High-energy liquid fuel suitable for high-altitude environment and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a high-energy liquid fuel suitable for a high-altitude environment and a preparation method of the high-energy liquid fuel. The high-energy liquid fuel comprises the following components: 15-55 wt% of chain ether; 5 to 75 wt% of an alkylene oxide; and 10-40 wt% of an organic aluminum compound. According to the invention, the organic aluminum compound can be well dissolved in chain ether and alkylene oxide, can effectively prolong the preservation time, can be stored for a long time under the condition of air isolation without sedimentation, aggregation or deterioration, and has good storage stability; and the organic aluminum compound has relatively low detonation energy and relatively high combustion energy, so that the detonation temperature of the high-energy liquid fuel is ensured. Therefore, the high-energy liquid fuel provided by the invention has the advantages that the stability and the combustion performance are well balanced, the burning and explosion rate of the high-energy liquid fuel can be improved in a plain area, and the energy of the high-energy liquid fuel can be better exerted; in a high-altitude area, the detonation effect in a high-altitude oxygen-deficient environment can be enhanced, and the detonation performance of high-energy liquid fuel is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of fuel technology, and in particular to a high-energy liquid fuel suitable for high-altitude environments and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] High-energy liquid fuel is a liquid fuel with development prospects. Its detonation energy is much higher than the energy released by the same mass of explosives. It is mainly achieved by throwing the fuel into the air, atomizing the fuel droplets and fully mixing with the air to form a cloud, and then using a secondary fuze to implement strong detonation, detonating the cloud containing the fuel droplets, and using high temperature, high pressure and strong shock waves to damage the target; and the shock waves are reflected and superimposed between the walls, and the overpressure value is much higher than that of the open space. However, in plateau areas, due to insufficient oxygen content, the explosive power of high-energy liquid fuel in high-altitude areas is severely limited. In order to increase the temperature of high-energy liquid fuel during detonation and enhance its killing ability against soft targets, the existing technology generally adds aluminum powder to the fuel to increase the detonation temperature, but the metal aluminum powder will settle during storage, which greatly affects the stability of high-energy liquid weapons during storage and use. At the same time, due to the lack of oxygen in the plateau environment, the high-energy liquid fuel is not fully burned, which further makes its detonation effect poor in high-altitude areas. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a high-energy liquid fuel suitable for high-altitude environments and a preparation method thereof. The high-energy liquid fuel provided by the present invention has excellent stability and combustion performance. In plain areas, the combustion rate of high-energy liquid fuel can be increased to better exert the energy of high-energy liquid fuel; in plateau areas, the detonation effect in high-altitude oxygen-deficient environments can be enhanced to improve the combustion performance of high-energy liquid fuel.

[0004] The present invention provides a high-energy liquid fuel suitable for use in high-altitude environments, which does not contain a secondary detonator and includes the following components in percentage:

[0005] 15-55wt% chain ether;

[0006] 5-75 wt% alkylene oxide;

[0007] 10-40 wt% of an organoaluminum compound.

[0008] Preferably, the organoaluminum compound includes one or more of trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, triisopropylaluminum, diisopropylaluminum hydride, diisobutylaluminum hydride and tris(dimethylamino)aluminum dimer.

[0009] Preferably, the organoaluminum compound is triethylaluminum.

[0010] Preferably, the chain ether includes one or more of methyl ethyl ether, ethyl ether, isopropyl ether, isobutyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, anisole, 2-methoxyfuran, 3-methoxyfuran, 2,3-dimethoxyfuran, 2-methoxytetrahydrofuran, 3-methoxytetrahydrofuran, 2,3-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran and polymethoxydialkyl ether.

[0011] Preferably, the chain ether includes ethyl ether, isopropyl ether or polymethoxydialkyl ether.

[0012] Preferably, the methoxyl polymerization degree of the polymethoxy dialkyl ether is 1-20.

[0013] Preferably, the alkyl group in the polymethoxydialkyl ether is one or two of a saturated normal alkane having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, an isoalkane having 3 to 16 carbon atoms, and an aromatic substituted alkyl group.

[0014] Preferably, the alkylene oxide includes one or more of ethylene oxide, methylethylene oxide, dimethylpropylene oxide, propylene oxide, 2-methylpropylene oxide, 3-methylpropylene oxide, 2,3-dimethylpropylene oxide and butylene oxide.

[0015] The present invention provides a method for preparing a high-energy liquid fuel suitable for use in a high-altitude environment as described in the above technical solution, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0016] Mixing the chain ether and the alkylene oxide in a dry environment to obtain a premixed liquid;

[0017] The premixed liquid is mixed with an organic aluminum compound in a protective atmosphere to obtain the high-energy liquid fuel suitable for use in a high-altitude environment.

[0018] Preferably, the protective atmosphere is nitrogen.

[0019] The invention provides a high-energy liquid fuel suitable for high-altitude environments, which does not contain a secondary detonator and includes the following components in percentage: 15-55wt% of chain ether; 5-75wt% of alkylene oxide; 10-40wt% of organic aluminum compound. The invention provides a self-detonating high-energy liquid fuel suitable for high-altitude oxygen-deficient environments and can balance stability and detonation performance. Among them, an organic aluminum compound is used as a high-energy auxiliary agent to provide the detonation temperature. Compared with aluminum powder that is insoluble in hydrocarbon solvents, the organic aluminum compound shows efficient dissolution in the main fuel, is a transparent liquid soluble in hydrocarbon solvents, and has a long storage time in the liquid system formed by the main fuel chain ether and the oxygen-containing fuel epoxide. It can be stored for a long time without sedimentation, aggregation or deterioration under air-isolated conditions, and has good storage stability; and the organic aluminum compound has a lower detonation energy and a higher combustion energy. The combustion heat of the organic aluminum compound is greater than 40MJ / kg, which is higher than 29.7MJ / kg of ethylene oxide and 32.5MJ / kg of propylene oxide, ensuring the detonation temperature of the high-energy liquid fuel, and finally achieving a better balance between bombardment energy and storage stability. Moreover, the detonation method of the liquid high-energy liquid fuel provided by the present application is a single detonation. After the monomer of the fuel breaks and produces a cloud, the organic aluminum compound component can be quickly and naturally in the air without catalysis and physical induction, playing the role of self-induced detonation fuel.

[0020] Moreover, the present invention uses liquid chain ether and alkylene oxide as oxygen-containing fuel, which not only ensures the oxygen content of high-energy liquid fuel and enhances the bombardment effect in an oxygen-deficient environment, but also reduces the sedimentation or aggregation of ultrafine powder in organic fuel, further improving the stability of the fuel.

[0021] In summary, the high-energy liquid fuel provided by the present invention can increase the combustion and explosion rate in plain areas and better exert the energy of high-energy liquid fuel; in plateau areas, it can enhance the detonation effect in high-altitude oxygen-deficient environments and improve the combustion and explosion performance of high-energy liquid fuel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is the test result of the stability experiment 1 at 50℃ for 48 hours;

[0023] Figure 2 This is the test result of the stability experiment 1 at -40℃ for 48 hours;

[0024] Figure 3 This is the test result of the stability test 1 with constant temperature oscillation at 70℃ for 2 hours;

[0025] Figure 4 This is the test result of the stability experiment 1 with constant temperature oscillation at -55℃ for 2 hours;

[0026] Figure 5 This is the test result of stability experiment 2 at 50℃ for 48 hours;

[0027] Figure 6 This is the test result of the stability experiment 2 at -40℃ for 48 hours;

[0028] Figure 7 This is the test result of the stability experiment 2 with constant temperature oscillation at 70℃ for 2 hours;

[0029] Figure 8 This is the test result of the stability experiment 2 with constant temperature oscillation at -55℃ for 2 hours. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention provides a high-energy liquid fuel suitable for use in high-altitude environments, which does not contain a secondary detonator and includes the following components in percentage:

[0031] 15-55wt% chain ether;

[0032] 5-75 wt% alkylene oxide;

[0033] 10-40 wt% of an organoaluminum compound.

[0034] The high-energy liquid fuel suitable for high-altitude environment provided by the present invention comprises an organoaluminum compound with a percentage of 10-40wt%, which can be specifically 10, 13, 15, 20, 22, 25, 30, 35, 37 or 40wt% in the embodiments of the present invention. In the present invention, the organoaluminum compound preferably comprises one or more of trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, triisopropylaluminum, diisopropylaluminum hydride, diisobutylaluminum hydride and tri(dimethylamino)aluminum dimer, preferably triethylaluminum. In the present invention, the heat of combustion of the trimethylaluminum is 44.0MJ / kg, the heat of combustion of the triethylaluminum is 42.7MJ / kg, the heat of combustion of the tripropylaluminum is 45.5MJ / kg, the heat of combustion of the diisobutylaluminum hydride is 45.1MJ / kg, and the heat of combustion of the tri(dimethylamino)aluminum dimer is 41.9MJ / kg.

[0035] In the present invention, the organic aluminum compound can spontaneously combust in the air, so the liquid high-energy liquid fuel provided by the present invention does not need to add a secondary detonator.

[0036] The high-energy liquid fuel suitable for use in high-altitude environments provided by the present invention comprises 15-55wt% of chain ether, which may be specifically 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 or 55wt% in the embodiments of the present invention. In the present invention, the chain ether comprises one or more of methyl ethyl ether, ethyl ether, isopropyl ether, isobutyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, anisole, 2-methoxyfuran, 3-methoxyfuran, 2,3-dimethoxyfuran, 2-methoxytetrahydrofuran, 3-methoxytetrahydrofuran, 2,3-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran and polymethoxydialkyl ether, preferably ethyl ether, isopropyl ether or polymethoxydialkyl ether.

[0037] In the present invention, the methoxyl degree of polymerization of the polymethoxy dialkyl ether is preferably 1-20, and may be specifically 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20; when the methoxyl polymer is 1, the polymethoxy dialkyl ether is a monomethoxy dialkyl ether, when the methoxyl degree of polymerization is 2, the polymethoxy dialkyl ether is a dimer methoxy dialkyl ether, and when the methoxyl degree of polymerization is greater than 2, the polymethoxy dialkyl ether is a polymethoxy dialkyl ether. In the present invention, the alkyl group in the polymethoxy dialkyl ether is preferably a saturated normal alkane with 1-16 carbon atoms (such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl), an isomeric alkane with 3-16 carbon atoms (such as isopropyl, 2-methylpropyl, tert-butyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-isopropylhexyl, 2,3,3,4-tetramethylheptyl), one or two of an aromatic substituted alkyl group, preferably methyl, ethyl, 2-methylphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 4-isopropylphenyl, 4-tert-butylphenyl. In the present invention, the chain ether can be a pure substance of the above-mentioned polymethoxy dialkyl ether, or a mixture of multiple polymethoxy dialkyl ethers. In an embodiment of the present invention, the chain ether can be specifically a monopolymethoxy dimethyl ether, a dimerization methoxy dimethyl ether or a dimerization methoxy di(2-methylpropyl) ether.

[0038] The high-energy liquid fuel suitable for use in high-altitude environments provided by the present invention comprises 5-75wt% of alkylene oxide, which may be specifically 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70 or 75wt% in the embodiments of the present invention. In the present invention, the alkylene oxide preferably comprises one or more of ethylene oxide, methyl ethylene oxide, dimethyl propylene oxide, propylene oxide, 2-methyl propylene oxide, 3-methyl propylene oxide, 2,3-dimethyl propylene oxide and butylene oxide; in the embodiments of the present invention, it may be specifically ethylene oxide, methyl ethylene oxide, dimethyl propylene oxide or propylene oxide.

[0039] In the present invention, when the chain ether is a polymethoxydialkyl ether, the high-energy liquid fuel suitable for use in a high-altitude environment provided by the present invention preferably comprises the following components in percentage:

[0040] 15-25wt% polymethoxydialkyl ether;

[0041] 35-70wt% alkylene oxide;

[0042] 10-40 wt% of an organoaluminum compound.

[0043] In an embodiment of the present invention, the percentage of the polymethoxy dialkyl ether in the high-energy liquid fuel suitable for use in a high-altitude environment may specifically be 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 or 25 wt %;

[0044] In an embodiment of the present invention, the percentage of the alkylene oxide in the high-energy liquid fuel suitable for high-altitude environments may be specifically 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65 or 70 wt %;

[0045] In an embodiment of the present invention, the content percentage of the organoaluminum compound in the high-energy liquid fuel suitable for use in a high-altitude environment may specifically be 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 or 40 wt %.

[0046] In the present invention, the chain ether and alkylene oxide can provide part of the oxygen required for combustion, and the organoaluminum compound mainly provides high-energy combustion heat.

[0047] The present invention provides a method for preparing a high-energy liquid fuel suitable for use in a high-altitude environment as described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0048] Mixing the chain ether and the alkylene oxide in a dry environment to obtain a premixed liquid;

[0049] The premixed liquid is mixed with an organic aluminum compound in a protective atmosphere to obtain the high-energy liquid fuel suitable for use in a high-altitude environment.

[0050] The present invention mixes the chain ether and the alkylene oxide in a dry environment to obtain a premixed liquid. The present invention has no special restrictions on the dry environment, and the moisture in the environment can be removed by drying or the like.

[0051] After obtaining the premixed liquid, the present invention mixes the premixed liquid with an organic aluminum compound in a protective atmosphere to obtain the high-energy liquid fuel suitable for high-altitude environments. In the present invention, the protective atmosphere is preferably nitrogen to isolate oxygen.

[0052] In an embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method may be specifically as follows: adding chain ether and alkylene oxide into a dried quartz bottle, adding an organic aluminum compound under nitrogen protection to obtain a high-energy liquid fuel suitable for high-altitude environments, and sealing the quartz bottle.

[0053] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below.

[0054] It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other in the absence of conflict; and, based on the embodiments in the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making any creative work are within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0055] It should be noted that various aspects of the embodiments within the scope of the appended claims are described below. It should be apparent that the aspects described herein may be embodied in a wide variety of forms, and any specific structure and / or function described herein is merely illustrative. Based on the present disclosure, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that an aspect described herein may be implemented independently of any other aspect, and two or more of these aspects may be combined in various ways. For example, any number of aspects described herein may be used to implement the device and / or practice the method. In addition, other structures and / or functionalities other than one or more of the aspects described herein may be used to implement this device and / or practice this method.

[0056] The preparation method of the high-energy liquid fuel in the embodiment is: adding the chain ether and ethylene oxide into a dried quartz bottle, adding the organic aluminum compound under nitrogen protection, and sealing the quartz bottle.

[0057] Examples 1-4

[0058] According to the composition in Table 1, ether and ethylene oxide are mixed in a dry environment to obtain a premixed liquid; the obtained premixed liquid is mixed with triethylaluminum in a protective atmosphere to obtain a high-energy liquid fuel.

[0059] Embodiment 5-7

[0060] According to the composition in Table 2, isopropyl ether and methyl ethylene oxide are mixed in a dry environment to obtain a premixed liquid; the obtained premixed liquid is mixed with triethylaluminum in a protective atmosphere to obtain a high-energy liquid fuel.

[0061] Examples 8-10

[0062] According to the composition in Table 3, polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether and ethylene oxide are mixed in a dry environment to obtain a premixed liquid; the obtained premixed liquid is mixed with triethylaluminum in a protective atmosphere to obtain a high-energy liquid fuel.

[0063] Examples 11-17

[0064] According to the composition in Table 4, the chain ether and the alkylene oxide are mixed in a dry environment to obtain a premixed liquid; the obtained premixed liquid is mixed with triethylaluminum in a protective atmosphere to obtain a high-energy liquid fuel.

[0065] Performance Testing

[0066] 1. Stability test 1

[0067] Add 30.0 g (30 wt%) of ether and 40.0 g (40 wt%) of ethylene oxide to 500 ml of dried aluminum, add 30 g (30 wt%) of triethylaluminum under nitrogen protection, and seal the aluminum bottle with a quartz glass stopper with good light transmittance.

[0068] Three bottles of mixed solutions were prepared in parallel according to the above scheme, and the three bottles of mixed solutions were placed in a 50° C. thermostat for 48 hours to observe whether they were turbid, precipitated, sticky or stratified.

[0069] Three bottles of mixed solutions were prepared in parallel according to the above scheme, and the three bottles of mixed solutions were placed in a -40°C thermostat for 48 hours to observe whether they were turbid, precipitated, sticky or stratified.

[0070] Three bottles of mixed solution were prepared in parallel according to the above scheme. The three bottles of mixed solution were placed at a constant temperature of 70° C. and shaken on a shaker for 2 hours to observe whether they were turbid, precipitated, sticky or stratified.

[0071] Prepare three bottles of mixed solution in parallel according to the above scheme, place the three bottles of mixed solution at a constant temperature of -55°C, shake on a shaker for 2 hours, and observe whether they are turbid, sedimented, sticky or stratified.

[0072] 2. Stability test 2

[0073] 30.0 g (30 wt%) of isopropyl ether and 40.0 g (40 wt%) of methyl ethylene oxide were added into a 500 ml dried quartz bottle, and 30 g (30 wt%) of triethylaluminum was added under nitrogen protection, and the quartz bottle was sealed.

[0074] Three bottles of mixed solutions were prepared in parallel according to the above scheme, and the three bottles of mixed solutions were placed in a 50° C. thermostat for 48 hours to observe whether they were turbid, precipitated, sticky or stratified.

[0075] Three bottles of mixed solutions were prepared in parallel according to the above scheme, and the three bottles of mixed solutions were placed in a -40°C thermostat for 48 hours to observe whether they were turbid, precipitated, sticky or stratified.

[0076] Three bottles of mixed solution were prepared in parallel according to the above scheme. The three bottles of mixed solution were placed at a constant temperature of 70° C. and shaken on a shaker for 2 hours to observe whether they were turbid, precipitated, sticky or stratified.

[0077] Prepare three bottles of mixed solution in parallel according to the above scheme, place the three bottles of mixed solution at a constant temperature of -55°C, shake on a shaker for 2 hours, and observe whether they are turbid, sedimented, sticky or stratified.

[0078] 3. Stability test 3

[0079] 20.0 g (20 wt%) of polymethoxyalkyl ether and 60.0 g (60 wt%) of ethylene oxide were added into a 500 ml dried quartz bottle, and 20 g (20 wt%) of triethylaluminum was added under nitrogen protection, and the quartz bottle was sealed.

[0080] Three bottles of mixed solutions were prepared in parallel according to the above scheme, and the three bottles of mixed solutions were placed in a 50° C. thermostat for 48 hours to observe whether they were turbid, precipitated, sticky or stratified.

[0081] Three bottles of mixed solutions were prepared in parallel according to the above scheme, and the three bottles of mixed solutions were placed in a -40°C thermostat for 48 hours to observe whether they were turbid, precipitated, sticky or stratified.

[0082] Three bottles of mixed solution were prepared in parallel according to the above scheme. The three bottles of mixed solution were placed at a constant temperature of 70° C. and shaken on a shaker for 2 hours to observe whether they were turbid, precipitated, sticky or stratified.

[0083] Prepare three bottles of mixed solution in parallel according to the above scheme, place the three bottles of mixed solution at a constant temperature of -55°C, shake on a shaker for 2 hours, and observe whether they are turbid, sedimented, sticky or stratified.

[0084] In order to facilitate observation, the fuel sample in the stability test 2 was moved from the glove box to the sample bottle for photographing. The results of the stability test are shown in the figure below. Figure 1-8 As shown, the experiment confirmed that the mixed fuel did not show turbidity, sedimentation, stickiness or stratification at low temperature, high temperature and vibration, showing good stability.

[0085] 4. Combustion properties experiment

[0086] The high-energy liquid fuels obtained in Examples 1-17 were tested using the GJB5212-2004 test procedure. The results are shown in Tables 1-4.

[0087] Table 1. Composition and performance test results of fuels of Examples 1-4 of the present invention

[0088]

[0089] Table 2. Composition and performance test results of fuels of Examples 5-7

[0090]

[0091] Table 3. Composition and performance test results of fuels of Examples 8-10

[0092]

[0093]

[0094] Table 4. Composition and combustion properties of fuels of Examples 11-17

[0095]

[0096] It can be seen from Tables 1-4 that the combination of chain ether + alkylene oxide + organic aluminum compound exhibits good volumetric combustion heat and good stability, achieving a good unity of combustion heat and stability.

[0097] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A high-energy liquid fuel suitable for use in high-altitude environments, characterized in that: Contains no secondary explosive and contains the following components in percentage: 15-55wt% chain ether; 5-75 wt% alkylene oxide; 10-40 wt% of an organoaluminum compound.

2. The high-energy liquid fuel suitable for use in high-altitude environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic aluminum compound includes one or more of trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, triisopropylaluminum, diisopropylaluminum hydride, diisobutylaluminum hydride and tris(dimethylamino)aluminum dimer.

3. The high-energy liquid fuel suitable for use in high-altitude environments according to claim 2, characterized in that: The organic aluminum compound is triethylaluminum.

4. The high-energy liquid fuel suitable for use in high-altitude environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chain ether includes one or more of methyl ethyl ether, ethyl ether, isopropyl ether, isobutyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, anisole, 2-methoxyfuran, 3-methoxyfuran, 2,3-dimethoxyfuran, 2-methoxytetrahydrofuran, 3-methoxytetrahydrofuran, 2,3-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran, and polymethoxydialkyl ether.

5. The high-energy liquid fuel suitable for use in high-altitude environments according to claim 4, characterized in that: The chain ether includes ethyl ether, isopropyl ether or polymethoxydialkyl ether.

6. The high-energy liquid fuel suitable for use in high-altitude environments according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The polymethoxy dialkyl ether has a methoxy polymerization degree of 1-20.

7. The high-energy liquid fuel suitable for use in high-altitude environments according to claim 6, characterized in that: The alkyl group in the polymethoxydialkyl ether is one or two of a saturated normal alkane having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, an isoalkane having 3 to 16 carbon atoms, and an aromatic group-substituted alkyl group.

8. The high-energy liquid fuel suitable for use in high-altitude environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The alkylene oxide includes one or more of ethylene oxide, methylethylene oxide, dimethylpropylene oxide, propylene oxide, 2-methylpropylene oxide, 3-methylpropylene oxide, 2,3-dimethylpropylene oxide and butylene oxide.

9. The method for preparing a high-energy liquid fuel suitable for use in a high-altitude environment according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Mixing the chain ether and the alkylene oxide in a dry environment to obtain a premixed liquid; The premixed liquid is mixed with an organic aluminum compound in a protective atmosphere to obtain the high-energy liquid fuel suitable for use in a high-altitude environment.

10. The preparation method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The protective atmosphere is nitrogen.

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