Tea garden soil improvement method based on microflora

Abstract

The invention discloses a tea garden soil improvement method based on microbial communities. The tea garden soil improvement method aims at improving soil fertility and tea tree yield by means of precisely screening beneficial microorganisms, optimizing culture conditions and the like. Firstly, soil samples are collected from a tea garden area, gene high-throughput sequencing is carried out, soil microbial community composition information is obtained, and beneficial microorganisms are screened out. Then, the breeding speed and biomass of the beneficial microorganisms are optimized by adjusting a culture medium formula. When the bio-fertilizer is prepared, besides concentrated bacterial liquid, an organic carrier, inorganic nutrient elements and humic acid serving as a stabilizer are also added, and a proper amount of trace elements and a plant growth regulator are added. In spring or autumn, according to the physicochemical property of the soil, the bio-fertilizer is uniformly spread and ploughed into the soil layer. After fertilization, soil physicochemical properties and tea tree growth conditions are regularly detected to evaluate the soil improvement effect and adjust the fertilization strategy according to the soil improvement effect. The method is beneficial for improving the tea garden soil health condition and improving the tea yield and quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a tea garden soil improvement method based on microbial communities. Background Art

[0002] In agricultural production, the health of tea garden soil is directly related to the yield and quality of tea. Traditional tea garden soil management often relies on the large-scale use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which not only increases production costs, but may also lead to soil degradation, ecological imbalance, and pesticide residues in tea. As the concept of sustainable development has become more popular, finding more environmentally friendly and efficient soil improvement methods has become a common goal for tea farmers and agricultural researchers.

[0003] As an important component of the soil ecosystem, microbial communities have a profound impact on the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. Microorganisms in the soil can participate in multiple processes such as the decomposition of organic matter, nutrient cycling, and disease suppression, and play an irreplaceable role in improving soil fertility and promoting plant growth. In recent years, soil improvement technology based on microbial communities has gradually become a research hotspot. By screening and introducing beneficial microorganisms with specific functions, soil structure can be effectively improved, soil fertility can be increased, and crop growth can be promoted.

[0004] Although soil improvement technology based on microbial communities has significant advantages in theory, there are still some shortcomings in practical application:

[0005] 1. Microbial screening lacks specificity: Traditional microbial screening methods are often based on experience or broad-spectrum screening, and lack precise screening strategies for the specific needs of tea garden soil (such as nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, potassium solubilization, etc.), resulting in the introduction of many types of microorganisms but not refined ones, and limited functions.

[0006] 2. Insufficient optimization of culture conditions: During the laboratory culture stage, many studies failed to fully optimize the culture medium formula and culture conditions, resulting in the reproduction rate and biomass of beneficial microorganisms being difficult to reach ideal levels, which in turn affected the preparation effect of biofertilizers.

[0007] 3. Single formula of biological fertilizer: Most of the existing biological fertilizers are based on a single or a few beneficial microorganisms, lacking comprehensive nutritional elements, and are difficult to meet the comprehensive needs of tea tree growth. In addition, the physical form of the fertilizer (such as powder, liquid) also affects its storage, transportation and use efficiency.

[0008] 4. Unscientific fertilization strategy: During the fertilization process, there is a lack of scientific fertilization strategy and subsequent monitoring mechanism, resulting in low fertilizer utilization efficiency and unsustainable soil improvement effect. At the same time, there is insufficient monitoring of the growth of tea trees, and it is impossible to adjust the fertilization strategy in time to cope with environmental changes and changes in the growth needs of tea trees.

[0009] 5. Ignoring the role of plant growth regulators: In the preparation of biological fertilizers, the importance of plant growth regulators is often ignored. These substances play an important role in promoting the root development of tea trees and enhancing stress resistance, but there is little research and application on them in the existing technology.

[0010] In view of this, the existing technologies for improving tea garden soil have many shortcomings, and a more scientific, efficient and comprehensive soil improvement method is urgently needed. Summary of the invention

[0011] In view of these shortcomings, the present invention aims to propose a new technical solution to overcome the above shortcomings, and comprehensively improve the health of tea garden soil and the yield and quality of tea leaves by means of accurate screening of beneficial microorganisms, optimization of culture conditions, enrichment of fertilizer formula, scientific fertilization strategy and addition of plant growth regulators. In order to achieve the above invention purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0012] The tea garden soil improvement method based on microbial communities includes the following steps:

[0013] a) Collect multiple soil samples from the selected tea garden area, with the number of samples collected not less than 10 per hectare;

[0014] High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region was performed on soil samples to obtain composition information of soil microbial communities;

[0015] b) Determine the dominant microbial groups in the soil by performing bioinformatics analysis on the sequencing data, and screen out beneficial microorganisms with nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, and potassium solubilization functions;

[0016] c) Cultivate the selected beneficial microbial strains in the laboratory and optimize the culture medium formula to ensure that the concentration of viable bacteria in each liter of culture medium is not less than 108 CFU / mL;

[0017] d) centrifuging and concentrating the cultured beneficial microorganism solution, wherein the concentration of live bacteria in the solution reaches 109 CFU / mL or more;

[0018] e) preparing a biofertilizer containing the beneficial microorganisms, wherein the components of the biofertilizer include but are not limited to: concentrated bacterial solution, organic carrier, inorganic nutrient elements, and humic acid as a stabilizer;

[0019] f) the humic acid is added in an amount of 2% to 4% of the total mass of the biofertilizer, so that the number of viable bacteria per kilogram in the final product is not less than 100 million;

[0020] g) In spring or autumn, according to the physical and chemical properties of the tea garden soil, biological fertilizers are evenly spread on the surface of the tea garden soil at a dosage of 50-100 kg per mu, and the fertilizers are mixed into the soil layer through mechanical tillage, and the tillage depth is controlled between 15 and 25 cm;

[0021] h) After fertilization, take samples every month to test the changes in the physical and chemical properties of the soil, including but not limited to pH value, organic matter content, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and other indicators. At the same time, record the growth conditions of the tea trees, such as leaf color, root development, tea tree height, etc., and adjust the subsequent fertilization strategy based on the monitoring results.

[0022] Furthermore, the screening of the beneficial microbial strains also includes testing the adaptability of the strains under different environmental conditions, namely:

[0023] The temperature is between 10° C. and 35° C.; the humidity is between 60% and 90%; and the soil type is sandy loam or clay loam, so as to ensure that the selected strains can stably survive and function in an actual tea garden environment.

[0024] Furthermore, in step c), LB liquid culture medium is used to expand the culture of the beneficial microbial strains, and the culture conditions are optimized by adjusting the ratio of carbon source and nitrogen source, culture temperature, pH value and other conditions to increase the reproduction rate and biomass of the strains.

[0025] Furthermore, the preparation process of the biofertilizer also includes adding an appropriate amount of trace elements to meet the comprehensive nutritional requirements for the growth of tea trees;

[0026] The trace elements are selected from one or more of iron, manganese, zinc and boron, wherein:

[0027] The amount of iron (Fe) added is 0.5 to 2 grams per kilogram of biofertilizer.

[0028] Manganese (Mn) is added in an amount of 0.2 to 1 gram per kilogram of biofertilizer.

[0029] Zinc (Zn) is added in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5 grams per kilogram of biofertilizer.

[0030] The amount of boron (B) added is 0.05 to 0.2 grams per kilogram of biofertilizer.

[0031] And through the spray drying process, it is made into granular fertilizer, which is easy to store and transport.

[0032] Furthermore, the fertilization operation is preferably carried out when the soil is moist after rain so that the microbial agent can better adhere to the soil particles and promote its diffusion and colonization in the soil.

[0033] Furthermore, the soil improvement method also includes soil monitoring before and after fertilization, and the monitoring items include but are not limited to soil enzyme activity and soil respiration rate to evaluate changes in soil health status.

[0034] Furthermore, the monitoring also includes nutrient element analysis of tea leaves. By measuring the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the leaves, the effect of soil improvement on the nutrient absorption of tea trees is judged, and the ratio of beneficial microbial strains and fertilization strategies are adjusted accordingly.

[0035] Furthermore, in step e), the preparation process of the biological fertilizer further includes adding a plant growth regulator, wherein the plant growth regulator is selected from indoleacetic acid or gibberellin to promote the root development of tea plants and enhance the stress resistance of tea plants;

[0036] The added amount of the plant growth regulator accounts for 0.1% to 0.5% of the total weight of the biological fertilizer and is evenly distributed in the biological fertilizer to ensure that it is slowly released in the soil and continuously exerts its effect.

[0037] Compared with the traditional technology, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0038] 1. The present invention can accurately obtain the composition information of soil microbial communities by collecting multiple soil samples from tea garden areas and performing high-throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16SrRNA gene. Based on this information, the present invention can specifically screen out beneficial microorganisms with nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, and potassium solubilization functions, ensuring that the introduced microorganisms are accurate and powerful, thereby more effectively improving soil fertility.

[0039] 2. In the laboratory culture stage, the present invention not only uses an optimized culture medium formula, but also significantly improves the reproduction rate and biomass of beneficial microorganisms by adjusting the ratio of carbon source and nitrogen source, culture temperature, pH value and other conditions. This refined culture strategy ensures a high level of live bacteria concentration in the biofertilizer, thereby improving the improvement effect of the fertilizer.

[0040] 3. The biofertilizer of the present invention not only contains concentrated beneficial microbial liquid, but also adds organic carriers, inorganic nutrients and humic acid as stabilizers. In addition, appropriate trace elements (such as iron, manganese, zinc, and boron) are added according to the growth requirements of tea trees, and granular fertilizer is made through a spray drying process. This comprehensive fertilizer formula not only meets the various nutrients required for the growth of tea trees, but also improves the storage, transportation and use efficiency of fertilizers.

[0041] 4. The present invention takes into account the physical and chemical properties of tea garden soil when applying fertilizer, and formulates a reasonable fertilizer dosage and depth. At the same time, regular soil and tea tree growth status monitoring is also carried out after fertilization, so as to adjust the fertilization strategy in time. This scientific fertilization strategy ensures the full utilization of fertilizers and the continuous performance of soil improvement effects.

[0042] 5. The present invention specifically adds plant growth regulators (such as indoleacetic acid or gibberellin) during the preparation of biological fertilizers. These substances can promote the development of tea tree roots and enhance stress resistance, thereby further improving the yield and quality of tea leaves. In addition, the slow release characteristics of plant growth regulators also ensure their continued effect in the soil.

[0043] In summary, the present invention comprehensively overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art by accurately screening beneficial microorganisms, optimizing culture conditions, enriching fertilizer formulas, scientific fertilization strategies, and adding plant growth regulators, and provides a more scientific, efficient, and comprehensive solution for tea garden soil improvement. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Figure 1 This is an experimental data diagram of Experiment 1 of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 This is an experimental data diagram of Experiment 2 of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 3 This is an experimental data diagram of Experiment 3 of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 4 This is an experimental data diagram of Experiment 4 of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 5 This is an experimental data diagram of Experiment 5 of the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] Here, exemplary embodiments will be described in detail, and unless otherwise indicated, the embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present disclosure. Instead, they are only examples consistent with some aspects of the present disclosure as detailed in the appended claims.

[0050] The specific implementation methods of the present invention are as follows: 1. Soil sample collection and analysis

[0051] Collect soil samples: Collect no less than 10 soil samples / hectare from the selected tea garden area. Ensure that the sample points are evenly distributed in the tea garden to reflect the comprehensive conditions of the soil in the entire tea garden.

[0052] High-throughput sequencing: The collected soil samples were subjected to high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region to obtain information on the composition of the soil microbial community. Sequencing was performed using the Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform, and data analysis was performed using the QIIME software.

[0053] 2. Microbial strain screening

[0054] Bioinformatics analysis: Through bioinformatics analysis of sequencing data, the dominant microbial groups in the soil are determined, and beneficial microorganisms with nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, and potassium solubilization functions are screened out.

[0055] Environmental adaptability test: The selected beneficial microbial strains need to be tested for adaptability under different environmental conditions, including temperature (10°C to 35°C), humidity (60% to 90%), and soil type (sandy loam or clay loam) to ensure that the selected strains can survive stably and function in the actual tea garden environment.

[0056] 3. Laboratory cultivation and optimization

[0057] Culture medium optimization: Use LB liquid culture medium to expand the culture of beneficial microbial strains, and optimize the culture conditions by adjusting the ratio of carbon source and nitrogen source, culture temperature, pH value and other conditions to increase the reproduction rate and biomass of the strains, and ensure that the concentration of live bacteria in each liter of culture medium is not less than 10^8CFU / mL.

[0058] 4. Bacterial liquid concentration and biofertilizer preparation

[0059] Bacterial liquid concentration: The beneficial microbial bacterial liquid obtained by culture is centrifuged and concentrated. The concentration standard is that the concentration of live bacteria in the bacterial liquid reaches 10^9 CFU / mL or above.

[0060] Preparation of biological fertilizer: Prepare biological fertilizer containing concentrated bacterial liquid, organic carrier (such as rice husk, wheat straw powder), inorganic nutrient elements (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), and add humic acid as a stabilizer. The amount of humic acid added is 2% to 4% of the total mass of the biological fertilizer by mass ratio, so that the number of live bacteria per kilogram in the final product is not less than 100 million.

[0061] Trace element addition: Add appropriate trace elements to the biofertilizer, including iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and boron (B). The specific addition amount is: iron (Fe) 0.5 to 2 g / kg, manganese (Mn) 0.2 to 1 g / kg, zinc (Zn) 0.1 to 0.5 g / kg, and boron (B) 0.05 to 0.2 g / kg. Granular fertilizer is made through spray drying process, which is convenient for storage and transportation.

[0062] 5. Fertilization

[0063] Fertilization time and method: In spring or autumn, according to the physical and chemical properties of the tea garden soil, biological fertilizers are evenly spread on the surface of the tea garden soil at a dosage of 50 to 100 kg per mu, and the fertilizers are mixed into the soil layer through mechanical tillage, and the tillage depth is controlled between 15 and 25 cm. Fertilization is preferably carried out after rain when the soil is moist, so that the microbial agents can better adhere to the soil particles and promote their diffusion and colonization in the soil.

[0064] 6. Monitoring and adjustment

[0065] Soil monitoring: After fertilization, soil samples are taken every month to test changes in physical and chemical properties, including but not limited to pH value, organic matter content, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium, and the growth status of tea trees is recorded, such as leaf color, root development, tea tree height, etc. Monitoring items also include soil enzyme activity and soil respiration rate to evaluate changes in soil health.

[0066] Tea leaf analysis: Monitoring also includes nutrient element analysis of tea leaves. By measuring the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the leaves, the effect of soil improvement on the nutrient absorption of tea trees can be judged, and the ratio of beneficial microbial strains and fertilization strategies can be adjusted accordingly.

[0067] 7. Add plant growth regulators

[0068] Plant growth regulators: Plant growth regulators, such as indoleacetic acid (IAA) or gibberellin (GA), are added to biofertilizers to promote the development of tea plant roots and enhance their stress resistance. The amount of plant growth regulators added is 0.1% to 0.5% of the total weight of the biofertilizer and is evenly distributed in the biofertilizer to ensure that it is slowly released in the soil and continues to work.

[0069] In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the above-mentioned tea garden soil improvement method based on microbial communities, we designed a series of experiments to verify the effects of each step, as follows:

[0070] Experiment 1: Soil sample collection and microbial community analysis

[0071] Objective: To verify the rationality of the soil sample collection method and analyze the soil microbial community structure by high-throughput sequencing technology.

[0072] Experimental process:

[0073] Sample collection: In the selected tea garden area (assuming an area of ​​1 hectare), 10 sampling points were randomly selected and soil samples of 0-20 cm depth were collected at each sampling point.

[0074] Sample processing: Mix the collected soil samples evenly, remove impurities, and store them in a 4°C refrigerator for later use.

[0075] High-throughput sequencing: The Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform was used to perform high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region of the soil samples.

[0076] Data analysis: QIIME software was used to analyze the data and determine the dominant microbial groups in the soil.

[0077] Specific data (such as attached Figure 1 shown):

[0078] Sequencing data: On average, each sample generates approximately 200,000 high-quality sequences.

[0079] Dominant microbial groups:

[0080] Azotobacter: average relative abundance 5.2%

[0081] Bacillus: average relative abundance was 3.8%

[0082] Pseudomonas: average relative abundance 4.5%

[0083] in conclusion:

[0084] Through high-throughput sequencing and data analysis, the dominant microbial groups in the tea garden soil were identified, and beneficial microbial strains with nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization and potassium solubilization functions were screened out.

[0085] Experiment 2: Microbial strain screening and environmental adaptability testing

[0086] Objective: To screen out beneficial microbial strains suitable for tea garden soil conditions and verify their adaptability under different environmental conditions.

[0087] Experimental process:

[0088] Strain screening: From the beneficial microbial strains screened in step 1, further screen out strains that are adapted to the soil conditions of the tea garden.

[0089] Environmental adaptability test:

[0090] Temperature range: 10℃ to 35℃

[0091] Humidity range: 60% to 90%

[0092] Soil Type: Sandy loam and clay loam

[0093] Growth test: Under different environmental conditions, observe the growth of the strain and record its growth rate and biomass.

[0094] Specific data (such as attached Figure 2 shown):

[0095] Growth rate:

[0096] 10℃:0.02h^-1

[0097] 20℃:0.06h^-1

[0098] 30℃:0.08h^-1

[0099] 35℃:0.04h^-1

[0100] Biomass:

[0101] 60% humidity: 0.2g / L

[0102] 70% humidity: 0.4g / L

[0103] 80% humidity: 0.5g / L

[0104] 90% humidity: 0.3g / L

[0105] Soil Type:

[0106] Sandy loam: 0.45 g / L

[0107] Clay loam: 0.4 g / L

[0108] in conclusion:

[0109] Through environmental adaptability testing, beneficial microbial strains that can grow stably under different environmental conditions are screened out.

[0110] Experiment 3: Laboratory cultivation and optimization

[0111] Objective: To optimize the culture conditions of beneficial microbial strains and increase their reproduction rate and biomass.

[0112] Experimental process:

[0113] Culture medium selection: Use LB liquid culture medium.

[0114] Optimization of culture conditions: Optimize culture conditions by adjusting the ratio of carbon source and nitrogen source, culture temperature, pH value and other conditions.

[0115] Strain culture: Expand the culture of beneficial microbial strains under optimized culture conditions to ensure that the concentration of live bacteria in each liter of culture medium is not less than 10^8 CFU / mL.

[0116] Specific data (such as attached Figure 3 shown):

[0117] Optimization conditions:

[0118] Carbon source: Glucose (20g / L)

[0119] Nitrogen source: peptone (10g / L)

[0120] Culture temperature: 28℃

[0121] pH: 7.0

[0122] Strain concentration:

[0123] 24 hours: 5×10^7 CFU / mL

[0124] 48 hours: 1×10^8 CFU / mL

[0125] 72 hours: 2×10^8 CFU / mL

[0126] in conclusion:

[0127] By optimizing the culture conditions, the reproduction rate and biomass of beneficial microbial strains were significantly improved, ensuring that the concentration of live bacteria in the bacterial solution reached above 10^8 CFU / mL.

[0128] Experiment 4: Bacterial liquid concentration and biofertilizer preparation

[0129] Objective: To prepare biofertilizer containing beneficial microorganisms and verify its stability and effectiveness.

[0130] Experimental process:

[0131] Bacterial liquid concentration: The beneficial microbial bacterial liquid obtained by culture is centrifuged and concentrated. The concentration standard is that the concentration of live bacteria in the bacterial liquid reaches 10^9 CFU / mL or above.

[0132] Biofertilizer preparation:

[0133] Ingredients: concentrated bacterial solution, organic carrier (rice husk powder), inorganic nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), humic acid

[0134] Humic acid addition amount: 2% to 4% of the total mass of biofertilizer

[0135] Trace element addition amount: iron (Fe) 0.5 to 2 g / kg, manganese (Mn) 0.2 to 1 g / kg, zinc (Zn) 0.1 to 0.5 g / kg, boron (B) 0.05 to 0.2 g / kg

[0136] Preparation method: Made into granular fertilizer through spray drying process

[0137] Specific data (such as attached Figure 4 shown):

[0138] Concentrated bacterial solution: After centrifugal concentration, the concentration of live bacteria in the bacterial solution reaches above 10^9 CFU / mL.

[0139] Biofertilizer ingredients:

[0140] Concentrated bacterial solution: 10%

[0141] Organic carrier (rice husk powder): 70%

[0142] Inorganic nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium): 10%

[0143] Humic acid: 4%

[0144] Trace elements: 2%

[0145] Stability test: After the prepared biofertilizer was stored at 4°C for 3 months, the live bacteria concentration remained above 10^8 CFU / g.

[0146] in conclusion:

[0147] The prepared biological fertilizer contains sufficient number of live bacteria, and its stability and effectiveness are improved by adding appropriate amounts of humic acid and trace elements.

[0148] Experiment 5: Fertilization operation and effect monitoring

[0149] Objective: To verify the effect of fertilization operations and evaluate the soil improvement effect by monitoring the physical and chemical properties of soil and the growth of tea trees.

[0150] Experimental process:

[0151] Fertilization: In spring or autumn, according to the physical and chemical properties of the tea garden soil, biological fertilizer is evenly spread on the soil surface of the tea garden at a dosage of 50 to 100 kg per mu, and the fertilizer is mixed into the soil layer through mechanical tillage, and the tillage depth is controlled between 15 and 25 cm.

[0152] Fertilization time: preferably after rain when the soil is moist.

[0153] Effect monitoring:

[0154] Monitor changes in soil physical and chemical properties, including pH value, organic matter content, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and other indicators.

[0155] Record the growth conditions of tea trees, such as leaf color, root development, height of tea trees, etc.

[0156] Monitor indicators such as soil enzyme activity and soil respiration rate to evaluate changes in soil health status.

[0157] The nutrient element analysis of tea leaves is carried out to determine the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the leaves to determine the effect of soil improvement on the nutrient absorption of tea trees.

[0158] Specific data (such as attached Figure 5 shown):

[0159] Changes in soil physical and chemical properties:

[0160] pH value: The average pH value before fertilization was 5.5 and rose to 6.0 after fertilization.

[0161] Organic matter content: The average before fertilization was 2.5%, which increased to 3.2% after fertilization.

[0162] Total nitrogen: The average before fertilization was 0.2%, and it rose to 0.3% after fertilization.

[0163] Available phosphorus: The average before fertilization was 10 mg / kg, and it increased to 15 mg / kg after fertilization.

[0164] Quick-acting potassium: The average before fertilization was 120 mg / kg, and it rose to 180 mg / kg after fertilization.

[0165] Tea tree growth conditions:

[0166] Leaf color: The leaf color becomes brighter green after fertilization.

[0167] Root development: The root system is well developed after fertilization, and the root length increases by an average of 20%.

[0168] Tea tree height: The average height of tea trees increased by 10% after fertilization.

[0169] Soil enzyme activity:

[0170] Urease activity: The average before fertilization was 0.4 μmol / (g·h), and increased to 0.6 μmol / (g·h) after fertilization.

[0171] Alkaline phosphatase activity: The average before fertilization was 1.2 μmol / (g·h), and increased to 1.8 μmol / (g·h) after fertilization.

[0172] Soil respiration rate:

[0173] The average value before fertilization was 1.5 μmolCO2 / (m 2 ·h), and after fertilization, it rose to 2.0μmolCO2 / (m 2 h).

[0174] Tea tree leaf nutritional element analysis:

[0175] Nitrogen content: The average before fertilization was 2.5%, which rose to 3.0% after fertilization.

[0176] Phosphorus content: The average before fertilization was 0.2%, and it rose to 0.3% after fertilization.

[0177] Potassium content: The average before fertilization was 2.0%, which rose to 2.5% after fertilization.

[0178] in conclusion:

[0179] Through fertilization operations, the physical and chemical properties of the soil have been significantly improved, the growth of tea trees has been enhanced, and through continuous monitoring and adjustment, the soil improvement effect has been maximized.

[0180] Summarize

[0181] Through the design and implementation of the above five experiments, the effectiveness of the tea garden soil improvement method based on microbial communities was verified. The specific experimental process includes soil sample collection and analysis, microbial strain screening, laboratory cultivation and optimization, biofertilizer preparation, fertilization operations and effect monitoring. The experimental results show that this method can significantly improve soil quality, promote the healthy growth of tea trees, and ensure the maximization of soil improvement effects through continuous monitoring and adjustment. Specific data support the effectiveness and scientificity of each experimental step.

[0182] The above is only one of the specific implementations of the present invention, but the technical features of the present invention are not limited thereto. Any modification, equivalent replacement or improvement made within the technical concept of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tea garden soil improvement method based on microbial communities, characterized in that The following steps are involved: a) Collect multiple soil samples from the selected tea garden area, with the number of samples collected not less than 10 per hectare; High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region was performed on soil samples to obtain composition information of soil microbial communities; b) Determine the dominant microbial groups in the soil by performing bioinformatics analysis on the sequencing data, and screen out beneficial microorganisms with nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, and potassium solubilization functions; c) Cultivate the selected beneficial microbial strains in the laboratory and optimize the culture medium formula to ensure that the concentration of live bacteria per liter of culture medium is not less than 10 8 CFU / mL; d) The cultured beneficial microorganisms are concentrated by centrifugation, and the concentration standard is that the concentration of live bacteria in the culture reaches 10 9 CFU / mL or above; e) preparing a biofertilizer containing the beneficial microorganisms, wherein the components of the biofertilizer include but are not limited to: concentrated bacterial solution, organic carrier, inorganic nutrient elements, and humic acid as a stabilizer; f) the humic acid is added in an amount of 2% to 4% of the total mass of the biofertilizer, so that the number of viable bacteria per kilogram in the final product is not less than 100 million; g) In spring or autumn, according to the physical and chemical properties of the tea garden soil, biological fertilizers are evenly spread on the surface of the tea garden soil at a dosage of 50-100 kg per mu, and the fertilizers are mixed into the soil layer through mechanical tillage, and the tillage depth is controlled between 15 and 25 cm; h) After fertilization, take samples every month to test the changes in the physical and chemical properties of the soil, including but not limited to pH value, organic matter content, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and other indicators. At the same time, record the growth conditions of the tea trees, such as leaf color, root development, tea tree height, etc., and adjust the subsequent fertilization strategy based on the monitoring results.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The screening of the beneficial microbial strains also includes testing the adaptability of the strains under different environmental conditions, namely: The temperature is between 10° C. and 35° C.; the humidity is between 60% and 90%; and the soil type is sandy loam or clay loam, so as to ensure that the selected strains can stably survive and function in an actual tea garden environment.

3. The method according to claim 2 is further characterized in that, in step c), LB liquid culture medium is used to expand the culture of the beneficial microbial strain, and the culture conditions are optimized by adjusting the ratio of carbon source and nitrogen source, culture temperature, pH value and other conditions to increase the reproduction rate and biomass of the strain.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The preparation process of the biological fertilizer also includes adding an appropriate amount of trace elements to meet the comprehensive nutritional needs of the tea tree growth; The trace elements are selected from one or more of iron, manganese, zinc and boron, wherein: The amount of iron (Fe) added is 0.5 to 2 grams per kilogram of biofertilizer. Manganese (Mn) is added in an amount of 0.2 to 1 gram per kilogram of biofertilizer. Zinc (Zn) is added in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5 grams per kilogram of biofertilizer. The amount of boron (B) added is 0.05 to 0.2 grams per kilogram of biofertilizer. And through the spray drying process, it is made into granular fertilizer, which is easy to store and transport.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fertilization operation is preferably carried out after rain when the soil is moist, so that the microbial agent can better adhere to the soil particles and promote its diffusion and colonization in the soil.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The soil improvement method also includes soil monitoring before and after fertilization, and the monitoring items include but are not limited to soil enzyme activity and soil respiration rate to evaluate changes in soil health status.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The monitoring also includes nutrient element analysis of tea leaves. By measuring the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the leaves, the effect of soil improvement on the nutrient absorption of tea trees is judged, and the ratio of beneficial microbial strains and fertilization strategies are adjusted accordingly.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: In step e), the preparation process of the biological fertilizer further includes adding a plant growth regulator, wherein the plant growth regulator is selected from indoleacetic acid or gibberellin to promote the root development of tea plants and enhance the stress resistance of tea plants; The added amount of the plant growth regulator accounts for 0.1% to 0.5% of the total weight of the biological fertilizer and is evenly distributed in the biological fertilizer to ensure that it is slowly released in the soil and continuously exerts its effect.

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