Construction method of ecological floating breakwater

Abstract

The invention relates to the related fields of ocean engineering and environmental protection, in particular to a construction method of an ecological floating breakwater, which adopts modular design, allows breakwater modules to be preassembled on the shore or on a ship, and reduces the site construction difficulty and time. Each module is provided with an ecological groove which can be filled with plant seeds and other ecological materials, and marine biological diversity and ecological system restoration are promoted. The floating structure is fixed to a designated position through an anchor chain or an anchor pile, high adaptability and stability are achieved, and sea level changes and wave impact can be effectively coped with. The construction and maintenance process of the breakwater is simplified, physical damage to the marine environment is reduced, and an environment-friendly and economical coast protection solution is provided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to marine engineering and environmental protection related fields, and in particular to a construction method of an ecological floating breakwater. Background Art

[0002] Traditional breakwaters are usually made of rigid materials, such as concrete and stones, which have a certain ability to resist wind and waves, but have a great impact on the marine ecological environment. The construction process of rigid breakwaters is complicated and costly, and it will destroy the natural ecosystem of coastal waters and affect the habitat and reproduction of marine organisms. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a floating breakwater that can effectively resist wind and waves and protect and promote the marine ecological environment. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a construction method of an ecological floating breakwater to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a construction method of an ecological floating breakwater, comprising the following steps:

[0005] Step 1: Material selection: Select environmentally friendly materials as the main structural materials of the breakwater, specifically natural wood, degradable plastics or composite materials, and set up buoyancy boxes filled with air or lightweight materials inside the structure according to buoyancy requirements;

[0006] Step 2: Modular design: The breakwater is designed into multiple standardized modules. Each module contains a buoy, an ecological tank and a connecting structure. The ecological tank adopts a porous design and is filled with marine plant seeds, silt, and reef ecological materials to form an ecological environment underwater.

[0007] Step 3: Site survey: Before construction, conduct detailed geological and hydrological surveys of the breakwater construction area to determine the appropriate breakwater layout and installation depth;

[0008] Step 4: Module assembly: pre-assemble the breakwater modules on shore or on board, ensure that the connections between the modules are secure, and pre-fill the eco-troughs with plant seeds and other ecological materials;

[0009] Step 5, floating installation: Use lifting equipment or tugboats to transport the pre-assembled breakwater modules to the construction site, connect the modules one by one, and fix them in the designated position by anchor chains or anchor piles;

[0010] Step 6: Ecological monitoring: After the breakwater is installed, the surrounding marine ecological environment is regularly monitored to assess its impact on the marine ecology and to perform maintenance and adjustments as needed, including replenishing ecological materials and repairing damaged structures;

[0011] Step 7: Vegetation restoration: Plant marine plants on or around the surface of the breakwater to form a stable ecosystem and further enhance the ecological function of the breakwater.

[0012] Preferably, the specific contents of setting a buoyancy box filled with air or light materials inside the structure according to the buoyancy requirements in step 1 are as follows:

[0013] Floating box material: The pontoon is set inside the breakwater module to support the floating of the breakwater. The material of the pontoon is lightweight and corrosion-resistant, specifically high-density polyethylene or environmentally friendly composite materials. These materials have good water resistance and pressure resistance, and can ensure that the pontoon maintains good buoyancy and stability under long-term seawater immersion;

[0014] Inflatable pontoons: Inflatable pontoons provide buoyancy by injecting air or inert gas. The outer shell of the pontoon is made of high-density plastic or composite materials to prevent leakage and structural damage. During the long-term use of the breakwater, the inflatable pontoon can maintain a relatively stable buoyancy and can be maintained through simple inflation operations;

[0015] Filling with lightweight materials: Lightweight materials are filled inside the pontoon, including polystyrene foam and polyurethane foam. Lightweight materials are light in weight, have strong buoyancy, and can maintain long-term structural stability. At the same time, lightweight materials can be cut into different shapes according to needs to adapt to different module designs of breakwaters.

[0016] Preferably, the modular design in step 2 specifically includes the following contents:

[0017] A. Components of the module:

[0018] Float: The pontoon is a key component that provides buoyancy in the module. It is located at the bottom or inside of the module. The design of the pontoon is divided into the following points: Material selection: The pontoon is usually made of environmentally friendly materials that are resistant to seawater corrosion, specifically high-density polyethylene or natural fiber reinforced composite materials. The pontoon provides the necessary buoyancy by inflating or filling lightweight materials; Buoyancy adjustment: The pontoon is designed with an adjustable buoyancy structure, specifically by adjusting the amount of inflation or the amount of filling to adapt to different sea conditions; Structural design: The shape and size of the pontoon should be designed according to the total weight of the module and the use environment to ensure the stability and anti-overturning of the module in the water;

[0019] Ecological trough: The ecological trough is a part of the module that is specifically used for ecological restoration. It is specifically designed on the upper or side of the module and adopts a porous design in structure. The design and functions of the ecological trough are as follows: Porous structure: The surface of the ecological trough is designed to be porous, and the holes are of moderate size. It can accommodate fillers such as silt, reefs, etc., and allow water and marine life to enter and exit freely. The porous structure helps to maintain the water circulation inside the ecological trough and prevent the deterioration of water quality; Filling materials: The ecological trough is filled with various materials that contribute to ecological restoration, including but not limited to the following categories: marine plant seeds, silt, reefs and biological matrices; Self-sustaining ecosystem: The ecological materials in the ecological trough can sustain themselves. Over time, marine plants and organisms will gradually cover the entire trough to form a stable ecosystem;

[0020] Connection structure: used to firmly connect each independent module together to form a continuous breakwater system. The design of the connection structure specifically includes the following: Connection method: The connection between modules can be adopted in a variety of ways, including mechanical connection, lock connection or flexible connection. The mechanical connection adopts bolt and hinge fixing structure to ensure that the module is not easy to fall off in wind and waves. The flexible connection is connected by chain and rope, allowing a certain degree of freedom between modules to adapt to different sea conditions; Durability: The material of the connection structure must have excellent corrosion resistance, and stainless steel, alloy steel or high-strength plastic with anti-corrosion treatment should be selected;

[0021] B. Standardization and customization of modules:

[0022] Standardized modules: All modules are consistent in size, connection method, and material selection to facilitate production and assembly. Standardized modules are suitable for most common marine environments.

[0023] Customized modules: Some modules are customized to meet special marine environments or ecological needs. Specifically, in coral reef areas, the amount of coral matrix is ​​increased or special ecological tanks are set up to promote coral recovery; in areas with strong winds and waves, the buoyancy of the pontoon and the strength of the connection structure are enhanced.

[0024] Preferably, the specific steps of the on-site survey in step 3 are as follows:

[0025] Step 31. Preliminary investigation and preparation: Collect historical meteorological, oceanographic, hydrological and geological data of the construction area, including information on wind speed, wave height, tide, current and seismic activity; consult existing geological, hydrological and ecological research reports to understand the geological structure, seabed sediment type and marine biological community in the area; divide the construction area into several survey areas based on the preliminary data to ensure that the geological and hydrological conditions of each area are fully covered;

[0026] Step 32, geological survey: Use a multi-beam sonar system to scan the seabed in the survey area, generate a three-dimensional topographic map of the seabed, identify the morphological features of the seabed, and then use side-scan sonar to detect the surface features of the seabed to provide reference for further geological surveys; use a sediment sampler to sample seabed sediments in multiple survey areas, perform particle size analysis, mineral composition analysis and water content test on the collected sediment samples to determine the bearing capacity and stability of the seabed; conduct seabed drilling in the survey area, collect core samples, and gain an in-depth understanding of the geological layer structure below the seabed; based on the survey data, assess potential geological risks;

[0027] Step 33, hydrological condition survey: Use wave height meter or wave measurement buoy to record wave height data in the construction area, analyze the maximum wave height, average wave height, wave period parameters, measure the speed and direction of the tidal current, and analyze the flow velocity changes and flow field distribution under different tidal conditions; use current meter or ADCP to measure the speed and direction of the ocean current in the construction area; collect wind speed and direction data in the construction area, especially the wind conditions under extreme weather conditions;

[0028] Step 34, Ecological and Environmental Assessment: Investigate the main marine biological communities in the construction area, record species, quantity and distribution; collect water samples at different depths, analyze water quality parameters, specifically dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, salinity, nutrient content, and identify potential pollution sources in or near the construction area, and assess their impact on construction and breakwater functions; collect benthic samples, analyze their community structure and biodiversity, and assess the impact of breakwater construction on the benthic ecosystem;

[0029] Step 35. Data analysis and plan formulation: After completing the geological, hydrological and ecological surveys, conduct a comprehensive analysis of the collected data and formulate a suitable breakwater construction plan. Specifically, determine the foundation design and installation location of the breakwater based on the seabed topography, sediment and core analysis results; optimize the shape and layout of the breakwater based on wave, tide, current and wind data; formulate ecological protection measures during the construction process based on the results of the ecological and environmental assessment; determine the layout of the breakwater based on the geological and hydrological conditions; and determine the installation depth of the breakwater based on the seabed bearing capacity and wave height.

[0030] Preferably, the specific steps of module assembly in step 4 are as follows:

[0031] Step 41, module positioning and alignment: according to the assembly plan, place the modules at the assembly site according to the designed positions to ensure that the connection interfaces between the modules are aligned; use a laser locator or measuring tool to accurately align the connection points of the modules to ensure that the overall structure after the modules are assembled is flat and stable;

[0032] Step 42, assembly of connection structure: according to the design requirements, install the connection parts between the modules; perform necessary sealing treatment at the connection, use waterproof sealant or sealing strips to prevent water from penetrating into the module connection gap and affecting the buoyancy and structural stability;

[0033] Step 43, installation of the pontoon and the eco-tank: fix the pontoon at the designated position of the module, ensure that it is firmly installed, and check the sealing of the pontoon; connect the eco-tank with the main structure of the module, ensure the stability of the eco-tank and the correct position of the porous design;

[0034] Step 44, filling of ecological materials: evenly distribute the plant seeds in the filling area of ​​the ecological tank and ensure that they are evenly mixed with the mud or matrix materials; fill the bottom or side of the ecological tank with small reefs or coral matrix to provide an environment for marine organisms to attach and inhabit; after the filling is completed, conduct water quality testing to ensure that the environment in the ecological tank is suitable for the growth of plant seeds;

[0035] Step 45, inspection and testing after assembly: Check the firmness and sealing of all connection points to ensure that there is no looseness or leakage; reconfirm the alignment between modules to ensure the integrity and balance of the breakwater structure; perform buoyancy tests on land or in shallow water to ensure that the buoyancy of the pontoon can support the entire module and that the module has good stability in the water; after all modules are assembled, perform an overall buoyancy test to check whether the breakwater can maintain the expected buoyancy and stability in the water; confirm whether the porous structure of the ecological tank is normal and whether the water flow can pass freely to maintain the health of the ecological environment in the tank;

[0036] Step 46: Prepare for on-site installation: Before transporting the modules to the site, re-survey the hydrological and geological conditions of the installation area to ensure that there are no new changes that affect the installation; based on the on-site survey results, fine-tune the position or angle of the modules to ensure the final installation effect of the breakwater.

[0037] Preferably, the specific steps of the floating installation in step 5 are as follows:

[0038] Step 51, installation plan formulation: according to the location and hydrological conditions of the construction site, plan the best transportation route from the assembly site to the construction site to ensure the smooth and safe navigation; according to the weight and size of the module, select appropriate lifting equipment and auxiliary equipment to complete the transportation and installation of the module; according to the seabed conditions and water depth of the construction area, design the fixing plan of the anchor chain or anchor pile to ensure the stability of the breakwater in the water;

[0039] Step 52, module loading: using lifting equipment to load the pre-assembled modules from the assembly area on shore or on board the ship onto a barge or tugboat;

[0040] Step 53, module transportation: Use barges for transportation, and use tugboats to tow the modules to the construction site; monitor the waterway conditions in real time during transportation;

[0041] Step 54, floating installation of modules: pre-deploy positioning buoys at the construction site to mark the installation location of each module, ensure that the modules are placed in the correct location, that is, use navigation equipment such as GPS to ensure that the module transport ship is aligned with the positioning buoy, and ensure that the modules can be accurately lowered to the designated location; use lifting equipment to lift the modules from the transport ship and slowly place them in the designated waters; dock the modules one by one, accurately dock the connection structures between the modules, and use tools to tighten them; after the connection is completed, check the buoyancy of the modules;

[0042] Step 55, anchoring and fixing of the module: select an anchor chain of appropriate length and strength according to the seabed type and water depth; connect one end of the anchor chain to the fixed point of the module, and slowly lower the anchor chain through the lifting equipment to anchor it firmly on the seabed; in areas where anchor piles are required, use GPS and sonar equipment to accurately locate the installation position of the anchor piles, use a pile-driving ship or floating crane equipment to drive the anchor piles into the seabed, and after the anchor piles are driven into the seabed, connect the anchor piles to the fixed structure of the module to ensure that the breakwater module is firmly fixed in the predetermined position.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0044] The present invention designs a special ecological tank that can be pre-filled with plant seeds and other ecological materials during the module assembly process to promote the recovery and protection of the marine ecosystem. By providing a suitable growth environment and habitat, it helps to improve the biodiversity in the region and restore the damaged marine ecosystem;

[0045] The present invention adopts a modular design, making the manufacture, transportation and installation of the breakwater more flexible and convenient. The modules can be pre-assembled on shore or on board, reducing the complexity and time cost of on-site construction, and the connection between the modules is stable, which can effectively cope with severe sea conditions; the design of the floating breakwater makes it highly adaptable and can be adjusted according to different sea conditions. By fixing with anchor chains or anchor piles, the breakwater can remain stable under sea level rise and fall and wave impact, reducing damage to the seabed and reducing the risk of coastline erosion;

[0046] The floating installation method of the present invention simplifies a large amount of earthwork and seabed foundation engineering in traditional breakwater construction, reducing construction time and cost. The use of lifting equipment or tugboats to transport and install modules improves the safety and efficiency of construction, and is particularly suitable for breakwater construction in complex marine environments;

[0047] The present invention reduces the use of a large amount of stone and concrete in traditional breakwater construction, reduces the physical damage to the marine environment and carbon emissions during construction. At the same time, the modular design reduces the environmental impact of the construction site, and helps to achieve the coastal protection function while protecting the marine environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a technical solution: a construction method of an ecological floating breakwater, comprising the following steps:

[0051] Step 1: Material selection: Select environmentally friendly materials as the main structural materials of the breakwater, specifically natural wood, degradable plastics or composite materials, and set up buoyancy boxes filled with air or lightweight materials inside the structure according to buoyancy requirements;

[0052] Step 2: Modular design: The breakwater is designed into multiple standardized modules. Each module contains a buoy, an ecological tank and a connecting structure. The ecological tank adopts a porous design and is filled with marine plant seeds, silt, and reef ecological materials to form an ecological environment underwater.

[0053] Step 3: Site survey: Before construction, conduct detailed geological and hydrological surveys of the breakwater construction area to determine the appropriate breakwater layout and installation depth;

[0054] Step 4: Module assembly: pre-assemble the breakwater modules on shore or on board, ensure that the connections between the modules are secure, and pre-fill the eco-troughs with plant seeds and other ecological materials;

[0055] Step 5, floating installation: Use lifting equipment or tugboats to transport the pre-assembled breakwater modules to the construction site, connect the modules one by one, and fix them in the designated position by anchor chains or anchor piles;

[0056] Step 6: Ecological monitoring: After the breakwater is installed, the surrounding marine ecological environment is regularly monitored to assess its impact on the marine ecology and to perform maintenance and adjustments as needed, including replenishing ecological materials and repairing damaged structures;

[0057] Step 7: Vegetation restoration: Plant marine plants on or around the surface of the breakwater to form a stable ecosystem and further enhance the ecological function of the breakwater.

[0058] Furthermore, the specific contents of setting a buoyancy box filled with air or light materials inside the structure according to the buoyancy requirements in step 1 are as follows:

[0059] Floating box material: The pontoon is set inside the breakwater module to support the floating of the breakwater. The material of the pontoon is lightweight and corrosion-resistant, specifically high-density polyethylene or environmentally friendly composite materials. These materials have good water resistance and pressure resistance, and can ensure that the pontoon maintains good buoyancy and stability under long-term seawater immersion;

[0060] Inflatable pontoons: Inflatable pontoons provide buoyancy by injecting air or inert gas. The outer shell of the pontoon is made of high-density plastic or composite materials to prevent leakage and structural damage. During the long-term use of the breakwater, the inflatable pontoon can maintain a relatively stable buoyancy and can be maintained through simple inflation operations;

[0061] Filling with lightweight materials: Lightweight materials are filled inside the pontoon, including polystyrene foam and polyurethane foam. Lightweight materials are light in weight, have strong buoyancy, and can maintain long-term structural stability. At the same time, lightweight materials can be cut into different shapes according to needs to adapt to different module designs of breakwaters.

[0062] Furthermore, the modular design in step 2 specifically includes the following contents:

[0063] A. Components of the module:

[0064] Float: The pontoon is a key component that provides buoyancy in the module. It is located at the bottom or inside of the module. The design of the pontoon is divided into the following points: Material selection: The pontoon is usually made of environmentally friendly materials that are resistant to seawater corrosion, specifically high-density polyethylene or natural fiber reinforced composite materials. The pontoon provides the necessary buoyancy by inflating or filling lightweight materials; Buoyancy adjustment: The pontoon is designed with an adjustable buoyancy structure, specifically by adjusting the amount of inflation or the amount of filling to adapt to different sea conditions; Structural design: The shape and size of the pontoon should be designed according to the total weight of the module and the use environment to ensure the stability and anti-overturning of the module in the water;

[0065] Ecological trough: The ecological trough is a part of the module that is specifically used for ecological restoration. It is specifically designed on the upper or side of the module and adopts a porous design in structure. The design and functions of the ecological trough are as follows: Porous structure: The surface of the ecological trough is designed to be porous, and the holes are of moderate size. It can accommodate fillers such as silt, reefs, etc., and allow water and marine life to enter and exit freely. The porous structure helps to maintain the water circulation inside the ecological trough and prevent the deterioration of water quality; Filling materials: The ecological trough is filled with various materials that contribute to ecological restoration, including but not limited to the following categories: marine plant seeds, silt, reefs and biological matrices; Self-sustaining ecosystem: The ecological materials in the ecological trough can sustain themselves. Over time, marine plants and organisms will gradually cover the entire trough to form a stable ecosystem;

[0066] Connection structure: used to firmly connect each independent module together to form a continuous breakwater system. The design of the connection structure specifically includes the following: Connection method: The connection between modules can be adopted in a variety of ways, including mechanical connection, lock connection or flexible connection. The mechanical connection adopts bolt and hinge fixing structure to ensure that the module is not easy to fall off in wind and waves. The flexible connection is connected by chain and rope, allowing a certain degree of freedom between modules to adapt to different sea conditions; Durability: The material of the connection structure must have excellent corrosion resistance, and stainless steel, alloy steel or high-strength plastic with anti-corrosion treatment should be selected;

[0067] B. Standardization and customization of modules:

[0068] Standardized modules: All modules are consistent in size, connection method, and material selection to facilitate production and assembly. Standardized modules are suitable for most common marine environments.

[0069] Customized modules: Some modules are customized to meet special marine environments or ecological needs. Specifically, in coral reef areas, the amount of coral matrix is ​​increased or special ecological tanks are set up to promote coral recovery; in areas with strong winds and waves, the buoyancy of the pontoon and the strength of the connection structure are enhanced.

[0070] Furthermore, the specific steps of the on-site survey in step 3 are as follows:

[0071] Step 31. Preliminary investigation and preparation: Collect historical meteorological, oceanographic, hydrological and geological data of the construction area, including information on wind speed, wave height, tide, current and seismic activity; consult existing geological, hydrological and ecological research reports to understand the geological structure, seabed sediment type and marine biological community in the area; divide the construction area into several survey areas based on the preliminary data to ensure that the geological and hydrological conditions of each area are fully covered;

[0072] Step 32, geological survey: Use a multi-beam sonar system to scan the seabed in the survey area, generate a three-dimensional topographic map of the seabed, identify the morphological features of the seabed, and then use side-scan sonar to detect the surface features of the seabed to provide reference for further geological surveys; use a sediment sampler to sample seabed sediments in multiple survey areas, perform particle size analysis, mineral composition analysis and water content test on the collected sediment samples to determine the bearing capacity and stability of the seabed; conduct seabed drilling in the survey area, collect core samples, and gain an in-depth understanding of the geological layer structure below the seabed; based on the survey data, assess potential geological risks;

[0073] Step 33, hydrological condition survey: Use wave height meter or wave measurement buoy to record wave height data in the construction area, analyze the maximum wave height, average wave height, wave period parameters, measure the speed and direction of the tidal current, and analyze the flow velocity changes and flow field distribution under different tidal conditions; use current meter or ADCP to measure the speed and direction of the ocean current in the construction area; collect wind speed and direction data in the construction area, especially the wind conditions under extreme weather conditions;

[0074] Step 34, Ecological and Environmental Assessment: Investigate the main marine biological communities in the construction area, record species, quantity and distribution; collect water samples at different depths, analyze water quality parameters, specifically dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, salinity, nutrient content, and identify potential pollution sources in or near the construction area, and assess their impact on construction and breakwater functions; collect benthic samples, analyze their community structure and biodiversity, and assess the impact of breakwater construction on the benthic ecosystem;

[0075] Step 35. Data analysis and plan formulation: After completing the geological, hydrological and ecological surveys, conduct a comprehensive analysis of the collected data and formulate a suitable breakwater construction plan. Specifically, determine the foundation design and installation location of the breakwater based on the seabed topography, sediment and core analysis results; optimize the shape and layout of the breakwater based on wave, tide, current and wind data; formulate ecological protection measures during the construction process based on the results of the ecological and environmental assessment; determine the layout of the breakwater based on the geological and hydrological conditions; and determine the installation depth of the breakwater based on the seabed bearing capacity and wave height.

[0076] Furthermore, the specific steps of module assembly in step 4 are as follows:

[0077] Step 41, module positioning and alignment: according to the assembly plan, place the modules at the assembly site according to the designed positions to ensure that the connection interfaces between the modules are aligned; use a laser locator or measuring tool to accurately align the connection points of the modules to ensure that the overall structure after the modules are assembled is flat and stable;

[0078] Step 42, assembly of connection structure: according to the design requirements, install the connection parts between the modules; perform necessary sealing treatment at the connection, use waterproof sealant or sealing strips to prevent water from penetrating into the module connection gap and affecting the buoyancy and structural stability;

[0079] Step 43, installation of the pontoon and the eco-tank: fix the pontoon at the designated position of the module, ensure that it is firmly installed, and check the sealing of the pontoon; connect the eco-tank with the main structure of the module, ensure the stability of the eco-tank and the correct position of the porous design;

[0080] Step 44, filling of ecological materials: evenly distribute the plant seeds in the filling area of ​​the ecological tank and ensure that they are evenly mixed with the mud or matrix materials; fill the bottom or side of the ecological tank with small reefs or coral matrix to provide an environment for marine organisms to attach and inhabit; after the filling is completed, conduct water quality testing to ensure that the environment in the ecological tank is suitable for the growth of plant seeds;

[0081] Step 45, inspection and testing after assembly: Check the firmness and sealing of all connection points to ensure that there is no looseness or leakage; reconfirm the alignment between modules to ensure the integrity and balance of the breakwater structure; perform buoyancy tests on land or in shallow water to ensure that the buoyancy of the pontoon can support the entire module and that the module has good stability in the water; after all modules are assembled, perform an overall buoyancy test to check whether the breakwater can maintain the expected buoyancy and stability in the water; confirm whether the porous structure of the ecological tank is normal and whether the water flow can pass freely to maintain the health of the ecological environment in the tank;

[0082] Step 46: Prepare for on-site installation: Before transporting the modules to the site, re-survey the hydrological and geological conditions of the installation area to ensure that there are no new changes that affect the installation; based on the on-site survey results, fine-tune the position or angle of the modules to ensure the final installation effect of the breakwater.

[0083] Furthermore, the specific steps of the floating installation in step 5 are as follows:

[0084] Step 51, installation plan formulation: according to the location and hydrological conditions of the construction site, plan the best transportation route from the assembly site to the construction site to ensure the smooth and safe navigation; according to the weight and size of the module, select appropriate lifting equipment and auxiliary equipment to complete the transportation and installation of the module; according to the seabed conditions and water depth of the construction area, design the fixing plan of the anchor chain or anchor pile to ensure the stability of the breakwater in the water;

[0085] Step 52, module loading: using lifting equipment to load the pre-assembled modules from the assembly area on shore or on board the ship onto a barge or tugboat;

[0086] Step 53, module transportation: Use barges for transportation, and use tugboats to tow the modules to the construction site; monitor the waterway conditions in real time during transportation;

[0087] Step 54, floating installation of modules: pre-deploy positioning buoys at the construction site to mark the installation location of each module, ensure that the modules are placed in the correct location, that is, use navigation equipment such as GPS to ensure that the module transport ship is aligned with the positioning buoy, and ensure that the modules can be accurately lowered to the designated location; use lifting equipment to lift the modules from the transport ship and slowly place them in the designated waters; dock the modules one by one, accurately dock the connection structures between the modules, and use tools to tighten them; after the connection is completed, check the buoyancy of the modules;

[0088] Step 55, anchoring and fixing of the module: select an anchor chain of appropriate length and strength according to the seabed type and water depth; connect one end of the anchor chain to the fixed point of the module, and slowly lower the anchor chain through the lifting equipment to anchor it firmly on the seabed; in areas where anchor piles are required, use GPS and sonar equipment to accurately locate the installation position of the anchor piles, use a pile-driving ship or floating crane equipment to drive the anchor piles into the seabed, and after the anchor piles are driven into the seabed, connect the anchor piles to the fixed structure of the module to ensure that the breakwater module is firmly fixed in the predetermined position.

[0089] The present invention designs a special ecological trough, which can be pre-filled with plant seeds and other ecological materials during the module assembly process to promote the recovery and protection of the marine ecosystem. By providing a suitable growth environment and habitat, it is helpful to improve the biodiversity in the region and restore the damaged marine ecosystem; the present invention adopts a modular design to make the manufacture, transportation and installation of the breakwater more flexible and convenient. The modules can be pre-assembled on shore or on board, reducing the complexity and time cost of on-site construction, and the connection between the modules is stable, which can effectively cope with severe sea conditions; the design of the floating breakwater makes it highly adaptable and can be adjusted according to different sea conditions. By fixing with anchor chains or anchor piles, the breakwater can remain stable under the rise and fall of sea levels and the impact of waves, reducing damage to the seabed and reducing the risk of coastline erosion; the floating installation method of the present invention simplifies a large amount of earthwork and submarine foundation engineering in traditional breakwater construction, reducing construction time and cost. The use of lifting equipment or tugboats to transport and install modules improves the safety and efficiency of construction, and is particularly suitable for breakwater construction in complex marine environments; the present invention reduces the use of a large amount of stone and concrete in traditional breakwater construction, and reduces the physical damage and carbon emissions of construction to the marine environment. At the same time, the modular design reduces the environmental impact of the construction site and helps to achieve coastal protection functions while protecting the marine environment.

[0090] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A construction method for an ecological floating breakwater, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Material selection: Select environmentally friendly materials as the main structural materials of the breakwater, specifically natural wood, degradable plastics or composite materials, and set up buoyancy boxes filled with air or lightweight materials inside the structure according to buoyancy requirements; Step 2: Modular design: The breakwater is designed into multiple standardized modules. Each module contains a buoy, an ecological tank and a connecting structure. The ecological tank adopts a porous design and is filled with marine plant seeds, silt, and reef ecological materials to form an ecological environment underwater. Step 3: Site survey: Before construction, conduct detailed geological and hydrological surveys of the breakwater construction area to determine the appropriate breakwater layout and installation depth; Step 4: Module assembly: pre-assemble the breakwater modules on shore or on board, ensure that the connections between the modules are secure, and pre-fill the eco-troughs with plant seeds and other ecological materials; Step 5, floating installation: Use lifting equipment or tugboats to transport the pre-assembled breakwater modules to the construction site, connect the modules one by one, and fix them in the designated position by anchor chains or anchor piles; Step 6: Ecological monitoring: After the breakwater is installed, the surrounding marine ecological environment is regularly monitored to assess its impact on the marine ecology and to perform maintenance and adjustments as needed, including replenishing ecological materials and repairing damaged structures; Step 7: Vegetation restoration: Plant marine plants on or around the surface of the breakwater to form a stable ecosystem and further enhance the ecological function of the breakwater.

2. The construction method of an ecological floating breakwater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific contents of setting a buoyancy box filled with air or light materials inside the structure according to the buoyancy requirements in step 1 are as follows: Floating box material: The pontoon is set inside the breakwater module to support the floating of the breakwater. The material of the pontoon is lightweight and corrosion-resistant, specifically high-density polyethylene or environmentally friendly composite materials. These materials have good water resistance and pressure resistance, and can ensure that the pontoon maintains good buoyancy and stability under long-term seawater immersion; Inflatable pontoons: Inflatable pontoons provide buoyancy by injecting air or inert gas. The outer shell of the pontoon is made of high-density plastic or composite materials to prevent leakage and structural damage. During the long-term use of the breakwater, the inflatable pontoon can maintain a relatively stable buoyancy and can be maintained through simple inflation operations; Filling with lightweight materials: Lightweight materials are filled inside the pontoon, including polystyrene foam and polyurethane foam. Lightweight materials are light in weight, have strong buoyancy, and can maintain long-term structural stability. At the same time, lightweight materials can be cut into different shapes according to needs to adapt to different module designs of breakwaters.

3. The construction method of an ecological floating breakwater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The modular design in step 2 specifically includes the following contents: A. Components of the module: Float: The pontoon is a key component that provides buoyancy in the module. It is located at the bottom or inside of the module. The design of the pontoon is divided into the following points: Material selection: The pontoon is usually made of environmentally friendly materials that are resistant to seawater corrosion, specifically high-density polyethylene or natural fiber reinforced composite materials. The pontoon provides the necessary buoyancy by inflating or filling lightweight materials; Buoyancy adjustment: The pontoon is designed with an adjustable buoyancy structure, specifically by adjusting the amount of inflation or the amount of filling to adapt to different sea conditions; Structural design: The shape and size of the pontoon should be designed according to the total weight of the module and the use environment to ensure the stability and anti-overturning of the module in the water; Ecological trough: The ecological trough is a part of the module that is specifically used for ecological restoration. It is specifically designed on the upper or side of the module and adopts a porous design in structure. The design and functions of the ecological trough are as follows: Porous structure: The surface of the ecological trough is designed to be porous, and the holes are of moderate size. It can accommodate fillers such as silt, reefs, etc., and allow water and marine life to enter and exit freely. The porous structure helps to maintain the water circulation inside the ecological trough and prevent the deterioration of water quality; Filling materials: The ecological trough is filled with various materials that contribute to ecological restoration, including but not limited to the following categories: marine plant seeds, silt, reefs and biological matrices; Self-sustaining ecosystem: The ecological materials in the ecological trough can sustain themselves. Over time, marine plants and organisms will gradually cover the entire trough to form a stable ecosystem; Connection structure: used to firmly connect each independent module together to form a continuous breakwater system. The design of the connection structure specifically includes the following: Connection method: The connection between modules can be adopted in a variety of ways, including mechanical connection, lock connection or flexible connection. The mechanical connection adopts bolt and hinge fixing structure to ensure that the module is not easy to fall off in wind and waves. The flexible connection is connected by chain and rope, allowing a certain degree of freedom between modules to adapt to different sea conditions; Durability: The material of the connection structure must have excellent corrosion resistance, and stainless steel, alloy steel or high-strength plastic with anti-corrosion treatment should be selected; B. Standardization and customization of modules: Standardized modules: All modules are consistent in size, connection method, and material selection to facilitate production and assembly. Standardized modules are suitable for most common marine environments. Customized modules: Some modules are customized to meet special marine environments or ecological needs. Specifically, in coral reef areas, the amount of coral matrix is ​​increased or special ecological tanks are set up to promote coral recovery; in areas with strong winds and waves, the buoyancy of the pontoon and the strength of the connection structure are enhanced.

4. The construction method of an ecological floating breakwater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of the on-site survey in step 3 are as follows: Step 31. Preliminary investigation and preparation: Collect historical meteorological, oceanographic, hydrological and geological data of the construction area, including information on wind speed, wave height, tide, current and seismic activity; consult existing geological, hydrological and ecological research reports to understand the geological structure, seabed sediment type and marine biological community in the area; divide the construction area into several survey areas based on the preliminary data to ensure that the geological and hydrological conditions of each area are fully covered; Step 32, geological survey: Use a multi-beam sonar system to scan the seabed in the survey area, generate a three-dimensional topographic map of the seabed, identify the morphological features of the seabed, and then use a side-scan sonar to detect the surface features of the seabed to provide a reference for further geological surveys; use a sediment sampler to sample seabed sediments in multiple survey areas, perform particle size analysis, mineral composition analysis and water content test on the collected sediment samples to determine the bearing capacity and stability of the seabed; Conduct seabed drilling in the survey area, collect core samples, and gain a deeper understanding of the geological structure below the seabed; assess potential geological risks based on survey data; Step 33, hydrological condition survey: Use wave height meter or wave measurement buoy to record wave height data in the construction area, analyze the maximum wave height, average wave height, wave period parameters, measure the speed and direction of the tidal current, and analyze the flow velocity changes and flow field distribution under different tidal conditions; use current meter or ADCP to measure the speed and direction of the ocean current in the construction area; collect wind speed and direction data in the construction area, especially the wind conditions under extreme weather conditions; Step 34, Ecological and Environmental Assessment: Investigate the main marine biological communities in the construction area, record species, quantity and distribution; collect water samples at different depths, analyze water quality parameters, specifically dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, salinity, nutrient content, and identify potential pollution sources in or near the construction area, and assess their impact on construction and breakwater functions; collect benthic samples, analyze their community structure and biodiversity, and assess the impact of breakwater construction on the benthic ecosystem; Step 35, data analysis and plan formulation: After completing the geological, hydrological and ecological surveys, conduct a comprehensive analysis of the collected data and formulate a suitable breakwater construction plan. Specifically, determine the foundation design and installation location of the breakwater based on the seabed topography, sediment and core analysis results; optimize the shape and layout of the breakwater based on wave, tide, current and wind data; Based on the results of the ecological and environmental assessment, formulate ecological protection measures during the construction process; determine the layout of the breakwater based on geological and hydrological conditions; and determine the installation depth of the breakwater based on the bearing capacity of the seabed and wave height.

5. The construction method of an ecological floating breakwater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of module assembly in step 4 are as follows: Step 41, module positioning and alignment: according to the assembly plan, place the modules at the assembly site according to the designed positions to ensure that the connection interfaces between the modules are aligned; use a laser locator or measuring tool to accurately align the connection points of the modules to ensure that the overall structure after the modules are assembled is flat and stable; Step 42, assembly of connection structure: according to the design requirements, install the connection parts between the modules; perform necessary sealing treatment at the connection, use waterproof sealant or sealing strips to prevent water from penetrating into the module connection gap and affecting the buoyancy and structural stability; Step 43, installation of the pontoon and the eco-tank: fix the pontoon at the designated position of the module, ensure that it is firmly installed, and check the sealing of the pontoon; connect the eco-tank with the main structure of the module, ensure the stability of the eco-tank and the correct position of the porous design; Step 44, filling of ecological materials: evenly distribute the plant seeds in the filling area of ​​the ecological tank and ensure that they are evenly mixed with the mud or matrix materials; fill the bottom or side of the ecological tank with small reefs or coral matrix to provide an environment for marine organisms to attach and inhabit; after the filling is completed, conduct water quality testing to ensure that the environment in the ecological tank is suitable for the growth of plant seeds; Step 45, inspection and testing after assembly: Check the firmness and sealing of all connection points to ensure that there is no looseness or leakage; reconfirm the alignment between modules to ensure the integrity and balance of the breakwater structure; perform buoyancy tests on land or in shallow water to ensure that the buoyancy of the pontoon can support the entire module and that the module has good stability in the water; after all modules are assembled, perform an overall buoyancy test to check whether the breakwater can maintain the expected buoyancy and stability in the water; confirm whether the porous structure of the ecological tank is normal and whether the water flow can pass freely to maintain the health of the ecological environment in the tank; Step 46: Prepare for on-site installation: Before transporting the modules to the site, re-survey the hydrological and geological conditions of the installation area to ensure that there are no new changes that affect the installation; based on the on-site survey results, fine-tune the position or angle of the modules to ensure the final installation effect of the breakwater.

6. The construction method of an ecological floating breakwater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of the floating installation in step 5 are as follows: Step 51, installation plan formulation: according to the location and hydrological conditions of the construction site, plan the best transportation route from the assembly site to the construction site to ensure the smooth and safe navigation; according to the weight and size of the module, select appropriate lifting equipment and auxiliary equipment to complete the transportation and installation of the module; according to the seabed conditions and water depth of the construction area, design the fixing plan of the anchor chain or anchor pile to ensure the stability of the breakwater in the water; Step 52, module loading: using lifting equipment to load the pre-assembled modules from the assembly area on shore or on board the ship onto a barge or tugboat; Step 53, module transportation: Use barges for transportation, and use tugboats to tow the modules to the construction site; monitor the waterway conditions in real time during transportation; Step 54, floating installation of modules: pre-deploy positioning buoys at the construction site to mark the installation location of each module, ensure that the modules are placed in the correct location, that is, use navigation equipment such as GPS to ensure that the module transport ship is aligned with the positioning buoy, and ensure that the modules can be accurately lowered to the designated location; use lifting equipment to lift the modules from the transport ship and slowly place them in the designated waters; dock the modules one by one, accurately dock the connection structures between the modules, and use tools to tighten them; after the connection is completed, check the buoyancy of the modules; Step 55, anchoring and fixing of the module: select an anchor chain of appropriate length and strength according to the seabed type and water depth; connect one end of the anchor chain to the fixed point of the module, and slowly lower the anchor chain through the lifting equipment to anchor it firmly on the seabed; in areas where anchor piles are required, use GPS and sonar equipment to accurately locate the installation position of the anchor piles, use a pile-driving ship or floating crane equipment to drive the anchor piles into the seabed, and after the anchor piles are driven into the seabed, connect the anchor piles to the fixed structure of the module to ensure that the breakwater module is firmly fixed in the predetermined position.

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