The invention discloses a self-powered vehicle vibration damping device which comprises a vibration damping device body and a vibration damping device controller, wherein the vibration damping device body comprises a first cylinder body, a piston rod, a piezoelectric generating unit, a transmission force spring unit, a magneto-rheological damping unit and an electromagnetic induction unit; the piezoelectric generating unit comprises a plurality of piezoelectric modules, and a plurality of piezoelectric vibrators are inlaid in each piezoelectric module; the transmission force spring unit comprises an upper spring pressing plate, a lower spring pressing plate, a lower spring clamping seat, an upper spring clamping seat and a transmission force spring; the magneto-rheological damping unit comprises an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder, a permanent magnet protecting cover, an upper damp channel, a lower damp channel, a magnet exciting coil and a piston; and the electromagnetic induction unit comprises a leakage-proof magnetic sleeve, a second cylinder body, a permanent magnet and an electromagnetic induction coil. The invention further discloses a control method for the self-powered vehicle vibration damping device. The self-powered vehicle vibration damping device provided by the invention is high in energy-regenerative efficiency, good in work stability, high in reliability, can adjust the damping force in real time, and ensures that a vehicle is in an optimal vibration damping state.