Biomass hydrogen production producer

Abstract

The invention discloses a biomass hydrogen production producer, and belongs to the field of biomass hydrogen production. The burner comprises a pressure-bearing shell, the pressure-bearing shell is divided into a first cavity and a second cavity through a partition plate, the first cavity and the second cavity are arranged up and down, the top of the first cavity is provided with a burner, and the bottom of the second cavity is provided with a slag water outlet; the gasification reactor is located in the first cavity and communicated with the first cavity, the gasification reactor comprises a combustion chamber and a steam generation chamber, the combustion chamber comprises a first combustion chamber and a second combustion chamber which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and the diameter of the first combustion chamber is larger than that of the second combustion chamber; the top of the first combustion chamber is connected with the burner, the bottom of the second combustion chamber is connected with the top of the steam generation chamber, and the steam generation chamber is communicated with the second chamber. Biomass gasification hydrogen production can be achieved, and the carbon conversion rate and the heat efficiency are high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of biomass hydrogen production, and in particular to a biomass hydrogen production furnace. Background Art

[0002] Biohydrogen production is one of the important ways to obtain hydrogen from nature in a sustainable manner. It mainly includes a variety of technologies such as photocatalysis, fermentation hydrogen production, and steam gasification. Photocatalytic biomass hydrogen production uses sunlight and photoconversion of biomaterials to produce hydrogen. Electrons are generated by oxidation, and hydrogen is generated by reducing protons. This method requires sufficient decomposition of biomass, but the CC bonds of biomass are difficult to activate directly, so specific catalysts are required to improve efficiency. Fermentation hydrogen production reduces the activation energy of water cracking through whole-cell catalysis, does not rely on additional energy, and only uses organic matter to produce hydrogen. This method has low energy consumption, but the yield is relatively low. Steam gasification hydrogen production uses steam as a gasifying agent to gasify biomass raw materials and eventually convert them into hydrogen-rich fuels. The biomass raw materials undergo drying, pyrolysis, reduction, and combustion stages to produce mixed gaseous products. This process not only involves the pyrolysis of biomass fuels under high temperature and anoxic conditions, but also involves hydrogen production through gasification and microbial catalytic dehydrogenation, in which biomass fuels are converted into hydrogen and carbon dioxide through gasification technology, and then carbon dioxide is captured from the produced gas stream through a reactor-based process, effectively removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, thereby achieving carbon capture and storage. This technology not only helps to produce the hydrogen needed for the future economy, but also uses photosynthesis to complete the arduous task of absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, thus providing a new solution for sustainable hydrogen production. For this reason, biomass gasification hydrogen production technology has become an important development direction for biomass hydrogen production.

[0003] Based on this, this application is filed. Summary of the invention

[0004] To this end, the present invention proposes a biomass hydrogen production furnace for realizing biomass gasification hydrogen production.

[0005] In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A biomass hydrogen production furnace comprises: a pressure-bearing shell, the pressure-bearing shell is divided into a first chamber and a second chamber arranged up and down by a partition, the top of the first chamber is provided with a burner, and the bottom of the second chamber is provided with a slag water outlet; a gasification reactor located in the first chamber and connected to each other, the gasification reactor comprises a combustion chamber and a steam generating chamber, the combustion chamber comprises a first combustion chamber and a second combustion chamber arranged in sequence from top to bottom, the aspect ratio of the first combustion chamber is smaller than the aspect ratio of the second combustion chamber, the top of the first combustion chamber is connected to the burner, the bottom of the second combustion chamber is connected to the top of the steam generating chamber, and the steam generating chamber is connected to the second chamber.

[0007] In some embodiments of the present invention, there are also several separators located between the gasification reactor and the pressure shell, the partition is provided with several connecting holes, the separators are installed on the connecting holes of the partition, and are used to allow the flue gas in the second chamber to enter the first chamber through the separators; the separators include a separation tube and a filter connected to each other, and the separation tube is installed on the connecting holes of the partition.

[0008] In some embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of separators are evenly distributed in the annular cavity between the gasification reactor and the pressure-bearing shell along the circumferential direction.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present invention, an air guide cylinder surrounding the outlet of the steam generating chamber is provided on the lower side of the partition.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present invention, the aspect ratio of the first combustion chamber is 2-6, and the aspect ratio of the second combustion chamber is 1-8.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present invention, the pressure-bearing shell is formed by a first half shell and a second half shell detachably connected, the first half shell and the partition form the first chamber, and the second half shell and the partition form the second chamber.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present invention, the combustion chamber and the steam generation chamber are made of membrane walls.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present invention, a mounting hole is provided on the shell wall of the first half shell, a rapper is installed on the mounting hole, and the rapper acts on the outer wall of the steam generating chamber.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present invention, the cavity wall of the second half shell is further provided with a synthesis gas outlet, an alkali solution addition port and a washing water inlet.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present invention, an atomizing water spray assembly is disposed on the upper portion of the steam generating chamber. The atomizing water spray assembly includes a water spray pipe and a plurality of atomizing nozzles disposed on the water spray pipe. The plurality of atomizing nozzles form an annular water curtain.

[0016] The technical solution of the present invention has the following technical effects compared with the prior art:

[0017] In the biomass hydrogen production furnace provided by the present invention, the pressure shell is divided into a first chamber and a second chamber by setting a partition, wherein the gasification reactor is arranged in the first chamber as a whole, and the corrosion of the inner wall of the pressure shell and the outer wall of the gasification reactor contacting acidic moisture is avoided as much as possible. In addition, for the characteristics of high volatile matter (Vd%), high oxygen content (Od%), and low density of biomass, the combustion chamber is divided into a first combustion chamber located on the upper side with a larger diameter and a second combustion chamber located on the lower side with a smaller diameter. The first combustion chamber provides sufficient suspension and dispersion space for biomass powder, so that the biomass completely removes volatile matter and fully pyrolyzes to generate products such as tar, wood vinegar, and carbon particles. At the same time, 70% (wt) of the carbon element in the biomass reacts with oxygen to generate carbon dioxide. Under the dual effects of gravity and airflow entrainment, the pyrolysis products enter the advection reaction zone of the second combustion chamber to rectify the gas and liquid slag downward. During the rectification process, the carbonaceous particles entrained by the gas are captured by the liquid ash slag, and the carbon particles slowly flow downward with the liquid slag to complete the gasification reaction. The remaining 30% (wt) of carbon elements in the first combustion chamber complete the gasification reaction with carbon dioxide and water to generate synthesis gas mainly composed of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The high-temperature synthesis gas entrains the liquid slag into the steam generator to cool down to 800℃, and the sensible heat is recovered in the form of steam. At the same time, a small amount of short-circuit carbon particles that are not captured continue to react in the steam generator, further improving the carbon conversion rate and thermal efficiency.

[0018] Furthermore, in the biomass hydrogen production furnace provided by the present invention, in order to prevent the synthesis gas containing ash and water vapor from entering the first chamber from the second chamber to corrode the pressure shell during the boost stage or pressure fluctuation of the gasifier. A plurality of separators are provided between the gasification reactor and the pressure shell, and the separators include a plurality of separation tubes and a plurality of filters, which can separate the liquid water vapor in the synthesis gas and filter out the ash in the synthesis gas to avoid corrosion. Furthermore, in the biomass hydrogen production furnace provided by the present invention, the combustion chamber and the steam generation chamber are made of membrane walls to protect the pressure shell to ensure the inherent safety of the gasifier, and cleverly solve the problem of difficult selection of thermal insulation materials.

[0019] Furthermore, in the biomass hydrogen production furnace provided by the present invention, the first half shell of the pressure-bearing shell is provided with an outer insulation layer, which can make the temperature of the first half shell during operation greater than the dew point temperature under the synthesis gas pressure, thereby avoiding condensation of water in the synthesis gas that leaks into the annular cavity and forming a wet hydrogen sulfide corrosion environment.

[0020] Furthermore, in the biomass hydrogen production furnace provided by the present invention, a rapper is installed on the first half shell to intermittently rap the steam generator to eliminate potassium salt and sodium salt precipitated on its wall surface, thereby ensuring stable steam production of the steam generator. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which will help to understand the objects and advantages of the present invention, wherein:

[0022] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a specific implementation mode of the biomass hydrogen production furnace of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a specific implementation mode of the pressure-bearing shell in the biomass hydrogen production furnace of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of a specific implementation mode of the gasification reactor in the biomass hydrogen production furnace of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of a specific implementation mode of the separator in the biomass hydrogen production furnace of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of a specific implementation mode of the rapper in the biomass hydrogen production furnace of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of a specific implementation mode of the atomizing water spraying assembly in the steam generating chamber of the biomass hydrogen production furnace of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0030] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0031] In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0032] like Figure 1 The figure shows a specific embodiment of the biomass hydrogen production furnace of the present invention, which includes a pressure shell 10, which is divided into a first chamber 10a and a second chamber 10b arranged in an upper and lower manner by a partition 15, the top of the first chamber 10a is provided with a burner 13, and the bottom of the second chamber 10b is provided with a slag water outlet 14; a gasification reactor 20 is located in the first chamber 10a and is interconnected, the gasification reactor 20 includes a combustion chamber 21 and a steam generating chamber 22, the combustion chamber 21 includes a first combustion chamber 211 and a second combustion chamber 212 arranged in sequence from top to bottom, the diameter of the first combustion chamber 211 is larger than the diameter of the second combustion chamber 212, the top of the first combustion chamber 211 is connected to the burner 13, the bottom of the second combustion chamber 212 is connected to the top of the steam generating chamber 22, and the steam generating chamber 22 is connected to the second chamber 10b.

[0033] In the biomass hydrogen production furnace, the pressure shell 10 is divided into a first chamber 10a and a second chamber 10b by setting a partition 15, wherein the gasification reactor 20 is entirely arranged in the first chamber 10a to avoid corrosion of the inner wall of the pressure shell 10 and the outer wall of the gasification reactor 20 from contacting acidic moisture as much as possible.

[0034] During the pressure boosting stage or pressure fluctuation of the hydrogen production furnace, synthesis gas containing ash and water vapor will flow from the second chamber 10b to the annular cavity of the first chamber 10a (the chamber between the inner wall of the pressure shell 10 and the outer wall of the gasification reactor 20). The ash contains corrosive substances such as sulfur and chloride salts, and the synthesis gas contains wet environment corrosive gases such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, which will corrode the inner wall of the pressure shell 10 and the outer wall of the gasification reactor 20. In order to avoid the corrosion of the inner wall of the first chamber 10a by the synthesis gas, in a specific embodiment, the biomass hydrogen production furnace also includes a plurality of separators 30 located between the gasification reactor 20 and the pressure shell 10, and the partition 15 is provided with a plurality of connecting holes. The separator 30 is installed on the connecting holes of the partition 15, and is used to allow the flue gas in the second chamber 10b to enter the first chamber 10a through the separator 30. By arranging a plurality of separators 30 between the gasification reactor 20 and the pressure shell 10, liquid water vapor in the synthesis gas can be separated and ash in the synthesis gas can be filtered out, thereby avoiding corrosion.

[0035] Specifically, in an optional implementation manner, Figure 4 As shown, the separator 30 includes a separation tube 31 and a filter 32 connected to each other, and the separation tube 31 is installed on the communication hole of the partition 15. The filter 32 is composed of a filter unit (such as sintered metal, woven metal mesh, or sintered felt) and its steel frame, and the filtering accuracy is 5 to 100 microns. In order to prevent water vapor and ash from forming sludge and clogging the filter 32. The separation tube 31 is set in front of the filter 32. The crude synthesis gas containing liquid water vapor collides with each other during the upward movement in the separation tube 31, gathers into large droplets, and falls into the second chamber 10b along the tube wall under the action of gravity to achieve separation.

[0036] Specifically, in an optional embodiment, a plurality of separators 30 are evenly distributed in the annular cavity between the gasification reactor 20 and the pressure shell 10 along the circumferential direction, which can realize the separation of water vapor and ash in each area.

[0037] Specifically, in an optional implementation manner, Figure 1 As shown, an air guide cylinder 40 surrounding the outlet of the steam generating chamber 22 is provided on the lower side of the partition 15. The cooled synthesis gas enters the water area of ​​the second chamber 10b through the air guide cylinder 40, and is bubbled and washed upward to the synthesis gas outlet to be sent out of the gasification furnace. The liquid slag enters the water area of ​​the second chamber 10b to form solid slag, which is discharged from the hydrogen production furnace through the slag water outlet 14.

[0038] Specifically, in an optional embodiment, according to the high volatile matter characteristics of biomass, such as Figure 3As shown, the aspect ratio of the first combustion chamber 211 is 2-6, which provides sufficient suspension and dispersion space for biomass powder, so that the biomass can be completely devolatile and fully pyrolyzed to generate products such as tar, wood vinegar, and carbon particles. Under the dual effects of gravity and airflow entrainment, the pyrolysis products enter the small-diameter section advection reaction zone to rectify the gas and liquid slag downward. The aspect ratio of the second combustion chamber 212 is 1-8. During the rectification process, the carbon-containing particles entrained by the gas are captured by the liquid ash, and the carbon particles complete the gasification reaction with the downward flow of the liquid slag to generate a synthesis gas mainly composed of carbon monoxide and hydrogen and melt in the liquid slag.

[0039] Among them, the working temperature of the steam generating chamber 22 is controlled at about 800°C, and the high-temperature synthesis gas entrains liquid slag into the steam generating chamber 22 and cools it to 800°C, recovering the sensible heat in the form of steam. At the same time, a small amount of short-circuited carbon particles that are not captured continue to react in the steam generating chamber 22, further improving the carbon conversion rate and thermal efficiency.

[0040] Specifically, in an optional implementation manner, Figure 2 As shown, the pressure shell 10 is formed by a first half shell 11 and a second half shell 12 that are detachably connected. Specifically, the two are detachably connected using a flange structure. The first half shell 11 and the partition 15 form the first chamber 10a, and the second half shell 12 and the partition 15 form the second chamber 10b. The partition 15 is installed on the upper part of the second half shell 12 and is located on the lower side of the flange of the second half shell 12 to avoid the problem that the flange of the first half shell 11 is corroded by flue gas and affects the service life of the first half shell 11. Through the above structure, the second half shell 12 that contacts more corrosive flue gas can be regularly replaced to achieve the update of the biomass hydrogen production furnace.

[0041] The allowable working pressure of the pressure shell 10 is within the range of 0.2MPa(G) to 6.5MPa(G). The first half shell 11 is provided with an outer insulation layer. The temperature of the pressure shell 10 during operation is greater than the dew point temperature under the synthesis gas pressure, so as to prevent the condensation of water in the synthesis gas that enters the annular cavity and form wet hydrogen sulfide to corrode the inner wall of the pressure shell 10. The working temperature of the second chamber 10b is less than 200°C, which is less than the dew point temperature (260°C) under the synthesis gas pressure, so that the synthesis gas can condense quickly and fall into the washing water in the lower area of ​​the second chamber 10b. At the same time, the cavity wall of the second half shell 12 is also provided with a synthesis gas outlet, an alkali solution addition port and a washing water inlet.

[0042] Specifically, in an optional embodiment, the combustion chamber 21 and the steam generation chamber 22 are made of membrane walls. The inner wall of the combustion chamber 21 is provided with a heat insulation layer, the temperature in the combustion chamber 21 is greater than 1200°C, the inner wall of the steam generation chamber 22 is provided with a heat absorption screen, and the terminal temperature of the steam generation chamber 22 is greater than 800°C, so that the synthesis gas can be directly introduced into the water area through the gas guide cylinder 40 without the crystallization temperature.

[0043] Specifically, in an optional embodiment, a mounting hole is provided on the shell wall of the first half shell 11, and a rapper 50 is installed on the mounting hole. The rapper 50 acts on the outer wall of the steam generating chamber 22. Specifically, as Figure 5 As shown, a chopping board 221 is welded on the outer wall of the steam generating chamber 22, and the rapper 50 acts on the chopping board 221 to intermittently rap the steam generating chamber 22 to eliminate potassium salt and sodium salt precipitated on the wall surface, thereby ensuring the stability of steam production in the steam generating chamber 22 and improving the hydrogen production efficiency of the biomass hydrogen production furnace.

[0044] Specifically, in an optional embodiment, an atomizing water spray assembly is disposed on the steam generating chamber 22, and the atomizing water spray assembly includes a water spray pipe 222 and a plurality of atomizing nozzles 223 disposed on the water spray pipe 222. The plurality of atomizing nozzles 223 form an annular water curtain to pre-quench the slag and high-temperature synthesis gas entering the steam generating chamber 22, thereby preventing the slag from hanging in the steam generating chamber 22 caused by fluctuations in the biomass raw material, resulting in attenuation of the by-product steam. More specifically, as Figure 6 As shown, the lower side of the second combustion chamber 212 extends into the interior of the steam generating chamber 22 along the top opening, and the two are sealed and connected. The water spray pipe 222 of the atomizing water spray assembly surrounds the outer wall of the second combustion chamber 212 located on the inner side of the steam generating chamber 22, and the atomizing nozzles 223 are evenly distributed on the water spray pipe 222 along the circumferential direction.

[0045] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for the purpose of clear explanation, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. However, the obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biomass hydrogen production furnace, characterized in that: include: A pressure-bearing shell, wherein the pressure-bearing shell is divided into a first chamber and a second chamber arranged up and down by a partition, a burner is provided at the top of the first chamber, and a slag water outlet is provided at the bottom of the second chamber; A gasification reactor is located in the first chamber and is interconnected, the gasification reactor includes a combustion chamber and a steam generating chamber, the combustion chamber includes a first combustion chamber and a second combustion chamber arranged from top to bottom, the diameter of the first combustion chamber is larger than the diameter of the second combustion chamber, the top of the first combustion chamber is connected to the burner, the bottom of the second combustion chamber is connected to the top of the steam generating chamber, and the steam generating chamber is connected to the second chamber.

2. A biomass hydrogen production furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a plurality of separators located between the gasification reactor and the pressure shell, the partition is provided with a plurality of connecting holes, the separators are installed on the connecting holes of the partition, and are used to allow the flue gas in the second chamber to enter the first chamber through the separators; the separators include a separation tube and a filter connected to each other, and the separation tube is installed on the connecting holes of the partition.

3. A biomass hydrogen production furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of separators are evenly distributed in the annular cavity between the gasification reactor and the pressure-bearing shell along the circumferential direction.

4. A biomass hydrogen production furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: An air guide cylinder surrounding the outlet of the steam generating chamber is arranged on the lower side of the partition.

5. The biomass hydrogen production furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aspect ratio of the first combustion chamber is 2-6, and the aspect ratio of the second combustion chamber is 1-8.

6. The biomass hydrogen production furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure-bearing shell is formed by a first half shell and a second half shell that are detachably connected. The first half shell and the partition plate form the first chamber, and the second half shell and the partition plate form the second chamber.

7. The biomass hydrogen production furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combustion chamber and the steam generation chamber are made of membrane walls.

8. The biomass hydrogen production furnace according to claim 6, characterized in that: A mounting hole is provided on the shell wall of the first half shell, a rapper is installed on the mounting hole, and the rapper acts on the outer wall of the steam generating chamber.

9. The biomass hydrogen production furnace according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cavity wall of the second half shell is also provided with a synthesis gas outlet, an alkali solution addition port and a washing water inlet.

10. The biomass hydrogen production furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: An atomizing water spray assembly is arranged on the upper part of the steam generating chamber. The atomizing water spray assembly comprises a water spray pipe and a plurality of atomizing nozzles arranged on the water spray pipe. The plurality of atomizing nozzles form an annular water curtain.

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