B4C granules / TC4 wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The preparation method comprises the steps that carbon powder and B4C particles are mixed to form mixed powder, aluminum alloy welding wires, TC4 wires and the mixed powder serve as raw materials, the aluminum-based composite material is prepared through the electric arc additive manufacturing technology, a wire feeding auxiliary device and a powder feeding auxiliary device are installed at the tail end of a welding gun and synchronously move along with the welding gun, and the B4C particles and the TC4 wires are welded to form the B4C particle / TC4 wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material. The B4C particle / TC4 wire reinforced aluminum matrix composite is obtained by loading the B4C particle / TC4 wire into a wire feeding auxiliary device, loading the mixed powder into a powder feeding auxiliary device, carrying out synchronous powder feeding and wire feeding on the center of a molten pool to obtain an aluminum matrix composite, and then carrying out annealing heat treatment to obtain the B4C particle / TC4 wire reinforced aluminum matrix composite. B4C particles are added to form an Al-Ti-B4C system, B4C, Ti and a brittle intermetallic compound TiAl3 react to generate TiC and TiB2, the double-gradient wear-resistant composite material is formed, and the overall wear resistance and high-temperature stability of the material are remarkably enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum-based composite materials, and relates to a B4C particle / TC4 wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Aluminum alloys are widely used in automobile manufacturing, aerospace, electronic communications and other fields due to their light weight, high specific modulus and strength. Titanium alloy wires have the advantages of high strength, good thermal stability and corrosion resistance, and have similar elongation to aluminum alloys. Embedding titanium alloy wires as continuous fibers into aluminum-based composites can simultaneously improve the strength and ductility of aluminum-based composites.

[0003] Based on directed energy deposition additive manufacturing technology, the team led by Academician Lu Bingheng and Associate Professor Fang Xuewei from Xi'an Jiaotong University invented a new additive manufacturing technology for metal continuous fiber reinforced composites. For the first time, they realized the manufacturing of titanium fiber reinforced aluminum (TFRA) components, greatly improving their comprehensive mechanical properties.

[0004] Chinese patent CN106319400A discloses a high-damping nickel-titanium wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof. The reinforcing phase of the aluminum-based composite material is a nickel-titanium alloy wire that is hot-rolled after casting. The nickel-titanium wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material prepared by this method has excellent damping performance and mechanical properties.

[0005] However, due to the large difference in physical and chemical properties between aluminum and titanium, brittle intermetallic compounds such as Ti3Al, TiAl, TiAl3, and Ti2Al5 will be formed at the phase boundary during directed energy deposition or casting. The formation of these intermetallic compounds will reduce the interfacial properties of titanium alloy wire reinforced aluminum matrix composites. At the same time, aluminum alloys are often prone to wear failure due to their relatively low hardness and poor wear resistance. This characteristic makes titanium alloy wire reinforced aluminum matrix composites prone to surface wear, abrasive spalling and scratches during use, especially when in contact with other materials with higher hardness or subjected to friction, thus limiting their application. Summary of the invention

[0006] One object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a B4C particle / TC4 wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material, which solves the problem that brittle intermetallic compounds exist at the phase boundaries of aluminum-based composite materials prepared by existing methods, thereby limiting their application.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide a B4C particle / TC4 wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material.

[0008] The first technical solution adopted by the present invention is a method for preparing a B4C particle / TC4 wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material, comprising the following steps:

[0009] Step 1, pre-treat the TC4 wire to remove surface oil and oxide film, then perform surface roughening treatment, and put it into a sealed bag for later use;

[0010] Step 2, mixing carbon powder and B4C particles in a mass ratio of 1:0.5-1.5 to obtain a mixed powder;

[0011] Step 3, using aluminum alloy welding wire, pretreated TC4 wire and mixed powder as raw materials, and adopting arc additive manufacturing technology to prepare aluminum-based composite materials on the aluminum alloy substrate, the aluminum alloy welding wire is installed in a wire feeder, melted into a molten state by a welding gun and sprayed on the aluminum alloy substrate, and a wire feeding auxiliary device and a powder feeding auxiliary device are installed on the mechanical arm at the end of the welding gun, which move synchronously with the welding gun, the TC4 wire is installed in the wire feeding auxiliary device, and the mixed powder is installed in the powder feeding auxiliary device. In the arc additive manufacturing process, powder and wire are synchronously fed to the center of the molten pool to obtain the aluminum-based composite material;

[0012] Step 4, performing annealing heat treatment at 500-600° C. on the aluminum-based composite material prepared in step 3, so as to obtain a B4C particle / TC4 wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material.

[0013] The specific process of step 1 is as follows:

[0014] Step 1.1, put the TC4 wire with a diameter of 0.2 mm to 1 mm into 250 ml / L 10% NaOH solution for 10 min to 30 min to remove the surface oil, and then rinse with running water;

[0015] Step 1.2, the TC4 wire after being rinsed with running water is placed in a 250 ml / L hydrochloric acid solution for 10 min to 30 min to remove the surface oxide film, and then rinsed with running water;

[0016] Step 1.3, use white corundum sandpaper with a mesh size of less than 600 to polish the surface of the TC4 wire for surface roughening treatment, then place it in a beaker containing anhydrous ethanol, clean it with an ultrasonic vibrator for 10 minutes to 15 minutes, and finally dry it and put it in a sealed bag for later use.

[0017] Step 2:

[0018] Step 2.1, select carbon powder and B4C particles with a particle size of 0.5 μm to 10 μm, put the carbon powder and B4C particles into a mixer at a mass ratio of 1:0.5 to 1.5, and mix them at a speed of 30 to 80 r / min for 1 h to 2 h;

[0019] Step 2.2, pour the powder in the mixer into a ball mill with a material-to-ball ratio of 1:60-80 and a ball diameter of 3mm-10mm. First, ball mill at a speed of 100-200rpm for 2h-8h, then increase the ball mill speed to 250-350rpm, ball mill for 2h-5h, then reduce the ball mill speed to 100-200rpm, and ball mill for 2h-8h to obtain a mixed powder of carbon powder and B4C particle reinforcement phase.

[0020] In step 3, the aluminum-based composite material is prepared on the aluminum alloy substrate by arc additive manufacturing technology. The wire feeding speed of the wire feeder is 600 mm / min, the movement speed of the welding gun is 100 mm / min, the current is 60-100 A, and the pure argon shielding gas flow rate is 15 L / min.

[0021] In step 3, the wire feeding speed of the wire feeding auxiliary device is 100 mm / min, and the powder feeding speed of the powder feeding auxiliary device is 3-15 g / min.

[0022] In step 4, the annealing heat treatment time is 10h to 15h.

[0023] The aluminum alloy welding wire is a 4 series aluminum alloy welding wire or a 5 series aluminum alloy welding wire.

[0024] The second technical solution adopted by the present invention is to prepare a B4C particle / TC4 wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material using the above-mentioned preparation method, comprising an aluminum matrix, a TC4 wire reinforcement and a dual-gradient wear-resistant composite material, wherein the dual-gradient wear-resistant composite material is located between the aluminum matrix and the TC4 wire reinforcement, and has a diffusion radius of 140 μm to 200 μm.

[0025] The double gradient wear-resistant composite material consists of a TiC phase and a TiB2 phase, the diffusion radius of the TiC phase is 100 μm to 150 μm, and the diffusion radius of the TiB2 phase is 140 μm to 200 μm.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0027] (1) Aluminum alloy welding wire, TC4 wire and mixed powder were used as raw materials to prepare aluminum-based composite materials on an aluminum alloy substrate using arc additive manufacturing technology. The mixed powder was composed of carbon powder and B4C particles. B4C particles were added to form an "Al-Ti-B4C system". In this system, B4 CIt reacts with Ti and the brittle intermetallic compound TiAl3 produced during the additive manufacturing process to form TiC and TiB2, forming a dual-gradient wear-resistant composite material located between the metal wire and the aluminum matrix; TiC is a ceramic material with extremely high hardness, which can significantly enhance the hardness and wear resistance of the alloy, while TiB2 has excellent wear resistance and high-temperature stability, which can effectively improve the performance of the alloy. The ceramic phases of TiC and TiB2 generated by this reaction will play an important role in the alloy, improving the wear resistance and high-temperature stability of the alloy, thereby making the alloy have better performance;

[0028] (2) Add carbon particles to the mixed powder and perform annealing heat treatment at 500-600°C. During the annealing heat treatment, the carbon reacts with the Ti in the TC4 wire and the unreacted brittle intermetallic compound TiAl3 in the "Al-Ti-B4C system" to generate TiC, forming a gradient wear-resistant carbide composite material located between the metal wire and the aluminum matrix.

[0029] (3) Arc additive manufacturing technology can be used to embed titanium alloy wire and B4C particles into aluminum-based composites at the same time, significantly improving their strength, ductility and wear resistance. The flexural strength is 708-815 MPa, which is 14%-32% higher than the flexural strength of the aluminum matrix (619 MPa). The impact energy is 33-54 J, which is 95%-170% higher than the impact energy of the aluminum matrix (14 J). The friction coefficient is reduced from 0.45 to 0.34-0.24, a decrease of 24.4%-46.7%, greatly improving the applicability of aluminum-based composites. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the arc additive manufacturing process in the preparation method of the B4C particle / TC4 wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the position structure of the TC4 wire reinforcement and the double gradient wear-resistant composite material in the present invention.

[0032] In the figure, 1. welding gun, 2. wire feeding auxiliary device, 3. powder feeding auxiliary device, 4. TC4 wire reinforcement, 5. double gradient wear-resistant composite material, 6. TiC phase, 7. TiB2 phase. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] A method for preparing a B4C particle / TC4 wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps:

[0036] Step 1: TC4 wire pretreatment. The specific process is as follows:

[0037] Step 1.1, put the TC4 wire with a diameter of 0.2 mm into 250 ml / L 10% NaOH solution for 10 min to remove the surface oil, and then rinse with running water;

[0038] Step 1.2, the TC4 wire after being rinsed with running water is placed in a 250 ml / L hydrochloric acid solution for 10 min to remove the surface oxide film, and then rinsed with running water;

[0039] Step 1.3, use white corundum sandpaper with a mesh size of less than 600 to polish the surface of the TC4 wire for surface roughening treatment, then place it in a beaker containing anhydrous ethanol, clean it with an ultrasonic vibrator for 10 minutes, and finally dry it and put it in a sealed bag for later use.

[0040] Step 2, preparing mixed powder, the specific process is as follows:

[0041] Step 2.1, select carbon powder and B4C particles with a particle size of 0.5 μm, put the carbon powder and B4C particles into a mixer at a mass ratio of 1:0.5, and mix them at a speed of 30 r / min for 2 hours;

[0042] Step 2.2, pour the powder in the mixer into a ball mill with a material-to-ball ratio of 1:60 and a ball diameter of 3 mm. First, ball mill for 8 hours at 100 rpm, then increase the ball mill speed to 250 rpm and ball mill for 5 hours, then reduce the ball mill speed to 100 rpm, and after ball milling for 8 hours, obtain a mixed powder of carbon powder and B4C particle reinforcement phase.

[0043] Step 3, see Figure 1 , aluminum alloy welding wire ER5356, pretreated TC4 wire and mixed powder were used as raw materials, and the aluminum-based composite material was prepared on the aluminum alloy substrate by arc additive manufacturing technology in an argon protective atmosphere. ER5356 was installed in a wire feeder, melted into a molten state by a welding gun and sprayed on the aluminum alloy substrate. The wire feeding speed of the wire feeder was 600 mm / min. The mechanical arm at the end of the welding gun 1 was equipped with a wire feeding auxiliary device 2 and a powder feeding auxiliary device 3, which moved synchronously with the welding gun. The movement speed of the welding gun 1 was 100mm / min, current is 60A, pure argon shielding gas flow rate is 15L / min, TC4 wire is installed in wire feeding auxiliary device 2, mixed powder is installed in powder feeding auxiliary device 3, wire feeding speed of wire feeding auxiliary device 2 is 100mm / min, TC4 wire is melted from the tail by welding gun once after each layer is fed, powder feeding speed of powder feeding auxiliary device 3 is 3g / min, in the process of arc additive manufacturing, powder and wire are fed synchronously to the center of molten pool to obtain aluminum-based composite material;

[0044] Step 4, performing annealing heat treatment at 500° C. on the aluminum-based composite material prepared in step 3 for 10 hours, thereby obtaining a B4C particle / TC4 wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material.

[0045] The microstructure of the prepared B4C particle / TC4 wire reinforced aluminum matrix composite material was observed, and the internal structure diagram is shown in Figure 2 As shown, it includes an aluminum matrix, a TC4 wire reinforcement 4 and a dual gradient wear-resistant composite material 5. The dual gradient wear-resistant composite material is located between the aluminum matrix and the TC4 wire reinforcement, and the diffusion radius is 140μm. The dual gradient wear-resistant composite material 5 is composed of TiC phase 6 and TiB2 phase 7. The diffusion radius of the TiC phase 6 is 100μm, and the diffusion radius of the TiB2 phase 7 is 140μm.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] A method for preparing a B4C particle / TC4 wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps:

[0048] Step 1: TC4 wire pretreatment. The specific process is as follows:

[0049] Step 1.1, put the TC4 wire with a diameter of 0.4 mm into 250 ml / L 10% NaOH solution for 15 min to remove the surface oil, and then rinse with running water;

[0050] Step 1.2, the TC4 wire after being rinsed with running water is placed in a 250 ml / L hydrochloric acid solution for 15 min to remove the surface oxide film, and then rinsed with running water;

[0051] Step 1.3, use white corundum sandpaper with a mesh size of less than 600 to polish the surface of the TC4 wire for surface roughening treatment, then place it in a beaker containing anhydrous ethanol, clean it with an ultrasonic vibrator for 12 minutes, and finally dry it and put it in a sealed bag for later use.

[0052] Step 2, preparing mixed powder, the specific process is as follows:

[0053] Step 2.1, select carbon powder and B4C particles with a particle size of 2 μm, put the carbon powder and B4C particles into a mixer at a mass ratio of 1:0.8, and mix them at a speed of 40 r / min for 1.8 hours;

[0054] Step 2.2, pour the powder in the mixer into a ball mill with a material-to-ball ratio of 1:70 and a ball diameter of 5 mm. First, ball mill at 120 rpm for 6 hours, then increase the ball mill speed to 280 rpm and ball mill for 4 hours, then reduce the ball mill speed to 120 rpm, and after ball milling for 6 hours, obtain a mixed powder of carbon powder and B4C particle reinforcement phase.

[0055] Step 3, using aluminum alloy welding wire ER5183, pretreated TC4 wire and mixed powder as raw materials, arc additive manufacturing technology is used to prepare aluminum-based composite materials on the aluminum alloy substrate in an argon protective atmosphere. The aluminum alloy welding wire ER5183 is installed in a wire feeder, melted into a molten state by a welding gun and sprayed on the aluminum alloy substrate. The wire feeding speed of the wire feeder is 600 mm / min. The mechanical arm at the end of the welding gun 1 is equipped with a wire feeding auxiliary device 2 and a powder feeding auxiliary device 3, which move synchronously with the welding gun. The movement of the welding gun 1 The moving speed is 100 mm / min, the current is 70 A, the pure argon shielding gas flow rate is 15 L / min, the TC4 wire is installed in the wire feeding auxiliary device 2, and the mixed powder is installed in the powder feeding auxiliary device 3. The wire feeding speed of the wire feeding auxiliary device 2 is 100 mm / min. After each layer of the TC4 wire is fed, it is melted from the tail by the welding gun. The powder feeding speed of the powder feeding auxiliary device 3 is 5 g / min. In the arc additive manufacturing process, the powder and wire are fed synchronously to the center of the molten pool to obtain an aluminum-based composite material.

[0056] Step 4, performing annealing heat treatment at 520° C. on the aluminum-based composite material prepared in step 3 for 11 hours, thereby obtaining a B4C particle / TC4 wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material.

[0057] The microstructure of the prepared B4C particle / TC4 wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material was observed, including aluminum matrix, TC4 wire reinforcement and double gradient wear-resistant composite material. The double gradient wear-resistant composite material is located between the aluminum matrix and the TC4 wire reinforcement, with a diffusion radius of 150μm. The double gradient wear-resistant composite material is composed of TiC phase and TiB2 phase. The diffusion radius of the TiC phase is 110μm, and the diffusion radius of the TiB2 phase is 150μm.

[0058] Example 3

[0059] A method for preparing a B4C particle / TC4 wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps:

[0060] Step 1: TC4 wire pretreatment. The specific process is as follows:

[0061] Step 1.1, put the TC4 wire with a diameter of 0.6 mm into 250 ml / L 10% NaOH solution for 20 min to remove the surface oil, and then rinse with running water;

[0062] Step 1.2, the TC4 wire after being rinsed with running water is placed in a 250 ml / L hydrochloric acid solution for 20 min to remove the surface oxide film, and then rinsed with running water;

[0063] Step 1.3, use white corundum sandpaper with a mesh size of less than 600 to polish the surface of the TC4 wire for surface roughening treatment, then place it in a beaker containing anhydrous ethanol, clean it with an ultrasonic vibrator for 13 minutes, and finally dry it and put it in a sealed bag for later use.

[0064] Step 2, preparing mixed powder, the specific process is as follows:

[0065] Step 2.1, select carbon powder and B4C particles with a particle size of 4 μm, put the carbon powder and B4C particles into a mixer at a mass ratio of 1:1, and mix them at a speed of 50 r / min for 1.5 hours;

[0066] Step 2.2, pour the powder in the mixer into a ball mill with a material-to-ball ratio of 1:80 and a ball diameter of 6 mm. First, ball mill at 150 rpm for 6 hours, then increase the ball mill speed to 300 rpm and ball mill for 4 hours, then reduce the ball mill speed to 150 rpm, and after ball milling for 6 hours, obtain a mixed powder of carbon powder and B4C particle reinforcement phase.

[0067] Step 3, using aluminum alloy welding wire ER5356, pretreated TC4 wire and mixed powder as raw materials, using arc additive manufacturing technology to prepare aluminum-based composite materials on an aluminum alloy substrate in an argon protective atmosphere, the aluminum alloy welding wire ER5356 is installed in a wire feeder, melted into a molten state by a welding gun and sprayed on the aluminum alloy substrate, the wire feeding speed of the wire feeder is 600 mm / min, and a wire feeding auxiliary device 2 and a powder feeding auxiliary device 3 are installed on the mechanical arm at the end of the welding gun 1, which move synchronously with the welding gun. The movement speed of the welding gun 1 is 100 mm / min, the current is 80A, and the pure argon protective gas flow rate is 15 L / min. The TC4 wire is installed in the wire feeding auxiliary device 2, and the mixed powder is installed in the powder feeding auxiliary device 3. The wire feeding speed of the wire feeding auxiliary device 2 is 100 mm / min, and the powder feeding speed of the powder feeding auxiliary device 3 is 7 g / min. In the arc additive manufacturing process, powder and wire are synchronously fed to the center of the molten pool to obtain an aluminum-based composite material;

[0068] Step 4, performing annealing heat treatment at 540° C. on the aluminum-based composite material prepared in step 3 for 12 hours, thereby obtaining a B4C particle / TC4 wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material.

[0069] The microstructure of the prepared B4C particle / TC4 wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material was observed, including aluminum matrix, TC4 wire reinforcement and double gradient wear-resistant composite material. The double gradient wear-resistant composite material is located between the aluminum matrix and the TC4 wire reinforcement, with a diffusion radius of 170μm. The double gradient wear-resistant composite material is composed of TiC phase and TiB2 phase. The diffusion radius of the TiC phase is 130μm, and the diffusion radius of the TiB2 phase is 170μm.

[0070] Example 4

[0071] A method for preparing a B4C particle / TC4 wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps:

[0072] Step 1: TC4 wire pretreatment. The specific process is as follows:

[0073] Step 1.1, put the TC4 wire with a diameter of 0.8 mm into 250 ml / L 10% NaOH solution for 25 min to remove the surface oil, and then rinse with running water;

[0074] Step 1.2, the TC4 wire after being rinsed with running water is placed in a 250 ml / L hydrochloric acid solution for 25 min to remove the surface oxide film, and then rinsed with running water;

[0075] Step 1.3, use white corundum sandpaper with a mesh size of less than 600 to polish the surface of the TC4 wire for surface roughening treatment, then place it in a beaker containing anhydrous ethanol, clean it with an ultrasonic vibrator for 15 minutes, and finally dry it and put it in a sealed bag for later use.

[0076] Step 2, preparing mixed powder, the specific process is as follows:

[0077] Step 2.1, select carbon powder and B4C particles with a particle size of 6 μm, put the carbon powder and B4C particles into a mixer at a mass ratio of 1:1.2, and mix them at a speed of 60 r / min for 1.2 hours;

[0078] Step 2.2, pour the powder in the mixer into a ball mill with a material-to-ball ratio of 1:80 and a ball diameter of 8 mm. First, ball mill at 180 rpm for 4 hours, then increase the ball mill speed to 330 rpm and ball mill for 3 hours, then reduce the ball mill speed to 180 rpm, and after ball milling for 4 hours, obtain a mixed powder of carbon powder and B4C particle reinforcement phase.

[0079] Step 3, using aluminum alloy welding wire ER4043, pretreated TC4 wire and mixed powder as raw materials, using arc additive manufacturing technology to prepare aluminum-based composite materials on an aluminum alloy substrate in an argon protective atmosphere, the aluminum alloy welding wire ER4043 is installed in a wire feeder, melted into a molten state by a welding gun and sprayed on the aluminum alloy substrate, the wire feeding speed of the wire feeder is 600 mm / min, and a wire feeding auxiliary device 2 and a powder feeding auxiliary device 3 are installed on the mechanical arm at the end of the welding gun 1, which move synchronously with the welding gun. The movement speed of the welding gun 1 is 100 mm / min, the current is 90A, and the pure argon protective gas flow rate is 15 L / min. The TC4 wire is installed in the wire feeding auxiliary device 2, and the mixed powder is installed in the powder feeding auxiliary device 3. The wire feeding speed of the wire feeding auxiliary device 2 is 100 mm / min, and the powder feeding speed of the powder feeding auxiliary device 3 is 9 g / min. In the arc additive manufacturing process, powder and wire are synchronously fed to the center of the molten pool to obtain an aluminum-based composite material;

[0080] Step 4, performing annealing heat treatment at 560° C. on the aluminum-based composite material prepared in step 3 for 13 hours, thereby obtaining a B4C particle / TC4 wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material.

[0081] The microstructure of the prepared B4C particle / TC4 wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material was observed, including aluminum matrix, TC4 wire reinforcement and double gradient wear-resistant composite material. The double gradient wear-resistant composite material is located between the aluminum matrix and the TC4 wire reinforcement, with a diffusion radius of 180μm. The double gradient wear-resistant composite material is composed of TiC phase and TiB2 phase. The diffusion radius of the TiC phase is 140μm, and the diffusion radius of the TiB2 phase is 180μm.

[0082] Example 5

[0083] A method for preparing a B4C particle / TC4 wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps:

[0084] Step 1, TC4 wire pretreatment, the specific process is as follows:

[0085] Step 1.1, put the TC4 wire with a diameter of 1 mm into 250 ml / L 10% NaOH solution for 30 min to remove the surface oil, and then rinse with running water;

[0086] Step 1.2, the TC4 wire after being rinsed with running water is placed in a 250 ml / L hydrochloric acid solution for 30 min to remove the surface oxide film, and then rinsed with running water;

[0087] Step 1.3, use white corundum sandpaper with a mesh size of less than 600 to polish the surface of the TC4 wire for surface roughening treatment, then place it in a beaker containing anhydrous ethanol, clean it with an ultrasonic vibrator for 15 minutes, and finally dry it and put it in a sealed bag for later use.

[0088] Step 2, preparing mixed powder, the specific process is as follows:

[0089] Step 2.1, select carbon powder and B4C particles with a particle size of 10 μm, put the carbon powder and B4C particles into a mixer at a mass ratio of 1:1.5, and mix them at a speed of 80 r / min for 1 hour;

[0090] Step 2.2, pour the powder in the mixer into a ball mill with a material-to-ball ratio of 1:80 and a ball diameter of 10 mm. First, ball mill at 200 rpm for 2 h, then increase the ball mill speed to 350 rpm and ball mill for 2 h, then reduce the ball mill speed to 200 rpm, and after ball milling for 2 h, obtain a mixed powder of carbon powder and B4C particle reinforcement phase.

[0091] Step 3, using aluminum alloy welding wire ER5356, TC4 wire and mixed powder as raw materials, using arc additive manufacturing technology to prepare aluminum-based composite materials on an aluminum alloy substrate in an argon protective atmosphere, the aluminum alloy welding wire ER5356 is installed in a wire feeder, melted into a molten state by a welding gun and sprayed on the aluminum alloy substrate, the wire feeding speed of the wire feeder is 600 mm / min, and a wire feeding auxiliary device 2 and a powder feeding auxiliary device 3 are installed on the mechanical arm at the end of the welding gun 1, which move synchronously with the welding gun. The movement speed of the welding gun 1 is 100 mm / min, the current is 100A, and the pure argon protective gas flow rate is 15 L / min. The TC4 wire is installed in the wire feeding auxiliary device 2, and the mixed powder is installed in the powder feeding auxiliary device 3. The wire feeding speed of the wire feeding auxiliary device 2 is 100 mm / min, and the powder feeding speed of the powder feeding auxiliary device 3 is 15 g / min. In the arc additive manufacturing process, the center of the molten pool is synchronously fed with powder and wire to obtain an aluminum-based composite material;

[0092] Step 4, performing annealing heat treatment at 600° C. on the aluminum-based composite material prepared in step 3 for 15 hours, thereby obtaining a B4C particle / TC4 wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material.

[0093] The microstructure of the prepared B4C particle / TC4 wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material was observed, including aluminum matrix, TC4 wire reinforcement and double gradient wear-resistant composite material. The double gradient wear-resistant composite material is located between the aluminum matrix and the TC4 wire reinforcement, with a diffusion radius of 200μm. The double gradient wear-resistant composite material is composed of TiC phase and TiB2 phase. The diffusion radius of the TiC phase is 150μm, and the diffusion radius of the TiB2 phase is 200μm.

[0094] Comparative Example 1

[0095] A method for preparing a TC4 wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps:

[0096] Step 1: TC4 wire pretreatment. The specific process is as follows:

[0097] Step 1.1, put the TC4 wire with a diameter of 0.2 mm into 250 ml / L 10% NaOH solution for 10 min to remove the surface oil, and then rinse with running water;

[0098] Step 1.2, the TC4 wire after being rinsed with running water is placed in a 250 ml / L hydrochloric acid solution for 10 min to remove the surface oxide film, and then rinsed with running water;

[0099] Step 1.3, use white corundum sandpaper with a mesh size of less than 600 to polish the surface of the TC4 wire for surface roughening treatment, then place it in a beaker containing anhydrous ethanol, clean it with an ultrasonic vibrator for 10 minutes, and finally dry it and put it in a sealed bag for later use.

[0100] Step 2, using aluminum alloy welding wire ER5356, TC4 wire and 0.5μm carbon powder as raw materials, using arc additive manufacturing technology in an argon protective atmosphere to prepare an aluminum-based composite material on an aluminum alloy substrate, the aluminum alloy welding wire ER5356 is installed in a wire feeder, melted into a molten state by a welding gun and sprayed on the aluminum alloy substrate, the wire feeding speed of the wire feeder is 600mm / min, and a wire feeding auxiliary device 2 and a powder feeding auxiliary device 3 are installed on the mechanical arm at the end of the welding gun 1, which move synchronously with the welding gun. The movement speed of the welding gun 1 is 100mm / min, the current is 60A, and the pure argon protective gas flow rate is 15L / min. The TC4 wire is installed in the wire feeding auxiliary device 2, and the carbon powder is installed in the powder feeding auxiliary device 3. The wire feeding speed of the wire feeding auxiliary device 2 is 100mm / min, and the powder feeding speed of the powder feeding auxiliary device 3 is 3g / min. In the arc additive manufacturing process, the center of the molten pool is synchronously fed with powder and wire to obtain an aluminum-based composite material;

[0101] Step 3, performing annealing heat treatment at 500° C. on the aluminum-based composite material prepared in step 2 for 10 hours, thereby obtaining a TC4 wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material.

[0102] Comparative Example 2

[0103] A method for preparing a B4C particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps:

[0104] Step 1, preparing mixed powder, the specific process is as follows:

[0105] Step 1.1, select carbon powder and B4C particles with a particle size of 0.5 μm, put the carbon powder and B4C particles into a mixer at a mass ratio of 1:0.5, and mix them at a speed of 30 r / min for 2 hours;

[0106] Step 1.2, pour the powder in the mixer into a ball mill with a material-to-ball ratio of 1:60 and a ball diameter of 3 mm. First, ball mill for 8 hours at 100 rpm, then increase the ball mill speed to 250 rpm and ball mill for 5 hours, then reduce the ball mill speed to 100 rpm, and after ball milling for 8 hours, obtain a mixed powder of carbon powder and B4C particle reinforcement phase.

[0107] Step 2, using aluminum alloy welding wire ER5356 and mixed powder as raw materials, using arc additive manufacturing technology in an argon protective atmosphere to prepare an aluminum-based composite material on an aluminum alloy substrate, the aluminum alloy welding wire ER5356 is installed in a wire feeder, melted into a molten state by a welding gun and sprayed on the aluminum alloy substrate, the wire feeding speed of the wire feeder is 600 mm / min, and a powder feeding auxiliary device is installed on the mechanical arm at the end of the welding gun 1, which moves synchronously with the welding gun. The movement speed of the welding gun 1 is 100 mm / min, the current is 60A, and the pure argon protective gas flow rate is 15 L / min. The mixed powder is installed in the powder feeding auxiliary device, and the powder feeding speed of the powder feeding auxiliary device 3 is 3 g / min. In the arc additive manufacturing process, powder is synchronously fed to the center of the molten pool to obtain an aluminum-based composite material;

[0108] Step 3, performing annealing heat treatment at 500° C. on the aluminum-based composite material prepared in step 2 for 10 hours, thereby obtaining a B4C particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material.

[0109] The mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy welding wire ER5356, the aluminum-based composite materials prepared in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were tested, and the test structure is shown in Table 1:

[0110] Table 1 Mechanical properties of aluminum-based composite materials prepared by ER5356, Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-2

[0111]

[0112] It can be seen from Table 1 that the TC4 wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material improves the flexural strength and impact resistance of the material compared to the aluminum matrix, but does not improve its friction performance. Although the B4C particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material improves the wear resistance of the material compared to the aluminum matrix, it reduces the overall flexural strength of the material. The present invention uses a B4C particle / TC4 wire hybrid reinforced aluminum-based composite material to greatly improve not only the flexural strength and impact resistance of the material, but also the wear resistance of the material.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a B4C particle / TC4 wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, pre-treat the TC4 wire to remove surface oil and oxide film, then perform surface roughening treatment, and put it into a sealed bag for later use; Step 2, mixing carbon powder and B4C particles in a mass ratio of 1:0.5-1.5 to obtain a mixed powder; Step 3, using aluminum alloy welding wire, TC4 wire and mixed powder as raw materials, and adopting arc additive manufacturing technology to prepare an aluminum-based composite material on an aluminum alloy substrate, the aluminum alloy welding wire is installed in a wire feeder, melted into a molten state by a welding gun and sprayed on the aluminum alloy substrate, a wire feeding auxiliary device (2) and a powder feeding auxiliary device (3) are installed on the mechanical arm at the end of the welding gun (1), and move synchronously with the welding gun, the TC4 wire is installed in the wire feeding auxiliary device (2), and the mixed powder is installed in the powder feeding auxiliary device (3), and during the arc additive manufacturing process, powder and wire are synchronously fed to the center of the molten pool to obtain the aluminum-based composite material; Step 4, performing annealing heat treatment at 500-600° C. on the aluminum-based composite material prepared in step 3, so as to obtain a B4C particle / TC4 wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material.

2. The method for preparing the B4C particle / TC4 wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of step 1 is as follows: Step 1.1, put the TC4 wire with a diameter of 0.2 mm to 1 mm into 250 ml / L 10% NaOH solution for 10 min to 30 min to remove the surface oil, and then rinse with running water; Step 1.2, the TC4 wire after being rinsed with running water is placed in a 250 ml / L hydrochloric acid solution for 10 min to 30 min to remove the surface oxide film, and then rinsed with running water; Step 1.3, use white corundum sandpaper with a mesh size of less than 600 to polish the surface of the TC4 wire for surface roughening treatment, then place it in a beaker containing anhydrous ethanol, clean it with an ultrasonic vibrator for 10 minutes to 15 minutes, and finally dry it and put it in a sealed bag for later use.

3. The method for preparing the B4C particle / TC4 wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of step 2 is as follows: Step 2.1, select carbon powder and B4C particles with a particle size of 0.5 μm to 10 μm, put the carbon powder and B4C particles into a mixer at a mass ratio of 1:0.5 to 1.5, and mix them at a speed of 30 to 80 r / min for 1 h to 2 h; Step 2.2, pour the powder in the mixer into a ball mill with a material-to-ball ratio of 1:60-80 and a ball diameter of 3mm-10mm. First, ball mill at a speed of 100-200rpm for 2h-8h, then increase the ball mill speed to 250-350rpm, ball mill for 2h-5h, then reduce the ball mill speed to 100-200rpm, and ball mill for 2h-8h to obtain a mixed powder of carbon powder and B4C particle reinforcement phase.

4. The method for preparing the B4C particle / TC4 wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 3, an aluminum-based composite material is prepared on an aluminum alloy substrate using arc additive manufacturing technology, the wire feeding speed of the wire feeder is 600 mm / min, the movement speed of the welding gun (1) is 100 mm / min, the current is 60-100 A, and the pure argon shielding gas flow rate is 15 L / min.

5. The method for preparing the B4C particle / TC4 wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step 3, the wire feeding speed of the wire feeding auxiliary device (2) is 100 mm / min, and the powder feeding speed of the powder feeding auxiliary device (3) is 3 to 15 g / min.

6. The method for preparing the B4C particle / TC4 wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 4, the annealing heat treatment time is 10 hours to 15 hours.

7. The method for preparing the B4C particle / TC4 wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aluminum alloy welding wire is a 4 series aluminum alloy welding wire or a 5 series aluminum alloy welding wire.

8. A B4C particle / TC4 wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The invention comprises an aluminum matrix, a TC4 wire reinforcement (4) and a double-gradient wear-resistant composite material (5); the double-gradient wear-resistant composite material (5) is located between the aluminum matrix and the TC4 wire reinforcement (4) and has a diffusion radius of 140 μm to 200 μm.

9. The B4C particle / TC4 wire reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 8, characterized in that: The dual gradient wear-resistant composite material (5) consists of a TiC phase (6) and a TiB2 phase (7), the diffusion radius of the TiC phase (6) is 100 μm to 150 μm, and the diffusion radius of the TiB2 phase (7) is 140 μm to 200 μm.

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