Special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite assembly and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of metal composite material preparation, and particularly relates to a special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite assembly and a preparation method and application thereof, and the preparation method sequentially comprises the steps of workpiece primary machining, assembling, seal welding, hot isostatic pressing, sheath dismounting and the like. According to the method, one-step diffusion welding of three heterogeneous metals and two heterogeneous interfaces is achieved through the hot isostatic pressing process, oxygen-free copper / copper alloy and copper alloy / steel connection of the two heterogeneous metal interfaces is tight and stable, the high interface bonding strength of the special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite assembly is guaranteed, the process steps are few, and the cost is low. The problems that an existing preparation method is complex in process, low in efficiency and high in price are solved. The composite assembly can be used as a special-shaped tungsten copper steel active water cooling plasma facing part and is applied to a nuclear fusion divertor device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of metal composite material preparation, and specifically relates to a special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component and a preparation method and application thereof. The special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component can be used as an active water-cooled plasma-facing component in a nuclear fusion divertor device. Background Art

[0002] The fully superconducting magnetic confinement tokamak is currently the most promising nuclear fusion device. As a plasma facing material (PFM), tungsten directly interacts with the plasma in the vacuum chamber of the tokamak and is subjected to extremely harsh service conditions. In order to timely and effectively transfer the heat load deposited on the surface of the PFM, ensure its service life and the safe operation of the tokamak device, effective measures must be taken to connect the PFM with the heat sink material to form plasma facing components (PFCs). At present, the divertor components in ITER (International Thermonuclear Fusion Reactor) use the W / OFC / CuCrZr connection as PFCs. OFC (oxygen-free copper) as the intermediate layer can effectively relieve the interface stress and maximize the cooling capacity of the material. In addition, steel is used as the structural material to connect with the CuCrZr heat sink material for support.

[0003] The preparation process of flat-plate PFCs generally uses casting, brazing, vacuum hot pressing, hot isostatic pressing, plasma spraying and other methods to connect the W / OFC interface, and then the OFC / CuCrZr interface is usually connected by brazing, hot isostatic pressing, electron beam welding and other methods, and finally the CuCrZr heat sink material is connected to the steel plate by electron beam welding to obtain a complete tooling assembly. However, the above preparation methods have the disadvantages of complex preparation process, low efficiency and high price. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component and a preparation method and application thereof. The special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component prepared by the method has the advantages of one-step forming, high interface bonding strength and low cost, and can be used as a special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel active water-cooled plasma-facing component in a nuclear fusion divertor device, thereby solving the problems of complex process, low efficiency and high price of the existing preparation method.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, a method for preparing a special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1. Primary processing: processing the W / OFC composite sheet, copper alloy and steel into specific sizes and cleaning the surface, wherein the copper alloy and steel are provided with flow channels inside;

[0008] S2, assembly: the ports of the flow channel inside the copper alloy and the steel are connected together by welding to form a continuous channel, and at the same time, the W / OFC composite sheet, copper alloy and steel are assembled into a special-shaped tungsten copper steel composite component in the order of W / OFC composite sheet, copper alloy and steel;

[0009] S3, sealing and welding: the special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite components and the metal pads are put into the package, vacuumized and sealed and welded, and the package can make the continuous channel communicate with the outside after sealing and welding;

[0010] S4. Hot isostatic pressing: The sealed and welded special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite components are subjected to hot isostatic pressing. At the same time, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas used for hot isostatic pressing will fill the continuous channel to prevent its deformation.

[0011] Furthermore, the special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component is a composite plate structure, and the composite plate structure is sequentially: a W / OFC composite layer at the top layer, a copper alloy plate in the middle, and a steel plate at the bottom support; further, a transition layer is provided between the W / OFC composite layer and the copper alloy plate and / or between the copper alloy plate and the steel plate; further, the material of the transition layer is one or more of nickel, silver, titanium, chromium, and tantalum, and / or the thickness of the transition layer is 0-0.2 mm.

[0012] Furthermore, in the W / OFC composite sheet, the W layer has a thickness of 2 to 30 mm, and the OFC layer has a thickness of 0.2 to 10 mm;

[0013] And / or, the copper alloy is preferably ODS-Cu or CuCrZr alloy; further, the CuCrZr alloy comprises, by mass percentage, 0.60-0.90% Cr, 0.07-0.15% Zr, the remainder of copper and inevitable impurities with a total amount less than 0.15%; further, the inevitable impurities, by mass percentage, include Co≤0.05%, Nb≤0.10%, and Ta≤0.01%;

[0014] and / or, the steel is stainless steel or low activation steel;

[0015] And / or, the flow channels are distributed in parallel, crossed or other complex forms.

[0016] Furthermore, the welding uses one or more of nickel alloy, titanium alloy, silver alloy and copper alloy as transition material; and / or the welding is one of brazing, argon arc welding, electron beam welding and laser welding.

[0017] Furthermore, before the sealing welding, a metal sheet or graphite is used as an isolation layer to separate the special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component from the metal pad, to separate the special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component from the sheath, and to separate the metal pad from the sheath;

[0018] And / or, the package is a package of regular shape;

[0019] And / or, the package is provided with a vacuum port and an air filling hole connecting the continuous channel with the outside, the air filling hole is used to fill air into the continuous channel during hot isostatic pressing, and the vacuum port can be used to vacuum the part other than the continuous channel;

[0020] And / or, the sheath is made of steel, copper, nickel, titanium and alloys thereof;

[0021] And / or, the metal pad is made of molybdenum, tantalum, niobium, copper, nickel, titanium, cobalt and alloys thereof.

[0022] Furthermore, the vacuuming is: vacuuming to ≤10 -1 Pa.

[0023] Furthermore, during the hot isostatic pressing treatment, the pressure in the continuous channel is the same as the pressure of the hot isostatic pressing treatment.

[0024] Furthermore, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is a high-temperature and high-pressure inert gas.

[0025] Furthermore, the sintering temperature of the hot isostatic pressing treatment is 800-1050° C., the sintering pressure is 80-150 MPa, and the holding time is 2-3 hours.

[0026] In the second aspect, a special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component is prepared by the preparation method described in the first aspect.

[0027] Furthermore, the average bonding strength of the copper alloy / steel heterogeneous interface of the special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component is not less than 300 MPa.

[0028] In a third aspect, an application of a special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component prepared by the preparation method described in the first aspect or the special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component described in the second aspect.

[0029] Specifically, the special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component is used as a special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel active water-cooled plasma-facing component in a nuclear fusion divertor device.

[0030] Furthermore, when the copper alloy of the special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component is ODS-Cu, the special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component can be directly used as a special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel active water-cooled plasma-facing component after hot isostatic pressing and removal of the sheath, and can be used in a nuclear fusion divertor device.

[0031] Furthermore, when the copper alloy of the special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component is CuCrZr alloy, the special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component is subjected to hot isostatic pressing and then heat treatment to restore the thermodynamic properties of the copper alloy. Finally, after the sheath is removed, it can be used as a special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel active water-cooled plasma-facing component and applied to a nuclear fusion divertor device.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] The present invention realizes the close connection and stability of three heterogeneous metals, oxygen-free copper / copper alloy, and copper alloy / steel at the interface of two heterogeneous metals in a special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component through a one-step hot isostatic pressing diffusion welding process, thereby ensuring the high interface bonding strength of the copper alloy / steel, with fewer process steps and low cost. The hot isostatic pressing diffusion welding process is carried out under high temperature and high pressure, which can promote diffusion at the atomic level, effectively eliminate internal pores, and form metallurgical bonds between different materials with high interface strength. In addition, hot isostatic pressing diffusion welding can realize the connection between workpieces with complex geometric shapes. The special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component (tungsten alloy / copper alloy / steel composite component) prepared by the present invention is mainly used for materials in furnace bodies, nuclear and radiation shielding, especially for plasma-facing divertor materials that withstand extreme working conditions in nuclear fusion reactors. The process of the present invention has the advantages of simple one-step preparation operation, reusable tooling equipment, low cost, etc., and the obtained tungsten alloy / copper alloy / steel composite component has high interface bonding strength. In particular, the copper alloy of the present invention can select the precipitation hardening alloy CuCrZr alloy as the intermediate layer heat sink material, and the three heterogeneous metals and two heterogeneous interfaces are firmly and stably bonded by hot isostatic pressing and one-step diffusion welding, thereby avoiding the negative impact of temperature changes on the CuCrZr precipitation hardening alloy during conventional multi-step processing, which leads to a decrease in interface bonding strength. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the placement of metal pads when encapsulating the special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3Schematic diagram of the flow channels and welding points in (a) the copper alloy plate and (b) the steel plate in the special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments are only to help understand the present invention and should not be regarded as specific limitations of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. The process parameters of the following embodiments that do not specify specific conditions are usually based on conventional conditions.

[0039] The endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed in the present invention are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of each range, the endpoint values ​​of each range and the individual point values, and the individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be regarded as specifically disclosed in the present invention.

[0040] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing a special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component comprises the following steps:

[0041] S1. Primary processing: processing the W / OFC composite sheet, copper alloy and steel into specific sizes and cleaning the surface, wherein the copper alloy and steel are provided with flow channels inside;

[0042] S2, assembly: the ports of the flow channel inside the copper alloy and the steel are connected together by welding to form a continuous channel, and at the same time, the W / OFC composite sheet, copper alloy and steel are assembled into a special-shaped tungsten copper steel composite component in the order of W / OFC composite sheet, copper alloy and steel;

[0043] S3, sealing and welding: the special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite components and the metal pads are put into the package, vacuumized and sealed and welded, and the package can make the continuous channel communicate with the outside after sealing and welding;

[0044] S4. Hot isostatic pressing: The sealed and welded special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite components are subjected to hot isostatic pressing. At the same time, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas used for hot isostatic pressing will fill the continuous channel to prevent its deformation.

[0045] The present invention realizes the close connection and stability of three heterogeneous metals, oxygen-free copper / copper alloy, and copper alloy / steel in the special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite components through a one-step hot isostatic pressing diffusion welding process, thereby ensuring the high interface bonding strength of the copper alloy / steel, with fewer process steps and low cost. In detail, the preparation method of the present invention sequentially includes the steps of workpiece preliminary processing (including workpiece cleaning treatment), assembly, sealing welding, hot isostatic pressing, and removal of the sheath, wherein:

[0046] In the workpiece preliminary processing step, the W / OFC composite sheet, the copper alloy and the steel are processed into plates of a specific size, wherein the copper alloy plate and the steel plate are provided with flow channels for cooling water to pass through;

[0047] In the workpiece cleaning process, the surfaces of the W / OFC composite sheet, the copper alloy plate and the steel plate are cleaned to remove oil stains, oxide layers and other impurities, such as by using chemical cleaning and ultrasonic cleaning methods;

[0048] In the assembly step, the W / OFC composite sheet layer, the copper alloy plate and the steel plate are assembled in the structural order from top to bottom, and all the surfaces to be welded (the surfaces to be welded refer to the contact surfaces of the hot isostatic pressing one-step diffusion welding) are matched together. Specifically, the W / OFC composite sheet layer on the copper alloy plate is composed of multiple W / OFC composite sheets, and a certain gap may be reserved between each W / OFC composite sheet, and the gap does not exceed 1mm, or no gap may be reserved; and the W / OFC composite sheet and the copper alloy plate, and the copper alloy plate and the steel plate are tightly fitted without any gap; in order to reduce the internal stress generated at the welding interface during hot pressing and obtain a high-quality welding interface, a transition layer may be arbitrarily added between the W / OFC composite sheet and the copper alloy plate, and the copper alloy plate and the steel plate, and the material of the transition layer may be one or more of nickel, silver, titanium, chromium, and tantalum, and the thickness of the transition layer is 0-0.2mm; and the flow channels inside the copper alloy plate and the steel plate are connected together by welding to form a continuous channel without leakage points;

[0049] In the sealing step, it is preferred to use a package with a regular shape, such as a rectangular package, to avoid additional costs due to the customization of the package shape and size. However, it is necessary to place a metal pad at the local position of the irregular shape of the composite component to make the outer periphery of the composite component regular and fix the component at the same time, and then put all the components into the package with a regular shape, so that the composite component and the metal pad form a whole and can completely fill the package, such as Figure 2 After the package is completed, a vacuum treatment is performed, and then sealing welding is performed. The sealing welding is preferably performed under vacuum, and the sealed package can make the continuous channel communicate with the outside world; specifically, the package is provided with a vacuum port and an air filling hole that connects the continuous channel with the outside world. The air filling hole is used to fill the continuous channel during hot isostatic pressing, and the vacuum port can vacuum the part except the continuous channel;

[0050] In the hot isostatic pressing step, the sealed tungsten alloy / copper alloy / steel composite component is subjected to hot isostatic pressing, and the continuous channel inside the composite component is connected to the outside. During the hot isostatic pressing process, the high-temperature and high-pressure inert gas used for hot isostatic pressing will flow into the continuous channel, but will not enter the package, so that the continuous channel will not be deformed;

[0051] In the removal step, the equipment is cooled slowly (generally with the furnace cooling, the cooling rate is about 100℃ / h) to avoid thermal stress caused by rapid cooling. Figure 1 shown.

[0052] Specifically, the special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component is a composite plate structure. More specifically, the composite plate structure is:

[0053] A W / OFC composite sheet layer located at the top layer, wherein the W layer in the W / OFC composite sheet has a thickness of 2 to 30 mm and the OFC layer has a thickness of 0.2 to 10 mm;

[0054] The copper alloy plate is located in the middle. More specifically, the preferred material is ODS-Cu or CuCrZr alloy. Further, the CuCrZr alloy includes, by mass percentage, 0.60-0.90% Cr, 0.07-0.15% Zr, the remainder of copper, and inevitable impurities with a total amount less than 0.15%. Furthermore, the inevitable impurities include, by mass percentage, Co≤0.05%, Nb≤0.10%, and Ta≤0.01%. The copper alloy plate contains flow channels, which are distributed in various forms such as side by side and cross, such as Figure 3 (a)

[0055] The bottom support is a steel plate, specifically, made of stainless steel or low-activated steel. And there are also complex flow channels inside the steel plate, such as Figure 3 (b) As shown; it is necessary to ensure that the ports of the flow channels of the steel plate and the copper alloy plate can be matched and welded to form a continuous channel without leakage points;

[0056] The surfaces to be welded are the OFC surface of the W / OFC composite sheet, the upper and lower surfaces of the copper alloy plate, and one of the surfaces of the steel plate. In the above assembly step, the OFC surface of the W / OFC composite sheet, the surfaces to be welded of the two copper alloy plates, and the surfaces to be welded of the steel plate are bonded together. It is preferred to add a transition layer between the OFC and the copper alloy plate and / or between the copper alloy plate and the steel plate. During the hot isostatic pressing process, the composite components and the metal pads inside the sheath will not react with each other during sintering, and the metal pads will not melt. Optionally, the sheath is made of steel and copper, nickel, titanium and their alloys; the metal pads are made of molybdenum, tantalum, niobium, copper, nickel, titanium, cobalt and their alloys. When inflating, the internal flow channels of the copper alloy plate and the steel plate have been welded into a continuous channel, so inflation can be carried out simultaneously through the two ports of the continuous flow channel, or one of the ports can be blocked and inflated from the other port.

[0057] Therefore, as an optional embodiment of the preparation method of the present invention, the special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component is a composite plate structure, and the composite plate structure is in order: a W / OFC composite sheet layer at the top layer, a copper alloy plate in the middle, and a steel plate at the bottom support. Further optionally, in the W / OFC composite sheet, the W layer thickness is 2 to 30 mm, typically but not limited to 3 mm, 5 mm, 7 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm, 15 mm, 17 mm, 20 mm, 23 mm, 25 mm, 28 mm; the OFC layer thickness is 0.2 to 10 mm, typically but not limited to 0.3 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.7 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm, 5 mm, 7 mm, 9 mm; further, A transition layer is provided between the W / OFC composite sheet and the copper alloy plate and / or between the copper alloy plate and the steel plate; further, the material of the transition layer is one or more of nickel, silver, titanium, chromium, and tantalum, and / or the thickness of the transition layer is 0-0.2 mm (such as 0.01 mm, 0.03 mm, 0.05 mm, 0.07 mm, 0.09 mm, 0.11 mm, 0.13 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.17 mm, 0.19 mm).

[0058] And / or, the copper alloy is preferably ODS-Cu or CuCrZr alloy; further optionally, the CuCrZr alloy includes, by mass percentage, 0.60-0.90% Cr, 0.07-0.15% Zr, the remainder of copper, and inevitable impurities with a total amount less than 0.15%; further, the inevitable impurities include, by mass percentage, Co≤0.05%, Nb≤0.10%, and Ta≤0.01%; in the CuCrZr alloy, the Cr content is typically but not limited to 0.65%, 0.70%, 0.75%, 0.80%, 0.85%, and the Zr content is typically but not limited to 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.10%, 0.15 ... 0%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, the content of inevitable impurities may be typically but not limited to 0.14%, 0.13%, 0.12%, 0.11%, 0.10%, 0.08%, 0.06%, 0.04%, 0.02%, etc.; further, among the inevitable impurities, the content of Co may be typically but not limited to 0.04%, 0.03%, 0.02%, 0.01%, 0, the content of Nb may be typically but not limited to 0.08%, 0.06%, 0.04%, 0.02%, 0, and the content of Ta may be typically but not limited to 0.008%, 0.006%, 0.004%, 0.002%, 0.

[0059] and / or, the steel is stainless steel or low activation steel;

[0060] And / or, the flow channels are distributed in parallel, crossed or other complex forms.

[0061] In the above technical scheme, the precipitation hardening alloy CuCrZr alloy can be selected as the middle layer, and the one-step hot isostatic pressing diffusion welding method of the present invention makes the three heterogeneous metals and two heterogeneous interfaces firmly and stably bonded. The CuCrZr alloy as the middle layer is usually processed in two steps such as hot isostatic pressing or welding, so that its two surfaces are respectively connected to the other two substances. When the two steps are connected, the CuCrZr alloy will be affected by the additional thermal cycle, and these thermal cycles will cause the dissolution and segregation of the second phase in the CuCrZr alloy. As a precipitation-strengthened alloy, the CuCrZr alloy is sensitive to the heat treatment process. Generally, when the temperature exceeds 650°C, the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of the material will drop rapidly. Therefore, solution annealing + aging heat treatment is generally required to restore the performance. Multi-step processing not only increases the process flow, but multiple thermal cycles will also affect the thermodynamic properties of the precipitation-hardening alloy CuCrZr, resulting in a decrease in interface bonding strength.

[0062] In the present invention, each layer of the plate material may have a certain curvature on one side or multiple sides, or may not have any curvature, as long as the layers can be closely fitted with each other without obvious gaps.

[0063] As an optional embodiment of the preparation method of the present invention, in order to reduce internal stress and obtain a high-quality welding interface, a transition layer can be added between the W / OFC composite sheet and the copper alloy plate, and between the copper alloy plate and the steel plate. The transition layer can be one or more of nickel, silver, titanium, chromium, and tantalum, and the thickness of the transition layer is 0-0.2 mm;

[0064] In the above technical solution, the welding between the copper alloy and the internal flow channel of the steel plate can use nickel alloy, titanium alloy, copper alloy, silver alloy as transition material; and / or, the welding is one of brazing, argon arc welding, electron beam welding and laser welding.

[0065] As an optional implementation of the preparation method of the present invention, before the sealing welding, a metal sheet or graphite is used as an isolation layer to separate the special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component from the metal pad, to separate the special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component from the sheath, and to separate the metal pad from the sheath.

[0066] In the above technical solution, the isolation layer is mainly used to facilitate the removal of the sleeve and the metal pad. Therefore, a metal sheet can be added between the sleeve and the outer surface of the special-shaped composite component as an isolation layer. In addition, a metal sheet is added as an isolation layer on the surface that is in direct contact with the special-shaped composite component and the metal pad and / or between the sleeve and the metal pad to avoid direct contact between them and difficulty in separation after hot isostatic pressing. The metal sheet used as the isolation layer can be made of a material that does not react with the composite component and the metal pad inside the sleeve during hot isostatic pressing and does not melt itself.

[0067] As an optional embodiment of the preparation method of the present invention, the vacuuming is: vacuuming to ≤10 at room temperature to 800°C. -1 Pa.

[0068] As an optional embodiment of the preparation method of the present invention, during the hot isostatic pressing process, the pressure in the continuous channel is the same as the pressure of the hot isostatic pressing treatment.

[0069] As an optional implementation of the preparation method of the present invention, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas used is a high-pressure inert gas.

[0070] As an optional embodiment of the preparation method of the present invention, the sintering temperature of the hot isostatic pressing treatment is 800-1050°C, the sintering pressure is 80-150MPa, and the holding time is 2-3h. The sintering temperature can be typically but not limited to 820°C, 840°C, 860°C, 880°C, 900°C, 920°C, 940°C, 960°C, 980°C, 1000°C, 1020°C, 1040°C; the sintering pressure can be typically but not limited to 81MPa, 90MPa, 100MPa, 110MPa, 120MPa, 130MPa, 140MPa, 149MPa; the holding time can be typically but not limited to 2.1h, 2.2h, 2.3h, 2.4h, 2.5h, 2.6h, 2.7h, 2.8h, 2.9h.

[0071] In the above technical scheme, the hot isostatic pressing temperature, pressure and holding time are controlled within the above range, which can not only ensure that the three heterogeneous metals and the two heterogeneous interfaces are firmly bonded, but also ensure that the two heterogeneous interfaces are firmly and stably bonded even after the thermodynamic properties of the CuCrZr alloy are restored after heat treatment.

[0072] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component prepared by the preparation method of the first aspect is provided. Further, the average bonding strength of the copper alloy / steel heterogeneous interface of the special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component is not less than 300 MPa.

[0073] According to a third aspect of the present invention, an application of a special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component prepared by the preparation method described in the first aspect or a special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component described in the second aspect.

[0074] Specifically, the special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component is used as a special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel active water-cooled plasma-facing component in a nuclear fusion divertor device.

[0075] Furthermore, when the copper alloy of the special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component is ODS-Cu, the special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component can be directly used as a special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel active water-cooled plasma-facing component after hot isostatic pressing and removal of the sheath, and can be used in a nuclear fusion divertor device.

[0076] Furthermore, when the copper alloy of the special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component is CuCrZr alloy, the special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component is subjected to hot isostatic pressing and then heat treatment to restore the thermodynamic properties of the copper alloy. Finally, after the sheath is removed, it can be used as a special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel active water-cooled plasma-facing component and applied to a nuclear fusion divertor device.

[0077] In order to more clearly illustrate the characteristics and advantages of the present invention, the present invention is described in detail using the following examples and comparative examples.

[0078] Example 1

[0079] A special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component and a preparation method thereof, the specific preparation method is as follows:

[0080] (1) Workpiece initial processing: All workpieces are processed into specific sizes. Tungsten / oxygen-free copper (W / OFC) composite sheet (length 25 mm, width 25 mm, tungsten layer thickness 10 mm, oxygen-free copper layer thickness 0.2 mm), CuCrZr copper alloy plate (length 400 mm, width 250 mm, thickness 60 mm, with a certain curvature, CuCrZr copper alloy, by mass percentage, including 0.60-0.90% Cr, 0.07-0.15% Zr and the remainder of copper and inevitable impurities less than 0.15% in total, the inevitable impurities include Co≤0.05%, Nb≤0.10%, and Ta≤0.01%), 316L stainless steel plate (length 400 mm, width 125 mm, thickness 100 mm), wherein the CuCrZr copper alloy plate and 316L stainless steel plate have flow channels for cooling water to pass through;

[0081] (2) Workpiece cleaning: Clean the surfaces of the W / OFC composite sheet, CuCrZr copper alloy plate and 316L stainless steel plate to be welded to remove oil, oxide layer and other impurities;

[0082] (3) Assembly: Assemble in the order of the structures of W / OFC composite sheet layer, CuCrZr copper alloy plate, and 316L stainless steel plate from top to bottom, and fit all the surfaces to be welded together. Specifically, a plurality of W / OFC composite sheets are arranged as a whole to form a composite sheet layer, and the composite sheet layer is arranged on the CuCrZr copper alloy plate, and a certain gap is reserved between each W / OFC composite sheet; two composite components formed by the W / OFC composite sheet layer and the CuCrZr copper alloy plate are arranged side by side and spaced apart by a certain distance, and a 316L stainless steel plate is arranged on the bottom surfaces of the two sides of the two composite components that are close to each other, and a nickel alloy is used as a transition layer, and the flow channels inside the CuCrZr copper alloy plate and the 316L stainless steel plate are welded together to form a continuous channel without leakage points;

[0083] (4) Sealing: After the assembly in step (3), metal pads are arranged on the periphery of the assembly to make its periphery regular in shape. Metal pads are also arranged in the spacing area between the two composite components to facilitate fixing the two composite components. Then, all components (including the assembly and metal pads) are placed in a regularly shaped package. Figure 2The shape of the package can be rectangular. The package is provided with a vacuum port and an air filling hole that connects the continuous channel to the outside. The air filling hole is used to fill the continuous channel during hot isostatic pressing. The vacuum port can evacuate the part other than the continuous channel. In addition, metal sheets are added as an isolation layer at the position where the package is in direct contact with the assembly, the position where the assembly is in direct contact with the metal pad, and the position where the package is in direct contact with the metal pad. Finally, the package containing the assembly is evacuated to 10 -1 Pa, overall sealing welding, after sealing welding, the sheath can make the continuous channel connected with the outside world;

[0084] (5) Hot isostatic pressing: The sealed and welded assembly is subjected to hot isostatic pressing treatment, with a sintering temperature of 1050°C, a sintering pressure of 150 MPa, and a holding time of 2 h. At the same time, the high-temperature and high-pressure inert gas used for hot isostatic pressing enters the continuous channel but does not enter the package. After filling the continuous channel, the pressure in the continuous channel reaches 150 MPa as a whole, thereby preventing the continuous channel from deforming.

[0085] (6) Removing the sheath: After hot isostatic pressing, the assembly is subjected to solution annealing at 900°C for 1 h and aging at 480°C for 2 h, so that the thermodynamic properties of the copper alloy can be restored to a certain extent. Then the sheath is removed, the assembly is taken out, and the metal pads and metal sheets are removed to obtain a special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component of tungsten alloy / copper alloy / steel.

[0086] The special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite components prepared by the process parameters of this embodiment were subjected to nondestructive testing and tensile testing. The nondestructive testing was carried out by ultrasonic testing, and the standards were: no defects larger than 1 mm in size; the sum of all defect areas could not be greater than 15% of the entire bonding area; the distance between two defects must be greater than or equal to the size of the largest defect. In the tensile test, the tensile strength of the CuCrZr / 316L joint at room temperature was tested, and the specimens were prepared in accordance with the Chinese GB / T228.1-2010 standard. The equipment used for the tensile test was the universal testing machine AGS-X 10KN. The nondestructive testing results showed that there were no cracks at the bonding interface of oxygen-free copper / copper alloy and copper alloy / steel, and the tensile test results showed that the average bonding strength of the interface between the CuCrZr copper alloy plate and the 316L stainless steel plate was 324MPa. In addition, the flow channel size specifications were uniform and no deformation occurred.

[0087] Example 2

[0088] A special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component and a preparation method thereof, the specific preparation method is as follows:

[0089] (1) Preliminary processing of workpieces: tungsten / oxygen-free copper (W / OFC) composite sheets (length 25 mm, width 25 mm, tungsten layer thickness 30 mm, oxygen-free copper layer thickness 2 mm), ODS-Cu copper alloy plates (length 500 mm, width 300 mm, thickness 80 mm, with a certain curvature), and 316L stainless steel plates (length 500 mm, width 150 mm, thickness 120 mm) are processed into specific sizes, where the ODS-Cu copper alloy plates and 316L stainless steel plates have flow channels for cooling water to pass through;

[0090] (2) Workpiece cleaning: Clean the surfaces of the W / OFC composite sheet, ODS-Cu copper alloy plate and 316L stainless steel plate to be welded to remove oil, oxide layer and other impurities;

[0091] (3) Assembly: Assemble in the order of the structures of W / OFC composite sheet layer, ODS-Cu copper alloy plate, and 316L stainless steel plate from top to bottom, and fit all the surfaces to be welded together. Specifically, a plurality of W / OFC composite sheets are arranged as a whole to form a composite sheet layer, and the composite sheet layer is arranged on the ODS-Cu copper alloy plate, and a certain gap is reserved between each W / OFC composite sheet; two composite components formed by the W / OFC composite sheet layer and the ODS-Cu copper alloy plate are arranged side by side and spaced apart by a certain distance, and a 316L stainless steel plate is arranged on the bottom surfaces of the two sides of the two composite components that are close to each other, and a titanium alloy is used as a transition layer, and the flow channels inside the ODS-Cu copper alloy plate and the 316L stainless steel plate are welded together to form a continuous channel without leakage points;

[0092] (4) Sealing: After the assembly in step (3), metal pads are arranged on the periphery of the assembly to make its periphery regular in shape. Metal pads are also arranged in the spacing area between the two composite components to facilitate fixing the two composite components. Then, all components (including the assembly and metal pads) are placed in a regularly shaped package. Figure 2 The shape of the package can be rectangular. The package is provided with a vacuum port and an air filling hole that connects the continuous channel with the outside world. The air filling hole is used to fill the continuous channel during hot isostatic pressing. The vacuum port can evacuate the part other than the continuous channel. In addition, metal sheets are added as an isolation layer at the position where the package is in direct contact with the assembly, the position where the assembly is in direct contact with the metal pad, and the position where the package is in direct contact with the metal pad. Finally, the package containing the assembly is evacuated to 10 -2 Pa, overall sealing welding, after sealing welding, the sheath can make the continuous channel connected with the outside world;

[0093] (5) Hot isostatic pressing: The sealed and welded assembly is subjected to hot isostatic pressing treatment, with a sintering temperature of 800°C, a sintering pressure of 80 MPa, and a holding time of 3 hours. At the same time, the high-temperature and high-pressure inert gas used for hot isostatic pressing enters the continuous channel but does not enter the package. After filling the continuous channel, the pressure in the continuous channel reaches 80 MPa as a whole, thereby preventing the continuous channel from deforming.

[0094] (6) Remove the sheath: Remove the sheath and take out the special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component of tungsten alloy / copper alloy / steel.

[0095] The nondestructive testing and tensile testing of the special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite components prepared by the process parameters of this embodiment were carried out using the detection method of Example 1. The nondestructive testing results showed that there were no cracks at the bonding interface of oxygen-free copper / copper alloy and copper alloy / steel, and the tensile test results showed that the average bonding strength of the interface between the ODS-Cu copper alloy plate and the 316L stainless steel plate was 311 MPa. In addition, the flow channel size specifications are uniform and no deformation occurs.

[0096] Example 3

[0097] A special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component and a preparation method thereof, the specific preparation method is as follows:

[0098] (1) Preliminary processing of workpieces: tungsten / oxygen-free copper (W / OFC) composite sheets (length 35 mm, width 35 mm, tungsten layer thickness 12 mm, oxygen-free copper layer thickness 1.5 mm), CuCrZr copper alloy plates (length 600 mm, width 350 mm, thickness 100 mm, with a certain curvature, CuCrZr copper alloy, by mass percentage, including 0.60-0.90% Cr, 0.07-0.15% Zr and the remainder of copper and inevitable impurities less than 0.15% in total, the inevitable impurities including Co≤0.05%, Nb≤0.10%, and Ta≤0.01%), low-activated steel plates (length 600 mm, width 275 mm, thickness 120 mm) are processed into specific sizes, wherein the CuCrZr copper alloy plates and the low-activated steel plates have flow channels for cooling water to pass through arranged side by side;

[0099] (2) Workpiece cleaning: Clean the surfaces of the W / OFC composite sheet, CuCrZr copper alloy plate and low-activated steel plate to be welded to remove oil stains, oxide layer and other impurities;

[0100] (3) Assembly: Assemble in the order of the structures from top to bottom, namely, W / OFC composite sheet layer, CuCrZr copper alloy plate, and low-activation steel plate, and fit all the surfaces to be welded together. Specifically, a plurality of W / OFC composite sheets are arranged as a whole to form a composite sheet layer, and the composite sheet layer is arranged on the CuCrZr copper alloy plate, and a certain gap is reserved between each W / OFC composite sheet; two composite components formed by the W / OFC composite sheet layer and the CuCrZr copper alloy plate are arranged side by side and spaced apart by a certain distance, and a low-activation steel plate is arranged on the bottom surfaces of the two sides of the two composite components that are close to each other, and a copper alloy is used as a transition layer, and the flow channels inside the CuCrZr copper alloy plate and the low-activation steel plate are welded together to form a continuous channel without leakage points;

[0101] (4) Sealing: After the assembly in step (3), metal pads are arranged on the periphery of the assembly to make its periphery regular in shape. Metal pads are also arranged in the spacing area between the two composite components to facilitate fixing the two composite components. Then, all components (including the assembly and metal pads) are placed in a regularly shaped package. Figure 2 The shape of the package can be rectangular. The package is provided with a vacuum port and an air filling hole that connects the continuous channel to the outside. The air filling hole is used to fill the continuous channel during hot isostatic pressing. The vacuum port can evacuate the part other than the continuous channel. In addition, metal sheets are added as an isolation layer at the position where the package is in direct contact with the assembly, the position where the assembly is in direct contact with the metal pad, and the position where the package is in direct contact with the metal pad. Finally, the package containing the assembly is evacuated to 10 at a temperature of 800°C. -1 Pa, overall sealing welding, after sealing welding, the sheath can make the continuous channel connected with the outside world;

[0102] (5) Hot isostatic pressing: The sealed and welded assembly is subjected to hot isostatic pressing treatment, with a sintering temperature of 980°C, a sintering pressure of 140 MPa, and a holding time of 2 h. At the same time, the high-temperature and high-pressure inert gas used for hot isostatic pressing enters the continuous channel but does not enter the package. After filling the continuous channel, the pressure in the continuous channel reaches 140 MPa as a whole, thereby preventing the continuous channel from deforming.

[0103] (6) Removing the sheath: After hot isostatic pressing, the assembly is subjected to solution annealing at 900°C for 1 h and aging at 480°C for 2 h, so that the thermodynamic properties of the copper alloy can be restored to a certain extent. Then the sheath is removed, the assembly is taken out, and the metal pads and metal sheets are removed to obtain a special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component of tungsten alloy / copper alloy / steel.

[0104] The nondestructive testing and tensile testing of the special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite components prepared by the process parameters of this embodiment were carried out using the detection method of Example 1. The nondestructive testing results showed that there were no cracks at the bonding interface of oxygen-free copper / copper alloy and copper alloy / steel. In addition, the tensile test results showed that the average bonding strength of the interface between the CuCrZr copper alloy plate and the low-activated steel plate was 330MPa. In addition, the flow channel size specifications were uniform and no deformation occurred.

[0105] Example 4

[0106] A special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component and a preparation method thereof, the specific preparation method is as follows:

[0107] (1) Preliminary processing of workpieces: tungsten / oxygen-free copper (W / OFC) sheets (25 mm long, 25 mm wide, 12 mm thick tungsten layer, 0.5 mm thick oxygen-free copper layer), CuCrZr copper alloy plates (400 mm long, 250 mm wide, 60 mm thick, with a certain curvature, CuCrZr copper alloy, by mass percentage, includes 0.60-0.90% Cr, 0.07-0.15% Zr and the remainder of copper and inevitable impurities less than 0.15% in total, the inevitable impurities include Co≤0.05%, Nb≤0.10%, and Ta≤0.01%), 316L stainless steel plates (400 mm long, 125 mm wide, 100 mm thick) are processed into specific sizes, wherein the CuCrZr copper alloy plates and the 316L stainless steel plates have flow channels for cooling water to pass through arranged side by side;

[0108] (2) Workpiece cleaning: Clean the surfaces of the W / OFC composite sheet, CuCrZr copper alloy plate and 316L stainless steel plate to be welded to remove oil, oxide layer and other impurities;

[0109] (3) Assembling: Assemble in the order of the structures of W / OFC composite sheet layer, CuCrZr copper alloy plate, and 316L stainless steel plate from top to bottom, and fit all the surfaces to be welded together. Specifically, a plurality of W / OFC composite sheets are arranged as a whole to form a composite sheet layer, and the composite sheet layer is arranged on the CuCrZr copper alloy plate, and a certain gap is reserved between each W / OFC composite sheet; two composite components formed by the W / OFC composite sheet layer and the CuCrZr copper alloy plate are arranged side by side and spaced apart by a certain distance, and a 316L stainless steel plate is arranged on the bottom surfaces of the two sides of the two composite components that are close to each other, and a silver alloy is used as a transition layer, and the flow channels inside the CuCrZr copper alloy plate and the 316L stainless steel plate are welded together to form a continuous channel without leakage points;

[0110] (4) Sealing: After the assembly in step (3), metal pads are arranged on the periphery of the assembly to make its periphery regular in shape. Metal pads are also arranged in the spacing area between the two composite components to facilitate fixing the two composite components. Then, all components (including the assembly and metal pads) are placed in a regularly shaped package. Figure 2 The shape of the package can be rectangular. The package is provided with a vacuum port and an air filling hole that connects the continuous channel with the outside world. The air filling hole is used to fill the continuous channel during hot isostatic pressing. The vacuum port can evacuate the part other than the continuous channel. In addition, metal sheets are added as an isolation layer at the position where the package is in direct contact with the assembly, the position where the assembly is in direct contact with the metal pad, and the position where the package is in direct contact with the metal pad. Finally, the package containing the assembly is evacuated to 10 -3 Pa, overall sealing welding, after sealing welding, the sheath can make the continuous channel connected with the outside world;

[0111] (5) Hot isostatic pressing: The sealed and welded assembly is subjected to hot isostatic pressing treatment, with a sintering temperature of 900°C, a sintering pressure of 130 MPa, and a holding time of 3 hours. At the same time, the high-temperature and high-pressure inert gas used for hot isostatic pressing enters the continuous channel but does not enter the package. After filling the continuous channel, the pressure in the continuous channel reaches 130 MPa as a whole, thereby preventing the continuous channel from deforming.

[0112] (6) Removing the sheath: After hot isostatic pressing, the assembly is subjected to solution annealing at 900°C for 1 h and aging at 480°C for 2 h, so that the thermodynamic properties of the copper alloy can be restored to a certain extent. Then the sheath is removed, the assembly is taken out, and the metal pads and metal sheets are removed to obtain a special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component of tungsten alloy / copper alloy / steel.

[0113] The nondestructive testing and tensile testing of the special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite components prepared by the process parameters of this embodiment were carried out using the detection method of Example 1. The nondestructive testing results showed that there were no cracks at the bonding interface of oxygen-free copper / copper alloy and copper alloy / steel. In addition, the tensile test results showed that the average bonding strength of the interface between the CuCrZr copper alloy plate and the 316L stainless steel plate was 314MPa. In addition, the flow channel size specifications were uniform and no deformation occurred.

[0114] Example 5

[0115] A special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component and a preparation method thereof, the specific preparation method is as follows:

[0116] (1) Preliminary processing of workpieces: tungsten / oxygen-free copper (W / OFC) sheets (30 mm long, 30 mm wide, 30 mm thick tungsten layer, 3 mm thick oxygen-free copper layer), CuCrZr copper alloy plates (400 mm long, 250 mm wide, 60 mm thick, with a certain curvature, CuCrZr copper alloy, by mass percentage, includes 0.60-0.90% Cr, 0.07-0.15% Zr and the remainder of copper and inevitable impurities less than 0.15% in total, the inevitable impurities include Co≤0.05%, Nb≤0.10%, and Ta≤0.01%), 316L stainless steel plates (400 mm long, 125 mm wide, 100 mm thick) are processed into specific sizes, wherein the CuCrZr copper alloy plates and the 316L stainless steel plates have flow channels for cooling water to pass through arranged side by side;

[0117] (2) Workpiece cleaning: Clean the surfaces of the W / OFC composite sheet, CuCrZr copper alloy plate and 316L stainless steel plate to be welded to remove oil, oxide layer and other impurities;

[0118] (3) Assembly: Assemble in the order of the structures of W / OFC composite sheet layer, CuCrZr copper alloy plate, and 316L stainless steel plate from top to bottom, and match all the surfaces to be welded together. Specifically, a plurality of W / OFC composite sheets are arranged as a whole to form a composite sheet layer, and the composite sheet layer is arranged on the CuCrZr copper alloy plate, and a certain gap is reserved between each W / OFC composite sheet; two composite components formed by the W / OFC composite sheet layer and the CuCrZr copper alloy plate are arranged side by side and spaced a certain distance apart, and a 316L stainless steel plate is arranged on the bottom surfaces of the two sides of the two composite components that are close to each other, and a 0.2 mm chromium sheet is used as a transition layer between the CuCrZr copper alloy plate and the 316L stainless steel plate to improve the diffusion welding quality; and a nickel alloy is used as a transition layer to weld the flow channels inside the CuCrZr copper alloy plate and the 316L stainless steel plate together to form a continuous channel without leakage points;

[0119] (4) Sealing: After the assembly in step (3), metal pads are arranged on the periphery of the assembly to make its periphery regular in shape. Metal pads are also arranged in the spacing area between the two composite components to facilitate fixing the two composite components. Then, all components (including the assembly and metal pads) are placed in a regularly shaped package. Figure 2The shape of the package can be rectangular. The package is provided with a vacuum port and an air filling hole that connects the continuous channel with the outside world. The air filling hole is used to fill the continuous channel during hot isostatic pressing. The vacuum port can evacuate the part other than the continuous channel. In addition, metal sheets are added as an isolation layer at the position where the package is in direct contact with the assembly, the position where the assembly is in direct contact with the metal pad, and the position where the package is in direct contact with the metal pad. Finally, the package containing the assembly is evacuated to 10 -3 Pa, overall sealing welding, after sealing welding, the sheath can make the continuous channel connected with the outside world;

[0120] (5) Hot isostatic pressing: The sealed and welded assembly is subjected to hot isostatic pressing treatment, with a sintering temperature of 1050°C, a sintering pressure of 150 MPa, and a holding time of 2 h. At the same time, the high-temperature and high-pressure inert gas used for hot isostatic pressing enters the continuous channel but does not enter the package. After filling the continuous channel, the pressure in the continuous channel reaches 150 MPa as a whole, thereby preventing the continuous channel from deforming.

[0121] (6) Removing the sheath: After hot isostatic pressing, the assembly is subjected to solution annealing at 900°C for 1 h and aging at 480°C for 2 h, so that the thermodynamic properties of the copper alloy can be restored to a certain extent. Then the sheath is removed, the assembly is taken out, and the metal pads and metal sheets are removed to obtain a special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component of tungsten alloy / copper alloy / steel.

[0122] The detection method of Example 1 was used to perform nondestructive testing and tensile testing on the special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite components prepared by the process parameters of this embodiment. The nondestructive testing results showed that there were no cracks at the interface between oxygen-free copper / copper alloy and copper alloy / steel. In addition, the tensile test results showed that the average interface bonding strength between the CuCrZr copper alloy plate and the 316L stainless steel plate was 333MPa, and the flow channel size specifications were uniform and no deformation occurred. Compared with Example 1, in this embodiment, a 0.2mm chromium sheet was used as a transition layer between the CuCrZr copper alloy plate and the 316L stainless steel plate, which significantly improved the welding quality, so that the average interface bonding strength between the CuCrZr copper alloy plate and the 316L stainless steel plate reached 333MPa, which should be the result of the use of a transition layer between the CuCrZr copper alloy plate and the 316L stainless steel plate to reduce the hot pressing interface stress.

[0123] Example 6

[0124] A special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component and a preparation method thereof, the specific preparation method is as follows:

[0125] (1) Preliminary processing of workpieces: tungsten / oxygen-free copper (W / OFC) sheets (20 mm long, 20 mm wide, 2 mm thick tungsten layer, 0.2 mm thick oxygen-free copper layer), CuCrZr copper alloy plates (400 mm long, 250 mm wide, 60 mm thick, with a certain curvature, CuCrZr copper alloy, by mass percentage, includes 0.60-0.90% Cr, 0.07-0.15% Zr and the remainder of copper and inevitable impurities less than 0.15% in total, wherein the inevitable impurities include Co≤0.05%, Nb≤0.10%, and Ta≤0.01%), 316L stainless steel plates (400 mm long, 125 mm wide, 100 mm thick) are processed into specific sizes, wherein the CuCrZr copper alloy plates and the 316L stainless steel plates have flow channels for cooling water to pass through arranged side by side;

[0126] (2) Workpiece cleaning: Clean the surfaces of the W / OFC composite sheet, CuCrZr copper alloy plate and 316L stainless steel plate to be welded to remove oil, oxide layer and other impurities;

[0127] (3) Assembly: Assemble in the order of the structures of W / OFC composite sheet layer, CuCrZr copper alloy plate, and 316L stainless steel plate from top to bottom, and match all the surfaces to be welded together. Specifically, a plurality of W / OFC composite sheets are arranged as a whole to form a composite sheet layer, and the composite sheet layer is arranged on the CuCrZr copper alloy plate, and a certain gap is reserved between each W / OFC composite sheet; two composite components formed by the W / OFC composite sheet layer and the CuCrZr copper alloy plate are arranged side by side and spaced apart by a certain distance, and a 316L stainless steel plate is arranged on the bottom surfaces of the two sides of the two composite components that are close to each other, and a 0.02 mm silver sheet is used as a transition layer between the CuCrZr copper alloy plate and the 316 stainless steel plate to improve the diffusion welding quality; and a silver alloy is used as a transition layer to weld the flow channels inside the CuCrZr copper alloy plate and the 316L stainless steel plate together to form a continuous channel without leakage points;

[0128] (4) Sealing: After the assembly in step (3), metal pads are arranged on the periphery of the assembly to make its periphery regular in shape. Metal pads are also arranged in the spacing area between the two composite components to facilitate fixing the two composite components. Then, all components (including the assembly and metal pads) are placed in a regularly shaped package. Figure 2The shape of the package can be rectangular. The package is provided with a vacuum port and an air filling hole that connects the continuous channel with the outside world. The air filling hole is used to fill the continuous channel during hot isostatic pressing. The vacuum port can evacuate the part other than the continuous channel. In addition, metal sheets are added as an isolation layer at the position where the package is in direct contact with the assembly, the position where the assembly is in direct contact with the metal pad, and the position where the package is in direct contact with the metal pad. Finally, the package containing the assembly is evacuated to 10 -3 Pa, overall sealing welding, after sealing welding, the sheath can make the continuous channel connected with the outside world;

[0129] (5) Hot isostatic pressing: The sealed and welded assembly is subjected to hot isostatic pressing treatment, with a sintering temperature of 800°C, a sintering pressure of 80 MPa, and a holding time of 3 hours. At the same time, the high-temperature and high-pressure inert gas used for hot isostatic pressing enters the continuous channel but does not enter the package. After filling the continuous channel, the pressure in the continuous channel reaches 80 MPa as a whole, thereby preventing the continuous channel from deforming.

[0130] (6) Removing the sheath: After hot isostatic pressing, the assembly is subjected to solution annealing at 900°C for 1 h and aging at 480°C for 2 h, so that the thermodynamic properties of the copper alloy can be restored to a certain extent. Then the sheath is removed, the assembly is taken out, and the metal pads and metal sheets are removed to obtain a special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component of tungsten alloy / copper alloy / steel.

[0131] The detection method of Example 1 was used to perform nondestructive testing and tensile testing on the special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite components prepared by the process parameters of this embodiment. The nondestructive testing results showed that there were no cracks at the interface of oxygen-free copper / copper alloy and copper alloy / steel. In addition, the tensile test results showed that the average interface bonding strength between the CuCrZr copper alloy plate and the 316L stainless steel plate was 327MPa. In addition, the flow channel size specifications are uniform and no deformation occurs. This embodiment uses a 0.02mm silver sheet as a transition layer between the CuCrZr copper alloy and the 316 stainless steel plate, so even if the temperature of the hot isostatic pressing diffusion welding is low, the welding quality is still good.

[0132] Comparative Example 1

[0133] A special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component and a preparation method thereof, which differs from Example 1 only in that: (5) Hot isostatic pressing: The sealed and welded assembly is subjected to hot isostatic pressing treatment, with a sintering temperature of 1100°C, a sintering pressure of 150 MPa, and a holding time of 5 hours.

[0134] The rest of the settings are the same as those in Example 1.

[0135] The tungsten copper steel composite component prepared by the process parameters of this comparative example was subjected to nondestructive testing and tensile testing using the detection method of Example 1. The nondestructive testing results showed that there were no cracks at the interface between oxygen-free copper / copper alloy and copper alloy / steel, and the tensile test results showed that the average interface bonding strength between the CuCrZr copper alloy plate and the 316L plate was 291 MPa. In addition, the flow channel dimensions were uniform and no deformation occurred.

[0136] Comparative Example 2

[0137] A special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component and a preparation method thereof, which differs from Example 2 only in that:

[0138] (5) Hot isostatic pressing: The sealed and welded assembly is subjected to hot isostatic pressing treatment with a sintering temperature of 750°C, a sintering pressure of 70 MPa, and a holding time of 10 h.

[0139] The rest of the settings are the same as those in Example 2.

[0140] The tungsten copper steel composite component prepared by the process parameters of this comparative example was subjected to nondestructive testing and tensile testing using the detection method of Example 1. The nondestructive testing results showed that there were no cracks at the interface between oxygen-free copper / copper alloy and copper alloy / steel, and the tensile test results showed that the average interface bonding strength between the ODS-Cu copper alloy plate and the 316L stainless steel plate was 225 MPa. In addition, the flow channel size specifications were uniform and no deformation occurred.

[0141] Comparative Example 3

[0142] Comparative Example 3 is a comparative experiment in which the manufacturing route is a two-step hot isostatic pressing (HIP) process. The main difference from Example 1 is that the two surfaces of the CuCrZr copper alloy plate to be welded are connected separately in two steps, and a heat treatment is performed after the first hot isostatic pressing to restore the thermodynamic properties of the copper alloy. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0143] (1) Workpiece initial processing: All workpieces are processed into specific sizes. Tungsten / oxygen-free copper (W / OFC) composite sheet (length 25 mm, width 25 mm, tungsten layer thickness 10 mm, oxygen-free copper layer thickness 0.2 mm), CuCrZr copper alloy plate (length 400 mm, width 250 mm, thickness 60 mm, with a certain curvature, CuCrZr copper alloy, by mass percentage, including 0.60-0.90% Cr, 0.07-0.15% Zr and the remainder of copper and inevitable impurities less than 0.15% in total, the inevitable impurities include Co≤0.05%, Nb≤0.10%, and Ta≤0.01%), 316L stainless steel plate (length 400 mm, width 125 mm, thickness 100 mm), wherein the CuCrZr copper alloy plate and 316L stainless steel plate have flow channels for cooling water to pass through;

[0144] (2) Workpiece cleaning: Clean the surfaces of the W / OFC composite sheet, CuCrZr copper alloy plate and 316L stainless steel plate to be welded to remove oil, oxide layer and other impurities;

[0145] (3) First step HIP process: a 316L stainless steel plate is placed on the bottom surfaces of the two adjacent CuCrZr copper alloy plates, and a nickel alloy is used as a transition layer. The flow channels inside the CuCrZr copper alloy plate and the 316L steel plate are welded together to form a continuous channel without leakage points. Then, a metal pad is placed on its periphery to make its periphery regular in shape, and a metal pad is also placed in the interval between the two CuCrZr copper alloy plates to facilitate the fixing of the two CuCrZr copper alloy plates. Then all components (including assembly parts and metal pads) are placed in a regular-shaped package, see Figure 2 The shape of the package can be rectangular. The package is provided with a vacuum port and an air filling hole that connects the continuous channel to the outside. The air filling hole is used to fill the continuous channel during hot isostatic pressing. The vacuum port can evacuate the part other than the continuous channel. In addition, metal sheets are added as an isolation layer at the position where the package is in direct contact with the assembly, the position where the assembly is in direct contact with the metal pad, and the position where the package is in direct contact with the metal pad. Finally, the package containing the assembly is evacuated to 10 -2 Pa, after the overall sealing, hot isostatic pressing treatment is carried out, the sintering temperature is 1050℃, the pressure is 150MPa, and the time is 2h; at the same time, the high-temperature and high-pressure inert gas used for hot isostatic pressing enters the continuous channel, but does not enter the package. After filling the continuous channel, the pressure in the continuous channel reaches 150MPa as a whole, so that the continuous channel will not be deformed.

[0146] (4) Heat treatment for copper alloy performance recovery: The assembly is subjected to solution annealing at 900°C for 1 h and aging at 480°C for 2 h, so that the thermodynamic properties of the copper alloy are restored to a certain extent. Then the sheath is removed, the assembly is taken out, the metal pads and metal sheets are removed, and the copper alloy / steel composite assembly is obtained;

[0147] (5) Second HIP process: multiple W / OFC composite sheets are arranged as a whole to form a composite sheet layer, which is arranged on the CuCrZr copper alloy plate in the copper alloy / steel composite assembly and a certain gap is retained between each W / OFC composite sheet. After the encapsulation and sealing treatment in step (3), a second hot isostatic pressing is performed, and the sintering temperature is 560-580°C, the pressure is 100-120MPa, and the time is 2h; at the same time, the high-temperature and high-pressure inert gas used for hot isostatic pressing enters the continuous channel, but does not enter the encapsulation. After filling the continuous channel, the pressure in the continuous channel is made to reach the hot isostatic pressing pressure as a whole, so that the continuous channel will not be deformed.

[0148] Then the sheath is removed, the assembly is taken out, and after the metal pads and metal sheets are removed, a special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component of tungsten alloy / copper alloy / steel is obtained. The detection method of Example 1 was used to carry out non-destructive testing and tensile testing on the special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component prepared by the process parameters of this comparative example. The non-destructive testing results show that there are no cracks at the bonding interface of oxygen-free copper / copper alloy and copper alloy / steel. However, the tensile test results show that the average interface bonding strength between the CuCrZr copper alloy plate and the 316L stainless steel plate is 286MPa, which is lower than the 324MPa interface bonding strength obtained by the hot isostatic pressing one-step diffusion welding process in Example 1. Although the second HIP temperature is set below 650°C to make the thermodynamic properties of the intermediate layer CuCrZr as unaffected by temperature as much as possible, it still affects the interface bonding strength between the CuCrZr copper alloy plate and the 316L stainless steel plate.

[0149] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Primary processing: processing the W / OFC composite sheet, copper alloy and steel into specific sizes and cleaning the surface, wherein the copper alloy and steel are provided with flow channels inside; S2, assembly: the ports of the flow channel inside the copper alloy and the steel are connected together by welding to form a continuous channel, and at the same time, the W / OFC composite sheet, copper alloy and steel are assembled into a special-shaped tungsten copper steel composite component in the order of W / OFC composite sheet, copper alloy and steel; S3, sealing and welding: the special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite components and the metal pads are put into the package, vacuumized and sealed and welded, and the package can make the continuous channel communicate with the outside after sealing and welding; S4. Hot isostatic pressing: The sealed and welded special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite components are subjected to hot isostatic pressing. At the same time, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas used for hot isostatic pressing will fill the continuous channel to prevent its deformation.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component is a composite plate structure, and the composite plate structure is sequentially: a W / OFC composite layer at the top layer, a copper alloy plate in the middle, and a steel plate at the bottom support; further, a transition layer is provided between the W / OFC composite layer and the copper alloy plate and / or between the copper alloy plate and the steel plate; further, the material of the transition layer is one or more of nickel, silver, titanium, chromium, and tantalum, and / or the thickness of the transition layer is 0-0.2 mm.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the W / OFC composite sheet, the W layer has a thickness of 2 to 30 mm, and the OFC layer has a thickness of 0.2 to 10 mm; And / or, the copper alloy is preferably ODS-Cu or CuCrZr alloy; further, the CuCrZr alloy comprises, by mass percentage, 0.60-0.90% Cr, 0.07-0.15% Zr, the remainder of copper and inevitable impurities with a total amount less than 0.15%; further, the inevitable impurities, by mass percentage, comprise Co≤0.05%, Nb≤0.10%, and Ta≤0.01%; and / or, the steel is stainless steel or low activation steel; And / or, the flow channels are distributed in parallel, crossed or other complex forms.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The welding uses one or more of nickel alloy, titanium alloy, silver alloy and copper alloy as transition material; and / or the welding is one of brazing, argon arc welding, electron beam welding and laser welding.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before the sealing welding, a metal sheet or graphite is used as an isolation layer to separate the special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component from the metal pad, the special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component from the sheath, and the metal pad from the sheath; And / or, the package is a package of regular shape; And / or, the package is provided with a vacuum port and an air filling hole connecting the continuous channel with the outside, the air filling hole is used to fill air into the continuous channel during hot isostatic pressing, and the vacuum port can be used to vacuum the part other than the continuous channel; And / or, the sheath is made of steel, copper, nickel, titanium and alloys thereof; And / or, the metal pad is made of molybdenum, tantalum, niobium, copper, titanium, nickel, cobalt and alloys thereof.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vacuuming is: vacuuming to ≤10 under the condition of room temperature to 800°C -1 Pa.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the hot isostatic pressing treatment, the pressure in the continuous channel is the same as the pressure during the hot isostatic pressing treatment; And / or, the high temperature and high pressure gas is a high temperature and high pressure inert gas.

8. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sintering temperature of the hot isostatic pressing treatment is 800-1050° C., the sintering pressure is 80-150 MPa, and the pressure holding time is 2-3 hours.

9. A special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component, characterized in that: It is prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. An application of a special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 or a special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component according to claim 9, characterized in that: The special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel composite component is used as a special-shaped tungsten-copper-steel active water-cooling plasma-facing component in a nuclear fusion divertor component.

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