage discharge hole (354) is opened on the lower right side of the forming shell lower base (351) and is connected to the inside of the material extrusion cavity (353).

3. The preparation device of the neutron absorbing composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The milling machine tool (6) comprises a milling machine body (61), a support column (62), a support auxiliary cabinet (63), a controller (64), a support movable plate (65), a lifting column (66) and an L-shaped hanging arm (67), wherein the support column (62) is respectively bolted to the four corners of the lower part of the milling machine body (61); the support auxiliary cabinet (63) is bolted to the middle position of the lower part of the milling machine body (61); the controller (64) is screwed to the front right position of the milling machine body (61); the support column (62) is bolted to the lower part of the milling machine body (61); the support auxiliary cabinet (63) is bolted to the lower part of the milling machine body (61); the controller (64) is screwed to the front right position of the milling machine body (61); the support column (62) is bolted to the lower part ... column (62) is bolted to the lower part of the milling machine body (61); the support column (66) is bolted to the lower part of the milling machine body (61); the support column (62) is bolted to the lower part of the milling machine body (61); the support column (66) is bolted to the lower part of the milling machine body (61); the support column (62) is bolted to the lower part of the milling machine body (61); the support column (66) is bolted to the lower part of the milling machine body (61); The supporting movable plate (65) is bolted to the upper left position of the milling machine body (61); the lifting column (66) is bolted to the upper right middle position of the milling machine body (61); the L hanging arm (67) is bolted to the upper output end of the lifting column (66); the inner screw of the L hanging arm (67) is connected to the moving belt (671), the inner left bolt of the L hanging arm (67) is connected to the milling motor (672), and the output end of the milling motor (672) is keyed to the milling grinding wheel (673).

4. The preparation device of the neutron absorbing composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supporting movable plate (65) further comprises a neutron absorbing composite material milling surface processing table (651), a material leakage vent (652), a neutron absorbing composite material loading roller (653) and a neutron absorbing composite material unloading roller (654), wherein the material leakage vent (652) is arranged inside the neutron absorbing composite material milling surface processing table (651); the neutron absorbing composite material loading roller (653) is embedded in the right side inside the neutron absorbing composite material milling surface processing table (651); and the neutron absorbing composite material unloading roller (654) is embedded in the left side inside the neutron absorbing composite material milling surface processing table (651).

5. The preparation device of the neutron absorbing composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the neutron absorption composite material specifically comprises the following steps: Step 1: ball milling and screening of raw materials of neutron absorbing composite materials; Step 2: stirring and mixing the neutron absorbing composite material; Step 3: Blank pressing of powder slurry; Step 4: high temperature hot pressing of the blank; Step 5: Cooling of the neutron absorbing composite material plate; Step 6: Milling of neutron absorbing composite materials; Step 7: Finished cutting of neutron absorbing composite material.

6. The method for preparing the neutron absorbing composite material according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 1, raw materials for making neutron absorbing composite materials: aluminum powder, boron carbide powder, silicon powder, and light rare earth powder are added to a raw material spheroidal graphite screening machine (1) and ground and trimmed to obtain a raw material powder mixture; the raw material spheroidal graphite screening machine (1) rotates at a speed of 200 r / min, the screen mesh is 650 mesh, ball milling and screening are repeated, and mixed fine powder is obtained after ball milling, and the particle size of the mixed fine powder is ≤0.02 mm.

7. The method for preparing the neutron absorbing composite material according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 2, the raw powder mixture of step 1 is added to an organic solvent, and mechanical stirring and ultrasonic dispersion treatment are performed to completely break up the agglomerates between the particles of the raw powder mixture to form the nanoparticle suspension; wherein: the time of the mechanical stirring and ultrasonic dispersion treatment is 1-15 minutes to obtain the nanoparticle suspension; in addition, after mixing for 2-10 minutes under normal pressure, the vacuum pump is turned on to evacuate the mixing chamber to vacuum, and after continuing to mix for 2-5 minutes under vacuum, the vacuum is removed and the mixing of powders is stopped to form a powder slurry; the mass proportion of the boron carbide powder particles is 5-25wt%, the mass proportion of the light rare earth powder is 0.5-5wt%, and the remainder is aluminum powder; in the nanoparticle suspension, the ratio between the powder mass and the nanoparticle suspension is 1.5g:1ml to 2.5g:1ml.

8. The method for preparing the neutron absorbing composite material according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step three, the nanoparticle suspension in step two is added to the blank pressing machine (3) for preliminary pressing and forming to obtain a blank of the neutron absorbing composite material.

9. The method for preparing the neutron absorbing composite material according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 4, the blank of the neutron absorbing composite material in step 4 is added into a high temperature forming machine (4) for high temperature forming operation, the drying temperature is set between 300-400° C., the drying time is 1-12 hours, and the vacuum degree is 0.1-10 KPa, thereby obtaining a blank block of the neutron absorbing composite material.

10. The method for preparing the neutron absorbing composite material according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 5, the blank block of the neutron absorbing composite material obtained in step 4 is cooled by the cooling machine (5) for 5-10 hours until it is cooled to room temperature; in step 6, the blank block of the neutron absorbing composite material is placed on a milling machine (6) to grind the edges, and the neutron absorbing composite material is processed to a suitable thickness to obtain an absorbing material.

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