Method for ecological restoration of subalpine meadow slope after engineering disturbance

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological restoration method for a subalpine meadow side slope after engineering disturbance, and the method comprises the steps: transplanting local native turf to a specific position of the side slope in a chessboard type layout mode, and stripping and filling the soil of the native turf into an unoccupied area except the transplanted turf, so that a local ecological system can be quickly restored, and the ecological restoration of the subalpine meadow side slope is facilitated. Meanwhile, the balance of a local ecological system is maintained, and the service function of the local ecological system is restored. According to the method, the local native turf is transplanted in a chessboard type layout mode, manpower and material resources are effectively saved, meanwhile, half of the native turf is transplanted to drive an original seed bank in soil to grow, vegetation coverage of the whole restoration area is promoted to be rapidly achieved, native vegetation is used for restoration, harm caused by using alien species is avoided, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. Meanwhile, the method has the advantages of low cost, high recovery speed, high survival rate and the like, and the purposes of recovering an ecological system by using local species and seed banks and recovering nature in a natural manner are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of slope ecological restoration, and in particular relates to a method for ecological restoration of a subalpine meadow slope after engineering disturbance. Background Art

[0002] As a type of alpine meadow, subalpine meadows are distributed at altitudes between 3000 and 4000 meters. Subalpine meadows are not only excellent alpine pastures, but also important tourist resources and ecological protection barriers. In recent years, due to overgrazing, subalpine meadows are facing problems such as grassland degradation and a gradual decline in animal husbandry production capacity; in addition, the stability of the ecological functions of subalpine meadows is seriously threatened due to agricultural, tourism development, infrastructure construction and other reasons. In particular, with the continuous increase in new energy development projects such as wind power and solar energy in recent years, excavation, filling, and waste dumping during the construction process will inevitably change the original topography and landforms of the project area, change the surface soil structure, and damage forest and grass vegetation. The problems of destruction of native vegetation in meadows, degradation of plant communities and ecosystem functions caused by engineering construction disturbances are becoming increasingly serious.

[0003] Due to the cold, dry, strong radiation, and high wind speed climate characteristics of the high-altitude areas where subalpine meadows are located, the plant growing season is short, the survival rate is low, and the growth is slow. In addition, due to many factors such as slow soil development and thin soil layers, the vegetation system is very difficult to recover after being disturbed by engineering construction, which has led to problems such as increased soil erosion and serious damage to the ecological functions of grasslands. Given the fragility of the subalpine meadow vegetation ecosystem and its easy damage and difficulty in recovery, the implementation of soil and water conservation ecological restoration projects in this area is difficult and technically demanding. It is urgent to carry out key technology research on soil and water conservation ecological restoration with a focus on the protection and restoration of subalpine meadow vegetation under human disturbance conditions.

[0004] Compared with alpine / subalpine meadows in other regions, the low-latitude plateau subalpine meadow belt has a lower geographical latitude distribution, significant regional three-dimensional climate characteristics, and is affected by the marine climate with generally higher rainfall. It also has rich plant communities and relatively well-maintained meadow ecological functions.

[0005] Subalpine meadow ecosystems in high-altitude and cold regions are usually very fragile and sensitive. Engineering disturbances will inevitably affect the local ecosystem. Due to special climatic reasons, it is difficult to collect local plant seeds. Sowing with foreign seeds and transplanting foreign turfs can easily lead to the invasion of foreign species and cause irreversible consequences. Therefore, how to carry out ecological restoration of subalpine meadow slopes after engineering disturbance is the primary issue. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a method for ecological restoration of subalpine meadow slopes after engineering disturbance. The method adopts a chessboard layout to transplant local native turf to a designated position on the slope, and strips the soil from the original site of the turf and fills it into the vacant area except for the transplanted turf, which can help to quickly restore the local ecosystem, and at the same time, it is beneficial to maintain the balance of the local ecosystem and restore the service function of the local ecosystem. The chessboard layout effectively saves manpower and material resources. By transplanting half of the native turf, the original seed bank in the soil is driven to grow, which promotes the rapid realization of vegetation coverage in the entire restoration area. Moreover, the native vegetation is used for restoration, avoiding the harm caused by the use of alien species. At the same time, it has the advantages of low cost, fast recovery, and high survival rate, so as to achieve the purpose of restoring the ecosystem with native species and seed banks and restoring nature in a natural way.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the basic concept of the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] A method for ecological restoration of subalpine meadow slopes after engineering disturbance is carried out in the following steps:

[0009] (1) Use a turf-scraping machine to first break up the turf into small pieces in the undamaged area near the repair area, and store them separately using appropriate storage methods according to the duration of the project construction;

[0010] (2) Using a soil sampling tool, continue to remove soil to a depth of 5 cm to 8 cm in the area where the turfing has been performed, and similarly use a corresponding storage method to store the soil separately;

[0011] (3) transplanting the independent small pieces of turf preserved in step (1) in a chessboard-like layout in the repaired slope area with a slope less than 60°, and fixing them with bamboo sticks at the four corners and the center of the turf;

[0012] (4) In the repaired slope area with a slope of less than 60°, the soil preserved in step (2) is filled into the area where the turf is not transplanted in a checkerboard pattern, in order to utilize the seed bank preserved in the soil to assist in the repair of the damaged area;

[0013] (5) After step (3) is completed, watering, fertilization, pest control and other post-maintenance should be done. Among them, lawn mowing must follow the 1 / 3 principle, that is, each time the lawn is mowed, the height of the lawn should not exceed 1 / 3 of the natural height of the lawn grass stems and leaves.

[0014] Furthermore, the turf removed in step (1) is 30 cm long and 30 cm wide. When removing the turf, the soil within 15 cm to 20 cm below the ground surface is peeled off together with the lawn root system, and moisture is kept to ensure the survival of the turf. Before removing the turf, the turf is trimmed to a suitable height for transportation;

[0015] Furthermore, in step (3), the site should be cleaned before operation to remove weeds on the slope that may compete with the lawn grass and stones that are not conducive to the growth of the lawn;

[0016] Furthermore, in step (5), water the soil in large quantities during the first watering to ensure thorough watering. Water the soil once or twice a day for the first two weeks, and then water the soil every 2-5 days depending on weather conditions.

[0017] Furthermore, the preservation method of the turf and soil in steps (1) and (2) can be selected according to the construction time of the project, and the stacking method or the overhead method can be used to preserve the turf. Fig.11 / 12, the specific storage method is as follows:

[0018] 1) Stacking method

[0019] The method is to stack the peeled turf for storage. When stacking, the edges of each turf are close together, and the upper and lower adjacent layers of turf are stacked crosswise to allow air permeability and water seepage. The number of stacking layers is preferably 3-5 layers, and thickened non-woven fabric is used to cover and protect. The storage location is selected on a shady slope without meadow vegetation to avoid direct sunlight that causes the turf to evaporate too quickly and die. During the stacking storage, water should be sprinkled regularly on the surface of each layer to keep it moist, but not too wet to avoid root rot. The general storage time should not exceed 30 days.

[0020] 2) Overhead method

[0021] This method is to use steel pipes, wooden boards or other materials to build a support to form an overhead layer to store the stripped turf. The support is generally set up with 3 to 5 layers, each layer is equipped with a bottom plate and a guard plate. The bottom plate can be made of steel plate or other materials that can bear the weight of the turf, and the guard plate can be made of 15 cm high bamboo board. The bottom plate and guard plate can reduce the exposed surface of the stripped soil and turf, reduce water evaporation, and thus increase the survival rate of the turf. The storage location can be built in a simple factory building around the project site for centralized storage, and regular watering and maintenance. The two adjacent layers of turf stored in this method do not affect each other, and a certain distance is set to provide sufficient growth space for the turf, which can be stored for a long time.

[0022] In the present invention, the means of fertilizing and pest control is to use biomass fertilizer with both fertilizer and insecticide functions.

[0023] In the present invention, the preparation process of biomass fertilizer is as follows:

[0024] Step 1: Collect animal feces within 3 kilometers of the area to be restored;

[0025] Step 2: Evenly mix the animal manure and humus in a mass percentage of 1:4-1:5;

[0026] Step 3: Ferment at 45-60℃ for 10-15 days.

[0027] In the present invention, the usage amount of biomass fertilizer is 10-15 grams per square meter.

[0028] In the present invention, the animal manure includes one or more of cow manure, sheep manure, chicken manure and pig manure.

[0029] In the present invention, the humus is formed after the plants in the area to be restored decay.

[0030] In the present invention, the biomass fertilizer contains Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and yeast.

[0031] After adopting the above technical scheme, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art.

[0032] 1. From the perspective of benefits: the present invention adopts a chessboard layout for restoration, and the area of ​​transplanted turf accounts for half of the total restoration area, which greatly saves manpower and material resources, while reducing the amount of turf used, and improving the economic and ecological benefits of the restoration project. The remaining half of the untransplanted turf is filled with soil at the turf peeling site. The soil contains a species-rich seed bank, and the seeds can effectively assist the growth of transplanted turf after germination. The combination of the two can achieve rapid greening of the slope after engineering disturbance, while improving the ecological and economic benefits brought by the restoration.

[0033] 2. In terms of survival rate: chessboard-style restoration has the best effect. Full-coverage transplantation and whole-block sowing are not feasible for the following reasons: subalpine meadows are at a high altitude, with strong winds, cold climate, poor soil conditions, and insufficient rainfall; full-coverage transplantation can survive in the early stage, but the turf gradually withers and dies in the later stage due to poor soil conditions and low temperature; the whole-block sowing has slow seed growth due to lack of water and cold climate in the early stage, and the grass seeds gradually germinate in the later stage; chessboard-style transplantation fully compensates for the shortcomings of full-coverage transplantation and whole-block sowing: early transplantation of turf can lock in moisture well, provide germination conditions for seeds in the blank soil, and help the seed bank in the soil germinate in the later stage. Transplantation is used to drive the germination and growth of seeds in the blank to complete a complete succession to achieve the effect of restoration and ensure the survival rate.

[0034] 3. From the perspective of ecological balance: The chessboard-like layout adopted in the present invention to transplant native turf and utilize native turf near the restoration area avoids species invasion caused by seed banks in foreign soil and foreign seed sowing, thus preventing irreversible consequences for the ecological balance of the subalpine meadow ecosystem.

[0035] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and attached tables. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] The accompanying drawings are part of this application and are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention, but do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work. In the drawings:

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the chessboard layout of this slope restoration scheme;

[0038] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the layout of bamboo sticks in step (3);

[0039] Figure 3 These are the pictures of the day of the simulated ecological restoration experiment in group 2 / 4 (chessboard style);

[0040] Figure 4 This is the picture after 18 days of restoration in the 2 / 4 group (checkerboard) experiment;

[0041] Figure 5 This is the picture after 27 days of repair in the 2 / 4 group (checkerboard) experiment;

[0042] Figure 6 This is the picture after 41 days of restoration in the 2 / 4 group (checkerboard) experiment;

[0043] Figure 7 This is a picture of the 2 / 4 group (checkerboard) experiment after 60 days of repair.

[0044] Figure 8 These are the pictures taken 18 days after restoration in the 1 / 4 and 3 / 4 groups;

[0045] Fig. 9 These are the pictures taken 27 days after restoration in the 1 / 4 and 3 / 4 groups;

[0046] Fig.10 These are the pictures taken 41 days after restoration in the 1 / 4 and 3 / 4 group experiments;

[0047] Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of stacking storage;

[0048] Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of overhead storage.

[0049] It should be noted that these drawings and textual descriptions are not intended to limit the conceptual scope of the present invention in any way, but are intended to illustrate the concept of the present invention for those skilled in the art by referring to specific embodiments.

[0050] Explanation of the attached table:

[0051] Table 1 is a statistical table of plant growth height data (cm);

[0052] Table 2 is a statistical table of plant coverage and uniformity data. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings and appendices in the embodiments of the present invention. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention but are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0054] Combined with Figure 1-12 As shown, the present invention has carried out a comparative test on the ecological restoration of subalpine meadow slopes after simulated engineering disturbance in the laboratory using a trolley device for simulating slope ecological restoration and tall fescue turf near the laboratory. The test used a 1 / 4, 2 / 4 (chessboard), and 3 / 4 layout to transplant native turf to designated locations to form a comparison of slope ecological restoration effects, and significant results have been achieved.

[0055] Among them, the 1 / 4 group: the cart devices A and B use two different layout methods respectively; the 2 / 4 group (chessboard type): the cart devices A and B, the cart A uses the transplanting method only, and the cart B uses the transplanting and sowing method. The specific operation steps in practice are as follows:

[0056] (1) Use a turf-stripping machine to scrape off small pieces of turf that has good growth near the laboratory, and store them separately by stacking them. Keep them moist to ensure the survival of the turf. When scraping off the turf, peel off the soil within 15cm to 20cm below the surface together with the turf roots;

[0057] (2) Using soil sampling tools, continue to strip the soil to a depth of 5 cm to 8 cm in the area where the turfing has been performed, along with the remaining roots and seed banks therein, and also use the stacking method to preserve them separately;

[0058] (3) Remove all impurities that are not conducive to the growth of turf on the simulated slope trolley, and then transplant the independent small pieces of turf stored in step (1) on each trolley device in a 1 / 4, 2 / 4 (chessboard), and 3 / 4 layout, and compact them to ensure that the turf and soil are in full contact to facilitate growth. Then fix the turf with bamboo sticks at the four corners and the center;

[0059] (4) filling the area where the turf is not transplanted with the soil stored in step (2) on each trolley device, so as to utilize the remaining root system and seed bank stored in the soil to assist in the repair of the damaged area, and the soil covering thickness is at the same level as the transplanted turf;

[0060] (5) After step (4) is completed, water the lawn and soil for a long time with a small amount of water to ensure that the lawn and soil are thoroughly watered. Water twice a day in the first week, once in the morning and once in the evening; water once a day after one week; water once every 2-5 days after two weeks, depending on weather conditions. Fertilize, control pests, prune and other maintenance work should also be performed regularly.

[0061] Table 1 Plant growth height statistics (cm)

[0062]

[0063] Note: Plant height refers to the distance from the highest point of the plant's stems and leaves to the intersection of its roots and the ground. Measurement method: Straighten the plant's stems and leaves, measure with a ruler, and measure 2-3 times to get the average value.

[0064] Table 2 Plant coverage and uniformity data statistics

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] Note: Coverage is the percentage of the projected area of ​​plant stems and leaves on the ground in a certain area to the total area of ​​the area; uniformity refers to the overall neatness of the plants (on a 10-point scale, 0-4 points for uneven plants with very large differences; 5-6 points for inconsistent and large differences in plant heights; 7-9 points for neat plants with consistent or basically consistent heights).

[0068] The final test results show that:

[0069] 1. The restoration effect of group 1 / 4 was poor, and it was impossible to achieve vegetation coverage in a short period of time, thus achieving the purpose of ecological restoration; the restoration effects of groups 2 / 4 (chessboard) and 3 / 4 were better, and vegetation coverage could be quickly achieved in a short period of time, thus achieving the purpose of restoring nature in a natural way. The restoration effects of the two methods were not much different. Among them, group B in group 2 / 4 (chessboard) had the best coverage and uniformity, and the best restoration effect.

[0070] 2. The chessboard layout method drives the growth of the original seed bank in the soil by transplanting half of the turf, effectively saving manpower and material resources, and achieving the effect of quickly achieving vegetation coverage in the entire restoration area, thereby achieving the purpose of slope ecological restoration after engineering disturbance.

[0071] 3. In the 2 / 4 group (chessboard), two ecological restoration methods were used: transplantation only and seeding plus transplantation. Among them, the transplantation plus seeding restoration method of car B was faster than the seeding restoration method of car A. However, both methods can eventually achieve rapid vegetation coverage and achieve the purpose of slope ecological restoration. In actual projects, whether to seed can be selected according to the actual needs of the project.

[0072] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as a preferred embodiment, it is not used to limit the present invention. Any technician familiar with this patent can make some changes or modify the technical contents suggested above into equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention still fall within the scope of the solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for ecological restoration of subalpine meadow slopes after engineering disturbance, characterized in that: The steps include: Step (1): In the undamaged area of ​​the restoration area before the disturbance, the turf is cut into small independent pieces (30 cm long × 30 cm wide × 15 cm to 20 cm thick) using a turf cutter, and the pieces are stored separately using a corresponding storage method according to the duration of the construction project; Step (2): using a soil sampling tool to continue stripping the soil to a depth of 5 cm to 8 cm in the area where the turfing was performed, and similarly using a corresponding storage method to store the soil separately; Step (3), in the slope area to be repaired with a slope of less than 60° after the engineering disturbance, the independent small pieces of turf preserved in step (1) are transplanted in a checkerboard layout, and fixed with bamboo sticks at the four corners and the center of the turf; Step (4), filling the areas of the chessboard where the turf has not been transplanted with the soil stored in step (2) in place, using the seed bank stored in the soil to assist in the repair of the damaged areas; Step (5): After step (3), watering, fertilizing, pest control and other post-maintenance should be done well; lawn mowing must follow the 1 / 3 principle: each time the lawn is mowed, the height of the lawn should not exceed 1 / 3 of the natural height of the lawn grass stems and leaves.

2. The method for ecological restoration of subalpine meadow slopes after engineering disturbance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The turf removed in step (1) is 30 cm long and 30 cm wide. When removing the turf, the soil within 15 cm to 20 cm below the ground surface is peeled off together with the lawn roots, and moisture is maintained to ensure the survival of the turf.

3. The method for ecological restoration of subalpine meadow slopes after engineering disturbance according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step (3) Before the operation, the site should be cleaned and all kinds of obstacles such as weeds that may compete with the lawn grass and stones that are not conducive to the growth of the lawn should be removed.

4. The method for ecological restoration of subalpine meadow slopes after engineering disturbance according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (5), water the plants abundantly during the first watering to ensure thorough watering. Water the plants once or twice a day for the first two weeks, and then water them every 2-5 days depending on the weather conditions.

5. The method for ecological restoration of subalpine meadow slopes after engineering disturbance according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (5), the means of fertilizing and pest control is to use biomass fertilizer that has both fertilizer and insecticide functions.

6. The method for ecological restoration of subalpine meadow slopes after engineering disturbance according to claim 5, characterized in that: The preparation process of biomass fertilizer is as follows: Step 1: Collect animal feces within 3 kilometers of the restoration area; Step 2: Evenly mix animal manure and humus in a mass percentage of 1:4-1:5; Step 3: Ferment at 45-60℃ for 10-15 days.

7. The method for ecological restoration of subalpine meadow slopes after engineering disturbance according to claim 5, characterized in that: The usage of biomass fertilizer is 10-15 grams per square meter.

8. The method for ecological restoration of subalpine meadow slopes after engineering disturbance according to claim 6, characterized in that: The animal manure includes one or more of cow manure, sheep manure, chicken manure and pig manure.

9. The method for ecological restoration of subalpine meadow slopes after engineering disturbance according to claim 6, characterized in that: The humus is formed after the plants in the area to be restored decay.

10. The method for ecological restoration of subalpine meadow slopes after engineering disturbance according to claim 7, characterized in that: Biomass fertilizer contains Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and yeast.

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