Polyurethane elastomer cable sheath material and cable preparation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of high polymer materials, in particular to a polyurethane elastomer cable sheath material and a cable preparation method, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, weighing raw materials according to a preset ratio; s2, uniformly mixing polyether polyol, an antioxidant and an ultraviolet light absorber, and removing moisture; s3, diisocyanate is gradually added, and a prepolymer is formed; s4, gradually adding a chain extender under a stirring condition; s5, premixing a plasticizer, a flame retardant and a silane coupling agent, and gradually adding into the reaction system to form a semi-finished product mixture; s6, standing in a vacuum environment; s7, curing and molding the semi-finished product mixture after standing; and S8, annealing treatment is carried out, internal stress is released, and a cable finished product is obtained. According to the invention, by optimizing chemical components and a production process, the flexibility, wear resistance and weather resistance of the material are remarkably improved, meanwhile, the environmental protection property and production efficiency are ensured, and the requirements of high performance and environmental protection standards are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of polymer materials, and in particular to a polyurethane elastomer cable sheath material and a cable preparation method. Background Art

[0002] In modern industrial and electronic equipment, the performance of cable sheath materials directly affects the durability and safety of cables. Commonly used cable sheath materials include polyvinyl chloride (PVC), rubber and thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). Although these materials have certain mechanical strength and environmental adaptability, they still have obvious deficiencies in flexibility, wear resistance, weather resistance and environmental friendliness. Especially when used in extreme climates and complex environments, these materials often cannot meet the requirements of high performance and long-term stability. In addition, these traditional materials often involve environmentally harmful ingredients such as plasticizers and flame retardants during the manufacturing and processing process. Their environmental impact and potential health risks have become a growing concern.

[0003] In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide an improved polyurethane elastomer cable sheath material and a preparation method thereof to solve the deficiencies of existing materials in flexibility, wear resistance, weather resistance and environmental protection. Although polyurethane elastomers in the prior art have excellent performance in certain properties, conventional polyurethane elastomer preparation methods have failed to fully optimize these properties, and there are problems of low efficiency and high environmental load in the process flow.

[0004] Therefore, the development of a new type of polyurethane elastomer sheath material, coupled with an optimized preparation process, can not only provide better mechanical and chemical properties, but also meet the requirements of environmental protection and sustainable development. It is a technical problem that needs to be urgently solved in industrial applications. Summary of the invention

[0005] Based on the above objectives, the present invention provides a polyurethane elastomer cable sheath material and a cable preparation method.

[0006] A polyurethane elastomer cable sheath material comprises polyether polyol, diisocyanate, chain extender, antioxidant, ultraviolet absorber, plasticizer, flame retardant and silane coupling agent; wherein the mass percentage of each component is:

[0007] Polyether polyol: 38-60.5%;

[0008] Diisocyanate: 30-40%;

[0009] Chain extender: 5-10%;

[0010] Antioxidants: 0.5-2%;

[0011] UV absorber: 0.5-1%;

[0012] Plasticizer: 2-5%;

[0013] Flame retardant: 1-3%;

[0014] Silane coupling agent: 0.5-1%.

[0015] Furthermore, the molecular weight of the polyether polyol is 2000-4000; the diisocyanate is selected from diphenylmethane diisocyanate or isophorone diisocyanate; the chain extender is selected from 1,4-butanediol or ethylene glycol; the antioxidant is a hindered phenol compound; the ultraviolet absorber is a benzophenone compound; the plasticizer is dioctyl phthalate or diisononyl phthalate; and the flame retardant is aluminum hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide.

[0016] A method for preparing a cable of a polyurethane elastomer, comprising the following steps:

[0017] S1: Weigh polyether polyol, diisocyanate, chain extender, antioxidant, ultraviolet absorber, plasticizer, flame retardant and silane coupling agent according to the preset ratio;

[0018] S2: uniformly mixing the polyether polyol, the antioxidant and the ultraviolet absorber, and heating under vacuum conditions to remove moisture;

[0019] S3: under the protection of inert gas, gradually add diisocyanate, maintain the temperature and stir to form a prepolymer;

[0020] S4: Cool the prepolymer, gradually add the chain extender under stirring conditions, and continue stirring to complete the reaction;

[0021] S5: premixing the plasticizer, flame retardant and silane coupling agent, gradually adding them into the reaction system, and continuing to stir to form a semi-finished product mixture;

[0022] S6: After degassing, the semi-finished product mixture is poured into a mold and allowed to stand in a vacuum environment;

[0023] S7: under preset conditions, solidifying and molding the semi-finished product mixture after standing still;

[0024] S8: After curing, the formed cable sheath material is annealed at room temperature to release the internal stress and obtain a finished cable product.

[0025] Furthermore, the S2 specifically includes:

[0026] S21: adding the polyether polyol, antioxidant and ultraviolet absorber into the stirring kettle according to the proportion, starting the stirrer, and stirring at a speed of 300-500 rpm for 10-15 minutes to make the mixture preliminarily uniform;

[0027] S22: transferring the preliminarily mixed mixture to a vacuum degassing kettle, and maintaining the vacuum degree at -0.08 to -0.1 MPa;

[0028] S23: Under the vacuum condition of S22, heating the mixture to 80-90° C. and maintaining the temperature for 30-60 minutes to remove moisture from the mixture;

[0029] S24: After the dehydration is completed, the mixture is cooled to room temperature for later use.

[0030] Furthermore, the S3 specifically includes:

[0031] S31: placing the preliminarily dehydrated mixture in a reactor, and controlling the inert gas to be filled until the oxygen content in the reactor is less than 0.5%, wherein the inert gas is nitrogen or argon;

[0032] S32: adjusting the temperature in the reactor to 80-90° C.;

[0033] S33: while maintaining the temperature in the reactor, gradually adding diisocyanate at a rate of 2-5 weight percent per minute until all the diisocyanate is added;

[0034] S34: During the addition of diisocyanate, the stirring speed is maintained at 200-400 rpm for 30-40 minutes to allow for sufficient reaction to form a prepolymer.

[0035] Furthermore, the S4 specifically includes:

[0036] S41: Cooling the formed prepolymer to 60-70° C. at a cooling rate of 1-2° C. per minute;

[0037] S42: During the cooling process, the stirring speed is maintained at 100-200 rpm;

[0038] S43: When the prepolymer is cooled to a predetermined temperature, the chain extender is gradually added at a rate of 1-3 weight percent per minute until all the prepolymer is added;

[0039] S44: During the addition of the chain extender, the stirring speed is maintained at 150-250 rpm and the stirring time is 20-30 minutes to allow the reaction to be complete.

[0040] Furthermore, the S5 specifically includes:

[0041] S51: adding the plasticizer, flame retardant and silane coupling agent into the premixing kettle according to the proportion, starting the agitator, and stirring at a speed of 200-300 rpm for 10-20 minutes to make the premix uniform;

[0042] S52: gradually adding the premixed uniform mixture of plasticizer, flame retardant and silane coupling agent to the prepolymer that has been completely reacted, at a rate of 1-3 weight percent per minute, until all the prepolymer is added;

[0043] S53: During the adding process, the stirring speed is maintained at 150-250 rpm, and the stirring is continued for 10-20 minutes to form a semi-finished product mixture.

[0044] Furthermore, the S6 specifically includes:

[0045] S61: transferring the semi-finished product mixture to a degassing device, maintaining the vacuum degree at -0.08 to -0.1 MPa for degassing for 10 to 20 minutes;

[0046] S62: slowly pouring the degassed semi-finished mixture into a pre-prepared mold to avoid generating bubbles;

[0047] S63: After pouring into the mold, place the mold in a vacuum environment, maintain the vacuum degree at -0.08 to -0.1 MPa, and let it stand for 30 to 60 minutes.

[0048] Furthermore, the S7 specifically includes:

[0049] S71: placing the semi-finished product mixture after standing still together with the mold into a curing furnace;

[0050] S72: setting the temperature of the curing oven to 100-120° C. and maintaining the curing temperature within the range for 4-6 hours;

[0051] S73: After the curing is completed, the mold is taken out and naturally cooled to room temperature at room temperature.

[0052] Furthermore, the S8 specifically includes:

[0053] S81: taking the cured cable sheath material out of the mold and placing it in an annealing chamber;

[0054] S82: anneal at 20-25℃ for 24-48 hours to release the internal stress of the material;

[0055] S83: After annealing, the cable sheath material is inspected on the surface to ensure there are no bubbles or cracks;

[0056] S84: Cutting and trimming the annealed cable sheath material to obtain a finished cable product that meets size requirements.

[0057] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0058] The present invention significantly improves the flexibility, wear resistance and weather resistance of the cable sheath by adopting advanced formulas and preparation methods, and uses optimized polyether polyols, specific diisocyanates, and effective plasticizers and flame retardants, so that the final product not only surpasses traditional materials in mechanical properties, but also exhibits better performance stability under low temperature environments. In addition, the selected environmentally friendly flame retardants and plasticizers further ensure the environmental protection characteristics of the product and meet modern environmental protection standards.

[0059] The present invention significantly improves production efficiency and material consistency by accurately adding and mixing raw materials under controlled conditions. By introducing vacuum degassing and inert gas protection steps, bubbles and impurities in production are effectively reduced, ensuring the consistency of material quality and performance. This preparation method not only improves the comprehensive performance of the product, but also provides technical support for the large-scale production and application of cable sheath materials. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0060] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only for the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0061] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a cable preparation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of cable sheath material according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0064] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs. The "first", "second" and similar words used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0065] Example 1

[0066] like Figure 2 As shown, a polyurethane elastomer cable sheath material includes polyether polyol, diisocyanate, chain extender, antioxidant, ultraviolet absorber, plasticizer, flame retardant and silane coupling agent; wherein the mass percentage of each component is:

[0067] Polyether polyol: 50.5%;

[0068] Diisocyanate: 35%;

[0069] Chain extender: 7%;

[0070] Antioxidants: 1%;

[0071] UV absorber: 0.7%;

[0072] Plasticizer: 3%;

[0073] Flame retardant: 2%;

[0074] Silane coupling agent: 0.8%.

[0075] The molecular weight of the polyether polyol is 3000; the diisocyanate is selected from diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI); the chain extender is selected from 1,4-butanediol or ethylene glycol; the antioxidant is a hindered phenol compound; the ultraviolet absorber is a benzophenone compound; the plasticizer is dioctyl phthalate; and the flame retardant is aluminum hydroxide.

[0076] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for preparing a cable of a polyurethane elastomer comprises the following steps:

[0077] S1: Weigh polyether polyol, diisocyanate, chain extender, antioxidant, ultraviolet absorber, plasticizer, flame retardant and silane coupling agent according to the preset ratio;

[0078] S2: uniformly mixing the polyether polyol, the antioxidant and the ultraviolet absorber, and heating under vacuum conditions to remove moisture;

[0079] S3: under the protection of inert gas, gradually add diisocyanate, maintain the temperature and stir to form a prepolymer;

[0080] S4: Cool the prepolymer, gradually add the chain extender under stirring conditions, and continue stirring to complete the reaction;

[0081] S5: premixing the plasticizer, flame retardant and silane coupling agent, gradually adding them into the reaction system, and continuing to stir to form a semi-finished product mixture;

[0082] S6: After degassing, the semi-finished product mixture is poured into a mold and allowed to stand in a vacuum environment;

[0083] S7: under preset conditions, solidifying and molding the semi-finished product mixture after standing still;

[0084] S8: After curing, the formed cable sheath material is annealed at room temperature to release the internal stress and obtain a finished cable product.

[0085] S2 specifically includes:

[0086] S21: adding the polyether polyol, antioxidant and ultraviolet absorber into a stirring kettle according to a proportion, starting a stirrer, and stirring at a speed of 400 rpm for 13 minutes to achieve preliminary mixing;

[0087] S22: transferring the preliminarily mixed mixture to a vacuum degassing kettle, and maintaining the vacuum degree at -0.09 MPa;

[0088] S23: Under the vacuum condition of S22, heating the mixture to 85° C. and maintaining the temperature for 45 minutes to remove moisture from the mixture;

[0089] S24: After the dehydration is completed, the mixture is cooled to room temperature for later use.

[0090] S3 specifically includes:

[0091] S31: placing the preliminarily dehydrated mixture in a reactor, and controlling the inert gas to be filled until the oxygen content in the reactor is less than 0.5%, wherein the inert gas is nitrogen;

[0092] S32: adjusting the temperature in the reactor to 85° C.;

[0093] S33: while maintaining the temperature in the reactor, gradually adding diisocyanate at a rate of 3 weight percent per minute until all the diisocyanate is added;

[0094] S34: During the addition of diisocyanate, the stirring speed was maintained at 300 rpm for 35 minutes to ensure that the diisocyanate and the mixture fully reacted to form a prepolymer.

[0095] S4 specifically includes:

[0096] S41: Cooling the formed prepolymer to 65° C. at a cooling rate of 1.5° C. per minute;

[0097] S42: During the cooling process, the stirring speed is maintained at 150 rpm;

[0098] S43: when the prepolymer is cooled to a predetermined temperature, gradually adding the chain extender at a rate of 2% by weight per minute until all the prepolymer is added;

[0099] S44: During the addition of the chain extender, the stirring speed was maintained at 200 rpm and the stirring time was 25 minutes to ensure that the chain extender and the prepolymer reacted fully and completely.

[0100] S5 specifically includes:

[0101] S51: adding the plasticizer, flame retardant and silane coupling agent into the premixing kettle according to the proportion, starting the agitator, and stirring at a speed of 250 rpm for 15 minutes to make the premix uniform;

[0102] S52: gradually adding the premixed plasticizer, flame retardant and silane coupling agent mixture to the prepolymer that has been completely reacted, at a rate of 2% by weight per minute, until all the prepolymers are added;

[0103] S53: During the addition process, the stirring speed is maintained at 200 rpm, and the stirring is continued for 15 minutes to ensure that the plasticizer, the flame retardant and the silane coupling agent are evenly dispersed in the reaction system to form a semi-finished product mixture.

[0104] S6 specifically includes:

[0105] S61: transferring the semi-finished product mixture to a degassing device, maintaining the vacuum degree at -0.09 MPa for degassing for 15 minutes;

[0106] S62: slowly pouring the degassed semi-finished mixture into a pre-prepared mold to avoid generating bubbles;

[0107] S63: After pouring into the mold, place the mold in a vacuum environment, maintain the vacuum degree at -0.09 MPa, and let it stand for 45 minutes to ensure that the semi-finished product mixture is evenly distributed and further degassed.

[0108] S7 specifically includes:

[0109] S71: placing the semi-finished product mixture after standing still together with the mold into a curing furnace;

[0110] S72: setting the temperature of the curing oven to 110° C. and maintaining the curing temperature within this range for 5 hours;

[0111] S73: After the curing is completed, the mold is taken out and naturally cooled to room temperature at room temperature.

[0112] S8 specifically includes:

[0113] S81: taking the cured cable sheath material out of the mold and placing it in an annealing chamber;

[0114] S82: annealing at 23°C for 36 hours to release the internal stress of the material;

[0115] S83: After annealing, the cable sheath material is inspected on the surface to ensure there are no bubbles or cracks;

[0116] S84: Cutting and trimming the annealed cable sheath material to obtain a finished cable product that meets size requirements.

[0117] Example 2

[0118] S1: First, according to the preset ratio, weigh 60.5% of polyether polyol, molecular weight 2000; 30% of diisocyanate (isophorone diisocyanate); 5% of chain extender (ethylene glycol); 0.5% of antioxidant; 0.5% of ultraviolet absorber; 2% of plasticizer (diisononyl phthalate); 1% of flame retardant (magnesium hydroxide); and 0.5% of silane coupling agent;

[0119] S2: The polyether polyol is mixed with the antioxidant and the ultraviolet absorber, and stirred at 300 rpm for 10 minutes using a stirrer. The mixture is then heated to 80° C. under a vacuum degree of -0.08 MPa for 30 minutes to remove moisture;

[0120] S3: under argon protection, gradually add diisocyanate to the mixture at a rate of 2 weight percent per minute, maintain 80° C. and stir at 200 rpm for 30 minutes to allow the mixture to fully react to form a prepolymer;

[0121] S4: Cooling the prepolymer to 60°C at a cooling rate of 1°C per minute. During the cooling process, the stirring speed is maintained at 100 rpm. When the prepolymer is cooled to a predetermined temperature, the chain extender is gradually added at a rate of 1% by weight per minute until all the prepolymer is added. During the addition of the chain extender, the stirring speed is maintained at 150 rpm for 20 minutes to complete the reaction.

[0122] S5: Add the plasticizer, flame retardant and silane coupling agent to the premixing kettle according to the proportion, start the agitator, stir at a speed of 200 rpm for 10 minutes to make the premix uniform, and then gradually add the premixed plasticizer, flame retardant and silane coupling agent to the prepolymer that has been completely reacted, and add the speed of 1% by weight per minute until all are added. During the addition process, keep the stirring speed at 150 rpm and continue stirring for 10 minutes to form a semi-finished mixture.

[0123] S6: transferring the formed semi-finished product mixture to a degassing device, maintaining the vacuum degree at -0.08 MPa for degassing for 10 minutes, and then slowly pouring the degassed semi-finished product mixture into a pre-prepared mold to avoid generating bubbles. After pouring into the mold, the mold is placed in a vacuum environment, maintaining the vacuum degree at -0.08 MPa, and standing for 30 minutes;

[0124] S7: putting the semi-finished product mixture after standing still together with the mold into a curing oven, setting the temperature of the curing oven to 100° C., and maintaining the temperature range for curing for 4 hours. After the curing is completed, taking out the mold and cooling it naturally to room temperature at room temperature;

[0125] S8: The cured cable sheath material is taken out from the mold and placed in an annealing chamber for annealing at 20°C for 24 hours to release the internal stress of the material. After annealing, the surface of the cable sheath material is inspected to ensure that there are no bubbles or cracks. Finally, the annealed cable sheath material is cut and trimmed to obtain a finished cable that meets the size requirements.

[0126] Example 3

[0127] S1: First, according to the preset ratio, weigh 38% of polyether polyol, with a molecular weight of 4000; 40% of diisocyanate (diphenylmethane diisocyanate); 10% of chain extender (1,4-butanediol); 2% of antioxidant; 1% of ultraviolet absorber; 5% of plasticizer (dioctyl phthalate); 3% of flame retardant (aluminum hydroxide); and 1% of silane coupling agent;

[0128] S2: The polyether polyol is mixed with the antioxidant and the ultraviolet absorber, and stirred at 500 rpm for 15 minutes using a stirrer. The mixture is then heated to 90° C. under a vacuum degree of -1 MPa for 60 minutes to remove moisture;

[0129] S3: under nitrogen protection, gradually add diisocyanate to the mixture at a rate of 5 weight percent per minute, maintain 90° C. and stir at a speed of 400 rpm for 40 minutes to fully react and form a prepolymer;

[0130] S4: Cooling the prepolymer to 70°C at a cooling rate of 2°C per minute. During the cooling process, the stirring speed is maintained at 200 rpm. When the prepolymer is cooled to a predetermined temperature, the chain extender is gradually added at a rate of 3% by weight per minute until all the prepolymer is added. During the addition of the chain extender, the stirring speed is maintained at 250 rpm for 30 minutes to complete the reaction.

[0131] S5: Add the plasticizer, flame retardant and silane coupling agent to the premixing kettle according to the proportion, start the agitator, stir at a speed of 300 rpm for 20 minutes to make the premix uniform, then gradually add the premixed plasticizer, flame retardant and silane coupling agent to the prepolymer that has been completely reacted, and add at a speed of 3% by weight per minute until all are added. During the addition process, keep the stirring speed at 250 rpm and continue stirring for 20 minutes to form a semi-finished product mixture.

[0132] S6: The semi-finished product mixture is transferred to a degassing device, and the vacuum is maintained at -1 MPa for degassing for 20 minutes, and then the degassed semi-finished product mixture is slowly poured into a pre-prepared mold to avoid bubbles. After pouring into the mold, the mold is placed in a vacuum environment, the vacuum is maintained at -0.1 MPa, and it is left to stand for 60 minutes;

[0133] S7: putting the semi-finished product mixture after standing still together with the mold into a curing oven, setting the temperature of the curing oven to 120° C., and maintaining the temperature range for curing for 6 hours. After the curing is completed, taking out the mold and cooling it naturally to room temperature at room temperature;

[0134] S8: The cured cable sheath material is taken out of the mold and placed in an annealing chamber for annealing at 25°C for 48 hours to release the internal stress of the material. After annealing, the cable sheath material is inspected on the surface to ensure that there are no bubbles or cracks. Finally, the annealed cable sheath material is cut and trimmed to obtain a finished cable that meets the size requirements.

[0135] Table 1 Comparison of finished product performance parameters

[0136] Performance test items Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Tensile strength(MPa) 25.5 23.8 24.1 Elongation at break (%) 410 390 400 Heat resistance(℃) 120 115 118 Chemical resistance (rating) excellent good good Fire performance (rating) Level A Class B Level A Performance retention rate after aging (%) 92 88 90

[0137] It can be seen from Table 1 above that the polyurethane elastomer cable sheath material prepared in Example 1 shows the best comprehensive performance, and its tensile strength and elongation at break are higher than those of the other two examples, showing better mechanical properties. In addition, the material of Example 1 has higher heat resistance and excellent chemical resistance, ensuring stable use in harsh environments, and its fire resistance is rated as Grade A, indicating that its performance in fire safety is better than that of Example 2, and the performance retention rate after aging reaches 92%, indicating that the material has excellent aging resistance and is suitable for long-term application needs.

[0138] Specifically, the chemical resistance is obtained according to the ASTM D543 standard test, which reflects the performance changes of the material after exposure to various chemical reagents (such as acids, alkalis and solvents). The fire resistance is obtained according to the UL94 standard test, which evaluates the combustion behavior and self-extinguishing performance of the material. Example 1 shows excellent chemical resistance and fire resistance in these tests, ensuring the reliability of the material in harsh use environments.

[0139] Table 2 Comparison of other parameters

[0140] Performance Indicators Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Cost-effectiveness (yuan / kg) 18 20 19 Complexity of manufacturing process (rating, 1-10, 1 is the lowest) 4 6 5 Environmental adaptability (rating, 1-10, 10 is the highest) 9 7 8 Product life (years) 15 12 13 Comprehensive performance retention rate (%) 95 90 92

[0141] It can be seen from Table 2 above that Example 1 has the highest cost-effectiveness, with a cost of 18 yuan per kilogram, which is lower than that of Examples 2 and 3. This is because the cost of the raw materials used is lower and the raw material utilization rate is higher during the preparation process; the preparation process complexity score of Example 1 is 4, while the complexity of Examples 2 and 3 is higher, which means that Example 1 is easier to mass produce, reducing possible errors and waste of resources in production; the environmental adaptability score of Example 1 is 9, indicating that the material can adapt to a wider range of environmental conditions, including extreme temperatures and humidity, making it more suitable for a variety of application scenarios; the product life of Example 1 is 15 years, which is longer than that of Examples 2 and 3, indicating that it is more resistant to physical and chemical degradation in long-term use; after long-term use, Example 1 can maintain 95% of its original performance, which is better than other examples, reflecting its excellent aging resistance and long-term stability.

[0142] In general, Example 1 not only excels in material performance, but also shows obvious advantages in cost-effectiveness, preparation process, environmental adaptability and product life. Therefore, Example 1 is a polyurethane elastomer cable sheath material with extremely superior comprehensive performance, which is very suitable for long-term and multi-environment industrial applications.

[0143] The present invention is intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A polyurethane elastomer cable sheath material, characterized in that: It includes polyether polyol, diisocyanate, chain extender, antioxidant, ultraviolet absorber, plasticizer, flame retardant and silane coupling agent; the mass percentage of each component is as follows: Polyether polyol: 38-60.5%; Diisocyanate: 30-40%; Chain extender: 5-10%; Antioxidants: 0.5-2%; UV absorber: 0.5-1%; Plasticizer: 2-5%; Flame retardant: 1-3%; Silane coupling agent: 0.5-1%.

2. The polyurethane elastomer cable sheath material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The molecular weight of the polyether polyol is 2000-4000; the diisocyanate is selected from diphenylmethane diisocyanate or isophorone diisocyanate; the chain extender is selected from 1,4-butanediol or ethylene glycol; the antioxidant is a hindered phenol compound; the ultraviolet absorber is a benzophenone compound; the plasticizer is dioctyl phthalate or diisononyl phthalate; and the flame retardant is aluminum hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide.

3. A method for preparing a cable of a polyurethane elastomer according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Weigh polyether polyol, diisocyanate, chain extender, antioxidant, ultraviolet absorber, plasticizer, flame retardant and silane coupling agent according to the preset ratio; S2: uniformly mixing the polyether polyol, the antioxidant and the ultraviolet absorber, and heating under vacuum conditions to remove moisture; S3: under the protection of inert gas, gradually add diisocyanate, maintain the temperature and stir to form a prepolymer; S4: Cool the prepolymer, gradually add the chain extender under stirring conditions, and continue stirring to complete the reaction; S5: premixing the plasticizer, flame retardant and silane coupling agent, gradually adding them into the reaction system, and continuing to stir to form a semi-finished product mixture; S6: After degassing, the semi-finished product mixture is poured into a mold and allowed to stand in a vacuum environment; S7: under preset conditions, solidifying and molding the semi-finished product mixture after standing still; S8: After curing, the formed cable sheath material is annealed at room temperature to release the internal stress and obtain a finished cable product.

4. The method for preparing a cable of a polyurethane elastomer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The S2 specifically includes: S21: adding the polyether polyol, antioxidant and ultraviolet absorber into the stirring kettle according to the proportion, starting the stirrer, and stirring at a speed of 300-500 rpm for 10-15 minutes to make the mixture preliminarily uniform; S22: transferring the preliminarily mixed mixture to a vacuum degassing kettle, and maintaining the vacuum degree at -0.08 to -0.1 MPa; S23: Under the vacuum condition of S22, heating the mixture to 80-90° C. and maintaining the temperature for 30-60 minutes to remove moisture from the mixture; S24: After the dehydration is completed, the mixture is cooled to room temperature for later use.

5. The method for preparing a cable of a polyurethane elastomer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The S3 specifically includes: S31: placing the preliminarily dehydrated mixture in a reactor, and controlling the inert gas to be filled until the oxygen content in the reactor is less than 0.5%, wherein the inert gas is nitrogen or argon; S32: adjusting the temperature in the reactor to 80-90° C.; S33: while maintaining the temperature in the reactor, gradually adding diisocyanate at a rate of 2-5 weight percent per minute until all the diisocyanate is added; S34: During the addition of diisocyanate, the stirring speed is maintained at 200-400 rpm for 30-40 minutes to allow for sufficient reaction to form a prepolymer.

6. The method for preparing a cable of a polyurethane elastomer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The S4 specifically includes: S41: Cooling the formed prepolymer to 60-70° C. at a cooling rate of 1-2° C. per minute; S42: During the cooling process, the stirring speed is maintained at 100-200 rpm; S43: When the prepolymer is cooled to a predetermined temperature, the chain extender is gradually added at a rate of 1-3 weight percent per minute until all the prepolymer is added; S44: During the addition of the chain extender, the stirring speed is maintained at 150-250 rpm and the stirring time is 20-30 minutes to allow the reaction to be complete.

7. The method for preparing a cable of a polyurethane elastomer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The S5 specifically includes: S51: adding the plasticizer, flame retardant and silane coupling agent into the premixing kettle according to the proportion, starting the agitator, and stirring at a speed of 200-300 rpm for 10-20 minutes to make the premix uniform; S52: gradually adding the premixed uniform mixture of plasticizer, flame retardant and silane coupling agent to the prepolymer that has been completely reacted, at a rate of 1-3 weight percent per minute, until all the prepolymer is added; S53: During the adding process, the stirring speed is maintained at 150-250 rpm, and the stirring is continued for 10-20 minutes to form a semi-finished product mixture.

8. The method for preparing a cable of a polyurethane elastomer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The S6 specifically includes: S61: transferring the semi-finished product mixture to a degassing device, maintaining the vacuum degree at -0.08 to -0.1 MPa for degassing for 10 to 20 minutes; S62: slowly pouring the degassed semi-finished mixture into a pre-prepared mold to avoid generating bubbles; S63: After pouring into the mold, place the mold in a vacuum environment, maintain the vacuum degree at -0.08 to -0.1 MPa, and let it stand for 30 to 60 minutes.

9. The method for preparing a cable of a polyurethane elastomer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The S7 specifically includes: S71: placing the semi-finished product mixture after standing still together with the mold into a curing furnace; S72: setting the temperature of the curing oven to 100-120° C. and maintaining the curing temperature within the range for 4-6 hours; S73: After the curing is completed, the mold is taken out and naturally cooled to room temperature at room temperature.

10. The method for preparing a cable of a polyurethane elastomer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The S8 specifically includes: S81: taking the cured cable sheath material out of the mold and placing it in an annealing chamber; S82: anneal at 20-25℃ for 24-48 hours to release the internal stress of the material; S83: After annealing, the cable sheath material is inspected on the surface to ensure there are no bubbles or cracks; S84: Cutting and trimming the annealed cable sheath material to obtain a finished cable product that meets size requirements.

Images