Rapid composting device and composting method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a rapid composting device and a composting method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of solid waste treatment.The rapid composting device comprises a fermentation box body, a closed box body cover is arranged at the top of the fermentation box body, and a fermentation gas leading-out device is connected to the top of the box body cover; a first inclined bottom plate and a second inclined bottom plate are fixedly arranged at the bottom in the fermentation box body, a grating plate is fixedly connected between the first inclined bottom plate and the second inclined bottom plate, and a leachate recovery device used for collecting stockpiling leachate in the fermentation box body is arranged under the grating plate; and an air supply device is also arranged on one side of the fermentation box body. According to the invention, the fermentation rotting-promoting fungus material, the process method and the compost rotting device are tightly combined to jointly act on compost fermentation, and meanwhile, the device is provided with a percolate recovery and fermentation gas conversion and cyclic utilization system, so that the environmental pollution is reduced, the sustainable utilization of resources is promoted, the concepts of green ecology and circular economy are embodied, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. The method is of great significance to promotion of agricultural sustainable development.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste treatment, and in particular relates to a rapid composting and decomposition device and a composting method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Existing technologies have made significant progress in the rapid fermentation and composting of agricultural waste, but the requirements for the maturity of the compost after fermentation are still not high. For example, in the NY / T525-2021 standard, there are no clear requirements for the maturity of the compost after fermentation. It only stipulates the numerical requirements of the GI index related to the maturity (≥70%), which to a certain extent fails to fully reflect the strict requirements of high-quality organic fertilizers for maturity. In agricultural production practice, the maturity of compost is not only a core indicator for measuring its quality as an organic fertilizer, but also directly related to the fertilizer supply efficiency and sustainability of the fertilizer. It has immeasurable value for improving soil fertility and promoting crop growth. Therefore, deepening the research and development and application of agricultural waste composting technology has become a key point that urgently needs to be broken through in the current field of agricultural waste resource utilization.

[0003] However, current research and applications are mostly focused on the development of biological agents that promote composting and the optimization of composting degree detection methods, while there are relatively few reports on the development of technical means and special equipment that can significantly improve the composting efficiency of agricultural waste and ensure the quality of composting. For example, in the treatment of harmful gases such as carbon dioxide, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide produced during the fermentation process, most existing technologies have failed to form a systematic solution. We know that in the practice of agricultural waste fermentation and composting, accompanied by the active metabolism of microorganisms, fermentation gases such as carbon dioxide, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide will inevitably be produced. The emission of these gases not only poses a potential threat to the environment, but also represents a certain waste of resources. Therefore, exploring how to achieve the effective conversion and utilization of these fermentation gases while promoting efficient composting, reducing environmental pollution and improving resource utilization efficiency has become an important development direction for the new generation of agricultural waste fermentation and composting technology and equipment. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention discloses a rapid composting and decomposing device and a composting method thereof. The present invention closely combines the fermentation-promoting bacterial material, the process method and the composting and decomposing device to act together in the composting fermentation process. On the basis of the fermentation-promoting bacterial material, the present invention optimizes the process method: fermentation conditions, regulation of fermentation parameters, etc., and also designs a composting and decomposing device, which integrates the functions of fermentation process control, harmful gas collection and conversion, etc., and realizes the efficient conversion and direct utilization of fermentation gas.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a rapid composting device, which comprises a fermentation box body, a closed box cover is provided on the top of the fermentation box body, and a fermentation gas outlet device is connected to the top of the box cover; a first inclined bottom plate and a second inclined bottom plate are fixedly provided at the bottom of the fermentation box body, a grille plate is fixedly connected between the first inclined bottom plate and the second inclined bottom plate, and a leachate recovery device for collecting leachate of pile materials in the fermentation box body is provided directly below the grille plate; and an air supply device is also provided on one side of the fermentation box body.

[0007] Preferably, the angle between the upper surface of the first inclined bottom plate and the horizontal plane is 15°, the angle between the upper surface of the second inclined bottom plate and the horizontal plane is 30°, and the length ratio of the bottom surfaces of the first inclined bottom plate, the grid plate and the second inclined plate is 5:1:2. A grid plate with slits is provided between the two inclined bottom plates at different angles to facilitate the air under the grid plate to enter the material pile.

[0008] Preferably, the box cover includes a front lighting panel, a rear insulation panel and a top panel, and the top panel is fixedly arranged between the lighting panel and the rear insulation panel; the fermentation gas outlet device includes an air guide duct, one end of which is arranged in the central part of the top panel and connected thereto, and a molecular membrane is provided at the connection between the two to block odors such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in the fermentation gas; an air outlet pipe and a condensed liquid pipe are provided at the lower part of the other end of the air guide duct, one end of the condensed liquid pipe extends into a liquid collection barrel for collecting liquid after condensation of water vapor, and the air outlet pipe is used to discharge carbon dioxide gas in the gas after filtration by the molecular membrane into the greenhouse, and use it as gas fertilizer for crop photosynthesis.

[0009] Preferably, the leachate recovery device includes a leachate tank, a sewage pump is installed in the leachate tank, and the water outlet of the sewage pump is connected to a water pipe. The water pipe penetrates from the upper part of one side of the fermentation tank and extends to the inside of the fermentation tank to transport the leachate collected in the leachate tank to the fermentation tank for recycling again, thereby avoiding the discharge of the leachate; a liquid level sensor for monitoring the liquid level height in the leachate tank is also installed in the leachate tank for real-time monitoring of the height of the liquid in the leachate tank, and the liquid sensor and the sewage pump are both connected to the intelligent controller.

[0010] Preferably, the air supply device includes a high-pressure blower, which is connected to the intelligent controller; the air inlet of the high-pressure blower is provided with a first air inlet pipe and a second air inlet pipe, the first air inlet pipe penetrates from the upper part of one side of the fermentation box body and extends to the inside of the fermentation box body, and the first air inlet pipe and the second air inlet pipe are both provided with a switch valve for controlling the on-off of the airflow; the air outlet of the high-pressure blower is connected to a three-way air outlet pipe, the main air outlet pipe of the three-way air outlet pipe penetrates the side wall of the leachate tank and extends to the inside of the leachate tank; the first air outlet pipe of the three-way air outlet pipe The branch air outlet pipe penetrates into the leachate tank near the bottom, and is used to transport the fermentation mixed gas sucked in from the first air inlet pipe to the leachate tank, and then return it to the fermentation box through the grille plate after being absorbed and converted by the leachate; the second branch air outlet pipe of the three-way air outlet pipe passes through the bottom of the fermentation box and extends to the inside of the fermentation box, and is used to transport the air entering from the second air inlet pipe into the fermentation box to supplement the oxygen required in the pile fermentation process; the first branch air outlet pipe and the second branch air outlet pipe are both provided with switch valves for controlling the on and off of the airflow.

[0011] Preferably, a feed inlet is provided on one side wall of the fermentation box, and a discharge port is provided on the other symmetrical side wall; and detection holes are provided on both side walls, so that when the pile is fermented, a multi-parameter environmental sensor can be inserted into the fermentation box through the detection hole to detect the oxygen concentration, temperature or humidity inside the fermentation box in real time; the multi-parameter environmental sensor is connected to the intelligent controller.

[0012] The present invention also provides a composting fermentation and decomposition method, which is implemented using the above-mentioned rapid composting fermentation and decomposition device, and the composting fermentation and decomposition method comprises the following steps:

[0013] (1) After mixing compost raw materials with a water content of 60% to 70% evenly, the compost raw materials are loaded into the fermentation box from the feed port as the first batch of pile materials according to a filling ratio of 2 / 3, and ventilation and oxygen supply are performed to carry out the first stage of fermentation; during the first stage of fermentation, since the second inclined bottom plate is shorter than the first inclined bottom plate and has a larger inclination angle, the air generally moves upward to supply oxygen to the pile materials in the fermentation box, and the 30° inclination angle of the bottom plate is conducive to the supplement of oxygen during the first stage of fermentation, reduces ventilation dead corners, and reduces the generation of gases such as methane and hydrogen sulfide during fermentation.

[0014] (2) After the first batch of piles in step (1) completes the first stage of fermentation, they are piled up at the discharge port, and fermentation-promoting bacteria are sprinkled on the piles during the stacking process to carry out the second stage of decomposition; in the second stage of decomposition, since the first inclined plate is longer and the inclination angle is smaller, the air supply can be reduced, which is conducive to lowering the fermentation temperature and better meeting the temperature requirements of rapid decomposition. At the same time, new compost raw materials are added from the feed port to the fermentation box as the second batch of piles and loaded into the vacated area of ​​the first batch of piles for high-temperature fermentation.

[0015] (3) After the first batch of piles at the discharge port of the fermentation box has completed decomposition, the discharge port door is opened to clean out the decomposed compost; then, the second batch of piles at the first stage of fermentation at the feed port is pushed to the discharge port position for the second stage of decomposition; at the same time, new piles are added to the space vacated by the feed port for high-temperature fermentation; according to this method, a cyclic alternating production mode is formed in sequence.

[0016] Preferably, the high-temperature fermentation temperature of the first stage fermentation is 55-68°C and lasts for 12-14 days, or when the compost temperature is >55°C and the cumulative daily temperature reaches 80°C, it lasts for 10-14 days; the second stage composting temperature is 40-48°C and lasts for 14-15 days.

[0017] Preferably, during the first stage of fermentation, the oxygen concentration in the fermentation box is 12-16%; during the second stage of decomposition, the oxygen concentration in the fermentation box is not less than 7%.

[0018] Preferably, the ingredients of the fermentation and decomposition-promoting fungus material are: 1kg of compost humification bacteria agent, 0.1kg of brown sugar, and 0.3kg of urea, which is the fermentation and decomposition-promoting fungus material required for 1 ton of compost; the compost humification bacteria agent is 1.0×108cfu / g of rope-shaped basket fungus (its Latin classification name: Talaromyces funiculosus; preservation unit: General Microbiology Center of China National Microbiological Culture Collection Administration; preservation address: No. 3, Yard No. 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing; registration number CGMCCNO.21421; preservation date: December 29, 2020).

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] (1) The present invention provides a rapid composting and maturation device. Through its unique segmented design, i.e., the layout of a first inclined bottom plate and a second inclined bottom plate, the efficiency and effect of the composting fermentation process are significantly improved, as follows: when the pile is added into the fermentation box from the feed inlet, most of the pile will accumulate on the second inclined plate close to the feed inlet. At this time, since the second inclined plate has a high inclination angle and is close to the outlet pipe in the leachate tank, it is conducive to supplementing oxygen, ensuring that the pile can obtain sufficient oxygen in the early stage of fermentation, thereby accelerating the activity of microorganisms and promoting the rapid start-up and efficient fermentation of the compost; when the pile is fermented in the first stage, the pile is pushed to the discharge port by mechanical means. Since the first inclined plate is close to the discharge port, most of the pile is transferred to the first inclined plate. Since the second inclined plate is long and has a small inclination angle, it can reduce the air oxygen supply, which helps to reduce the fermentation temperature and make the pile enter a milder maturation stage.

[0021] (2) The rapid composting and decomposition device provided by the present invention is also provided with a leachate recovery device, which integrates the leachate recovery and reuse functions. The core part of the device includes key components such as a fermentation box, a grid plate, a leachate tank, a liquid level sensor, an intelligent controller, a sewage pump and a liquid delivery pipe, which work together to achieve zero discharge and efficient treatment of leachate. In the fermentation box, the compost raw materials are carefully piled up and the fermentation process is started. With the enhancement of microbial activity, the pile gradually decomposes and produces nutrient-rich leachate. After the large particles are effectively filtered out by the grid plate at the bottom of the fermentation box, it flows into the leachate tank below. When the liquid level in the leachate tank reaches the preset safe water level, the built-in liquid level sensor immediately sends a signal to the intelligent controller, so that the intelligent controller starts the sewage pump to transport the leachate to the newly added fermentation pile near the material inlet. Due to the addition of new pile materials and frequent microbial activities, the temperature in this area is relatively high, which provides favorable conditions for the rapid absorption of leachate. The leachate is effectively utilized here, which not only replenishes the water and nutrients needed for composting, but also avoids the discharge of leachate, realizes recycling, and achieves the dual benefits of environmental protection and resource utilization.

[0022] (3) In the rapid composting and decomposition device provided by the present invention, the conversion and utilization of fermentation gas in the fermentation box is realized. The fermentation gas generated in the box is mainly odorous gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. After being blocked by the molecular membrane, the fermentation mixed gas in the fermentation box is transported to the first outlet pipe located at the bottom of the leachate tank through the first air inlet pipe. After the recovered gas passes through the leachate, the leachate can adsorb and convert part of the gas, especially ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. The fermentation gas filtered by the leachate enters the fermentation pile for digestion, thereby realizing effective control and resource utilization of the gas; and the water vapor and carbon dioxide that enter the air guide pipe after being filtered by the molecular membrane flow out along the air guide pipe. After the water vapor in the pipe is condensed, it flows along the pipeline to the water bucket at the lowest point. The carbon dioxide gas is discharged into the greenhouse through the outlet pipe on the air guide pipe (the interface between the outlet pipe and the air guide pipe is higher than the liquid surface in the water bucket), and is used as a gas fertilizer for crop photosynthesis. The carbon dioxide is efficiently absorbed and utilized by plants, which promotes the growth and development of plants, not only realizing the reduction and reuse of greenhouse gases, but also improving the production efficiency and sustainability of greenhouse agriculture. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the rapid composting fermentation and decomposition device provided by the present invention being located in a greenhouse;

[0024] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the rapid composting fermentation and decomposition device provided by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 A front view of the rapid composting fermentation and decomposition device provided by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of middle A;

[0027] Figure 5 A right side view of the rapid composting fermentation and decomposition device provided by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 It is a test chart of oxygen content in composting of Example 2 of the present invention and Comparative Example 1;

[0029] Figure 7 It is a test chart of the compost agglomeration ratio of Example 2 of the present invention and Comparative Example 1;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a test diagram of ammonia concentration in exhaust gas of Example 2 of the present invention and Comparative Example 1;

[0031] Fig. 9 It is a test chart of humus content in Example 2 of the present invention and Comparative Example 2;

[0032] Fig.10It is a test chart of humus content in Example 2 of the present invention and Comparative Example 3;

[0033] Fig.11 This is the fresh weight of radish per plant under different treatments.

[0034] In the figure: 1 fermentation box, 11 front lighting panel, 12 rear insulation panel, 13 top panel, 131 molecular membrane, 132 air guide duct, 133 air outlet pipe, 134 condensed liquid pipe, 135 liquid collection barrel, 14 feed inlet, 15 detection hole, 16 discharge port, 17 first inclined bottom plate, 18 second inclined bottom plate, 19 grid plate, 2 leachate tank, 21 sewage pump, 22 water pipe, 3 high-pressure blower, 31 first air inlet pipe, 32 three-way air outlet pipe, 321 first branch air outlet pipe, 322 second branch air outlet pipe, 33 second air inlet pipe, 4 intelligent controller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as “upper”, “lower”, “left”, “right”, “inside” and “outside” are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention; in addition, the terms “first” and “second” are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0037] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] This embodiment provides a rapid composting fermentation and decomposition device, see Figure 2 , Figure 3As shown, the device includes a fermentation box 1, a closed box cover is provided on the top of the fermentation box 1, and a fermentation gas outlet device is connected to the top of the box cover; a first inclined bottom plate 17 and a second inclined bottom plate 18 are fixedly provided at the bottom of the fermentation box 1, a grid plate 19 is fixedly connected between the first inclined bottom plate 17 and the second inclined bottom plate 18, and a leachate recovery device for collecting leachate of the pile in the fermentation box 1 is provided directly below the grid plate 19; and an air supply device is also provided on one side of the fermentation box 1.

[0040] In the above embodiment, the angle between the upper surface of the first inclined bottom plate 17 and the horizontal plane is 15°, the angle between the upper surface of the second inclined bottom plate 18 and the horizontal plane is 30°, and the length ratio of the bottom surface of the first inclined bottom plate 17 to the grid plate 19 and the second inclined plate 18 is 5:1:2. The layout of the first inclined bottom plate 17 and the second inclined bottom plate 18 significantly improves the efficiency and effect of the composting fermentation process.

[0041] In the above embodiment, the box cover includes a front lighting panel 11, a rear insulation panel 12 and a top panel 13, and the top panel 13 is fixedly arranged between the lighting panel 11 and the rear insulation panel 12; the fermentation gas outlet device includes an air guide duct 132, one end of the air guide duct 132 is arranged in the central part of the top panel 13 and is connected thereto, and a molecular membrane 131 is provided at the connection between the two to block odors such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in the fermentation gas; an air outlet pipe 133 and a condensed liquid pipe 134 are provided at the lower part of the other end of the air guide duct 132, one end of the condensed liquid pipe 134 extends into a liquid collection barrel 135 to facilitate the collection of water vapor after condensation, and the air outlet pipe 133 is used to discharge the carbon dioxide gas filtered by the molecular membrane 131 into the greenhouse, and use it as gas fertilizer for crop photosynthesis.

[0042] In the above embodiment, the leachate recovery device includes a leachate tank 2, a sewage pump 21 is installed in the leachate tank 2, and the water outlet of the sewage pump 21 is connected to a water pipe 22, which penetrates from the upper part of one side of the fermentation tank 1 and extends to the inside of the fermentation tank 1 to transport the leachate collected in the leachate tank 2 to the fermentation tank 1 for recycling, thereby avoiding the discharge of the leachate; a liquid level sensor for monitoring the liquid level in the leachate tank 2 is also installed in the leachate tank 2, and the liquid sensor and the sewage pump 21 are both connected to the intelligent controller 4. When the liquid level in the leachate tank 2 reaches the preset safe water level, the built-in liquid level sensor immediately sends a signal to the intelligent controller 4, so that the intelligent controller 4 starts the sewage pump 21 to transport the leachate to the newly added fermentation pile near the feed inlet.

[0043] In the above embodiments, see Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4As shown, the air supply device includes a high-pressure blower 3, which is connected to the intelligent controller 4; the air inlet of the high-pressure blower 3 is provided with a first air inlet pipe 31 and a second air inlet pipe 33, the first air inlet pipe 31 penetrates from the upper part of one side of the fermentation box 1 and extends to the inside of the fermentation box 1, and the first air inlet pipe 31 and the second air inlet pipe 33 are provided with switch valves for controlling the on-off of the airflow; the air outlet of the high-pressure blower 3 is connected with a three-way air outlet pipe 32, the main air outlet pipe of the three-way air outlet pipe 32 penetrates the side wall of the leachate tank 2 and extends to the inside of the leachate tank 2, the first branch air outlet pipe 321 of the three-way air outlet pipe 32 penetrates into the leachate tank 2 near the bottom position, the second branch air outlet pipe 322 of the three-way air outlet pipe 32 penetrates the bottom of the fermentation box 1 and extends to the inside of the fermentation box 1, and the first branch air outlet pipe 321 and the second branch air outlet pipe 322 are provided with switch valves for controlling the on-off of the airflow.

[0044] In the above embodiments, see Figure 2 , Figure 5 As shown, a feed port 14 is provided on one side wall of the fermentation box 1, and a discharge port 16 is provided on the other symmetrical side wall; and detection holes 15 are provided on both side walls, so that when the pile is fermented, the multi-parameter environmental sensor is inserted into the fermentation box 1 through the detection hole 15 to detect the oxygen concentration, temperature or humidity inside in real time; the parameter environmental sensor is connected to the intelligent controller 4. When the oxygen concentration in the pile at the discharge port is lower than 7% or the oxygen concentration at the feed port is lower than 12%, the multi-parameter environmental sensor inserted into the fermentation box 1 through the detection hole 15 will feed back this information to the intelligent controller 4, and the intelligent controller 4 will start the high-pressure blower 3 to blow air and supply oxygen to the pile through the second branch air outlet pipe 322.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] This embodiment also provides a composting fermentation and decomposition method, which is implemented using the rapid composting fermentation and decomposition device of embodiment 1, see Figure 1 As shown, the fermentation box is placed in a greenhouse and close to one side of the greenhouse wall. The composting method comprises the following steps:

[0047] (1) After mixing compost raw materials with a water content of 65% evenly, the compost raw materials are loaded into the fermentation box 1 from the feed port 14 as the first batch of pile materials according to the filling ratio of 2 / 3, and the feed port door is closed. The multi-parameter environmental sensor is inserted into the pile materials in the fermentation box 1 through the detection hole 15, and the high-pressure blower 3 is started through the intelligent controller 4 for ventilation and oxygen supply to carry out the first stage of fermentation; the temperature of the first stage of high-temperature fermentation is 60° C., the oxygen concentration in the fermentation box is 14%, and it lasts for 13 days.

[0048] (2) After the first batch of piles in step (1) completes the first stage of fermentation, they are piled up at the discharge port 16. During the stacking process, fermentation-promoting bacteria are sprinkled on the pile: 1 kg of compost humifying bacteria, 0.1 kg of brown sugar, and 0.3 kg of urea are required for 1 ton of pile, and the second stage of decomposition is carried out; the decomposition temperature of this stage is 45° C. and the duration is 14 days, and it is ensured that the oxygen concentration in the fermentation box is not less than 7% (when the oxygen concentration in the pile at the discharge port 16 is lower than 7%, the multi-parameter environmental sensor inserted into the fermentation box 1 through the detection hole 15 will feed back this information to the intelligent controller 4, and the intelligent controller 4 will start the high-pressure blower 3 to blow air and supply oxygen to the pile through the second branch air outlet pipe 322), and a new second batch of piles is added from the feed port 14 to the fermentation box 1 to fill the vacated part of the first batch of piles for high-temperature fermentation.

[0049] (3) After the first batch of piles at the discharge port 16 of the fermentation box has completed decomposition, the discharge port door is opened to clean out the decomposed compost; then, the second batch of piles at the first stage of fermentation at the feed port 14 is pushed to the discharge port 16 position, and the second stage of decomposition is carried out according to the above method; at the same time, new piles are added to the space vacated by the feed port 14, and high-temperature fermentation is carried out to carry out continuous composting.

[0050] Example 3

[0051] This embodiment also provides a composting fermentation and decomposition method, which is implemented using the rapid composting fermentation and decomposition device of embodiment 1, see Figure 1 As shown, the fermentation box is placed in a greenhouse and close to one side of the greenhouse wall. The composting method comprises the following steps:

[0052] (1) After mixing compost raw materials with a water content of 55% evenly, the compost raw materials are loaded into the fermentation box 1 from the feed port 14 as the first batch of pile materials according to the filling ratio of 2 / 3, and the feed port door is closed. The multi-parameter environmental sensor is inserted into the pile materials in the fermentation box 1 through the detection hole 15, and the high-pressure blower 3 is started through the intelligent controller 4 for ventilation and oxygen supply to carry out the first stage of fermentation; the temperature of the first stage of high-temperature fermentation is 55° C., the oxygen concentration in the fermentation box is 12%, and it lasts for 14 days.

[0053] (2) After the first batch of piles in step (1) completes the first stage of fermentation, they are piled up at the discharge port 16. During the stacking process, fermentation-promoting bacteria are sprinkled on the pile: 1 kg of compost humifying bacteria, 0.1 kg of brown sugar, and 0.3 kg of urea are required for 1 ton of pile, and the second stage of decomposition is carried out; the decomposition temperature of this stage is 40° C. and the duration is 15 days, and it is ensured that the oxygen concentration in the fermentation box is not less than 7% (when the oxygen concentration in the pile at the discharge port 16 is lower than 7%, the multi-parameter environmental sensor inserted into the fermentation box 1 through the detection hole 15 will feed back this information to the intelligent controller 4, and the intelligent controller 4 will start the high-pressure blower 3 to blow air and supply oxygen to the pile through the second branch air outlet pipe 322), and a new second batch of piles is added from the feed port 14 to the fermentation box 1 to fill the vacated part of the first batch of piles for high-temperature fermentation.

[0054] (3) After the first batch of piles at the discharge port 16 of the fermentation box has completed decomposition, the discharge port door is opened to clean out the decomposed compost; then, the second batch of piles at the first stage of fermentation at the feed port 14 is pushed to the discharge port 16 position, and the second stage of decomposition is carried out according to the above method; at the same time, new piles are added to the space vacated by the feed port 14, and high-temperature fermentation is carried out to carry out continuous composting.

[0055] Example 4

[0056] This embodiment also provides a composting fermentation and decomposition method, which is implemented using the rapid composting fermentation and decomposition device of embodiment 1, see Figure 1 As shown, the fermentation box is placed in a greenhouse and close to one side of the greenhouse wall. The composting method comprises the following steps:

[0057] (1) After mixing compost raw materials with a water content of 70% evenly, the compost raw materials are loaded into the fermentation box 1 from the feed port 14 as the first batch of pile materials according to the filling ratio of 2 / 3, and the feed port door is closed. The multi-parameter environmental sensor is inserted into the pile materials in the fermentation box 1 through the detection hole 15, and the high-pressure blower 3 is started through the intelligent controller 4 for ventilation and oxygen supply to carry out the first stage of fermentation; the temperature of the first stage of high-temperature fermentation is 68° C., the oxygen concentration in the fermentation box is 16%, and it lasts for 12 days.

[0058] (2) After the first batch of piles in step (1) completes the first stage of fermentation, they are piled up at the discharge port 16. During the stacking process, fermentation-promoting bacteria are sprinkled on the pile: 1 kg of compost humifying bacteria, 0.1 kg of brown sugar, and 0.3 kg of urea are required for 1 ton of pile, and the second stage of decomposition is carried out; the decomposition temperature of this stage is 48° C. and the duration is 14 days, and it is ensured that the oxygen concentration in the fermentation box is not less than 7% (when the oxygen concentration in the pile at the discharge port 16 is lower than 7%, the multi-parameter environmental sensor inserted into the fermentation box 1 through the detection hole 15 will feed back this information to the intelligent controller 4, and the intelligent controller 4 will start the high-pressure blower 3 to blow air and supply oxygen to the pile through the second branch air outlet pipe 322), and a new second batch of piles is added from the feed port 14 to the fermentation box 1 to fill the vacated part of the first batch of piles for high-temperature fermentation.

[0059] (3) After the first batch of piles at the discharge port 16 of the fermentation box has completed decomposition, the discharge port door is opened to clean out the decomposed compost; then, the second batch of piles at the first stage of fermentation at the feed port 14 is pushed to the discharge port 16 position, and the second stage of decomposition is carried out according to the above method; at the same time, new piles are added to the space vacated by the feed port 14, and high-temperature fermentation is carried out to carry out continuous composting.

[0060] Comparative Example 1

[0061] The difference between this comparative example and the above-mentioned Example 2 is that this example uses a traditional flat-bottomed static fermentation box for composting, and the steps are as follows:

[0062] (1) After mixing compost raw materials with a water content of 65% evenly, the compost raw materials are placed in a traditional flat-bottomed static fermentation box as the first batch of materials according to a filling ratio of 2 / 3 for the first stage of fermentation; the temperature of the first stage of high temperature fermentation is 60° C., the oxygen concentration in the fermentation box is 14%, and it lasts for 13 days.

[0063] (2) After the first batch of piles in step (1) completes the first stage of fermentation, they are piled up at the discharge port of the flat-bottomed static fermentation box. During the stacking process, fermentation-promoting bacteria are sprinkled on the pile: 1 kg of compost humifying bacteria, 0.1 kg of brown sugar, and 0.3 kg of urea are mixed according to 1 ton of pile, and the second stage of decomposition is carried out; the decomposition temperature of this stage is 45° C., the duration is 14 days, and the oxygen concentration in the fermentation box is ensured to be not less than 7%; then new compost raw materials are added from the feed port into the flat-bottomed static fermentation box as the second batch of piles, which are loaded into the vacated area of ​​the first batch of piles for high-temperature fermentation.

[0064] (3) After the first batch of piles at the discharge port of the flat-bottomed static fermentation box has completed decomposition, the discharge port door is opened to clean out the decomposed compost; then, the second batch of piles at the first stage of fermentation at the feed inlet is pushed to the discharge port position for the second stage of decomposition.

[0065] The oxygen content in the composting space and the fertilizer agglomeration ratio in Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 were measured, and the results are as follows.

[0066] ① Test of oxygen content in compost at a height of 35 cm for both Example 2 and Comparative Example 1.

[0067] The bottom layer (0-70cm elevation) of the fermentation treatment equipment often has insufficient oxygen supply and insufficient fermentation of materials agglomeration, which seriously affects the maturity efficiency of the fermentation composting equipment. After the loader discharges the materials, the oxygen content of the composting space at a height of 35cm in Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 is measured. The average value is taken after repeating 3 times. The test results are as follows: Figure 6 As shown; it can be seen from the figure: the oxygen content of the bottom composting space of Example 2 (A in the figure) is 13.27%, and the oxygen content of the bottom composting space of Comparative Example 1 (B in the figure) is 5.03%. The oxygen content of the bottom composting space of Example 2 is significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 1, which shows that when the rapid composting fermentation and decomposition device provided by the present invention is used to ferment and decompose agricultural waste, its oxygen content is significantly better than that of the existing traditional flat-bottom fermentation box, which is helpful to improve the decomposition effect of the pile.

[0068] ② Test on the compost agglomeration ratio of Example 2 and Comparative Example 1.

[0069] Compost agglomeration is caused by insufficient oxygen supply, which makes it impossible for the material to ferment at high temperature and expel water vapor, resulting in the compost agglomerating and failing to mature. The compost agglomeration ratio can reflect the compost production efficiency under different composting methods and oxygen supply levels. The test results of the compost agglomeration ratio of Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 are as follows: Figure 7 As shown in the figure, it can be seen that the average agglomeration ratio of the compost under the decomposition treatment of Example 2 (B in the figure) is 3.47%, and the average agglomeration ratio of the compost under the decomposition treatment of Comparative Example 1 (A in the figure) is 19.33%. The average agglomeration ratio of the compost in Example 2 is significantly lower than that in Comparative Example 1, which indicates that the decomposition effect and efficiency of the rapid compost fermentation and decomposition device provided by the present invention are significantly better than those of the existing traditional flat-bottom fermentation box.

[0070] ③ Test on the ammonia concentration in the exhaust gas of Example 2 and Comparative Example 1.

[0071] Under the same conditions, the ammonia concentration in the device can reflect the oxygen deficiency in the compost to a certain extent. The less oxygen supply there is, the higher the compost agglomeration rate is, and the more ammonia is emitted. The test results of Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 on the ammonia concentration emitted by different treatments are as follows: Figure 8 As shown in the figure, it can be seen that the average ammonia concentration in the exhaust gas under the composting treatment of Example 2 (B in the figure) is 7.17 ppm.

[0072] The average ammonia concentration in the exhaust gas of Comparative Example 1 (A in the figure) is 48.67 ppm, and the difference between the two values ​​is 41.50 ppm. The ammonia concentration of Example 2 is significantly lower than that of Comparative Example 1 (P < 0.01). This shows that the ammonia concentration in the exhaust gas of the rapid composting fermentation and decomposition device provided by the present invention is significantly better than that of the existing traditional flat-bottom fermentation box, which lays a necessary foundation for the subsequent photosynthetic utilization of fermentation gas by plants.

[0073] Comparative Example 2

[0074] The difference between this comparative example and the above-mentioned Example 2 is that the composting process adopted in this comparative example is different (the fermentation maturity parameters of the comparative example 2 are less than those of the Example 2), and the specific steps are as follows:

[0075] (1) After mixing compost raw materials with a water content of 65% evenly, the compost raw materials are loaded into the fermentation box 1 from the feed port 14 as the first batch of pile materials according to the filling ratio of 2 / 3, and the feed port door is closed. The multi-parameter environmental sensor is inserted into the pile materials in the fermentation box 1 through the detection hole 15, and the high-pressure blower 3 is started through the intelligent controller 4 for ventilation and oxygen supply to carry out the first stage of fermentation; the temperature of the first stage of high-temperature fermentation is 52° C., the oxygen concentration in the fermentation box is 11%, and it lasts for 11 days.

[0076] (2) After the first batch of piles in step (1) completes the first stage of fermentation, they are piled up at the discharge port 16. During the stacking process, fermentation-promoting bacteria are sprinkled on the pile: 1 kg of compost humifying bacteria, 0.1 kg of brown sugar, and 0.3 kg of urea are required for 1 ton of pile, and the second stage of decomposition is carried out; the temperature of this stage of decomposition is 38° C., the duration is 13 days, and the oxygen concentration in the fermentation box is ensured to be 5% (when the oxygen concentration in the pile at the discharge port 16 is lower than 5%, the multi-parameter environmental sensor inserted into the fermentation box 1 through the detection hole 15 will feed back this information to the intelligent controller 4, and the intelligent controller 4 will start the high-pressure blower 3 to blow air and supply oxygen to the pile through the second branch air outlet pipe 322), and a new second batch of piles is added from the feed port 14 to the fermentation box 1 and filled into the vacated part of the first batch of piles for high-temperature fermentation.

[0077] (3) After the first batch of piles at the discharge port 16 of the fermentation box has completed decomposition, the discharge port door is opened to clean out the decomposed compost; then, the second batch of piles at the first stage of fermentation at the feed port 14 is pushed to the discharge port 16 position, and the second stage of decomposition is carried out according to the above method; at the same time, new piles are added to the space vacated by the feed port 14, and high-temperature fermentation is carried out to carry out continuous composting.

[0078] Determine the humus content in Example 2 and Comparative Example 2, and the test results are as follows Fig. 9 As shown; it can be seen from the figure: the average humus content of the compost of Example 2 is 34.27 / kg, the average humus content of the compost of Comparative Example 2 is 31.73g / kg, the average humus content of the compost of Example 2 is 7.98% higher than that of Comparative Example 2, and the average humus content of the compost of Example 2 is significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 2; this is because the composting temperature of Example 2 is higher than that of Comparative Example 2 within the suitable composting temperature range, and the microbial activity is more active. At the same time, the temperature of Example 2 is suitable, which can avoid the mineralization of the material and reduce the generation of humic acid precursors, so that the fermentation decomposition of the material and the synthesis of humus can be taken into account; therefore, the humus index of the compost using the temperature control process of Example 2 is significantly better than that of Comparative Example 2.

[0079] Comparative Example 3

[0080] The difference between this comparative example and the above-mentioned Example 2 is that the composting process adopted in this comparative example is different (the fermentation maturity parameters of the comparative example 2 are greater than those of the Example 2), and the specific steps are as follows:

[0081] (1) After mixing compost raw materials with a water content of 65% evenly, the compost raw materials are loaded into the fermentation box 1 from the feed port 14 as the first batch of pile materials according to the filling ratio of 2 / 3, and the feed port door is closed. The multi-parameter environmental sensor is inserted into the pile materials in the fermentation box 1 through the detection hole 15, and the high-pressure blower 3 is started through the intelligent controller 4 for ventilation and oxygen supply to carry out the first stage of fermentation; the temperature of the first stage of high-temperature fermentation is 70° C., the oxygen concentration in the fermentation box is 18%, and it lasts for 15 days.

[0082] (2) After the first batch of piles in step (1) completes the first stage of fermentation, they are piled up at the discharge port 16. During the stacking process, fermentation-promoting bacteria are sprinkled on the pile: 1 kg of compost humifying bacteria, 0.1 kg of brown sugar, and 0.3 kg of urea are required for 1 ton of pile, and the second stage of decomposition is carried out; the decomposition temperature of this stage is 50° C. and the duration is 16 days, and the oxygen concentration in the fermentation box is ensured to be 5% (when the oxygen concentration in the pile at the discharge port 16 is lower than 5%, the multi-parameter environmental sensor inserted into the fermentation box 1 through the detection hole 15 will feed back this information to the intelligent controller 4, and the intelligent controller 4 will start the high-pressure blower 3 to blow air and supply oxygen to the pile through the second branch air outlet pipe 322), and a new second batch of piles is added from the feed port 14 to the fermentation box 1 and filled into the vacated part of the first batch of piles for high-temperature fermentation.

[0083] (3) After the first batch of piles at the discharge port 16 of the fermentation box has completed decomposition, the discharge port door is opened to clean out the decomposed compost; then, the second batch of piles at the first stage of fermentation at the feed port 14 is pushed to the discharge port 16 position, and the second stage of decomposition is carried out according to the above method; at the same time, new piles are added to the space vacated by the feed port 14, and high-temperature fermentation is carried out to carry out continuous composting.

[0084] Determine the humus content in Example 2 and Comparative Example 3, and the test results are as follows Fig.10 As shown; it can be seen from the figure: the average humus content of the compost of Example 2 is 34.27 / kg, and the average humus content of the compost of Comparative Example 3 is 28.7g / kg, and the difference between the treatments is significant (P<0.05); it can be seen that the humus index of the compost of Example 2 is significantly better than that of Comparative Example 3; this is because although the composting temperature of Comparative Example 2 is higher than the composting temperature of Example 2, which promotes the activity of microorganisms, it also accelerates the mineralization of humic acid precursors during the degradation of materials. Only a suitable composting temperature is conducive to reducing the mineralization of materials and promoting the synthesis of humus.

[0085] Comparative Example 4

[0086] In the greenhouse test of radish under the same conditions, one group was: a greenhouse equipped with the rapid composting fermentation and decomposition device of Example 1, and the composting fermentation and decomposition method of Example 2 was used, and the fermentation gas was introduced into the greenhouse after being filtered by a molecular membrane, referred to as the "gas-guiding treatment group"; the other group was: a traditional greenhouse without gas-guiding under the same production conditions, referred to as the "control group"; the fresh weight of a single radish under the two treatment groups was measured, and the test results were as follows: Fig.11As shown; it can be seen from the figure: the average fresh weight of radish per plant in the gas-conducting treatment group is 0.17g (A in the figure), while the average fresh weight of radish per plant in the control group is 0.02g (B in the figure), and the fresh weight of radish per plant in the gas-conducting treatment group is significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01); it can be seen that the greenhouse crop growth index of the gas-conducting treatment group is significantly better than that of the control group; this is because: on the one hand, when the device provided by the present invention is used for composting fermentation, the oxygen supply in the fermentation box is uniform, the anaerobic fermentation area can be effectively eliminated, and the concentration of ammonia in the fermentation gas is greatly reduced (as can be seen from the analysis in ③ in the above-mentioned comparative example 1), and a very small amount of ammonia has no effect on crop growth; on the other hand, after the carbon dioxide in the fermentation gas is introduced into the greenhouse through the gas-conducting pipeline, it can be used as gas fertilizer to synthesize photosynthetic products for greenhouse crops, effectively solving the production problem of inhibiting the synthesis of photosynthetic products due to insufficient carbon dioxide supply in the closed space of the greenhouse, and greatly improving the crop yield.

[0087] The above is a detailed introduction to a rapid composting and decomposing device and a composting method disclosed in the present invention. Specific examples are used in this article to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the principle of the present invention, the present invention can also be improved and modified, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapid composting fermentation device, characterized in that: The composting device comprises a fermentation box (1), the top of the fermentation box (1) is provided with a closed box cover, and the top of the box cover is connected to a fermentation gas outlet device; a first inclined bottom plate (17) and a second inclined bottom plate (18) are fixedly arranged at the bottom of the fermentation box (1), a grid plate (19) is fixedly connected between the first inclined bottom plate (17) and the second inclined bottom plate (18), and a leachate recovery device for collecting leachate of pile materials in the fermentation box (1) is arranged directly below the grid plate (19); and a gas supply device is also arranged on one side of the fermentation box (1).

2. A rapid composting fermentation and decomposition device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle between the upper surface of the first inclined bottom plate (17) and the horizontal plane is 15°, the angle between the upper surface of the second inclined bottom plate (18) and the horizontal plane is 30°, and the length ratio of the bottom surfaces of the first inclined bottom plate (17), the grid plate (19) and the second inclined plate (18) is 5:1:

2.

3. A rapid composting fermentation and decomposition device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The box cover comprises a front lighting panel (11), a rear heat-insulating panel (12) and a top panel (13), wherein the top panel (13) is fixedly arranged between the lighting panel (11) and the rear heat-insulating panel (12); the fermentation gas outlet device comprises an air guide pipe (132), one end of which is arranged at the central part of the top panel (13) and is connected thereto, and a molecular membrane (131) is provided at the connecting part of the two for intercepting odors such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in the fermentation gas; an air outlet pipe (133) and a condensation liquid pipe (134) are provided at the lower part of the other end of the air guide pipe (132), one end of which is extended into a liquid collection barrel (135) for facilitating the collection of water vapor after condensation, and the air outlet pipe (133) is used to discharge the carbon dioxide gas filtered by the molecular membrane (131) into the greenhouse for use as gas fertilizer for crop photosynthesis.

4. A rapid composting fermentation and decomposition device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The leachate recovery device comprises a leachate tank (2), a sewage pump (21) is installed in the leachate tank (2), the water outlet of the sewage pump (21) is connected to a water delivery pipe (22), the water delivery pipe (22) penetrates from the upper part of one side of the fermentation tank (1) and extends to the inside of the fermentation tank (1) for transporting the leachate collected in the leachate tank (2) to the fermentation tank (1) for recycling, thereby avoiding the discharge of the leachate; a liquid level sensor for monitoring the liquid level in the leachate tank (2) is also installed in the leachate tank (2), and the liquid sensor and the sewage pump (21) are both connected to the intelligent controller (4).

5. A rapid composting fermentation and decomposition device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The air supply device comprises a high-pressure blower (3), and the high-pressure blower (3) is connected to the intelligent controller (4); the air inlet of the high-pressure blower (3) is provided with a first air inlet pipe (31) and a second air inlet pipe (33), the first air inlet pipe (31) penetrates from the upper part of one side of the fermentation box (1) and extends to the inside of the fermentation box (1), and the first air inlet pipe (31) and the second air inlet pipe (33) are both provided with a switch valve for controlling the on and off of the air flow; the air outlet of the high-pressure blower (3) is connected to a three-way air outlet pipe (32) The main air outlet pipe of the three-way air outlet pipe (32) penetrates the side wall of the leachate tank (2) and extends into the inside of the leachate tank (2); the first branch air outlet pipe (321) of the three-way air outlet pipe (32) penetrates into the leachate tank (2) close to the bottom; the second branch air outlet pipe (322) of the three-way air outlet pipe (32) penetrates the bottom of the fermentation box (1) and extends into the inside of the fermentation box (1); the first branch air outlet pipe (321) and the second branch air outlet pipe (322) are both provided with switch valves for controlling the on and off of airflow.

6. A rapid composting fermentation and decomposition device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation box (1) has a feed inlet (14) on one side wall and a discharge outlet (16) on the other symmetrical side wall; and detection holes (15) are provided on both side walls so that during pile fermentation, a multi-parameter environmental sensor can be inserted into the fermentation box (1) through the detection hole (15) to detect the oxygen concentration, temperature or humidity inside the fermentation box (1) in real time; the parameter environmental sensor is connected to an intelligent controller (4).

7. A compost fermentation method, characterized in that: The rapid composting fermentation and decomposition device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is used to achieve the composting decomposition method, which comprises the following steps: (1) After mixing compost raw materials with a water content of 60% to 70% evenly, the compost raw materials are loaded into the fermentation box as the first batch of materials from the feed inlet according to a filling ratio of 2 / 3, and ventilation and oxygen supply are performed to carry out the first stage of fermentation; (2) After the first batch of pile materials in step (1) completes the first stage of fermentation, the pile materials are piled up at the discharge port, and during the pile-up process, fermentation-promoting bacteria are sprinkled on the pile materials to carry out the second stage of ripening; at the same time, new compost raw materials are added from the feed port into the fermentation box as the second batch of pile materials and loaded into the vacated area of ​​the first batch of pile materials for high temperature fermentation; (3) After the first batch of piles at the discharge port of the fermentation box has completed decomposition, the discharge port door is opened to clean out the decomposed compost; then, the second batch of piles at the first stage of fermentation at the feed port is pushed to the discharge port position for the second stage of decomposition; at the same time, new piles are added to the space vacated by the feed port for high-temperature fermentation; according to this method, a cyclic alternating production mode is formed in sequence.

8. A compost fermentation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The high-temperature fermentation temperature of the first stage fermentation is 55-68°C and lasts for 12-14 days, or when the compost temperature is >55°C and the cumulative daily temperature reaches 80°C, it lasts for 10-14 days; the temperature of the second stage composting is 40-48°C and lasts for 14-15 days.

9. A compost fermentation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: During the first stage of fermentation, the oxygen concentration in the fermentation box is 12-16%; during the second stage of decomposition, the oxygen concentration in the fermentation box is not less than 7%.

10. The compost fermentation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The ingredients of the fermentation-promoting decay-promoting bacteria material are: 1 kg of compost humification bacteria agent, 0.1 kg of brown sugar, and 0.3 kg of urea, which is the fermentation-promoting decay-promoting bacteria material required for 1 ton of pile; the compost humification bacteria agent is 1.0×10 8 The rope-shaped blue bacteria with a cfu / g content has been registered in the General Microbiological Center of China Culture Collection Administration with the number CGMCC NO:21421.

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