Vegetable tanned leather cultural relic identification method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of protection of leather cultural relics, and discloses an efficient and lossless identification method of vegetable tanned leather cultural relics. The method comprises the following steps: testing to obtain a synchrotron radiation light source small-angle X-ray one-dimensional diffraction pattern of the leather cultural relic, and observing whether the pattern has an obvious periodic diffraction peak or not; if no obvious periodic diffraction peak exists, the leather cultural relic is the vegetable tanning leather cultural relic; wherein the moisture content of the leather cultural relic is 5%-15%. Compared with the prior art, a non-destructive means is adopted, the cultural relic structure is ensured to be intact, and the cultural relic protection requirement is met; the identification process is efficient and rapid, an accurate result can be obtained only in 0.1-1 second, the identification period is remarkably shortened, and the manpower and time cost is reduced; the types of the leather cultural relics can be intuitively judged by observing diffraction peaks in a diffraction pattern, and the identification process is simplified; the technology is high in adaptability, is not influenced by the shape, form and preservation state of the cultural relics, does not need complex pretreatment, and is suitable for identifying various leather cultural relics.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of leather cultural relic protection, and particularly relates to an identification method for vegetable tanned leather cultural relics. Background Art

[0002] As a key element in the evolution of human civilization, leather is closely linked to the progress of society. It not only carries the material and cultural heritage of different ethnic groups around the world, but also reflects their spiritual outlook. Therefore, it is particularly important to strengthen the scientific management and protection of leather cultural relics to ensure that their cultural value can be inherited and demonstrated. Tanning agents play a vital role in the leather processing process, significantly improving the stability and durability of leather. In particular, vegetable tanned leather made from plant tannins occupies a pivotal position in leather cultural relics due to its wide range of raw materials and long history. Accurate identification of vegetable tanned leather is crucial to the formulation of effective protection strategies. However, existing identification techniques are often complicated and cumbersome, and may even cause damage to cultural relics, which obviously violates the principle of non-destructive testing. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop more advanced, efficient and non-destructive identification methods for vegetable tanned leather cultural relics. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the problems existing in the background technology, the present invention aims to provide a non-destructive and quick method for identifying vegetable tanned leather cultural relics.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A method for identifying plant-tanned leather cultural relics, the identification steps are as follows: The test is to obtain the synchrotron radiation light source small-angle X-ray one-dimensional diffraction pattern of the leather artifact, and observe whether there is an obvious periodic diffraction peak in the pattern. If there is no obvious periodic diffraction peak, the leather artifact is a vegetable tanned leather artifact; Among them, the moisture content of the leather cultural relics is 5%-15%.

[0005] Preferably, the leather cultural relics include any one of goat leather cultural relics, sheep leather cultural relics, cow leather cultural relics, pig leather cultural relics, deer leather cultural relics, horse leather cultural relics, donkey leather cultural relics and modern leather.

[0006] Preferably, the leather artifact sample comprises any one of leather pieces, leather residues and leather particles.

[0007] Preferably, the test time of small-angle X-ray scattering of the synchrotron radiation source is 0.1-1 s.

[0008] Preferably, the vegetable tanned leather cultural relics include any one of hydrolyzed tannin tanned leather cultural relics and condensed tannin tanned leather cultural relics.

[0009] More preferably, the hydrolyzable tannin comprises any one of oak tannin, quinoa tannin, chestnut tannin, sumac tannin, kelp tannin and tara tannin.

[0010] More preferably, the condensed tannins include any one of black wattle tannin, quebracho tannin, larch tannin, bayberry tannin, pomelo tannin, redroot tannin, casuarina tannin, pachysandra tannin and acacia mangium tannin.

[0011] The present invention uses synchrotron radiation light source small-angle X-ray technology to identify vegetable tanned leather cultural relics, which has the following advantages over the prior art: (1) Non-destructive testing to protect cultural relics: The use of non-destructive methods avoids damage to the structure of cultural relics and meets the strict requirements of cultural relic protection.

[0012] (2) Efficient identification and simplified process: Accurate results can be obtained in just 0.1-1 seconds, which greatly shortens the identification cycle and reduces manpower and time costs.

[0013] (3) The results are intuitive and the data is clear: By observing the diffraction peaks in the diffraction pattern, the type of leather artifact can be quickly determined, reducing the complexity of identification.

[0014] (4) Widely applicable, regardless of differences: The technology has strong adaptability and is not affected by the shape, form and preservation status of the cultural relics. It does not require complex pre-processing and is suitable for a variety of leather cultural relics. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 This is the synchrotron radiation light source small-angle X-ray one-dimensional diffraction pattern of the ancient goat vegetable tanned leather simulation sample of Example 1; Figure 2 The synchrotron radiation source small-angle X-ray one-dimensional diffraction pattern of the untanned sheep sour hide in Example 2; Figure 3 This is the synchrotron radiation light source small-angle X-ray one-dimensional diffraction pattern of the simulated sample of ancient cow aluminum tanned leather in Example 3; Figure 4 The synchrotron radiation light source small-angle X-ray one-dimensional diffraction pattern of the ancient sheep smoked tanned leather simulation sample in Example 4; Figure 5 This is the one-dimensional diffraction pattern of the ancient cattle vegetable tanned leather simulation sample of comparative example 1 using a synchrotron radiation light source small-angle X-ray. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is described in detail below in combination with specific implementation cases and with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be pointed out that the following actual cases are only further detailed descriptions of the present invention and do not limit the protection scope of the present invention. Relevant technicians can still make some non-essential improvements and adjustments based on the research content of the present invention.

[0017] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for identifying vegetable tanned leather cultural relics, and the identification steps are as follows: The test obtains the one-dimensional diffraction pattern of synchrotron radiation light source small-angle X-rays of the leather artifact, and observes whether there are obvious periodic diffraction peaks in the pattern; if there are no obvious periodic diffraction peaks, the leather artifact is a vegetable tanned leather artifact; wherein the moisture content of the leather artifact is 5%-15%.

[0018] In the process of realizing the present invention, the applicant discovered through a lot of practice that compared with other types of tanned leather, there is no obvious periodic diffraction peak in the one-dimensional diffraction pattern of small-angle X-rays of synchrotron radiation light source for vegetable tanned leather. This may be because the tannin in the vegetable tanned leather sample has a wrapping and shielding effect around the collagen fibers, causing background scattering and causing the signal to disappear. A moisture content higher than 15% will weaken this effect, causing the vegetable tanned leather to show periodic diffraction peaks; and the presence of bound water in the leather prevents its moisture content from being lower than 5%. ‌Therefore, only when the moisture content is between 5% and 15%, the test results meet the identification method of the present invention‌‌.

[0019] It should be noted that the identification method of the present invention is applicable to the identification of all leathers, that is, modern leather and leather cultural relics are applicable. Since leather cultural relics cannot be damaged during the identification process of leather cultural relics, the method of the present invention is particularly applicable to leather cultural relics. Leather cultural relics discovered so far include goat leather cultural relics, sheep leather cultural relics, cow leather cultural relics, pig leather cultural relics, deer leather cultural relics, horse leather cultural relics and donkey leather cultural relics. Due to the limitations of the ancient scientific and technological level, the leather cultural relics include but are not limited to any of the common tanning methods in ancient times, such as aluminum tanned leather, iron tanned leather, vegetable tanned leather, smoked tanned leather, nitrate tanned leather and oil tanned leather.

[0020] In the embodiment of the present invention, how to test and obtain the small-angle X-ray data of the synchrotron radiation source is adaptively adjusted by those skilled in the art based on experience, and no special limitation is required. For example, basic fixed test parameters such as X-ray energy and the test distance between the detector and the sample can be adjusted according to the effective test area. The two-dimensional data obtained by the test is converted into one-dimensional data using Fit2D software, and the final spectrum result is further obtained by Gaussian fitting peaks.

[0021] In the embodiment of the present invention, there is no requirement for the shape of the leather artifact sample, which can be any of leather pieces, leather residues and leather particles, but a minimum sample of about 1×1 mm is required to cover the test aperture to avoid hollowing.

[0022] In the embodiment of the present invention, the test time of the small angle X-ray scattering of the synchrotron radiation light source is 0.1~1s. The test time is different according to the moisture content of the leather cultural relics. If the moisture content is 5%~10%, the test time is selected to be 0.1~0.5s to prevent overexposure from interfering with the measurement results. If the moisture content is 10%~15%, the test time is selected to be 0.5~1s to obtain clearer spectrum information.

[0023] The vegetable tanned leather cultural relics include any one of hydrolyzed tannin tanned leather cultural relics and condensed tannin tanned leather cultural relics. In some optional embodiments, the hydrolyzed tannin vegetable tannin leather cultural relics include but are not limited to any one of oak bowl tannin, five gall tannin, chestnut tannin, sumac tannin, cole tannin and tara tannin; the condensed tannin includes any one of black wattle tannin, quebracho tannin, larch tannin, bayberry tannin, pomelo tannin, red root tannin, casuarina tannin, pachysandra tannin and acacia mangium tannin.

[0024] In order to make the technical solution of the present invention clearer, the identification method of vegetable tanned leather cultural relics is further described in detail through a plurality of specific embodiments.

[0025] The synchrotron radiation wide-angle X-ray scattering experiment in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out at the Shanghai Light Source Synchrotron Radiation Wide-angle X-ray Scattering Experiment Station, and the equipment model used is the PILATUS 1M detector.

[0026] Due to the scarcity of leather artifact samples, ancient leather simulation samples were used in the comparative examples and some embodiments. The preparation methods of different simulation samples are as follows: Simulated sample of vegetable tanned leather from ancient goats: The ancients discovered that soaking raw hides with fallen leaves, barks, and dead roots of plants for several months could produce soft and corrosion-resistant leather, thus forming a long-standing vegetable tanning process. The essence of vegetable tanning is that plant tannins (polyphenols extracted from plants) form multi-point hydrogen bond chemical crosslinks through phenolic hydroxyl groups and peptide bonds and side chain active groups of skin collagen. Therefore, a plant tannin extracted from wattle bark, wattle bark tannin, was used as a vegetable tanning agent to tan goatskin, and 10% sulfonated rapeseed oil and 5% sulfated castor oil based on the weight of the tanned leather were used to emulsion fatliquore the tanned leather. After hanging and drying, tumbling, and other processes, the simulated sample of vegetable tanned leather from ancient goats was obtained.

[0027] Ancient cow aluminum tanned leather simulation sample: In ancient Chinese chemistry, "alum" was often used to refer to metal sulfate. Alum is a common natural mineral with a long history and is widely used in leather making. The aluminum salt in alum can react with the carboxyl group of skin collagen to achieve chemical cross-linking and complete the tanning process. Therefore, aluminum sulfate is used as an aluminum tanning agent to tan cowhide, and sulfonated rapeseed oil, sulfated castor oil and hot water are mixed and stirred into an emulsion in a mass ratio of 2:1:9, and evenly applied to the flesh side of the tanned leather. After standing, drying on a stretcher and softening, the ancient cow aluminum tanned leather simulation sample is obtained.

[0028] Ancient sheep smoked tanned leather simulation sample: In ancient times, in order to prolong the storage time of animal skins and avoid decay, the ancients discovered that smoke fumigation can prevent animal skins from deteriorating. Volatile aldehydes and phenols in the smoke can combine with skin collagen to produce a tanning effect, which is the origin of smoke tanning (aldehyde tanning). Since firewood is mainly composed of lignocellulose, its pyrolysis products furfural and guaiacol can simulate volatile small molecules in smoke. Therefore, furfural and guaiacol are used as smoke tanning agents to tan sheep skin, and sulfonated rapeseed oil, sulfated castor oil and hot water are mixed and stirred into an emulsion in a mass ratio of 2:1:9, and evenly applied to the flesh side of the tanned leather. After standing, drying on a stretcher and softening, the ancient sheep smoked tanned leather simulation sample is obtained.

[0029] Example 1 The simulated sample of ancient goat vegetable tanned leather was covered on the sample plate of the synchrotron radiation light source small angle X-ray scattering test instrument. The sample was in the form of a leather block. The tannin used was wattle bark tannin, with a moisture content of about 15%. The X-ray energy was 10 keV, the distance from the sample to the detector was 5.2 m, and the exposure time was 1 s. The test obtained the two-dimensional data results of synchrotron radiation small angle X-ray scattering. The results were converted into one-dimensional data using Fit2D software to observe whether there were periodic diffraction peaks.

[0030] Test results such as Figure 1 As shown, from Figure 1 It can be seen that there is no obvious periodic diffraction peak in the diffraction image, and it is judged to be vegetable tanned leather, which is consistent with the actual situation.

[0031] Example 2 The untanned sheep acid hide sample was covered on the sample plate of the synchrotron radiation light source small angle X-ray scattering test instrument. The sample was in the form of a leather block with a moisture content of about 15%. The X-ray energy was 10 keV, the distance from the sample to the detector was 5.2 m, and the exposure time was 1 s. The test obtained the two-dimensional data results of synchrotron radiation small angle X-ray scattering. The results were converted into one-dimensional data using Fit2D software to observe whether there were periodic diffraction peaks.

[0032] Test results such as Figure 2 As shown, from Figure 2It can be seen that the diffraction image has obvious periodic diffraction peaks, and is identified as non-vegetable tanned leather, which is consistent with the actual situation.

[0033] Example 3 The simulated sample of ancient aluminum-tanned cow leather was covered on the sample plate of the synchrotron radiation light source small-angle X-ray scattering test instrument. The sample was in the form of a leather block with a moisture content of about 15%. The X-ray energy was 10 keV, the distance from the sample to the detector was 5.2 m, and the exposure time was 1 s. The test obtained the two-dimensional data results of synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering. The results were converted into one-dimensional data using Fit2D software to observe whether there were periodic diffraction peaks.

[0034] Test results such as Figure 3 As shown, from Figure 3 It can be seen that the diffraction image has obvious periodic diffraction peaks, and is identified as non-vegetable tanned leather, which is consistent with the actual situation.

[0035] Example 4 The ancient sheep smoked tanned leather simulation sample was covered on the sample plate of the synchrotron radiation light source small angle X-ray scattering test instrument. The sample was in the form of a leather block with a moisture content of about 15%. The X-ray energy was 10keV, the distance from the sample to the detector was 5.2m, and the exposure time was 1s. The test obtained the two-dimensional data results of synchrotron radiation small angle X-ray scattering. The results were converted into one-dimensional data using Fit2D software to observe whether there were periodic diffraction peaks.

[0036] Test results such as Figure 4 As shown, from Figure 4 It can be seen that the diffraction image has obvious periodic diffraction peaks, and is identified as non-vegetable tanned leather, which is consistent with the actual situation.

[0037] Comparative Example 1 The simulated sample of ancient cow vegetable tanned leather was covered on the sample plate of the synchrotron radiation light source small angle X-ray scattering test instrument. The sample was in the form of leather blocks, with a moisture content of about 30%. The X-ray energy was 10keV, the distance from the sample to the detector was 5.2m, and the exposure time was 1s. The test obtained the two-dimensional data results of synchrotron radiation small angle X-ray scattering. The results were converted into one-dimensional data using Fit2D software to observe whether there were periodic diffraction peaks.

[0038] Test results such as Figure 5 As shown, from Figure 5 It can be seen that the diffraction image has obvious periodic diffraction peaks, and is identified as non-vegetable tanned leather, which is inconsistent with the actual situation.

[0039] According to the test results of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that within the specified moisture range, except for the vegetable tanned leather sample, all non-vegetable tanned leather samples show obvious periodic diffraction peaks in the synchrotron radiation light source small angle X-ray scattering result image, and it is relatively simple to distinguish intuitively. The reason for this phenomenon is that the tannin in the vegetable tanned leather sample has a wrapping and shielding effect around the collagen fiber, causing background scattering and causing the signal to disappear (Example 1). However, too high a moisture content will weaken the above effect (Comparative Example 1), so that the vegetable tanned leather also shows periodic diffraction peaks, so the moisture content range of the measured sample must be within the requirement.

[0040] Through the analysis of the above examples and comparative examples, it is not difficult to see that the method is straightforward and effective in identifying vegetable tanned leather cultural relics, and the completely non-destructive testing method is also unattainable by the current existing technology. Compared with the existing technology, the synchrotron radiation light source small-angle X-ray scattering method used in the present invention has obvious progress in the identification of vegetable tanned leather cultural relics and can meet the non-destructive testing requirements of cultural relic identification.

[0041] Example 5 The simulated sample of ancient goat vegetable tanned leather was covered on the sample plate of the synchrotron radiation light source small angle X-ray scattering test instrument. The sample was in the form of leather residue, the tannin used was chestnut tannin, the moisture content was about 5%, the X-ray energy was 10keV, the distance from the sample to the detector was 5.2m, and the exposure time was 0.1s. The test obtained the two-dimensional data results of synchrotron radiation small angle X-ray scattering. The results were converted into one-dimensional data using Fit2D software to observe whether there were diffraction peaks.

[0042] The final results showed that there were no clear periodic diffraction peaks in the spectrum, and it was identified as vegetable tanned leather, which was consistent with the actual situation.

[0043] Example 6 The simulated sample of ancient cow vegetable tanned leather was covered on the sample plate of the synchrotron radiation light source small angle X-ray scattering test instrument. The sample was in the form of leather particles. The tannin type used was Tara tannin, with a moisture content of about 7%. The X-ray energy was 10keV, the distance from the sample to the detector was 5.2m, and the exposure time was 0.3s. The test obtained the two-dimensional data results of synchrotron radiation small angle X-ray scattering. The results were converted into one-dimensional data using Fit2D software to observe whether there were diffraction peaks.

[0044] The final results showed that there were no clear periodic diffraction peaks in the spectrum, and it was identified as vegetable tanned leather, which was consistent with the actual situation.

[0045] Example 7 The simulated sample of ancient pig vegetable tanned leather was covered on the sample plate of the synchrotron radiation light source small angle X-ray scattering test instrument. The sample was in the form of leather blocks, the tannin type used was quebracho tannin, the moisture content was about 7%, the X-ray energy was 10keV, the distance from the sample to the detector was 5.2m, and the exposure time was 0.4s. The test obtained the two-dimensional data results of synchrotron radiation small angle X-ray scattering. The results were converted into one-dimensional data using Fit2D software to observe whether there were diffraction peaks.

[0046] The final results showed that there were no clear periodic diffraction peaks in the spectrum, and it was identified as vegetable tanned leather, which was consistent with the actual situation.

[0047] Example 8 The simulated sample of ancient goat vegetable tanned leather was covered on the sample plate of the synchrotron radiation light source small angle X-ray scattering test instrument. The sample was in the form of leather residue, the tannin used was larch tannin, the moisture content was about 8%, the X-ray energy was 10keV, the distance from the sample to the detector was 5.2m, and the exposure time was 0.3s. The test obtained the two-dimensional data results of synchrotron radiation small angle X-ray scattering. The results were converted into one-dimensional data using Fit2D software to observe whether there were diffraction peaks.

[0048] The final results showed that the goat vegetable tanned leather sample did not have clear periodic diffraction peaks and was identified as vegetable tanned leather, which was consistent with the actual situation.

[0049] Example 9 The simulated sample of ancient sheep vegetable tanned leather was covered on the sample plate of the synchrotron radiation light source small angle X-ray scattering test instrument. The sample was in the form of leather particles. The tannin used was wattle bark tannin, with a moisture content of about 10%. The X-ray energy was 10keV, the distance from the sample to the detector was 5.2m, and the exposure time was 0.5s. The test obtained the two-dimensional data results of synchrotron radiation small angle X-ray scattering. The results were converted into one-dimensional data using Fit2D software to observe whether there were diffraction peaks.

[0050] The final results showed that there were no clear periodic diffraction peaks in the spectrum, and it was identified as vegetable tanned leather, which was consistent with the actual situation.

[0051] Example 10 The simulated sample of ancient cow vegetable tanned leather was covered on the sample plate of the synchrotron radiation light source small angle X-ray scattering test instrument. The sample was in the form of leather blocks. The tannin used was bayberry tannin, with a moisture content of about 10%. The X-ray energy was 10 keV, the distance from the sample to the detector was 5.2 m, and the exposure time was 0.6 s. The test obtained the two-dimensional data results of synchrotron radiation small angle X-ray scattering. The results were converted into one-dimensional data using Fit2D software to observe whether there were diffraction peaks.

[0052] The final results showed that there were no clear periodic diffraction peaks in the spectrum, and it was identified as vegetable tanned leather, which was consistent with the actual situation.

[0053] Embodiment 11 The simulated sample of ancient goat vegetable tanned leather was covered on the sample plate of the synchrotron radiation light source small angle X-ray scattering test instrument. The sample was in the form of leather residue, the tannin type used was chestnut and Tara mixed tannin, the moisture content was about 10%, the X-ray energy was 10keV, the distance from the sample to the detector was 5.2m, and the exposure time was 0.6s. The test obtained the two-dimensional data results of synchrotron radiation small angle X-ray scattering. The results were converted into one-dimensional data using Fit2D software to observe whether there were diffraction peaks.

[0054] The final results showed that there were no clear periodic diffraction peaks in the spectrum, and it was identified as vegetable tanned leather, which was consistent with the actual situation.

[0055] Example 12 A modern sheep vegetable tanned leather sample was covered on the sample plate of the synchrotron radiation light source small angle X-ray scattering test instrument. The sample was in the form of leather particles, with a moisture content of about 11%. The X-ray energy was 10keV, the distance from the sample to the detector was 5.2m, and the exposure time was 0.7s. The test obtained the two-dimensional data results of synchrotron radiation small angle X-ray scattering. The results were converted into one-dimensional data using Fit2D software to observe whether there were diffraction peaks.

[0056] The final results showed that there were no clear periodic diffraction peaks in the spectrum, and it was identified as vegetable tanned leather, which was consistent with the actual situation.

[0057] Embodiment 13 A modern aluminum-tanned cow leather sample was covered on the sample plate of the synchrotron radiation light source small-angle X-ray scattering test instrument. The sample was in the form of a leather block with a moisture content of about 12%. The X-ray energy was 10 keV, the distance from the sample to the detector was 5.2 m, and the exposure time was 0.6 s. The test obtained the two-dimensional data results of synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering. The results were converted into one-dimensional data using Fit2D software to observe whether there were diffraction peaks.

[0058] The final results showed that there were clear periodic diffraction peaks in the spectrum, which was identified as non-vegetable tanned leather, which was consistent with the actual situation.

[0059] Embodiment 14 The leather cultural relic sample from Inner Mongolia, which has been identified as aluminum tanned, was covered on the sample plate of the synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering test instrument. The sample was in the form of leather residue, with a moisture content of about 15%. The X-ray energy was 10keV, the distance from the sample to the detector was 5.2m, and the exposure time was 0.8s. The test obtained the two-dimensional data results of synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering. The results were converted into one-dimensional data using Fit2D software to observe whether there were diffraction peaks.

[0060] The final results showed that there were clear periodic diffraction peaks in the spectrum, which was identified as non-vegetable tanned leather, which was consistent with the actual situation.

[0061] Embodiment 15 The leather cultural relic sample identified as vegetable tanned and originated from Xinjiang was covered on the sample plate of the synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering test instrument. The sample was in the form of leather particles with a moisture content of about 7%. The X-ray energy was 10keV, the distance from the sample to the detector was 5.2m, and the exposure time was 1s. The test obtained the two-dimensional data results of synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering. The results were converted into one-dimensional data using Fit2D software to observe whether there were diffraction peaks.

[0062] The final results showed that there were no clear periodic diffraction peaks in the spectrum, and it was identified as vegetable tanned leather, which was consistent with the actual situation.

[0063] The embodiments described above are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for identifying vegetable tanned leather cultural relics, characterized in that: The identification steps are: The test is to obtain the synchrotron radiation light source small-angle X-ray one-dimensional diffraction pattern of the leather artifact, and observe whether there is an obvious periodic diffraction peak in the pattern. If there is no obvious periodic diffraction peak, the leather artifact is a vegetable tanned leather artifact; Among them, the moisture content of the leather cultural relics is 5%-15%.

2. The method for identifying a plant-tanned leather cultural relic as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The leather cultural relics include any one of goat leather cultural relics, sheep leather cultural relics, cow leather cultural relics, pig leather cultural relics, deer leather cultural relics, horse leather cultural relics, donkey leather cultural relics and modern leather.

3. The method for identifying a plant-tanned leather cultural relic as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The leather artifact sample may be in the form of any one of leather pieces, leather residues and leather particles.

4. The method for identifying a plant-tanned leather cultural relic as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The test time of small-angle X-ray scattering at synchrotron radiation source is 0.1-1 s.

5. The method for identifying a plant-tanned leather cultural relic as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The vegetable tanned leather cultural relics include any one of hydrolyzed tannin tanned leather cultural relics and condensed tannin tanned leather cultural relics.

6. The method for identifying a plant-tanned leather cultural relic as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The hydrolyzable tannins include any one of oak tannins, quinoa tannins, chestnut tannins, sumac tannins, kohlrabi tannins and tara tannins.

7. The method for identifying a plant-tanned leather cultural relic as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The condensed tannins include any one of black wattle tannin, quebracho tannin, larch tannin, bayberry tannin, pomelo tannin, redroot tannin, casuarina tannin, schisandra tannin and acacia mangium tannin.

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