Bird droppings simulation liquid and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of power transmission line maintenance, and particularly discloses bird droppings simulation liquid and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, separating yolk and egg white of egg liquid; s2, distilled water, part of the egg white, chitosan, edible oil and first sodium chloride are mixed, then separation and microjet homogenization are conducted in sequence, and chitosan treatment liquid is obtained; s3, mixing the chitosan treating fluid with polyhydric alcohols, second sodium chloride, the yolk obtained in the step S1 and the remaining egg white, and then performing high-pressure homogenization to obtain a polyhydric alcohol treating fluid; and S3, mixing the polyol treating fluid with distilled water and polyvinyl alcohol glue. According to the preparation method provided by the invention, the components and proportions thereof are matched, and a specific preparation process is adopted, so that the prepared bird droppings simulation liquid has similar components and characteristics to real bird droppings, the dynamic viscosity and conductivity of the bird droppings simulation liquid meet experimental requirements, and the bird droppings simulation liquid is stable in property and not easy to deteriorate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of power transmission line maintenance, and in particular to a bird droppings simulation liquid and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the improvement of the ecological environment and the enhancement of people's awareness of bird protection, the number of birds has continued to increase, the range of activities has been expanding, and the prevalence and harmfulness of bird-related accidents have become increasingly prominent. Line faults caused by them have become one of the main causes of power system tripping accidents, seriously threatening the safe operation of the power system. Among them, birds may defecate during a series of activities such as nesting, laying eggs, and resting on transmission towers. In the power industry, the flashover problem of bird droppings on transmission lines has always been a concern, especially in high-altitude and cold regions. The ecological environment in high-altitude and cold regions is good, and bird activities are frequent. It is very easy for bird droppings to appear on insulators, causing line faults.

[0003] At present, in order to study the effect of bird droppings on flashover, the research at home and abroad often uses the preparation of bird droppings simulation liquid. The invention of bird droppings simulation liquid provides an effective experimental tool that can simulate the bird droppings flashover process under laboratory conditions, observe and analyze key data such as the changes in electrical parameters before and after flashover, flashover time, and flashover voltage. These data are of great significance for revealing the mechanism of bird droppings flashover and formulating effective bird damage prevention measures. Summary of the invention

[0004] The conventional guano simulation liquid used in flashover experimental research is mostly prepared by mixing thickener with egg liquid, which can better simulate the characteristics and viscosity of guano. For example, CN10546747 provides a method for preparing guano simulation liquid, which is a mixture of egg liquid, distilled water, sodium chloride and diatomaceous earth. The inventor found in practical applications that although the simulation liquid is easy to prepare, the shelf life of guano simulation liquid at 25 degrees Celsius is short and the conductivity and viscosity are easy to change. In order to ensure the accuracy of the experiment, it is often necessary to prepare it now, which prolongs the experimental preparation time and increases the cost. In order to solve the above problems, the inventor of the present invention has repeatedly experimented and found that the guano simulation liquid doped with polyols and chitosan in egg liquid and prepared using a specific process can prolong the shelf life, while maintaining the characteristics of the guano simulation liquid, thus obtaining the present invention.

[0005] A first aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a bird droppings simulated liquid, the method comprising the following steps: S1: Separate the egg yolk and egg white; S2: mixing distilled water, part of the egg white, chitosan, edible oil and the first sodium chloride, and then performing separation and microfluidization homogenization in sequence to obtain a chitosan treatment solution; S3: mixing the chitosan treatment liquid with a polyol, a second sodium chloride, the egg yolk obtained in step S1, and the remaining egg white, and then performing high pressure homogenization to obtain a polyol treatment liquid; S3: mixing the polyol treatment liquid with distilled water and polyvinyl alcohol glue; Wherein, the polyol is at least one of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol.

[0006] The second aspect of the present invention provides a bird droppings simulated liquid prepared by the method described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0007] A third aspect of the present invention provides a simulation test method for guano flashover accidents on power transmission lines, characterized in that the method comprises contacting a guano simulation liquid with the power transmission line; Wherein, the bird droppings simulated liquid is the bird droppings simulated liquid described in the second aspect of the present invention.

[0008] The technical solution provided by the present invention has at least the following technical effects: (1) The preparation method provided by the present invention, through the combination of various components and their proportions and a specific preparation process, can produce a guano simulation liquid that is similar in composition and properties to real guano, and its dynamic viscosity and conductivity meet the experimental requirements, and the properties are stable and not easy to deteriorate; preferably, the properties change very little after being stored at a temperature of at least 30 degrees Celsius for at least 30 days, and the finished product can be mass-produced, which can save experimental time and cost.

[0009] (2) The preparation method of the present invention is simple and easy to operate, does not require complicated equipment and processes, and only requires mixing the components in a certain proportion and stirring them evenly. It has wide feasibility and convenience in practical applications. At the same time, the simulated liquid has broad application prospects in power systems, external insulation design of transmission lines, and implementation of bird damage prevention measures. By using this simulated liquid, the performance of transmission lines in resisting bird droppings pollution can be more accurately evaluated, providing a strong guarantee for the safe and stable operation of the power system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0010] The endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed in this article are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of each range, the endpoint values ​​of each range and the individual point values, and the individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed in this article.

[0011] A first aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a bird droppings simulated liquid, the method comprising the following steps: S1: Separate the egg yolk and egg white; S2: mixing distilled water, part of the egg white, chitosan, edible oil and the first sodium chloride, and then performing separation and microfluidization homogenization in sequence to obtain a chitosan treatment solution; S3: mixing the chitosan treatment liquid with a polyol, a second sodium chloride, the egg yolk obtained in step S1, and the remaining egg white, and then performing high pressure homogenization to obtain a polyol treatment liquid; S3: mixing the polyol treatment liquid with distilled water and polyvinyl alcohol glue; Wherein, the polyol is at least one of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol.

[0012] The inventors of the present invention have found through a large number of experimental studies that the above preparation method can obtain a bird droppings simulation liquid with stable properties and a long shelf life, which can save experimental time and experimental costs; moreover, when the polyol is selected from ethylene glycol and / or propylene glycol, the viscosity and conductivity of the obtained bird droppings simulation liquid are close to those of real bird droppings, and it is not easy to deteriorate when stored above 25°C.

[0013] In the present invention, the method for separating egg yolk and egg white is a conventional method in the art, which can achieve separation of more than 80% volume of egg yolk from egg white.

[0014] The purity of the sodium chloride and polyol used in the present invention is above 98%.

[0015] Preferably, the polyol is glycerol. The inventors of the present invention have found that the viscosity and conductivity of the bird droppings simulation liquid obtained by using glycerol and performing high-pressure homogenization are closer to real bird droppings, and it is more resistant to high temperatures above 25 degrees Celsius.

[0016] Preferably, in step S1, the egg liquid is provided by at least one of chicken eggs, goose eggs and duck eggs, more preferably provided by chicken eggs.

[0017] Preferably, in step S2, the edible oil is selected from at least one of corn oil, sesame oil, soybean oil and peanut oil. Taking into account the viscosity and conductivity of the guano simulated liquid, the stability at high temperature and the preparation cost, corn oil is preferably selected.

[0018] Preferably, in step S2, the amount of distilled water used is 5-15 ml, more preferably 8-12 ml, per 1 g of egg white.

[0019] Preferably, in step S2, the weight ratio of the egg white to the chitosan is (1-12): 1; more preferably (1-6): 1, further preferably (2-6): 1, and further preferably (4.5-5.5): 1. In the present invention, the inventors found that after adding chitosan and performing high-pressure homogenization, the temperature adaptability range of the obtained guano simulation liquid is larger, and chitosan can be commercially obtained, for example, from Beijing Zongheng Science Company.

[0020] Preferably, the chitosan is carboxymethyl chitosan, and more preferably, the degree of substitution of the chitosan is 80%-85%.

[0021] Preferably, in step S2, the amount of the edible oil used is 0.5-3 ml, more preferably 1.5-2.5 ml, per 1 g of the egg white.

[0022] Preferably, in step S2, the weight ratio of the egg white to the first sodium chloride is 1:(0.04-0.09), more preferably 1:(0.06-0.08).

[0023] In the present invention, in step S2, the separation is preferably centrifugal separation; more preferably, the conditions of the centrifugal separation are: a rotation speed of 6000-15000 rpm, further preferably 11000-13000 rpm; and a time of 1-5 min.

[0024] In the present invention, in step S2, the conditions for microfluidic homogenization are: pressure of 30-40 MPa, 3-5 cycles. The inventors found in their research that the viscosity and conductivity of the egg liquid treated with microfluidic homogenization can remain stable even at high temperatures.

[0025] In the present invention, in step S3, the weight ratio of the egg white to the second sodium chloride is (600-630):1, preferably (610-615):1.

[0026] Preferably, the volume proportion of the polyol in the mixture of the chitosan treatment liquid and the egg yolk and the remaining egg white obtained in step S1 is 0.01%-0.1%, more preferably 0.04%-0.08%, and further preferably 0.04%-0.06%. Too high or too low a content of the polyol is not conducive to the uniformity and stability of the guano simulated liquid.

[0027] Preferably, the conditions for the high-pressure homogenization are: pressure of 2-10 MPa, more preferably 5-8 MPa; time of 40-60 s.

[0028] In step S4, the dosage range of the distilled water in the present invention is relatively wide, and the volume ratio of the polyol treatment liquid to the distilled water can be 1: (0.5-1.5), preferably 1: (0.8-1.2).

[0029] Preferably, in step S4, the amount of the polyvinyl alcohol glue used is 0.7-1.2 g, preferably 0.9-1.2 g, per milliliter of the mixed solution of the polyol treatment solution and distilled water. The polyvinyl alcohol glue is preferably 108 glue, which can be purchased commercially, for example, from Guangzhou Yijiang Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0030] Preferably, step S4 further comprises adding one or more additives to enhance the simulation effect.

[0031] Preferably, the additives include but are not limited to one or more of pigments, preservatives or fragrances.

[0032] Preferably, the amount of the additive added does not exceed 5% by mass of the total mass of the guano simulated liquid.

[0033] Furthermore, the pigment includes but is not limited to one or more of ochre, gamboge, and cinnabar.

[0034] Furthermore, the preservative includes but is not limited to one or more of urate, ammonium salt, and phosphate.

[0035] Furthermore, the fragrance includes but is not limited to one or more of volatile fatty acids, alcohols, and aldehydes.

[0036] The second aspect of the present invention provides a bird droppings simulated liquid prepared by the method described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0037] Preferably, the dynamic viscosity of the guano simulated liquid is 23-29 mPa / s, more preferably 25-29 mPa / s, and further preferably 27-29 mPa / s.

[0038] Preferably, the conductivity of the guano simulated liquid is 5000-7000 μS / cm, more preferably 6000-7000 μS / cm, further preferably 6100-6500 μS / cm.

[0039] In the present invention, the dynamic viscosity of the simulated liquid is tested using an NDJ-1 rotational viscometer. The conversion relationship between dynamic viscosity and kinematic viscosity is η=ν×ρ, where η is the dynamic viscosity of the sample (mPa·s), ν is the kinematic viscosity of the sample (mm 2 / s).

[0040] A third aspect of the present invention provides a simulation test method for guano flashover accidents on power transmission lines, characterized in that the method comprises contacting a guano simulation liquid with the power transmission line; Wherein, the bird droppings simulated liquid is the bird droppings simulated liquid described in the second aspect of the present invention.

[0041] The simulation test method can be performed using a flashover test device or a simulated overhead power transmission line device conventionally used in the art. Those skilled in the art can select one based on actual needs, which will not be described in detail here.

[0042] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials or chemical reagents used in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention were obtained through conventional commercial channels; the devices, equipment or instruments used were commercially purchased and operated according to the manufacturer's instructions.

[0044] Chitosan was purchased from Beijing Zongheng Science Company, product number (SKU) CC4710.

[0045] 108 glue was purchased from Guangzhou Yijiang Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0046] Example 1 This example is used to illustrate the bird droppings simulated liquid and its preparation method.

[0047] S1, separating the egg liquid to obtain egg yolk and egg white; S2, 10 g of egg white was mixed with 100 ml of distilled water, 2 g of chitosan and 20 mL of corn oil, 0.7 g of sodium chloride was added, the mixture was stirred evenly, and centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 2 min, and then the mixture was subjected to microfluidization homogenization treatment three times in a pressure microfluidizer (35 MPa, 4 cycles) to obtain a chitosan treatment solution; S3, mixing the chitosan treatment solution with the remaining 180g of egg yolk and 310g of egg white, adding 0.05% (v / v) propylene glycol and 0.8g of sodium chloride to mix evenly, and then performing high-pressure homogenization treatment at a condition of 7MPa / 50s to obtain a propylene glycol treatment solution; S4. Mix the propylene glycol treatment solution with an equal volume of distilled water, add 0.1 g of 108 glue per milliliter of the mixture, and stir evenly to obtain the bird droppings simulation solution.

[0048] Embodiment 2-5 The method of Example 1 was used to prepare the product. The difference from Example 1 was that the formula of guano was different. The specific changed materials are shown in Table 1.

[0049] Table 1

[0050] Example 6 The chitosan solution was prepared according to the method of Example 1, except that in step S2, microfluidization homogenization was performed three times in a high-pressure microfluidizer (20 MPa, 4 cycles) to obtain a chitosan treatment solution; and in step S3, the high-pressure homogenization condition was 2 MPa / 50 s.

[0051] Example 7 The mixture was prepared according to the method of Example 1, except that propylene glycol was replaced by ethylene glycol.

[0052] Comparative Example 1 The method of Example 1 was used to prepare the product, except that chitosan was replaced by carrageenan in step S2.

[0053] Comparative Example 2 The method of Example 1 was used to prepare the product, except that propylene glycol was replaced by sorbitol in step S2.

[0054] Comparative Example 3 The method of Example 1 was used to prepare the product, except that propylene glycol was replaced by xylitol in step S2.

[0055] Comparative Example 4 The method of Example 1 is followed, except that a stirrer is used in steps S2 and S3 to stir evenly, and each stirring is performed for 5 minutes.

[0056] Test Case The conductivity of the simulated liquid needs to be close to that of real bird droppings, and the viscosity needs to match that of actual bird droppings to simulate the behavior of bird droppings in an electric field. The bird droppings simulated liquid prepared in the examples and comparative examples was used as a sample to conduct relevant performance tests, and the test methods and test results are as follows: Viscosity and conductivity of simulated liquid: Test the viscosity and conductivity of the freshly prepared guano simulated liquid and the simulated liquid after being stored at 30°C for 30 days; The dynamic viscosity of the simulated liquid was tested using the NDJ-1 rotational viscometer. The conversion relationship between dynamic viscosity and kinematic viscosity is η=ν×ρ, where η is the dynamic viscosity of the sample (mPa·s) and ν is the kinematic viscosity of the sample (mm 2 The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0057] Table 2

[0058] According to the test results in Table 2, it can be seen that the guano simulation liquid provided by the present invention has a long storage time, and the relevant performance meets the experimental requirements after long-term storage, and can be mass-produced for related experimental research on circuit flashover, guano pollution, etc.

[0059] The bird droppings simulated liquids obtained in Comparative Examples 1 and 4 changed color and had a faint odor after being stored for 30 days, indicating that they had deteriorated.

[0060] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that all equivalent changes and improvements made within the scope of the present invention should still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a guano simulated liquid, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1: Separate the egg yolk and egg white; S2: mixing distilled water, part of the egg white, chitosan, edible oil and the first sodium chloride, and then performing separation and microfluidization homogenization in sequence to obtain a chitosan treatment solution; S3: mixing the chitosan treatment liquid with a polyol, a second sodium chloride, the egg yolk obtained in step S1, and the remaining egg white, and then performing high pressure homogenization to obtain a polyol treatment liquid; S4: mixing the polyol treatment liquid with distilled water and polyvinyl alcohol glue; Wherein, the polyol is at least one of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The polyol is glycerol.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: In step S1, the egg liquid is provided by at least one of chicken eggs, goose eggs and duck eggs, preferably chicken eggs.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: In step S2, the edible oil is selected from at least one of corn oil, sesame oil, soybean oil and peanut oil, preferably corn oil; Preferably, in step S2, the amount of distilled water used is 5-15 ml, more preferably 8-12 ml, for every 1 g of egg white; Preferably, in step S2, in step S2, the weight ratio of the egg white to the chitosan is (1-12):1; more preferably (1-6):1, further preferably (2-6):1, and further preferably (4.5-5.5):1; Preferably, in step S2, the amount of the edible oil used is 0.5-3 ml, more preferably 1.5-2.5 ml, per 1 g of the egg white; Preferably, in step S2, the weight ratio of the egg white to the first sodium chloride is 1:(0.04-0.09), more preferably 1:(0.06-0.08).

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein: In step S2, the separation is centrifugal separation; Preferably, in step S2, the centrifugal separation conditions are: a rotation speed of 6000-15000 rpm, more preferably 11000-13000 rpm; and a time of 1-5 min.

6. The method according to claim 4, wherein: In step S2, the microfluidic homogenization conditions are: pressure of 30-40 MPa, and 3-5 cycles.

7. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: In step S3, the weight ratio of the egg white to the second sodium chloride is (600-630):1, preferably (610-615):1; Preferably, the volume proportion of the polyol in the mixture of the chitosan treatment solution, the egg yolk obtained in step S1 and the remaining egg white is 0.01%-0.1%, more preferably 0.04%-0.08%, and further preferably 0.04%-0.06%; Preferably, the conditions for the high-pressure homogenization are: pressure of 2-10 MPa, more preferably 5-8 MPa; time of 40-60 s.

8. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: In step S4, the volume ratio of the polyol treatment liquid to the distilled water is 1:(0.5-1.5), preferably 1:(0.8-1.2); Preferably, in step S4, the amount of the polyvinyl alcohol glue used is 0.7-1.2 g, preferably 0.9-1.2 g, per milliliter of the mixed solution of the polyol treatment solution and distilled water.

9. A bird droppings simulated liquid obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A simulation test method for guano flashover accidents on power transmission lines, characterized in that: The method includes contacting a guano-simulating liquid with a power transmission line; Wherein, the bird droppings simulated liquid is the bird droppings simulated liquid according to claim 9.

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