Machining method for meter core second shaft of mechanical meter

Abstract

The invention provides a mechanical watch movement second shaft machining method. The mechanical watch core second shaft machining method comprises the steps that a, a high-precision metal bar is adopted and cut into a machining blank meeting the length requirement of a second shaft, preliminary deburring and polishing treatment are conducted on the surface of the blank, machining errors caused by surface defects are reduced, and materials with obvious defects are removed through quality detection; according to the mechanical watch core second shaft machining method, through application of the key model and the optimization technology, the machining precision and the surface quality of the mechanical watch core second shaft are remarkably improved. Through introduction of the flexible clamping device and combination of an elastic modulus and pressure distribution optimization algorithm, the problem of workpiece deformation caused by too large clamping force in traditional machining is effectively solved, and the method is particularly suitable for machining of a second shaft with a small size. According to the high-frequency ultrasonic vibration auxiliary turning technology, by means of dynamically-adjusted vibration frequency and cutting force distribution, the influence of machining vibration on the surface quality is reduced, and the cutting efficiency is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of watch movement seconds shaft processing, in particular to a method for processing a mechanical watch movement seconds shaft. Background Art

[0002] The second axis processing method of mechanical watch movement relies on the high-precision machine tool equipment of milling lathe. This equipment combines the two processing methods of milling and turning, and completes multiple processes of complex workpieces through one clamping, which greatly improves the processing efficiency and accuracy. Its basic structure includes: Spindle system: provides high-speed rotation to drive metal bars for turning processing. Tool chuck and tool magazine: equipped with different types of turning tools and milling tools to achieve flexible switching of tools during processing. Automatic feeding device: ensures stable feeding of bars to meet the needs of efficient mass production. Machine tool bed and support structure: provides a stable base to ensure seismic performance and stability during processing. CNC system: controls key parameters such as tool path, feed speed, cutting depth, etc. through pre-programmed CNC programs. The machining process of the seconds axis mainly includes two steps: first, the basic contour machining of the axis body, such as the outer diameter and length, is completed by turning; then the complex structure is finely machined using milling tools, including machining of characteristic parts such as shoulders, steps, keyways and threads, to ensure that the seconds axis of the watch movement has the required dimensional accuracy and surface finish. The basic principle of milling lathe machining is to rely on high-speed rotating tools to cut metal materials, and through the synergy of turning and milling, quickly complete the high-precision machining of micro parts.

[0003] Although this processing method has significant advantages of high efficiency and high precision, it still has the following obvious defects in practical applications: the size of the second axis is very small, and it is easy to deform or damage due to improper clamping force during processing. Processing vibration may affect the surface finish and even cause scrapping. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for processing the seconds shaft of a mechanical watch movement, which solves the problem that the seconds shaft is very small and is easily deformed or damaged due to improper clamping force during processing, and the processing vibration may affect the surface finish and even cause it to be scrapped.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a method for processing a second axis of a mechanical watch movement, comprising:

[0006] a. Use high-precision metal bars and cut them into processing blanks that meet the requirements of the second axis length. Perform preliminary deburring and polishing on the surface of the blanks to reduce processing errors caused by surface defects, and eliminate materials with obvious defects through quality inspection;

[0007] b. Use a flexible clamping device to fix the workpiece. The clamping device includes an elastic adjustment mechanism and a flexible material covering layer. The clamping force is optimized in combination with the following formula to avoid deformation of the workpiece caused by excessive clamping force:

[0008]

[0009] where F c is the clamping force, E is the elastic modulus of the material, A c The clamping contact area is equipped with a pressure sensor to monitor the clamping force distribution in real time and feed the data back to the central control system, so as to achieve the optimal clamping effect by dynamically adjusting the clamping claw position and pressure.

[0010] c. The outer diameter of the second axis substrate is initially processed by high-frequency ultrasonic vibration-assisted turning, and the cutting force and vibration amplitude are optimized by combining the following dynamic formula:

[0011]

[0012] Among them A v is the vibration amplitude, ω is the vibration frequency, F c The servo system dynamically adjusts the frequency and amplitude of ultrasonic vibration according to the processing feedback, and optimizes the cutting parameters in combination with the material database to improve cutting efficiency and reduce the impact of vibration on surface quality.

[0013] d. Use low-temperature coolant for low-temperature cooling control during processing, optimize cooling efficiency through the following formula, and reduce dimensional errors caused by thermal expansion during processing:

[0014]

[0015] Where Q is the cooling heat transfer; combined with computational fluid dynamics simulation, the coolant flow, injection angle and coverage are optimized;

[0016] e. Use five-axis milling technology to process the complex structural parts of the second axis, including the shoulder, cone and groove, and dynamically adjust the machining trajectory in combination with the following path optimization formula:

[0017]

[0018] During multi-axis machining, the tool inclination angle and feed path are dynamically adjusted, and the machining accuracy of complex surfaces is optimized by combining CAD / CAM technology to ensure the integrity of the micro-geometric features of the second axis;

[0019] f. Finishing and surface treatment: Use a micro-polishing tool to gradually reduce the speed of the processed second axis surface and optimize the polishing parameters in combination with the following surface roughness formula:

[0020]

[0021] The optical measurement system monitors the roughness data in real time and dynamically adjusts the polishing speed and polishing pressure to ensure that the surface finish reaches R a ≤0.2 micron requirement;

[0022] g. Re-fix the processed second axis with a micro two-point clamping device, correct the workpiece positioning through geometric error analysis, use a laser detector to scan and measure the entire surface of the second axis, generate a three-dimensional data model and compare it with the design target to ensure that the tolerance range is within ±1 micron; judge the processing quality through data analysis and automatically adjust the subsequent process parameters;

[0023] h. The qualified second axis is sent to the packaging area through a contactless automatic conveying device with air cushion transmission. The suspension height is controlled by combining the dynamic air pressure gradient to avoid surface damage and dimensional deviation caused by contact. The transmission system is equipped with a position feedback device to ensure the accuracy of the transmission path.

[0024] Preferably, the flexible clamping device combines the elastic modulus and surface hardness data of the workpiece material, optimizes the clamping point position and pressure distribution of the clamping device through a pressure distribution algorithm, and reduces clamping marks.

[0025] Preferably, the ultrasonic vibration assisted turning step automatically adjusts the vibration frequency range and cutting force coefficient between 20kHz and 50kHz to adapt to different processing materials through a feedback control system combined with a material database.

[0026] Preferably, the low-temperature cooling control dynamically adjusts the coolant flow rate and coverage area through real-time monitoring data of the heat distribution in the processing area combined with a thermal expansion compensation algorithm to improve processing dimensional stability.

[0027] Preferably, the five-axis milling technology is combined with the Bezier curve fitting technology of the tool motion trajectory to optimize the complex surface processing path and ensure the geometric accuracy and consistency of the processed surface.

[0028] Preferably, the finishing and surface treatment further improves the surface finish by gradually reducing the speed and combining the electrolytic polishing technology to ensure that the surface roughness reaches R a Ultra-high standard of ≤0.1 micron.

[0029] Preferably, the laser detector uses multi-beam scanning technology to perform three-dimensional scanning of the entire surface of the workpiece, combines artificial intelligence analysis to automatically generate a processing deviation report, and optimizes subsequent processes.

[0030] Preferably, the contactless transmission device adopts an airflow distribution gradient control system, and monitors the suspension stability of the workpiece in real time through sensors to prevent swinging or collision during the transmission process.

[0031] The present invention provides a method for processing a second axis of a mechanical watch movement. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] Through the application of key models and optimization technologies, the machining accuracy and surface quality of the second axis of mechanical watch cores have been significantly improved. By introducing a flexible clamping device and combining the elastic modulus and pressure distribution optimization algorithm, the problem of workpiece deformation caused by excessive clamping force in traditional processing is effectively solved, which is particularly suitable for the processing of second axes with small sizes. High-frequency ultrasonic vibration-assisted turning technology uses dynamically adjusted vibration frequency and cutting force distribution to reduce the impact of machining vibration on surface quality and significantly improve cutting efficiency. Low-temperature cooling control ensures the accuracy of temperature control and avoids dimensional errors caused by thermal expansion by real-time monitoring of the thermal distribution of the machining area, combined with CFD simulation and thermal expansion compensation algorithm. On the basis of improving machining accuracy, this technical solution focuses on optimizing the automation level and process efficiency. The laser detector uses multi-beam scanning technology to achieve three-dimensional measurement of the entire surface of the second axis, automatically generates a machining deviation report combined with artificial intelligence analysis, and dynamically adjusts subsequent process parameters, greatly reducing the complexity of manual intervention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for processing the seconds axis of a mechanical watch movement, including: a. using high-precision metal bars to cut them into processed blanks that meet the length requirements of the seconds axis, performing preliminary deburring and polishing treatments on the surface of the blanks to reduce processing errors caused by surface defects, and removing materials with obvious defects through quality inspection.

[0036] b. Use a flexible clamping device to fix the workpiece. The clamping device includes an elastic adjustment mechanism and a flexible material covering layer. The clamping force is optimized in combination with the following formula to avoid deformation of the workpiece caused by excessive clamping force:

[0037]

[0038] where F c is the clamping force, E is the elastic modulus of the material, A cThe clamping contact area is equipped with a pressure sensor to monitor the clamping force distribution in real time and feed the data back to the central control system. The optimal clamping effect is achieved by dynamically adjusting the clamping claw position and pressure. The flexible clamping device combines the elastic modulus and surface hardness data of the workpiece material, and optimizes the clamping point position and pressure distribution of the clamping device through the pressure distribution algorithm to reduce clamping marks.

[0039] c. The outer diameter of the second axis substrate is initially processed by high-frequency ultrasonic vibration-assisted turning, and the cutting force and vibration amplitude are optimized by combining the following dynamic formula:

[0040]

[0041] Among them A v is the vibration amplitude, ω is the vibration frequency, F c The servo system dynamically adjusts the frequency and amplitude of ultrasonic vibration according to processing feedback, and optimizes cutting parameters in combination with the material database to improve cutting efficiency and reduce the impact of vibration on surface quality. The ultrasonic vibration-assisted turning step automatically adjusts the vibration frequency range and cutting force coefficient between 20kHz and 50kHz to adapt to different processing materials through the feedback control system combined with the material database.

[0042] d. Use low-temperature coolant for low-temperature cooling control during processing, optimize cooling efficiency through the following formula, and reduce dimensional errors caused by thermal expansion during processing:

[0043]

[0044] Where Q is the cooling heat transfer. Combined with computational fluid dynamics simulation, the coolant flow rate, injection angle and coverage are optimized. Low-temperature cooling control uses real-time monitoring data of heat distribution in the processing area, combined with thermal expansion compensation algorithm to dynamically adjust the coolant flow rate and coverage area to improve processing dimensional stability. This process combines the following technical features:

[0045] Thermal distribution monitoring: Use infrared thermal imaging sensors or temperature sensors to monitor the temperature distribution of the processing area in real time, generate thermal distribution data maps, and mark the processing parts with higher temperatures.

[0046] Dynamically adjust the coolant flow rate: adjust the coolant flow rate according to the monitoring data to ensure that the heat is dissipated quickly and avoid local overheating that affects the dimensional stability of the workpiece.

[0047] Coverage area optimization: By adjusting the coolant spray angle and nozzle position, the areas with higher temperatures are accurately covered to avoid coolant waste or failure to fully cover critical areas.

[0048] Thermal expansion compensation algorithm

[0049] The thermal expansion compensation algorithm is based on the thermal expansion characteristics of metal materials. By analyzing the temperature data, it predicts the dimensional error caused by temperature changes during the processing and dynamically adjusts the processing conditions and cooling strategies.

[0050] Thermal expansion formula:

[0051] Thermal expansion compensation calculates the dimensional change of the workpiece due to temperature change according to the following formula:

[0052] ΔL=α·L0·ΔT

[0053] in:

[0054] ΔL: Expansion of workpiece length

[0055] α: Linear expansion coefficient of the material

[0056] L0: initial length

[0057] ΔT: Temperature change

[0058] Dynamic compensation: Combined with real-time thermal distribution monitoring data, it predicts the dimensional expansion that may be caused by high-temperature areas, and dynamically compensates by adjusting tool cutting parameters or coolant injection intensity to reduce the impact of expansion errors on machining accuracy.

[0059] e. Use five-axis milling technology to process the complex structural parts of the second axis, including the shoulder, cone and groove, and dynamically adjust the machining trajectory in combination with the following path optimization formula:

[0060]

[0061] During multi-axis machining, the tool inclination angle and feed path are dynamically adjusted, and CAD / CAM technology is combined to optimize the machining accuracy of complex surfaces to ensure the integrity of the micro-geometric features of the second axis.

[0062] f. Finishing and surface treatment: Use a micro-polishing tool to gradually reduce the speed of the processed second axis surface and optimize the polishing parameters in combination with the following surface roughness formula:

[0063]

[0064] The optical measurement system monitors the roughness data in real time and dynamically adjusts the polishing speed and polishing pressure to ensure that the surface finish reaches R a To meet the requirement of ≤0.2 micron, five-axis milling technology is combined with Bezier curve fitting technology of tool motion trajectory to optimize the complex surface processing path, ensure the geometric accuracy and consistency of the processed surface, and the finishing and surface treatment are further improved through the gradual speed reduction strategy combined with electrolytic polishing technology to ensure that the surface roughness reaches the ultra-high standard of microns.

[0065] g. Use a micro two-point clamping device to re-fix the processed second axis, correct the workpiece positioning through geometric error analysis, use a laser detector to scan and measure the entire surface of the second axis, generate a three-dimensional data model and compare it with the design target to ensure that the tolerance range is within ±1 micron. Use data analysis to judge the processing quality and automatically adjust the subsequent process parameters. The laser detector uses multi-beam scanning technology to perform a three-dimensional scan of the entire surface of the workpiece, and combines artificial intelligence analysis to automatically generate a processing deviation report and optimize the subsequent process.

[0066] h. The qualified second axis is sent to the packaging area through a non-contact automatic conveying device with air cushion transmission. The suspension height is controlled in combination with the dynamic air pressure gradient to avoid surface damage and dimensional deviation caused by contact. The transmission system is equipped with a position feedback device to ensure the accuracy of the transmission path. The non-contact transmission device adopts an airflow distribution gradient control system. The sensor monitors the suspension stability of the workpiece in real time to prevent swinging or collision during the transmission process. The airflow distribution gradient: By dynamically adjusting the distribution pressure gradient of the airflow under the transmission track, the suspension height of the workpiece in the transmission path is ensured to be stable. The distribution of the airflow follows the following formula:

[0067]

[0068] in:

[0069] P(x,y): airflow pressure at coordinate position (x,y).

[0070] P0: initial pressure of gas source;

[0071] σ: Standard deviation parameter that controls the pressure distribution range.

[0072] Suspension force control: The air cushion pressure generated by the transmission track surface acts on the contact area at the bottom of the workpiece to form a suspension force:

[0073] F s =P(x,y)·A

[0074] where F s is the suspension force, and A is the force-bearing area at the bottom of the workpiece.

[0075] Sensor monitoring: Multiple sensors are arranged in the transport track to monitor the suspension height, horizontal deviation and attitude stability of the workpiece in real time. These sensors measure the distance between the workpiece and the track surface and the tilt angle of the workpiece through laser or ultrasonic waves.

[0076] Feedback adjustment: If the suspended height of the workpiece is detected to deviate from the set value or swing, the sensor will feed back the data to the central control system in real time. The control system will adjust the output pressure or distribution range of the gas source according to the data to restore the workpiece to a stable state.

[0077] Specific measures to prevent swings and collisions

[0078] Dynamic air pressure control: When the workpiece swings due to inertia during transportation, the system captures the swing direction through sensors and adjusts the air pressure gradient in the corresponding direction, thereby generating a suspension torque to restore balance and ensure the stability of the workpiece posture.

[0079] Multi-axis control: For suspension stability in three-dimensional space, the system can independently regulate the airflow distribution in the x and y directions, and dynamically adjust the suspension height (z-axis direction) to keep the workpiece stable in both horizontal and vertical directions.

[0080] Damping design: Reduce the swing amplitude of the workpiece through air flow buffering and damping, gradually eliminate the impact of vibration, and prevent the workpiece from contacting the track due to vibration.

[0081] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for processing a second axis of a mechanical watch movement, characterized in that: include: a. Use high-precision metal bars and cut them into processing blanks that meet the requirements of the second axis length. Perform preliminary deburring and polishing on the surface of the blanks to reduce processing errors caused by surface defects, and eliminate materials with obvious defects through quality inspection; b. Use a flexible clamping device to fix the workpiece. The clamping device includes an elastic adjustment mechanism and a flexible material covering layer. The clamping force is optimized in combination with the following formula to avoid deformation of the workpiece caused by excessive clamping force: where F c is the clamping force, E is the elastic modulus of the material, A c The clamping contact area is equipped with a pressure sensor to monitor the clamping force distribution in real time and feed the data back to the central control system, so as to achieve the optimal clamping effect by dynamically adjusting the clamping claw position and pressure. c. The outer diameter of the second axis substrate is initially processed by high-frequency ultrasonic vibration-assisted turning, and the cutting force and vibration amplitude are optimized by combining the following dynamic formula: Among them A v is the vibration amplitude, ω is the vibration frequency, F c The servo system dynamically adjusts the frequency and amplitude of ultrasonic vibration according to the processing feedback, and optimizes the cutting parameters in combination with the material database to improve cutting efficiency and reduce the impact of vibration on surface quality. d. Use low-temperature coolant for low-temperature cooling control during processing, optimize cooling efficiency through the following formula, and reduce dimensional errors caused by thermal expansion during processing: Where Q is the cooling heat transfer; combined with computational fluid dynamics simulation, the coolant flow, injection angle and coverage are optimized; e. Use five-axis milling technology to process the complex structural parts of the second axis, including the shoulder, cone surface and groove, and dynamically adjust the processing trajectory in combination with the following path optimization formula: During multi-axis machining, the tool inclination angle and feed path are dynamically adjusted, and the machining accuracy of complex surfaces is optimized by combining CAD / CAM technology to ensure the integrity of the micro-geometric features of the second axis; f. Finishing and surface treatment: Use a micro-polishing tool to gradually reduce the speed of the processed second axis surface and optimize the polishing parameters in combination with the following surface roughness formula: The optical measurement system monitors the roughness data in real time and dynamically adjusts the polishing speed and polishing pressure to ensure that the surface finish reaches R a ≤0.2 micron requirement; g. Re-fix the processed second axis with a micro two-point clamping device, correct the workpiece positioning through geometric error analysis, use a laser detector to scan and measure the entire surface of the second axis, generate a three-dimensional data model and compare it with the design target to ensure that the tolerance range is within ±1 micron; judge the processing quality through data analysis and automatically adjust the subsequent process parameters; h. The qualified second axis is sent to the packaging area through a contactless automatic conveying device with air cushion transmission. The suspension height is controlled by combining the dynamic air pressure gradient to avoid surface damage and dimensional deviation caused by contact. The transmission system is equipped with a position feedback device to ensure the accuracy of the transmission path.

2. The method for processing the seconds axis of a mechanical watch movement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible clamping device combines the elastic modulus and surface hardness data of the workpiece material, optimizes the clamping point position and pressure distribution of the clamping device through a pressure distribution algorithm, and reduces clamping marks.

3. The method for processing the seconds axis of a mechanical watch movement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultrasonic vibration assisted turning step automatically adjusts the vibration frequency range and cutting force coefficient between 20kHz and 50kHz to adapt to different processing materials through a feedback control system combined with a material database.

4. The method for processing the seconds axis of a mechanical watch movement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-temperature cooling control dynamically adjusts the coolant flow rate and coverage area through real-time monitoring data of heat distribution in the processing area combined with a thermal expansion compensation algorithm to improve processing dimensional stability.

5. The method for processing the seconds axis of a mechanical watch movement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The five-axis milling technology is combined with the Bezier curve fitting technology of the tool motion trajectory to optimize the complex surface processing path and ensure the geometric accuracy and consistency of the processed surface.

6. The method for machining the seconds axis of a mechanical watch movement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The finishing and surface treatment adopts a gradual speed reduction strategy and combines electrolytic polishing technology to further improve the surface finish and ensure that the surface roughness reaches R a Ultra-high standard of ≤0.1 micron.

7. The method for machining the seconds axis of a mechanical watch movement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser detector uses multi-beam scanning technology to perform three-dimensional scanning of the entire surface of the workpiece, combines artificial intelligence analysis to automatically generate a processing deviation report, and optimizes subsequent processes.

8. The method for machining the seconds axis of a mechanical watch movement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The contactless transmission device adopts an airflow distribution gradient control system, and monitors the suspension stability of the workpiece in real time through sensors to prevent swinging or collision during the transmission process.

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