Method for promoting early flowering of strawberries

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for promoting early flowering of strawberries, and belongs to the technical field of cultivation. The method utilizes exogenous H2O2 to achieve the effects of promoting flower bud differentiation and promoting root growth, and comprises the following steps: firstly, 10 days before strawberry field planting, spraying a H2O2 solution with the concentration of 5mmol / L on a whole plant, continuously spraying for 10 days, and mainly spraying leaf buds; then, after successful seedling recovery, placing a novel root-promoting prescription (brown sugar, H2O2 and paenibacillus polymyxa) beside each seedling; finally, after seedling recovery, 15 mmol / L ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is applied in a flushing mode for 2-3 times; the method provided by the invention not only can effectively promote the early flower bud differentiation of strawberries at low cost, but also can achieve the effect of protecting and promoting roots.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of cultivation technology and relates to a method for promoting early flowering and root development in strawberries. Background Art

[0002] Strawberries are perennial herbaceous plants, characterized by strong adaptability, short growth cycle, high yield, ease of management, and good economic benefits. They are highly favored by producers and consumers. Their fruits are brightly colored, highly nutritious, and have a rich flavor, containing abundant protein and vitamins, earning them the title of "Queen of Fruits." Strawberry production is characterized by its short, stable, and rapid growth.

[0003] Strawberries harvested early fetch 4-6 times the normal market price, increasing income by 30,000-40,000 yuan per mu. The key to successful early strawberry cultivation lies in cultivating flower bud differentiation; the timing and quality of flower bud differentiation are crucial factors affecting yield. Currently, early cultivation techniques primarily employ low-temperature pre-cooling treatment, typically using cold storage or high-altitude seedling cultivation. Strawberry seedlings treated with nighttime pre-cooling mature approximately 25 days earlier than conventional open-field seedlings, with early-stage yields increasing by about 22.9% compared to the control, averaging an increase of 6000 kg·hm². -2 Around 12,000-18,000 yuan / hm² in output value. -2 The profits are extremely considerable, but its disadvantages include high cost of cold storage construction, large labor force, and complicated operation procedures. High-altitude seedling cultivation is limited by geographical conditions, so the low-temperature precooling and early seedling promotion technology has not been effectively promoted. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a low-cost and efficient method for promoting early flowering of strawberries. This method not only effectively promotes early flowering of strawberries, but is also simple to operate, greatly reduces costs, and improves the economic benefits for fruit farmers.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a method for promoting early flowering of strawberries. Step 1) Exogenous H2O2 Flower-Promoting Treatment Select strawberry seedlings that are about 60-70 days old, with plump leaves, fresh and normal color, no diseases or pests, and uniform growth. Spray with a 5 mmol / L H2O2 solution for 10 consecutive days 10 days before transplanting, focusing on the leaf buds of the strawberry seedlings. Step 2) Matrix Preparation The seedling substrate should have the following characteristics: total nutrient content (N+P2O2+K2O) of 2%-4%, organic matter content ≥20% on dry basis, pH value 5.5-7.5, and EC value 1-3; Substrate disinfection method: Starting in early to mid-July, apply high-quality organic fertilizer, rice bran or lime chlorine to the substrate → turn it into the substrate → water it, cover the ground with film, and close the greenhouse → continuously disinfect with solar high temperature for 20 to 30 days → remove the film covering the substrate, ventilate the greenhouse or remove the greenhouse film → apply bio-fertilizer half a month before transplanting strawberry seedlings, plow and ridge → keep the ridge surface moist. Step 3) Planting Before planting, strawberry seedlings were dipped in a solution for 10 minutes. The solution was made by mixing 100 billion CFU / g of Bacillus subtilis at 500 times dilution with 25% pyraclostrobin at 1000 times dilution and Bihu at 5000 times dilution. Next, transplant the soaked strawberry seedlings in double rows into the trellis seedling trays, with a row spacing of 10-15 cm and a plant spacing of 15-20 cm. The planting depth should be such that the rootstock is level with the substrate, with the arched back facing outwards from the trellis. Water promptly to help the roots establish, ensuring the leaves do not droop due to water loss. Shade the strawberry seedlings immediately after transplanting, and remove the shading equipment once they have established themselves. During continuous cloudy or rainy days, supplemental lighting should be used, providing 2-3 hours of additional light daily. Do not apply any fertilizer within 15 days of transplanting. Step 4) Preparation of the new root-promoting formula Mix 10 jin of brown sugar and 5 jin of boiled water thoroughly to make sugar water. Then, add the sugar water to a container and boil it over high heat until the syrup can be pulled into threads. Then, turn to low heat and stir until the syrup turns yellow and the large bubbles become small bubbles. The syrup is now ready. Pour the syrup into a grid mold with squares of 2cm*2cm*2cm. Before the syrup cools but solidifies, add 1mL of 15mmol / L H2O2 solution and 1mL of 100x dilution of 1 billion CFU / g Bacillus polymyxa to each square. Place the mold in a dark place until it solidifies. This is the new root-promoting formula. Pour it out of the mold and put it into a black container. Store it at a low temperature. Step 5) Placement of the novel root-promoting formula Fifteen days after transplanting the strawberry seedlings, once they have successfully recovered, the new root-promoting agent is shallowly buried in the seedling substrate, 3cm away from the seedling. One piece of seedling substrate is placed for each strawberry seedling, and water is applied immediately. Subsequent water management follows the usual steps until the new root-promoting agent is completely dissolved. Then, the new root-promoting agent is added until flowering. Step 6) Nitrogen Fertilizer Management Fifteen days after the strawberry seedlings are transplanted and have survived, precise nitrogen application should be carried out simultaneously. Ammonium nitrogen fertilizer with a concentration of 15 mmol / L should be applied twice to promote root growth. Before covering with mulch, apply 10 kg / mu of potassium fertilizer and 7 kg / mu of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer. Step 7) Cultivation and Management Before Flowering After transplanting, shade nets need to be installed for low-temperature management. Supplemental lighting should be used during continuous cloudy or rainy days, providing 2-3 hours of additional light per day. From early September to mid-to-late October, daytime temperatures should not exceed 30℃ and nighttime temperatures should not fall below 12℃ to ensure axillary bud differentiation; Before transplanting, thoroughly water the substrate and maintain a humidity of 70-80% for two weeks after transplanting. During the budding and flowering stages, ensure sufficient water and maintain a humidity of around 60%. Reduce water during the flowering stage and maintain a humidity of 50-60%.

[0006] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are: 1. This invention utilizes exogenous H2O2, which not only effectively promotes strawberry flower bud differentiation and advances flowering, but also simplifies the operation, greatly reduces costs, and improves the economic benefits for fruit farmers. 2. The H2O2 and brown sugar in the new root-promoting formula can effectively promote the growth of strawberry roots. The addition of Bacillus polymyxa not only activates the activity of H2O2, but also has the effect of preventing and controlling strawberry root rot, thus achieving the effect of protecting roots, promoting root growth and early development. Attached Figure Description

[0007] Figure 1 This is a root system diagram of strawberry seedlings in the treatment group and control group in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0008] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. Example 1

[0009] To study the effect of H2O2 on strawberry flowering in this invention, the "Miaoxiang No. 7" strawberry variety purchased from the market was selected for the flower-promoting treatment. The specific operation process and experimental results are as follows.

[0010] Step 1) Exogenous H2O2 flower-promoting treatment: Select "Miaoxiang No. 7" strawberry seedlings that are about 60-70 days old, with full leaves, fresh and normal color, no diseases or pests, and uniform growth. Spray H2O2 solution at a concentration of 5 mmol / L continuously for 10 days before transplanting, focusing on spraying the leaf buds.

[0011] Step 2) Substrate Preparation and Disinfection: Commercial substrates should be used for seedling cultivation, and they should have the following characteristics: Total nutrient content (N+P2O2+K2O): 2%-4%, Organic matter content (dry basis): ≥20%, pH value: 5.5-7.5, EC value 1-3. Disinfection method: Starting in early to mid-July, apply high-quality organic fertilizer, rice bran, or lime chlorine to the substrate → turn it into the substrate → water, cover the ground with film, and close the greenhouse → continuously disinfect with solar high temperature for 20-30 days → remove the film covering the substrate, ventilate the greenhouse or remove the greenhouse film → apply bio-fertilizer half a month before strawberry planting, till and ridge → keep the ridge surface moist.

[0012] Step 3) Seedling root dipping treatment: Select 100 "Miaoxiang No. 7" strawberry seedlings and use a solution of 100 billion CFU / g Bacillus subtilis at 500 times dilution + 25% pyraclostrobin at 1000 times dilution + Bihu at 5000 times dilution for root dipping treatment, soaking in the solution for 10 minutes.

[0013] Step 4) Transplanting: Transplant the plants in double rows in the trough-type seedling trays, with a row spacing of 10-15 cm and a plant spacing of 15-20 cm. The planting depth should be such that the rootstock is level with the substrate, with the arched back facing outwards from the trough. Water promptly to help the roots establish, ensuring the leaves do not droop due to water loss. Shade the seedlings immediately after transplanting, and remove the shading once they have established themselves. During consecutive cloudy or rainy days, supplemental lighting should be used, providing 2-3 hours of light daily. Do not apply any fertilizer within 15 days of transplanting.

[0014] Step 5) Preparation of the new root-promoting formula: Add 10 jin of brown sugar and 5 jin of boiled water, stir thoroughly, place the sugar water in a container and boil over high heat until the syrup can be pulled into threads, then turn to low heat and stir until the syrup turns yellow and large bubbles become small bubbles, indicating that the syrup is ready. Then pour the syrup into a grid mold with squares of 2cm*2cm*2cm. Before the syrup cools but solidifies, add 1mL of 15mmol / L H2O2 solution and 1mL of 100-fold diluted 1 billion CFU / g Bacillus polymyxa to each square. Place in a dark place until it solidifies into a block, then pour it out of the mold and put it into a black container for storage at low temperature.

[0015] Step 6) Placement of the new root-promoting agent: 15 days after the strawberry seedlings are planted and have successfully recovered, bury the new root-promoting agent shallowly in the substrate, about 3cm away from the seedlings, one piece per seedling. Water immediately and follow the usual water management steps until the new root-protecting agent has completely dissolved. Then continue to add the new root-promoting agent until flowering.

[0016] Step 7) Nitrogen fertilizer management: 15 days after the strawberry seedlings are planted and have survived, apply nitrogen precisely at the same time. Use ammonium nitrogen fertilizer at a concentration of 15 mmol / L, apply it twice to promote root growth. Before covering with mulch, apply 10 kg / mu of potassium fertilizer and 7 kg / mu of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer.

[0017] Step 8) Cultivation and management before flowering: After transplanting, shade nets need to be installed for low-temperature management. During continuous cloudy and rainy days, supplemental lighting should be used to provide 2-3 hours of light per day.

[0018] From early September to mid-to-late October, daytime temperatures should not exceed 30℃ and nighttime temperatures should not fall below 12℃ to ensure axillary bud differentiation; Thoroughly water the substrate before transplanting; maintain a humidity of 70-80% for two weeks after transplanting; provide sufficient water from the budding stage to the flowering stage, keeping the humidity at around 60%; reduce water during the flowering stage, maintaining a humidity of 50-60%.

[0019] The “Miaoxiang No. 7” strawberry seedlings selected in this embodiment, treated according to the above method, are recorded as the treatment group; at the same time, a control group is set up. The control group is managed in a routine manner, without spraying H2O2 treatment or placing the new root-promoting agent, and the other steps are the same. In early November, the budding rate was investigated, and the entire plant was dug up. Root morphology, including total root length, total surface area, average diameter, and total root volume, was observed and measured using RHIZO 2009 software. Table 1 shows the flower characteristics of the treatment and control groups. As shown in Table 1, at the same time, the budding rate of the treatment group obtained using this method was significantly higher than that of the control group, with 43.75% more buds in the treatment group than in the control group. This indicates that strawberry seedlings treated using this method flower and bear fruit earlier than conventionally managed strawberry seedlings. Regarding root system performance (see Table 2 and...),... Figure 1 The total root length, diameter, surface area, and total volume of the treatment group were all higher than those of the control group. The total root length was 33.6% longer than that of the control group, indicating that the strawberry seedlings after treatment had a more developed root system, which is conducive to fertilizer absorption and thus promotes flower bud differentiation.

[0020] .

[0021] .

Claims

1. A method for promoting early flowering of strawberries, characterized in that: Step 1) Exogenous H2O2 flower promotion treatment Select strawberry seedlings that are about 60-70 days old, with full leaves, fresh and normal color, no diseases and insect pests, and uniform growth. 10 days before planting, spray 5mmol / L H2O2 solution continuously for 10 days, focusing on the leaf buds of the strawberry seedlings; Step 2) Matrix configuration The seedling medium must have the following characteristics: total nutrient content calculated as N+P2O2+K2O: 2%-4%, organic matter content dry basis ≥20%, pH value 5.5-7.5, EC value 1-3; Substrate disinfection method: Starting from the first half of July, spread high-quality organic fertilizer, rice bran or lime chloride in the substrate → turn the substrate into the substrate → add water, cover the ground with film, and close the greenhouse → continue solar high-temperature disinfection for 20-30 days → remove the film covering the substrate, ventilate the greenhouse or remove the greenhouse mold → apply biological fertilizer half a month before the strawberry seedlings are planted, plow and ridge → keep the ridge surface moist; Step 3) Planting Before planting, the strawberry seedlings were root-dipped and soaked in a solution for 10 minutes. The solution was made of 500 times 100 billion cfu / g of Bacillus subtilis + 1000 times 25% pyraclostrobin + 5000 times of Bihu. Then plant the soaked strawberry seedlings in double rows in a rack-type seedling trough, with a row spacing of 10 cm to 15 cm and a plant spacing of 15 cm to 20 cm; the strawberry seedlings are planted at a depth that the root and stem are flush with the substrate, with the arched back facing the outside of the three-dimensional trough; water the roots in time to prevent the leaves from losing water and drooping; shade the strawberry seedlings immediately after planting, and remove the shading equipment after they survive; supplementary lights should be used on consecutive rainy days, and supplementary light for 2 to 3 hours a day; no fertilizer should be applied within 15 days of planting; Step 4) Preparation of new root-promoting formula Stir 10 jin of brown sugar and 5 jin of boiled water to make syrup, then add the syrup into a container and boil over high heat. When the syrup can be threaded, turn to low heat and stir and boil. When the syrup turns yellow and the large bubbles turn into small bubbles, it is ready. Then pour the syrup into a mold with squares, where the square size is 2cm*2cm*2cm. When the syrup cools but before it solidifies into blocks, drop 1mL of 15mmol / L H2O2 solution and 1mL of 100 times solution of 1 billion cfu / g Bacillus polymyxa into each square, put it in a dark place, wait until it solidifies into blocks, and the new root-promoting prescription is ready. Pour it out of the mold, put it into a black container, and store it at a low temperature. Step 5) Placement of the new root-promoting formula 15 days after the strawberry seedlings are planted, after the seedlings have been successfully grown, bury the new root-promoting formula shallowly in the seedling medium, 3 cm away from the seedlings. Place one piece of seedling medium for each strawberry seedling and water it immediately. Follow the conventional steps for water management in the later stage until the new root-promoting formula is completely melted, and then continue to add the new root-promoting formula until flowering; Step 6) Nitrogen Fertilizer Management 15 days after the strawberry seedlings are planted and survive, precise nitrogen application is carried out at the same time. Ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is used at a concentration of 15mmol / L and flushed twice to promote root growth; before covering the ground with film, potassium fertilizer is applied at 10kg / mu and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is applied at 7kg / mu; Step 7) Cultivation and management before flowering After transplanting, a sunshade net should be installed for low temperature management. Supplementary lighting should be used on consecutive rainy days, with supplementary lighting for 2 to 3 hours per day. From early September to mid-late October, the daytime temperature should not exceed 30°C and the nighttime temperature should not be lower than 12°C to ensure the differentiation of axillary buds. Water the substrate thoroughly before transplanting, and maintain a humidity of 70-80% within 2 weeks after transplanting; provide sufficient water from the budding period to the flowering period, keeping the humidity at around 60%; reduce the water content during the flowering period, maintaining 50-60%.

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