Multi-scale geological prediction method for laneway risk paragraphs based on air-well-hole combination

Abstract

The invention discloses a laneway risk section multi-scale geological prediction method based on air-well-hole combination, and relates to the technical field of laneway risk section multi-scale geological prediction, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the geological exploration of the earth surface of an area where two parallel mine laneways are located before mining, and defining a risk geological section in combination with the geological disaster characteristics; carrying out aviation electromagnetic detection on the earth surface above the corresponding risk geological sections of the two parallel roadways, and judging whether a geological body between the two roadways has a water-containing body or a water guide structure according to a detection result; according to the judgment result, oblique drilling is conducted from the risk-free roadway to a geologic body behind the mining face of the high-risk roadway, drilling parameters in the drilling process are obtained, and drilling rock slag is collected; on the basis of the drilling rock slag, the rock lithology, the unfavorable geologic body type and the abnormal degree in the geologic body between the two roadways are judged in combination with the spectrum technology; and sound wave testing is carried out in the hole, the integrity of the rock mass is judged by combining the drilling parameters and the sound wave velocity value, and multi-scale accurate geological prediction of the laneway risk section is completed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of multi-scale geological prediction of risk sections of shafts and tunnels, and in particular to a multi-scale geological prediction method for risk sections of shafts and tunnels based on space-well-hole combination. Background Art

[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] As an important pillar of the energy industry, coal is widely mined as the demand for energy in urban modernization construction increases dramatically. Since coal is non-renewable, large-scale excavation has led to a decrease in the number of existing coal mines, and the number of open-pit coal mines is even fewer. Therefore, it is imperative for mining projects to move underground or even deep underground. During the mining process of coal mine shafts and tunnels, if the geological conditions of the geological body are not clearly detected, it will directly affect the safety of the project.

[0004] The existing geological exploration technical means mainly include geological analysis method, geophysical electrical method and advance drilling, etc. However, the geological analysis method relies on the qualitative judgment of expert experience, which is easy to misjudge and miss, and cannot explore the structure inside the geological body. Moreover, considering that the geological conditions of the strata that produce coal are complex and changeable, such as faults, fissures, folds and magma intrusion, which will cause the thickness and hardness of the coal seam to change, even if a thorough geological survey is carried out in the early stage, it is impossible to avoid disasters such as tunnel wall collapse, sudden water inrush and large deformation of surrounding rocks during coal mining. When a mine tunnel encounters large-scale geological disasters such as sudden water inrush and landslide, the accident tunnel cannot be directly geologically identified; there are many metal devices such as ventilation ducts, construction machinery and steel arch frames in the tunnel, and the geophysical electrical method is susceptible to strong electromagnetic interference, resulting in low detection resolution and inability to effectively identify the internal geological body; if advance drilling or in-hole geophysical exploration is used at the tunnel face, it is very easy to cause collapse in the hole, and even cause sudden water flooding, causing equipment loss and life safety threats. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a multi-scale geological prediction method for risky sections of shafts and tunnels based on air-well-hole combination. It is aimed at the geological identification scene in front of the shaft and tunnel face, and adopts the method of accurate geological identification of the geological body between the tunnels from the accident-free tunnels adjacent to the accident tunnel. It fully coordinates technical means or methods such as airborne electromagnetic, spectral analysis, drilling parameters and acoustic wave testing to comprehensively and efficiently obtain the properties of the geological body / rock mass between parallel shafts and tunnels, realize a detailed sketch of the rock mass conditions between shafts and tunnels, eliminate geological blind spots in the process of coal mine shaft and tunnel excavation, provide a geological basis for the efficient and accurate formulation of on-site construction plans, and ensure the safe and rapid mining of coal mines.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a multi-scale geological prediction method for risky sections of wells and tunnels based on space-well-hole combination.

[0007] A multi-scale geological prediction method for risky sections of wells and tunnels based on the combination of space-well-hole, including: Conduct a pre-mining geological survey on the surface of the area where the two parallel mine tunnels are located, and delineate the risky geological sections based on the characteristics of geological hazards; the two tunnels are respectively a risk-free tunnel and a high-risk tunnel; Conduct airborne electromagnetic detection on the surface above the risky geological sections of the two parallel tunnels, and determine whether the geological body between the two tunnels has water-bearing bodies or water-conducting structures based on the detection results; According to the judgment results, oblique drilling is carried out from the risk-free tunnel to the geological body behind the mining face of the high-risk tunnel, and the drilling parameters during the drilling process are obtained and the drilling slag is collected; Based on drilling slag and combined with spectral technology, the rock mass lithology, unfavorable geological body type and abnormality degree in the geological body between the two tunnels are determined; Sonic wave testing is carried out in the hole, and the integrity of the rock mass is judged by combining drilling parameters and sonic wave velocity values ​​to complete multi-scale geological prediction of risky sections in the well and tunnel.

[0008] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides an electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, and computer instructions stored in the memory and executed on the processor, wherein when the computer instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of the method described in the first aspect are completed.

[0009] In a third aspect, the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, complete the steps of the method described in the first aspect.

[0010] One or more of the above technical solutions have the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention provides a multi-scale geological prediction method for risky sections of shafts and tunnels based on air-well-hole combination. It is aimed at the scene of geological identification and prediction in front of the shaft and tunnel heading face, and adopts the method of accurate geological identification of the geological body between the tunnels from the accident-free tunnels adjacent to the accident tunnel. In the identification process, the technical means such as airborne electromagnetic, spectral analysis, drilling parameters and acoustic testing are fully coordinated. The risk section between the two tunnels and the geological body characteristics of the risk section are first detected and determined, and then oblique drilling is carried out according to the detection results to collect drilling debris, so as to solve the problem of collapse in the hole or sudden flooding of the well caused by directly using means such as advance drilling or in-hole geophysical exploration, so as to ensure the safety of drilling; then, the drilling debris spectral data, drilling parameters and acoustic testing of the oblique drilling are jointly analyzed to comprehensively and efficiently obtain the properties of the geological body / rock mass between the parallel shafts and tunnels, so as to solve the problem that traditional geophysical exploration in tunnels is easily affected by external interference factors, resulting in detection failure or low detection accuracy.

[0011] 2. The present invention performs geological identification from three dimensions: space (i.e., the upper part of the ground surface) - well (i.e., coal mine shaft and tunnel) - hole (i.e., advance drilling), forming a set of three-dimensional shaft and tunnel geological identification results from macro to micro, achieving accurate sketching of the rock mass inside the risky sections of the shaft and tunnel, eliminating geological blind spots in the process of coal mine shaft and tunnel excavation, effectively improving the accuracy of geological identification, providing a geological basis for the efficient and accurate formulation of on-site construction plans, and ensuring the safe and rapid mining of coal mines.

[0012] 3. In the present invention, the types of minerals contained in the rock mass and their corresponding contents can be quickly determined through spectral similarity recognition and unmixing algorithms, which can improve the recognition efficiency while ensuring a certain accuracy and avoid a lot of preliminary work. On this basis, the element information is measured by spectrum, and the rock properties are identified by combining element and mineral information, which can effectively identify the type of unfavorable geological body and the degree of abnormality; through the multi-source information fusion of drilling parameters and acoustic wave data, the drawbacks of misjudgment and missed judgment of rock integrity based on a single technology can be avoided, and the qualitative and quantitative judgment of rock integrity can be achieved; the present invention realizes accurate prediction of rock mechanical and geochemical properties by carrying out geological identification from a non-accident tunnel to an adjacent accident tunnel between two parallel tunnels.

[0013] 4. The present invention strictly controls the risk level of the implementation process and has strict logic, ensuring that no disasters such as water inrush and landslides will occur in the implementation process. It has strong on-site applicability, can effectively reduce the risk of coal mine shaft excavation, and reduce the cost of disaster disposal. At the same time, this solution has strong universality and is also suitable for geological identification work in industries such as tunnel engineering and urban underground engineering. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] The accompanying drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0015] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a multi-scale geological prediction method for risk sections of wells and lanes based on space-well-hole combination according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of multi-scale geological survey and prediction of risky geological sections of wells and tunnels using space-well-hole combination in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary only, are intended to describe specific embodiments, are intended to provide further explanation of the present invention, and are not intended to limit exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. In addition, it should also be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0017] The present invention provides a multi-scale geological prediction method for risky sections of shafts and tunnels based on air-well-hole combination. The risky geological sections are delineated through preliminary geological surveys and disaster characteristic analysis. Accurate oblique drilling of the tunnel wall is carried out according to the analysis results of airborne electromagnetics, and acoustic wave testing is carried out in the hole. By obtaining the elements and mineral components inside the geological body / rock body between the two tunnels and integrating the drilling propulsion force parameters and the acoustic wave frequency, the lithology, structure, water-containing body, integrity, and adverse geological type of the rock body between the two parallel tunnels are accurately predicted, and the multi-scale geological prediction results of the risky geological sections of the shafts and tunnels are obtained, so as to guide the safe construction of coal mine shafts and tunnels and formulate corresponding disaster prevention and control plans.

[0018] Embodiment 1 Considering that the accident tunnel cannot be directly geologically identified, this embodiment provides a multi-scale geological prediction method for tunnel risk sections based on the combination of air-well-hole, and conducts accurate geological identification of the tunnel geological body from the non-accident tunnel adjacent to the accident tunnel. The identification is more accurate, safer and more reliable. The specific method is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, including: Step S1, conducting a pre-mining geological survey on the surface of the area where the two parallel mine tunnels are located, and delineating risky geological sections in combination with geological disaster characteristics; wherein the two tunnels are respectively a risk-free tunnel and a high-risk tunnel; Step S2, performing airborne electromagnetic detection on the surface above the risky geological sections corresponding to the two parallel tunnels, and judging whether the geological body between the two tunnels has a water body or a water-conducting structure according to the detection results; Step S3: according to the judgment result, oblique drilling is performed from the risk-free tunnel to the geological body behind the mining face of the high-risk tunnel, and the drilling parameters in the drilling process are obtained and the drilling slag is collected; Step S4: Based on the drilling slag and combined with spectral technology, determine the rock properties, unfavorable geological body types and abnormality degree in the geological body between the two tunnels; Step S5: Perform sonic testing in the hole, combine drilling parameters and sonic wave velocity values ​​to identify the integrity of the rock mass, and complete multi-scale geological prediction of risk sections of wells and tunnels.

[0019] The following content introduces in more detail the multi-scale geological prediction method for risk sections of shafts and tunnels based on the space-well-hole combination proposed in this embodiment.

[0020] In step S1, a pre-mining geological survey is conducted on the surface of the area where the two parallel mine tunnels are located, and the risky geological sections are delineated in combination with the characteristics of geological disasters; wherein the two tunnels are respectively a risk-free tunnel and a high-risk tunnel, the high-risk tunnel being a tunnel where a water inrush accident occurred during the excavation process, and the risk-free tunnel being a tunnel where no accident occurred during the excavation process.

[0021] Specifically, geological surveys are conducted before coal mining in the area where the two parallel mine tunnels are located. Based on the geological survey results and the characteristics of geological disasters that occurred during the previous mining process (the characteristics are known), risky geological sections are delineated to provide a geological basis for the subsequent plan of oblique drilling from risk-free tunnels to high-risk tunnels based on advance drilling. Among them, the above-mentioned geological survey includes obtaining information such as the surface topography along the tunnel, historical geological actions, and tunnel burial depth information. The above-mentioned geological disaster characteristics are the geological characteristics of the disaster-prone sections of the mined tunnels, which include faults, fissures, folds, etc.

[0022] In this embodiment, two tunnels are excavated and driven in parallel toward the mining face. The horizontal width of the mining face is 6m, the distance between the centers of the mining faces is 30m, and the buried depth is 72m. The ground surface corresponding to the two tunnels is surveyed by geological mapping and other survey methods. Figure 2 As shown, based on the survey results, it was determined that there was a fault on the surface at the mileage of 1+300~1+330 opposite the left-line tunnel, which is a typical geological disaster feature, and this section of the tunnel was determined to be a risky geological section.

[0023] In step S2, an aero-electromagnetic survey is performed on the ground surface above the risky geological section corresponding to the two parallel tunnels, and it is determined based on the survey results whether the geological body between the two tunnels has a water body or a water-conducting structure.

[0024] Considering that traditional geological analysis in tunnels mainly involves drilling holes in tunnels or conducting geophysical tests inside tunnels to reveal the geological conditions ahead, this method has a small geological perception range and strong data limitations, and cannot provide insight into the geological conditions along the coal mine shafts and lanes from a macroscopic perspective, especially not applicable to the scenarios used in this embodiment. At the same time, due to the metal ventilation ducts and wire ducts set up on both sides of the shafts and lanes, if geophysical methods are applied in tunnels, they are easily interfered by these factors, resulting in detection failure and inability to clarify the geological conditions between the two shafts and lanes. However, through the above method proposed in this embodiment, the geological conditions between the two shafts and lanes can be detected from a large macroscopic perspective above the surface, which can assist in making better decisions on geological body processing, and has a significant improvement effect compared to traditional in-hole testing.

[0025] Specifically, airborne electromagnetic detection is carried out from the surface above the risky geological section encountered by the two parallel tunnels. The airborne electromagnetic detection refers to drone-type electromagnetic detection within a set area above the surface above the risky geological section, and airborne electromagnetic electrical mapping within the set area is obtained through airborne electromagnetic detection. Afterwards, abnormal area analysis is carried out based on the airborne electromagnetic electrical mapping to determine whether the geological body or rock mass between the two parallel tunnels contains water bodies or water conduction channels, thereby effectively avoiding the disadvantage that geophysical exploration technology in the tunnel is susceptible to electromagnetic interference.

[0026] The above-mentioned airborne electromagnetic electrical mapping refers to airborne apparent resistivity (PS)-lithological structure mapping, which converts the measured airborne electromagnetic field into a PS value reflecting the underground geological body through inversion or plate conversion technology, and performs lithological structure mapping according to the difference and distribution trend of the PS value of the geological body. In this embodiment, according to the PS value of the geological body reflected by the airborne electromagnetic electrical mapping, combined with the preset PS values ​​of different geological bodies (including the PS values ​​of water-bearing bodies and water-conducting channels), an abnormal area analysis is performed to determine whether there is a water-bearing body or a water-conducting channel in the geological body or rock mass between the two parallel lanes.

[0027] In this embodiment, the test equipment is carried on the drone, which maintains a certain distance from the ground after takeoff. The detection signal covers the surface area of ​​1+290~1+340 of the left-line tunnel (i.e., the risky geological section area), and detects to a depth of 80m below the surface. By analyzing the electrical mapping obtained by the detection, it is determined that there are no water-bearing bodies and water-conducting structures in the geological body between the two parallel tunnels.

[0028] In step S3, according to the judgment result, oblique drilling is performed from the risk-free tunnel to the geological body behind the mining face of the high-risk tunnel, and the drilling parameters during the drilling process are obtained and the drilling slag is collected.

[0029] Specifically, based on the aero-electromagnetic identification results obtained in step S2, oblique static drilling is performed. If it is determined that there is no water-bearing body or water-conducting structure, oblique fine drilling is performed from the risk-free tunnel to the geological body behind the mining face of the high-risk tunnel; on the contrary, if it is determined that there is a water-bearing body or water-conducting structure, the drilling angle and process are adjusted to avoid sudden water inrush, and then oblique fine drilling is performed from the risk-free tunnel to the geological body behind the mining face of the high-risk tunnel.

[0030] Furthermore, the above-mentioned oblique fine drilling from the risk-free tunnel to the geological body behind the mining face of the high-risk tunnel refers to advanced drilling from the non-risk section area of ​​the risk-free tunnel to the excavated direction of the high-risk tunnel at a certain inclined angle.

[0031] In addition, during the drilling process, drilling parameters are collected and drilling debris is collected. In this embodiment, the drilling parameters include drilling thrust parameters (i.e., propulsion force parameters), which are obtained by a pressure sensor installed at the end of the drill rod during the drilling process.

[0032] In this embodiment, based on the above step S2, it has been determined through the airborne electromagnetic results that there is no water body or water-conducting structure between the two tunnels. On this basis, Figure 2 As shown, at 1+335 of the risk-free tunnel, drilling was carried out in the direction of 1+290 at an angle of 30° to the tunnel wall. The drilling depth was 30m. The same steps were carried out 4 times to form a multi-hole joint identification.

[0033] In step S4, based on the drilling slag and combined with spectral technology, the rock properties, unfavorable geological body types and abnormality degree in the geological body between the two tunnels are determined.

[0034] Specifically, first, the drilling slag generated during the drilling process in step S3 is collected in the flushing order, that is, the drilling slag is collected in the flushing order according to the order of the slag flushing and the serial number is calibrated, and the slag serial number from small to large indicates that the depth taken is gradually increasing; then, based on the drilling slag collected during the drilling process, the element and mineral test are combined with spectral technology to obtain the type and content of the elements and minerals of the rock mass between the two tunnels, and then the rock properties, the type of unfavorable geological body and the degree of abnormality of the rock mass are determined. Among them, the element and mineral information of the rock mass is measured by spectral technology, including: using laser Raman spectroscopy, visible light-near infrared spectroscopy, and thermal infrared spectroscopy to measure mineral information, including mineral types (i.e., components) and contents; using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to measure element information, including element types (i.e., components) and contents.

[0035] Taking into account the low efficiency and rock damage problems of traditional X-ray diffraction, thin section analysis and other technologies in measuring rock mineral information, this embodiment adopts a method based on spectral data inversion measurement, which can achieve fast, in-situ and non-destructive acquisition of rock mineral information.

[0036] Specifically, in the above process, before using a variety of slag spectral data for mineral composition inversion, the spectral data is preprocessed to improve data quality and ensure the accuracy of subsequent inversion results. In this embodiment, considering that the envelope is the shell that wraps the spectral data curve, removing the shell can deepen the weak absorption characteristics, thereby enhancing the absorption characteristics. Therefore, the acquired spectral data is first preprocessed by removing the envelope. For each spectral data, the envelope removal can be achieved by the following formula: ; ; In the above formula, Indicatesj Band wavelength, Indicates band j The spectral reflectance after removing the envelope; Indicates band j The original spectral reflectance of and are the original spectral reflectances at the beginning and end of the spectral curve respectively; and are the wavelengths of the bands at the beginning and end of the spectral curve respectively.

[0037] Secondly, the preprocessed spectral data is used as mixed spectral data and the spectral matching algorithm (i.e. SAM The algorithm is used to identify the mineral types contained in the mixed spectral data. Specifically, the pre-processed spectral data (i.e., spectral reflectance) is used as the mixed spectral data, and the similarity is calculated based on the mixed spectral data and the spectral data of each known end-member mineral (such as quartz, feldspar, mica, etc.), and the mineral composition information is identified based on the similarity. The similarity calculation can be expressed as: ; In the above formula, Represents the angle between the two spectral data, that is, the similarity of the two spectra; and They respectively represent the mixed spectral data to be identified and the reference spectral data. The reference spectral data is the spectral data of known end-member minerals. The end-member spectral data can be obtained through existing public databases.

[0038] Furthermore, based on the calculated similarity between the mixed spectral data to be identified and each reference spectral data, whether the known mineral type is present is determined based on the comparison result of the similarity with the set threshold value: when the similarity is greater than the set threshold value, it is considered that the corresponding known mineral type is present; otherwise, it is not present.

[0039] Finally, based on the identified mineral types, the unmixing algorithm is used to quantitatively identify the content of each mineral component. Specifically, the quantitative relationship between the mixed spectral data and the identified multiple mineral spectral data is constructed, which can be expressed as: ; in, For the i The abundance of a mineral component in a mixture, i.e., the mineral content; Represents the reference spectrum data, i.e., the first i Spectral reflectance of minerals; represents the mixed spectral reflectance, represents the error value, n Indicates the number of identified mineral species.

[0040] Furthermore, the mixed spectral data and the spectral data of the end-member minerals identified above are input into the above formula for solution to obtain the abundance value of each end-member mineral, that is, the content of each type of mineral identified. Through this similarity recognition and unmixing algorithm, the types of minerals contained therein and their corresponding contents can be quickly determined, which can improve the recognition efficiency by directly calculating and obtaining while ensuring a certain accuracy, avoiding a lot of preliminary work.

[0041] As another implementation, the type and content of the elements can be directly measured using existing equipment via laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy.

[0042] Furthermore, the lithology of the rock mass is determined based on the contents of the elements and minerals obtained above and the corroborative relationship between the two, and the type and degree of abnormality of the adverse geological body is determined based on the abnormalities in the types and contents of the elements and minerals.

[0043] Specifically, identifying lithology through the types and contents of elements and minerals and the relationship between the two means that the lithology of each rock contains relatively fixed types and content ranges of elements and minerals, and elements are the most basic components of rocks, and minerals are the most direct measurement units for describing lithology. There is also a close relationship between the content and types of elements and minerals. For example, when the chlorite content in the rock increases, the Fe content will also increase accordingly. Therefore, the lithology of the rock mass can be identified based on the types and contents of elements and minerals.

[0044] The type and degree of abnormality of unfavorable geological bodies can be identified by the abnormal conditions of the types and contents of elements and minerals. This means that when the elements and minerals enter the unfavorable geological influence areas such as faults during tunnel excavation, there will be abnormalities in the types and contents, and corresponding abnormal phenomena will appear after passing through different unfavorable geological types. For example, when passing through granite faults, there will be enrichment of Fe, Mg, chlorite and serpentine, and when passing through weathering layers, there will be enrichment of Al and kaolinite, etc. Therefore, based on the abnormal conditions of the types and contents of elements and minerals, the type and degree of abnormality of unfavorable geological bodies can be identified.

[0045] In this embodiment, the drilling depth of 30m is divided into 1m intervals, 30 bags of samples are collected in each borehole, and a total of 120 bags of samples are collected in 4 boreholes. Visible light-near infrared spectroscopy and thermal infrared spectroscopy are used for testing, and it is found that quartz, feldspar, mica, and kaolinite minerals appear between the drilling depth of 15 and 18m, and the mineral combination before 15m and after 18m is quartz, feldspar, and mica, which indicates that mineral anomalies occur in this area. Similarly, the X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy technology is used for testing, and it is found that Al element enrichment also occurs in this area, which further verifies the mineral anomaly.

[0046] Furthermore, through element and mineral testing of drilling slag, it can be obtained that the element types and content ranges of rocks in normal sections are Si: 65%~80%, Na: 0~10%, K: 10%~20%, Al: 20%~30%; the mineral types and content ranges are quartz: 20%~60%, feldspar: 40~80%, mica: 5%~10%. Through the coordinated identification of elements and minerals, it is determined that the lithology of the formation is granite. The content of Al element and kaolinite increases in the drilling depth range of 15~18m, and the unfavorable geological type is determined to be a fault, and the degree of abnormality is medium.

[0047] In step S5, an acoustic wave test is performed in the hole, and the integrity of the rock mass is judged by combining the drilling parameters and the acoustic wave velocity value, so as to complete the multi-scale geological prediction of the risk sections of the well and tunnel.

[0048] Specifically, after the drilling slag is collected, an acoustic wave test is performed in the hole to obtain the acoustic wave velocity values ​​at different depths in the hole. The acoustic wave test refers to the use of a transmitter and two receivers, the relevant cables of the transmitter and the receiver are inserted into a metal or PVC pipe and penetrated into the drilled hole, the transmitter and the receiver body are set outside the hole, the transmitter emits sound waves and is received by the receiver, and the acoustic wave velocity value (abbreviated as wave velocity) can be determined according to the distance between the two receivers divided by the signal reception time difference. During the test, the transmitter, receiver and related cables are slowly and uniformly pulled out, and the changes in the acoustic wave velocity value as the depth of the receiver probe gradually decreases are recorded.

[0049] On the basis of the above tests, considering that the sound wave propagation velocity is related to information such as rock integrity, in this embodiment, the degree of rock fragmentation at different mileages is judged according to the change in the sound wave velocity value, and the integrity of the rock mass is judged in combination with the drilling thrust parameters and the sound wave velocity value.

[0050] Among them, the degree of rock fragmentation at different mileages is judged according to the change of sound wave velocity. That is, after obtaining the sound wave velocity values ​​at different depths through sound wave testing, it is judged that the rock is broken if the sound wave velocity value is in the range of 1000-2000, the rock is relatively broken if it is in the range of 2000-3000, and the rock is intact if it is above 3000.

[0051] Furthermore, the drilling thrust parameters (i.e., propulsion force parameters) and the acoustic wave velocity values ​​are integrated to jointly identify the integrity of the rock mass, including: extracting the abnormal change characteristic range in continuous data such as propulsion force parameters and acoustic wave velocity values ​​through data exploration technology (EDA) or mean standard deviation method, and conducting surrounding rock integrity evaluation.

[0052] Specifically, the fluctuation curve of the thrust parameter with respect to time is obtained, the mutation point of the thrust parameter is determined by the stationary point analysis method, the mutation characteristics of the thrust parameter are obtained based on the mutation point, and the integrity of the rock mass is jointly judged according to the mutation characteristics and the change of the acoustic wave velocity.

[0053] Among them, the stationary point analysis method is used to determine the mutation point of the propulsion force parameters, including: First, the fluctuation curve of propulsion parameters with respect to time , calculate the first-order difference of the fluctuation curve: ,in, Indicates the propulsion parameters in t The continuous difference at , preliminarily determine the stationing point; Secondly, calculate the second-order difference of the fluctuation curve: ,in, Indicates the propulsion parameters in t The continuous difference of the continuous difference at , find and determine the final stationary point among the initially determined stationary points, and use the final stationary points (i.e., maximum and minimum) as mutation points.

[0054] Further, based on the mutation point determined above, the abnormal change characteristic range is divided, that is, the mutation point and the scale range set before and after it are divided into the abnormal change characteristic range, and then the propulsion force parameter and the acoustic wave velocity value at the current measuring point are combined with the abnormal change characteristic range and the acoustic wave velocity range to jointly identify the integrity of the rock mass at the current measuring point. For example, when the current measuring point is within the abnormal change characteristic range, and the acoustic wave velocity value is in the acoustic wave velocity range corresponding to the rock mass being broken or relatively broken, it is determined that the rock is incomplete, otherwise it is determined that the rock is complete. In this embodiment, it is found that the acoustic wave velocity values ​​within the range of 15 to 18 m in the hole are all within 1000 to 2000, and the propulsion force parameter also drops sharply in this area (i.e., it is within the abnormal change characteristic range), and the rock in this area is determined to be incomplete.

[0055] Through the above-mentioned multi-source information fusion judgment based on drilling parameters (i.e., propulsion parameters) and acoustic wave data, the disadvantages of misjudgment and omission of rock integrity judgment by a single technology can be eliminated, and qualitative and quantitative judgment of integrity can be achieved.

[0056] As another implementation method, step S6, based on the analysis results of the above steps S2 to S5, predict the mechanical and geochemical properties of the rock mass between the two parallel tunnels, including: lithology, water-conducting structure, water-containing body, integrity, and adverse geological types, and take corresponding disaster prevention and control measures or plans on this basis.

[0057] In this embodiment, through the above steps, it is determined that the stratum where the risk area of ​​the high-risk tunnel is located is granite, has no water-bearing body and water-conducting structure, has poor integrity and the bad geology is a fault. On this basis, steel arch support can be adopted before continuing to mine forward; conversely, if it is predicted that the risk area of ​​the high-risk tunnel is risk-free, mining can be continued directly forward to achieve safe mining of coal mine shafts and tunnels.

[0058] Embodiment 2 This embodiment provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, and computer instructions stored in the memory and executed on the processor. When the computer instructions are executed by the processor, the steps in the multi-scale geological prediction method for well and tunnel risk sections based on the space-well-hole combination as described above are completed.

[0059] Embodiment 3 This embodiment also provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing computer instructions. When the computer instructions are executed by a processor, the steps in the multi-scale geological prediction method for well and tunnel risk sections based on space-well-hole combination as described above are completed.

[0060] The steps involved in the above embodiments 2 to 3 correspond to the method embodiment 1. For the specific implementation, please refer to the relevant description part of embodiment 1. The term "computer-readable storage medium" should be understood as a single medium or multiple media including one or more instruction sets; it should also be understood to include any medium that can store, encode or carry an instruction set for execution by a processor and enable the processor to execute any method in the present invention.

[0061] Those skilled in the art should understand that the modules or steps of the present invention described above can be implemented by a general-purpose computer device, or alternatively, they can be implemented by a program code executable by a computing device, so that they can be stored in a storage device and executed by the computing device, or they can be made into individual integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps therein can be made into a single integrated circuit module for implementation. The present invention is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.

[0062] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Although the specific implementation mode of the present invention is described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is not a limitation of the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention, various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative work are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-scale geological prediction method for risk sections of wells and tunnels based on space-well-hole combination, characterized in that: include: Conduct a pre-mining geological survey on the surface of the area where the two parallel mine tunnels are located, and delineate the risky geological sections based on the characteristics of geological hazards; the two tunnels are respectively a risk-free tunnel and a high-risk tunnel; Conduct airborne electromagnetic detection on the surface above the risky geological sections of the two parallel tunnels, and determine whether the geological body between the two tunnels has water-bearing bodies or water-conducting structures based on the detection results; According to the judgment results, oblique drilling is carried out from the risk-free tunnel to the geological body behind the mining face of the high-risk tunnel, and the drilling parameters during the drilling process are obtained and the drilling slag is collected; Based on drilling slag and combined with spectral technology, the rock mass lithology, unfavorable geological body type and abnormality degree in the geological body between the two tunnels are determined; Sonic wave testing is carried out in the hole, and the integrity of the rock mass is judged by combining drilling parameters and sonic wave velocity values ​​to complete multi-scale geological prediction of risky sections in the well and tunnel.

2. The multi-scale geological prediction method for risk sections of wells and tunnels based on space-well-hole combination as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the geological survey results and the known geological hazard characteristics, the risk geological sections corresponding to the tunnels are delineated; The geological survey includes obtaining information on the surface topography along the tunnel, historical geological actions, and tunnel burial depth; The geological disaster characteristics are the geological characteristics of the disaster section in the mined part of the tunnel, and the geological disaster characteristics include faults.

3. The multi-scale geological prediction method for risk sections of wells and tunnels based on space-well-hole combination as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The high-risk tunnel is a tunnel where a water inrush accident occurred during the excavation process; the risk-free tunnel is a tunnel where no accident occurred during the excavation process.

4. The multi-scale geological prediction method for risk sections of wells and tunnels based on space-well-hole combination as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The aero-electromagnetic detection is to conduct UAV-type electromagnetic detection within a set area above the surface of the risk geological section, and obtain the aero-electromagnetic electrical mapping within the set area through the aero-electromagnetic detection; Based on the aero-electromagnetic mapping, the abnormal area analysis is carried out to determine whether the geological body between the two parallel tunnels has water-bearing bodies or water-conducting structures.

5. The multi-scale geological prediction method for risk sections of wells and tunnels based on space-well-hole combination as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: If it is determined that there is no water-bearing body or water-conducting structure, oblique drilling is carried out from the non-risk tunnel to the geological body behind the mining face of the high-risk tunnel; On the contrary, if it is determined that there is a water-bearing body or water-conducting structure, the drilling angle and process are adjusted, and then oblique drilling is carried out from the non-risk tunnel to the geological body behind the mining face of the high-risk tunnel; Among them, oblique drilling refers to advanced drilling from the non-risk geological section area of ​​the risk-free tunnel to the excavated direction of the high-risk tunnel at a set inclination angle.

6. The multi-scale geological prediction method for risk sections of wells and tunnels based on space-well-hole combination as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Collecting the drilling slag generated during the drilling process according to the flushing order includes: collecting the drilling slag according to the flushing order is to collect and mark the sequence number according to the sequence of the slag flushing out, and the slag sequence number from small to large indicates that the depth taken is gradually increased; Based on the drilling slag collected during the drilling process and combined with spectral technology, the types and contents of elements and minerals in the rock mass between the two tunnels are obtained, and then the rock properties, adverse geological body types and abnormality levels are determined.

7. The multi-scale geological prediction method for risk sections of wells and tunnels based on space-well-hole combination as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: Spectroscopic techniques are used to measure the element and mineral information of the rock mass, including: using laser Raman spectroscopy, visible light-near infrared spectroscopy, and thermal infrared spectroscopy to measure mineral information, the mineral information includes mineral types and contents; using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to measure element information, the element information includes element types and contents; Among them, the use of spectral data to measure mineral information includes: Perform envelope removal preprocessing on the acquired spectral data; The pre-processed spectral data is used as mixed spectral data, and the spectral matching algorithm is used to identify the mineral types contained in the mixed spectral data, which is: the similarity between the mixed spectral data and the spectral data of each known end-member mineral is calculated, and according to the comparison result of the similarity with the set threshold, whether the known mineral type or composition is present, and the contained mineral type is identified; Based on the identified mineral types, a quantitative relationship between the mixed spectral data and the spectral data of the identified multiple minerals is constructed, and the content of each mineral is quantitatively identified using an unmixing algorithm; the quantitative relationship is: ； in, For the i The abundance of a mineral component in a mixture, i.e., the mineral content; Indicates the identification i Spectral reflectance of minerals; represents the mixed spectral reflectance, represents the error value, n Indicates the number of identified mineral species.

8. The multi-scale geological prediction method for risk sections of wells and tunnels based on space-well-hole combination as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The drilling parameters include drilling thrust parameters, which are obtained by a pressure sensor installed at the end of the drill rod during the drilling process; Perform sonic wave testing in the hole to obtain sonic wave velocity values ​​at different depths in the hole. According to the change of sonic wave velocity values, the degree of rock fragmentation at different distances can be determined. The integrity of the rock mass can be determined by combining the drilling thrust parameters and sonic wave velocity values, including: Acquire the acoustic wave velocity values ​​at different depths through acoustic wave testing, and determine the degree of rock mass fragmentation according to the acoustic wave velocity range in which the acoustic wave velocity values ​​are located; Obtain the fluctuation curve of the drilling thrust parameter with respect to time, use the stationary point analysis method to determine the mutation point of the drilling thrust parameter, and divide the abnormal change characteristic range based on the mutation point; The integrity of the rock mass is determined based on the drilling thrust parameters and sonic wave velocity values ​​at the current measuring point, combined with the abnormal change characteristic range and sonic wave velocity range.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: The method comprises a memory and a processor and computer instructions stored in the memory and executed on the processor. When the computer instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of a multi-scale geological prediction method for well and tunnel risk sections based on space-well-hole combination as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 are completed.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: Used to store computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, complete the steps of a multi-scale geological prediction method for well and tunnel risk sections based on space-well-hole combination as described in any one of claims 1-8.

Images