High-survival-rate seedling raising method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of biological seedling culture, and particularly relates to a seedling culture method with high survival rate, which comprises the following steps: collecting agricultural wastes such as rice husk, wheat straw, corn straw and the like, performing crushing and fermentation primary treatment, performing disinfection treatment on the treated agricultural wastes, and killing pathogenic microorganisms and pests in the agricultural wastes; a proper amount of wood chips, coco coir, compost and other biomass materials are selected, the prepared agricultural waste and biomass materials are mixed according to a certain proportion, then beneficial microorganisms and natural organic additives are added, the mixed substrate is subjected to stacking fermentation, and finally the substrate is used for the seedling raising process of nursery stocks. The air permeability and the water-retaining property of the substrate can ensure healthy growth of seedling root systems, and stable nutrition supply is provided. The fertility, the air permeability and the biological activity of the substrate are optimized, the survival rate and the growth speed of seedlings are remarkably increased, and the seedling raising period is shortened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of biological seedling cultivation, and in particular relates to a seedling cultivation method with a high survival rate of seedlings. Background Art

[0002] In the process of seedling cultivation, the selection and quality of the substrate directly affect the growth and survival rate of the seedlings. The substrate is the main environment for the growth of the seedling root system. It should be free of diseases, pests and weed seeds to prevent the spread of diseases and weed competition. In addition, the appropriate substrate should contain the nutrients required for the growth of seedlings to ensure that the seedlings obtain sufficient nutrients in the early stages. Moreover, the substrate should have good water retention and air permeability, maintain appropriate moisture content, and allow air circulation to promote root respiration. At the same time, the substrate should have a certain structural stability to avoid collapse due to watering or other external forces, which will affect the growth of the root system. Finally, different seedlings have different requirements for soil pH. Choosing an appropriate substrate pH value can ensure that the seedlings absorb nutrients better.

[0003] Traditional substrates are mostly inorganic materials or ordinary organic materials, which have problems such as insufficient fertility, poor air permeability, low degradability and great impact on the environment.

[0004] In order to solve these problems, it is urgent to develop a new type of biological organic matrix that utilizes renewable agricultural waste and biomass materials to not only improve soil fertility and air permeability, but also add beneficial microorganisms to enhance the resistance of seedlings to diseases and pests, while ensuring that the matrix has good degradability and environmental protection. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for raising seedlings with a high survival rate of seedlings, by utilizing agricultural waste and biomass materials, improving the fertility and air permeability of the matrix, adding beneficial microorganisms, enhancing the resistance of seedlings to diseases and pests, and ensuring that the matrix is ​​degradable and environmentally friendly.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for raising seedlings with a high survival rate of seedlings, comprising the following steps:

[0007] 1. Collect agricultural waste such as rice husks, wheat straw, and corn stalks, and carry out preliminary treatment, such as crushing and fermentation. Agricultural waste such as rice husks and wheat straw are rich in cellulose and lignin, which can provide a good matrix structure and improve the air permeability and water holding capacity of the matrix. In the preliminary treatment process, mechanical crushing and natural fermentation can be used to reduce the volume of the waste and make it loose, which is conducive to subsequent mixing and fermentation treatment.

[0008] 2. Disinfect the above-mentioned treated agricultural waste to kill the pathogenic microorganisms and pests therein, improve its safety and effectiveness as a plant culture matrix, and avoid the proliferation of bacteria and microorganisms and the erosion of nutrients when nutrients are provided later.

[0009] The specific method is: put the agricultural waste into a closed container or steam sterilizer. Use a steam generator to introduce steam into the container and maintain the temperature between 100-120℃. Continue steam treatment for 30 minutes to 1 hour to ensure that the core temperature of the waste reaches the sterilization requirements.

[0010] 3. Select appropriate amounts of biomass materials such as sawdust, coconut bran, and compost to ensure that their quality meets the standards. Biomass materials such as sawdust and coconut bran have good water retention and air permeability, which can improve the structural stability of the matrix. Compost is rich in organic matter and nutrients, which can provide nutrients needed for plant growth. The selection of biomass materials should ensure that they are pollution-free and free of harmful substances.

[0011] 4. Mix the prepared agricultural waste and biomass materials in a certain proportion. The specific proportion can be adjusted according to the growth requirements of different seedlings, with agricultural waste accounting for 50-60% and biomass materials accounting for 30-40%. This proportion can ensure that the matrix has good structural stability and nutrient supply capacity.

[0012] 5. Add appropriate amounts of beneficial microorganisms and natural organic additives. Beneficial microorganisms include nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-soluble bacteria, potassium-soluble bacteria and disease-resistant bacteria. These microorganisms can decompose organic matter in the matrix, release nutrients, promote plant root growth, and enhance the plant's ability to resist diseases and pests. Natural organic additives such as humic acid and seaweed extracts can improve the fertility and biological activity of the matrix and promote the healthy growth of seedlings.

[0013] 6. The mixed substrate is piled up for fermentation, and the fermentation time is usually 2-4 weeks. During the fermentation process, it is necessary to maintain appropriate temperature, humidity and ventilation conditions to ensure the activity of microorganisms and the maturity of the substrate.

[0014] The temperature during the fermentation process should be controlled between 45-55℃, the humidity should be maintained at 40-60%, and the pile should be turned regularly to ensure uniform fermentation of the substrate. Through fermentation, harmful substances in the substrate can be degraded and the fertility and air permeability of the substrate can be improved.

[0015] 7. Use the fermented biological organic matrix for the seedling raising process. Fill the matrix into the seedling raising container and plant the seedlings or seedlings. Maintain appropriate watering and lighting conditions to promote the growth and survival of the seedlings. The air permeability and water retention of the matrix can ensure the healthy growth of the seedling root system and provide a stable supply of nutrients.

[0016] Furthermore, during the seedling raising process, an adjustable LED light source is configured to simulate the spectral distribution of natural light and provide uniform and stable lighting conditions.

[0017] According to the data from the light sensor, the light intensity and lighting time are dynamically adjusted to promote the photosynthesis of seedlings.

[0018] Furthermore, a high-efficiency air purification device is configured to remove harmful substances in the air and ensure fresh air in the seedling environment. The filter element of the air purification device is replaced regularly to maintain a good air purification effect.

[0019] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0020] 1. The high survival rate seedling raising method disclosed in the present invention significantly improves the survival rate and growth rate of seedlings and shortens the seedling raising period by innovatively optimizing the fertility, air permeability and biological activity of the matrix. The good matrix structure and sufficient nutrient supply enable the seedlings to have a well-developed root system and grow robustly, thereby improving the disease and insect pest resistance and transplant survival rate of the seedlings;

[0021] 2. The present invention adds beneficial microorganisms to enhance the resistance of seedlings to diseases and insect pests, reduce the use of chemical pesticides, and promote the healthy growth of seedlings. Beneficial microorganisms can decompose organic matter, release nutrients required for plant growth, and inhibit the reproduction of harmful microorganisms, reducing the occurrence of diseases and insect pests;

[0022] 3. The present invention realizes the effective recycling of resources and reduces the pollution of the environment by agricultural waste by utilizing agricultural waste and biomass materials. The matrix adopts degradable materials, which reduces the cost of waste treatment and environmental pollution, realizes the efficient utilization and sustainable development of resources, and has good economic and social benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the principle of the method for raising seedlings with a high survival rate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, the implementation process of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0026] Step 1: Collect agricultural waste such as rice husks, wheat straw, and corn stalks, and carry out preliminary treatment such as crushing and fermentation. Agricultural waste such as rice husks and wheat straw are rich in cellulose and lignin, which can provide a good matrix structure and improve the air permeability and water holding capacity of the matrix. During the preliminary treatment, it can be quickly crushed by a knife disc crusher. During natural fermentation, a waterproof cloth with a film is laid in the container, and rice husks, wheat straw, and corn stalks are stacked in layers. After that, water is evenly sprinkled with a kettle, and the temperature of the compost pile rises rapidly to 55-65°C. In this stage, thermophilic microorganisms mainly decompose organic matter and kill pathogens and insect eggs. Ultimately, the volume of the waste is reduced and the texture becomes loose, which is conducive to subsequent mixing and fermentation treatment.

[0027] Step 2: Disinfect the treated agricultural waste to kill pathogenic microorganisms and pests, improve its safety and effectiveness as a plant culture medium, and avoid bacteria and microorganisms from multiplying and taking nutrients when providing nutrients in the later stage. High-temperature steam can effectively kill pathogenic microorganisms and pests. It will not introduce chemical pollution and is environmentally safe.

[0028] The specific method is: put the agricultural waste into a closed container or steam sterilizer. Use a steam generator to introduce steam into the container and maintain the temperature between 100-120℃. Continue steam treatment for 30 minutes to 1 hour to ensure that the core temperature of the waste reaches the sterilization requirements.

[0029] Step 3: Choose the right amount of biomass materials such as sawdust, coconut bran, and compost. Biomass materials such as sawdust and coconut bran have good water retention and air permeability, which can improve the structural stability of the matrix. Compost is rich in organic matter and nutrients, which can provide nutrients needed for plant growth. The selection of biomass materials should ensure that they are pollution-free and free of harmful substances.

[0030] Step 4: Mix the prepared agricultural waste and biomass materials in a certain proportion, and then add beneficial microorganisms and natural organic additives. The specific proportion can be adjusted according to the growth needs of different seedlings, with agricultural waste accounting for 50-60 parts by mass, biomass materials 30-40 parts by mass, and beneficial microorganisms and natural organic additives 5-10 parts by mass. Beneficial microorganisms include nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-soluble bacteria, potassium-soluble bacteria and disease-resistant bacteria, etc. These microorganisms can decompose organic matter in the matrix, release nutrients, promote plant root growth, and enhance the plant's ability to resist diseases and pests. Natural organic additives such as humic acid, seaweed extracts, etc. can improve the fertility and biological activity of the matrix and promote the healthy growth of seedlings.

[0031] Step 5: The mixed substrate is piled up for fermentation, which usually takes 2-4 weeks. During the fermentation process, it is necessary to maintain appropriate temperature, humidity and ventilation conditions to ensure the activity of microorganisms and the maturity of the substrate.

[0032] The temperature during the fermentation process should be controlled between 45-55℃, the humidity should be maintained at 40-60%, and the pile should be turned regularly to ensure uniform fermentation of the substrate. Through fermentation, harmful substances in the substrate can be degraded and the fertility and air permeability of the substrate can be improved.

[0033] Step 6: Use the fermented bio-organic matrix for the seedling raising process. Fill the matrix into the seedling raising container and plant the seedlings or seedlings. Maintain appropriate watering and lighting conditions to promote the growth and survival of the seedlings. The air permeability and water retention of the matrix can ensure the healthy growth of the seedling root system and provide a stable supply of nutrients.

[0034] Furthermore, during the seedling raising process, an adjustable LED light source is configured to simulate the spectral distribution of natural light and provide uniform and stable lighting conditions.

[0035] Configure a full-spectrum light sensor to monitor the intensity and wavelength distribution of natural light and artificial light sources. According to the data from the light sensor, dynamically adjust the light intensity and lighting time to promote photosynthesis of seedlings.

[0036] Furthermore, a high-efficiency air purification device is configured to remove harmful substances in the air and ensure fresh air in the seedling environment. The filter element of the air purification device is replaced regularly to maintain a good air purification effect.

[0037] Working principle of the present invention:

[0038] The present invention utilizes agricultural waste and biomass materials, and by utilizing agricultural waste and biomass materials rich in cellulose and organic matter, significantly improves the fertility and air permeability of the substrate, reduces the impact on the environment, and realizes the effective recycling of resources. Beneficial microorganisms such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-soluble bacteria, potassium-soluble bacteria, and disease-resistant bacteria are added to enhance the biological activity of the substrate, improve the nutrient absorption and disease and insect pest resistance of the seedlings, and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

[0039] The present invention selects natural organic additives such as humic acid and seaweed extract to further enhance the fertility and biological activity of the matrix and promote the healthy growth of seedlings. The matrix uses degradable agricultural waste and biomass materials, meets environmental protection requirements, and can be gradually degraded in the natural environment to reduce pollution to the environment.

[0040] The present invention is equipped with a multifunctional air quality sensor to monitor carbon dioxide, oxygen, volatile organic compounds (VOC) and particulate matter, etc., to ensure that the air in the seedling raising environment is fresh and free of harmful substances.

[0041] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the above implementation is only to illustrate the technical concept and features of the present invention, and its purpose is to enable people familiar with this technology to understand the content of the present invention and implement it, and it cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for raising seedlings with a high survival rate of seedlings, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Collect agricultural waste including rice husk, wheat straw and corn stalk, and carry out preliminary treatment of crushing and fermentation to reduce the volume of the waste and make it loose, which is conducive to subsequent mixing and fermentation treatment; S2. sterilizing the treated agricultural waste by high-temperature steam to kill pathogenic microorganisms and pests therein, placing the agricultural waste in a sealed container or a steam sterilizer, using a steam generator to introduce steam into the container, maintaining the temperature between 100-120° C., and continuing the steam treatment for 30 minutes to 1 hour; S3. Select biomass materials including sawdust, coconut bran and compost, mix them with the above agricultural wastes, beneficial microorganisms and natural organic additives, The prepared agricultural waste and biomass materials are mixed in a certain proportion, and then beneficial microorganisms and natural organic additives are added. The specific proportion is adjusted according to the growth requirements of different seedlings, with agricultural waste accounting for 50-60 parts by weight, biomass materials accounting for 30-40 parts by weight, and beneficial microorganisms and natural organic additives accounting for 5-10 parts by weight; S4. The mixed substrate is piled for fermentation for 2-4 weeks; the temperature during the fermentation process is controlled between 45-55°C, the humidity is maintained at 40-60%, and the pile is turned regularly to ensure uniform fermentation of the substrate, ensure the activity of microorganisms and the maturity of the substrate, degrade harmful substances in the substrate, and improve the fertility and air permeability of the substrate; S5. Fill the fermented biological organic matrix into the seedling container, plant the seedlings or seedlings, maintain appropriate watering and lighting conditions, and promote the growth and survival of the seedlings.

2. The method for raising seedlings with a high survival rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, agricultural waste is quickly crushed by a disc crusher; when the agricultural waste is naturally fermented, a waterproof cloth with a film is laid in the container, and rice husks, wheat straw, and corn stalks are stacked in layers. Then, water is evenly sprinkled using a kettle, and organic matter is decomposed by thermophilic microorganisms to kill pathogens and insect eggs.

3. The method for raising seedlings with a high survival rate of seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the beneficial microbial community includes nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-soluble bacteria, potassium-soluble bacteria and disease-resistant bacteria. The microorganisms decompose the organic matter in the matrix, release nutrients, promote the growth of plant roots, and enhance the plant's ability to resist diseases and pests. Natural organic additives include humic acid and seaweed extracts, which improve the fertility and biological activity of the matrix and promote the healthy growth of seedlings.

4. The method for raising seedlings with a high survival rate of seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, during the seedling cultivation process, an adjustable LED light source is configured to simulate the spectral distribution of natural light and provide uniform and stable lighting conditions. A full-spectrum light sensor is configured to monitor the intensity and wavelength distribution of natural light and artificial light sources. According to the data from the light sensor, the light intensity and light time are dynamically adjusted to promote photosynthesis of seedlings.

5. The method for raising seedlings with a high survival rate of seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, configure a high-efficiency air purification device to remove harmful substances in the air and ensure that the air in the seedling environment is fresh. Regularly replace the filter element of the air purification device to maintain a good air purification effect.

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