Demonstration device and demonstration method for relation between elastic force and deformation quantity of spring

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for demonstrating the elasticity of a spring, in particular to a device and a method for demonstrating the relationship between the elasticity of the spring and the deformation quantity. The demonstration device comprises a tensile test board which is provided with tensile scale marks; the plurality of stretching hanging rods are arranged on the stretching test plate side by side and are positioned above the stretching scale marks; the compression test plate and the tensile test plate are oppositely arranged and are provided with compression scale marks; the connecting frame is respectively connected with the tensile test plate and the compression test plate; the compression guide rods are arranged on the connecting frame and located on one side of the compression testing plate, and the compression guide rods and the compression scale marks are oppositely arranged. The device for demonstrating the relationship between the elastic force and the deformation quantity of the spring not only can realize the test of the compression spring, but also can complete the test of the compression spring, can realize various tests, and can intuitively perform the tests, so that the perceptual knowledge is enhanced, and the test result is more accurate and reliable; the experimental device is simple and visual in structure, convenient in data recording and processing, portable, easy to carry and suitable for practical classroom teaching.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for demonstrating spring elastic force, in particular to a device for demonstrating the relationship between spring elastic force and deformation amount and a method for demonstrating the relationship between spring elastic force and deformation amount. Background Art

[0002] Exploring the relationship between spring force and deformation is an important knowledge point in the teaching of high school physics mechanics. The difficulty of teaching is to design experiments to explore the quantitative relationship between spring force and compression. Teaching instruments and self-made teaching aids only have equipment to explore the relationship between spring force and elongation.

[0003] The experimental research equipment provided in the textbook is as follows: Fig. 9 As shown, this experimental device can only explore the relationship between the spring force and the elongation, but not the relationship between the spring force and the compression, so the conclusion of Hooke's law is not rigorous. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a demonstration device for the relationship between spring elastic force and deformation amount, and the specific technical solution is as follows:

[0005] A demonstration device for the relationship between spring elastic force and deformation amount, comprising: a tensile test plate, provided with a tensile scale line; a plurality of tensile hanging rods, arranged side by side on the tensile test plate and located above the tensile scale line; a compression test plate, arranged opposite to the tensile test plate and provided with a compression scale line; a connecting frame, respectively connected to the tensile test plate and the compression test plate; and a plurality of compression guide rods, arranged on the connecting frame and located on one side of the compression test plate, the compression guide rods being arranged opposite to the compression scale line.

[0006] Preferably, the tensile test plate and the compression test plate are both transparent plates.

[0007] Furthermore, the tensile test plate and the compression test plate are arranged in parallel, and the tensile scale lines correspond to the compression scale lines one by one.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes: a background plate, which is movably arranged on one side of the tensile test plate and / or the compression test plate to highlight the tensile scale line and the compression scale line.

[0009] A method for demonstrating the relationship between spring elastic force and deformation, used in the above-mentioned device for demonstrating the relationship between spring elastic force and deformation, is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0010] When demonstrating the elastic force and elongation, one end of the stretch spring is mounted on the stretch hanging rod, a hook weight is hung on the other end of the stretch spring, the stretch spring is moved to the next stretch hanging rod in sequence and the hook weights are added in sequence to perform a multiplied spring elastic force test, points are drawn on the stretch test board to record the tension of the stretch spring, and then the readings are read and the image is fitted;

[0011] When demonstrating the elastic force and compression amount, the compression spring is movably inserted on the compression guide rod, the bottom of the compression spring is against the connecting frame, the slot code is inserted on the compression guide rod and is located on the top of the compression spring, and then the compression spring is movably inserted on the compression guide rod and the slot code is inserted on the top of the compression spring in turn to perform a multiplied spring elastic force test, and points are drawn on the compression test board to record the tension of the compression spring, and then the readings are read and the image is fitted;

[0012] When demonstrating the tension and compression stiffness coefficients of the same spring, divide the spring into two equal parts, use them as tension springs and compression springs respectively, and test the tension stiffness coefficient and compression stiffness coefficient respectively;

[0013] When demonstrating the series stiffness coefficient of the extension spring, first install one end of a extension spring on the extension hanging rod, then hang a hook weight and trace the points and read the readings, then remove the hook weight and connect a extension spring in series, then hang the same hook weight and trace the points and read the readings;

[0014] When demonstrating the parallel stiffness coefficient of the tension spring, one end of two connected tension springs are respectively fixed on two tension hanging rods, and the other ends of the two tension springs are connected in parallel through a connecting rod. The hook weight is hung on the connecting rod and the points are traced and the readings are taken.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] The demonstration device for the relationship between spring elastic force and deformation amount provided by the present invention can realize the test of compression spring, and can complete the test of compression spring at the same time, can realize multiple tests, and can perform tests intuitively, thereby enhancing perceptual knowledge, and the test results are more accurate and reliable; the experimental device has a simple and intuitive structure, is convenient for data recording and processing, is light and easy to carry, and is suitable for actual classroom teaching. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a demonstration device for the relationship between spring elastic force and deformation;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the accessories;

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram demonstrating the elastic force and elongation of a tension spring;

[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram demonstrating the elastic force and compression amount of a compression spring;

[0021] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram demonstrating the stiffness constant of a tension spring;

[0022] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram demonstrating the stiffness coefficient of a compression spring;

[0023] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram to demonstrate the stiffness coefficient of springs in series;

[0024] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram to demonstrate the stiffness coefficient of springs in parallel;

[0025] Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an existing demonstration device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] Embodiment 1

[0028] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a demonstration device for the relationship between spring elastic force and deformation amount includes a tensile test plate 1, a tensile hanging rod 2, a compression test plate 3 and a connecting frame 4. The tensile test plate 1 is provided with a tensile scale line 11. A plurality of tensile hanging rods 2 are installed on the top of the tensile test plate 1, and the tensile hanging rods 2 are arranged side by side, that is, the tensile hanging rods 2 are on the same straight line and are located above the tensile scale line 11. The tensile hanging rods 2 are used to fix the top of the tensile spring. The compression test plate 3 and the tensile test plate 1 are respectively fixed on both sides of the connecting frame 4 and are arranged oppositely. The compression test plate 3 is provided with a compression scale line 31; a plurality of compression guide rods 5 are provided and are fixed side by side on the connecting frame 4. The compression guide rods 5 are also located on one side of the compression test plate 3 and are arranged oppositely to the compression scale line 31.

[0029] The tension spring can be fixed by the tension hanging rod 2 and read in conjunction with the tension scale line 11. The compression spring is tested by the compression guide rod 5. The compression guide rod 5 can keep the slot code at the top of the compression spring and keep the compression spring in a vertical state, thereby improving the reliability and stability of the test.

[0030] It can not only realize the test of compression springs, but also complete the test of compression springs, realize multiple tests, and can conduct tests intuitively, which enhances perceptual understanding and makes the test results more accurate and reliable. The experimental device has a simple and intuitive structure, convenient data recording and processing, is light and easy to carry, and is suitable for actual classroom teaching.

[0031] In order to more conveniently observe the test results, the tensile test plate 1 and the compression test plate 3 are both transparent plates, and acrylic plates can be used.

[0032] In order to better compare the tension spring and the compression spring, the tension test plate 1 and the compression test plate 3 are arranged in parallel, and the tension scale line 11 corresponds to the compression scale line 31. Since both the tension test plate 1 and the compression test plate 3 are transparent pressure plates, they can be easily compared.

[0033] In order to make the reading more convenient and accurate, a background board is also included. The background board is movably arranged on one side of the tensile test board 1 and / or the compression test board 3. The background board can be a white board. The white board can highlight the tensile scale line 11, the compression scale line 31 and the drawing points to make them more clearly visible and improve the accuracy of the reading.

[0034] A demonstration device for the relationship between spring force and deformation can increase the spring force exponentially, move the position of the spring at equal intervals, and scatter the position of the spring length on a plane, which is equivalent to obtaining an FX image.

[0035] The tensile test plate 1 cooperates with the tensile hanging rod 2 to explore the relationship between the elastic force and elongation of the tensile spring; the compression test plate 3 cooperates with the compression guide rod 5 to explore the relationship between the elastic force and compression of the compression spring. When matched with some conventional or modified accessories, it can not only use qualitative and quantitative methods to explore the relationship between the spring elastic force and the elongation and compression, but also explore the change of the stiffness coefficient K when the springs are connected in series or parallel.

[0036] like Figure 2 As shown, the accessories include tension springs, compression springs, hook weights, slot weights, sister springs, series-parallel springs, whiteboard pens, rulers, etc.

[0037] The tensile test plate 1 and the compression test plate 3 can be made of 5 mm thick acrylic material, which can not only play the role of main body support, but also facilitate point drawing and cleaning and reuse.

[0038] Extension springs are used to explore the relationship between spring force and elongation; compression springs are used to explore the relationship between spring force and compression; slot codes are used as accessories to explore the force and compression of compression springs; hook codes are used as accessories to explore the force and elongation of extension springs. Sister springs are two identical short springs made from the same long spring; series-parallel springs are springs removed and processed from the same type of strip spring dynamometer, and are used to explore the changes in the stiffness coefficient K when the same springs are connected in series and in parallel; the scale is used to fit the image between the spring force F and the deformation variable X; the whiteboard pen is used to draw points and draw graphs on the acrylic panel.

[0039] Embodiment 2

[0040] like Figures 3 to 8As shown, a method for demonstrating the relationship between spring elastic force and deformation amount, and a device for demonstrating the relationship between spring elastic force and deformation amount, include the following steps:

[0041] When demonstrating the elastic force and elongation, install one end of the stretch spring on the stretch hanging rod 2, hang a hook weight on the other end of the stretch spring, move the stretch spring to the next stretch hanging rod 2 in sequence and add hook weights in sequence to perform a multiplied spring elastic force test, draw points on the stretch test plate 1 to record the tension of the stretch spring, then read the value and fit the image;

[0042] When demonstrating the elastic force and compression amount, the compression spring is movably inserted on the compression guide rod 5, the bottom of the compression spring is against the connecting frame 4, the slot code is inserted into the compression guide rod 5 and is located at the top of the compression spring, and then the compression spring is movably inserted into the compression guide rod 5 and the slot code is inserted into the top of the compression spring in turn to perform a multiplied spring elastic force test, and points are drawn on the compression test plate 3 to record the tension of the compression spring, and then the readings are read and the image is fitted;

[0043] When demonstrating the tension and compression stiffness coefficients of the same spring, divide the spring into two equal parts, use them as tension springs and compression springs respectively, and test the tension stiffness coefficient and compression stiffness coefficient respectively;

[0044] When demonstrating the series stiffness coefficient of the extension spring, first install one end of a extension spring on the extension hanging rod 2, then hang a hook weight and trace the points and read the readings, then remove the hook weight and connect a extension spring in series, then hang the same hook weight and trace the points and read the readings;

[0045] When demonstrating the parallel stiffness coefficient of the tension spring, fix one end of two connected tension springs on two tension hanging rods 2 respectively, and connect the other ends of the two tension springs in parallel through a connecting rod. Hang the hook weight on the connecting rod and trace the points and read the values.

[0046] like Figure 3 As shown in the figure, when demonstrating the elastic force and elongation of the tension spring, the same spring increases the number of hooks one by one to double the spring force. Use a whiteboard pen to draw points, read and fit images on the acrylic panel, explore the process and data recording as follows Figure 3 And as shown in Table 1.

[0047] Table 1 Relationship between elastic force and extension of extension spring:

[0048] F / N 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 L / cm 12.00 12.97 13.96 15.00 15.97 X / cm 0 0.97 1.96 2.00 2.97

[0049] like Figure 4 As shown in the figure, when demonstrating the relationship between the elastic force and compression of a compression spring, the same compression spring increases the number of slot codes one by one to double the spring force. Use a whiteboard pen to draw points, read and fit images on the acrylic panel, explore the process and record data as follows Figure 4 And as shown in Table 2.

[0050] Table 2 Relationship between elastic force and extension of compression spring:

[0051] F / N 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 L / cm 29.50 28.30 27.10 26.00 24.92 X / cm 0 1.20 2.40 3.50 4.58

[0052] Demonstrates the stiffness of the same spring in both tension and compression conditions.

[0053] Cut the same spring in the middle to ensure that the two springs have the same length and the same number of coils. Use one as a tension spring and the other as a compression spring. Measure the values ​​of the stiffness coefficient K of each spring and compare them.

[0054] Investigate the stiffness constant of the extension spring, such as Figure 5 And as shown in Table 3.

[0055] Table 3 Stiffness coefficients of extension springs:

[0056]

[0057] Investigate the stiffness coefficient of the compression spring, such as Figure 6 And as shown in Table 4.

[0058] Table 4 Spring coefficients of compression springs:

[0059]

[0060] Experimental conclusion: The stiffness coefficient K of the same spring remains unchanged under both tension and compression conditions.

[0061] Explore the change in stiffness coefficient when springs are connected in series and in parallel:

[0062] like Figure 7 As shown, to explore the stiffness coefficient of springs in series, take a spring, hang a 50g hook weight statically, and the spring elongation is 1cm;

[0063] Take another identical spring and connect it in series, and hang a 50g hook weight statically. The total elongation of the spring is 2cm.

[0064] Experimental conclusion: The spring rate of the same springs connected in series becomes half of the original. Increase the number of springs connected in series and continue the experiment.

[0065] like Figure 8 As shown, to explore the stiffness coefficient of the spring in parallel, take a spring and hang a 200g hook weight statically, and the spring elongation is 4cm;

[0066] Take another identical spring in parallel with it, and hang a 200g hook weight statically. The total elongation of the spring is 2cm.

[0067] Experimental conclusion: The stiffness coefficient of the same springs connected in parallel becomes twice the original value; increase the number of springs connected in parallel and continue the experiment.

[0068] The technical principle of the present invention is described above in conjunction with specific embodiments. These descriptions are only for explaining the principle of the present invention and cannot be interpreted as limiting the protection scope of the present invention in any way. Based on the explanations herein, those skilled in the art can associate other specific implementations of the present invention without paying creative labor, and these methods will fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A demonstration device for the relationship between spring force and deformation, characterized in that: include: A tensile test plate (1) provided with a tensile scale line (11); A plurality of stretching hanging rods (2) are arranged side by side on the stretching test plate (1) and are located above the stretching scale line (11); A compression test plate (3) arranged opposite to the tension test plate (1) and provided with a compression scale line (31); A connecting frame (4) connected to the tensile test plate (1) and the compression test plate (3) respectively; and A plurality of compression guide rods (5) are arranged on the connection frame (4) and are located on one side of the compression test plate (3); the compression guide rods (5) are arranged opposite to the compression scale line (31).

2. A demonstration device for the relationship between spring force and deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tensile test plate (1) and the compression test plate (3) are both transparent plates.

3. A demonstration device for the relationship between spring force and deformation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The tensile test plate (1) and the compression test plate (3) are arranged in parallel, and the tensile scale lines (11) correspond one to one with the compression scale lines (31).

4. A demonstration device for the relationship between spring force and deformation according to claim 2, characterized in that: Also includes: A background plate is movably arranged on one side of the tensile test plate (1) and / or the compression test plate (3) to highlight the tensile scale line (11) and the compression scale line (31).

5. A method for demonstrating the relationship between spring elastic force and deformation, used in a demonstration device for demonstrating the relationship between spring elastic force and deformation as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: When demonstrating the elastic force and elongation, one end of the stretch spring is mounted on the stretch hanging rod (2), a hook weight is hung on the other end of the stretch spring, the stretch spring is moved to the next stretch hanging rod (2) in sequence and the hook weight is added in sequence to perform a multiplied spring elastic force test, points are drawn on the stretch test plate (1) to record the tension of the stretch spring, and then the reading is read and the image is fitted; When demonstrating the elastic force and the amount of compression, the compression spring is movably inserted on the compression guide rod (5), the bottom of the compression spring is against the connecting frame (4), the slot code is inserted on the compression guide rod (5) and is located on the top of the compression spring, and then the compression spring is movably inserted on the compression guide rod (5) and the slot code is inserted on the top of the compression spring in turn to perform a multiplied spring elastic force test, and points are drawn on the compression test plate (3) to record the tension of the compression spring, and then the readings are read and the image is fitted; When demonstrating the tension and compression stiffness coefficients of the same spring, divide the spring into two equal parts, use them as tension springs and compression springs respectively, and test the tension stiffness coefficient and compression stiffness coefficient respectively; When demonstrating the series stiffness coefficient of the tension spring, firstly one end of a tension spring is mounted on the tension hanging rod (2), then a hook weight is hung and the points are traced and the readings are read, then the hook weight is removed and a tension spring is connected in series, and then the same hook weight is hung and the points are traced and the readings are read; When demonstrating the parallel stiffness coefficient of the extension spring, one end of two interconnected extension springs is fixed on two extension hanging rods (2) respectively, and the other ends of the two extension springs are connected in parallel through a connecting rod, and a hook weight is hung on the connecting rod to draw points and read the values.

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