Anti-penetration bionic spiral laminated backboard packaging ceramic composite structure

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of armor protection, and particularly relates to an anti-penetration bionic spiral laminated backboard packaging ceramic composite structure. According to the composite structure, the metal frame strongly restrains ceramic, so that the erosion efficiency of a ceramic material to a projectile is improved, meanwhile, the damage range under single impact is reduced through packaging, and therefore the multiple-impact-resistant capacity of the protective structure is improved. And the spiral laminated backboard on the lower surface of the ceramic is mainly used for providing back support for the ceramic material, so that the crushing of the ceramic material is delayed, and the penetration resistance of the ceramic is improved. The high-molecular polymer material back plate of the composite protection structure absorbs energy of shots and broken ceramic fragments through large deformation by means of the high tensile strength of the high-molecular polymer material back plate, and therefore the protection structure is prevented from being subjected to aftereffect damage after penetration of the shots. In addition, the overall thickness and the surface density of the composite protection structure are low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of armor protection, and in particular relates to a bionic spiral laminated backplane packaging ceramic composite structure for anti-penetration. Background Art

[0002] The continuous development of modern warfare weapon technology and the complexity of the combat environment have put forward higher requirements for protective structures. Especially in the environment of strong transient impact loads, a new type of protective structure that is both lightweight, high-performance and multifunctional is urgently needed to cope with the high-intensity destructive capability of modern anti-armor weapons. Traditional armor protection structures mainly rely on a single material, which has obvious deficiencies in impact resistance, toughness and weight control. Ceramic materials have become an important part of the anti-penetration field due to their high hardness, high compressive strength and high modulus, but they are brittle and prone to crack expansion and breakage during the impact process, which limits their practical application effect. To make up for this deficiency, ceramics are usually combined with metals or polymer materials to form a composite structure. However, existing protective structures such as lattice composite structures and corrugated composite structures lack system optimization designs for energy absorption and crack control, especially in multiple strikes and high-intensity impact environments. The performance is not ideal. The current protective structure design is difficult to fully meet the actual battlefield's demand for lightweight and efficient protection. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a packaging ceramic composite structure that integrates advanced materials and bionic design concepts, which can not only significantly improve the anti-penetration capability and protection performance against multiple strikes, but also take into account lightweight and practicality to adapt to future complex combat environments and protection needs. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical solution of the present invention is: to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, introduce a combined design of a bionic spiral laminated back plate with excellent impact resistance and a ceramic block, a metal panel and a flexible backing, and develop a packaged ceramic composite structure with strong impact resistance, good energy absorption effect and light weight by optimizing the structure and material properties, which significantly improves the protection performance and greatly reduces the structural weight, providing an innovative solution for efficient protection in complex combat environments.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is:

[0005] A bionic spiral laminated backplane packaged ceramic composite structure for anti-penetration, the composite structure comprising a metal panel 1, a ceramic block 2, a package frame 3, a spiral laminated backplane 4 and a flexible backing 5;

[0006] The ceramic block 2 is a hexagonal ceramic block, and a plurality of ceramic blocks 2 are embedded in the packaging frame 3;

[0007] The spiral laminated back plate 4 is prepared by rotating and laying thin layers of unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg layer by layer at an angle θ between adjacent layers;

[0008] The angle θ between adjacent layers of the spiral laminated backing plate 4 is 5° to 90°;

[0009] The total number of layers N of the spiral laminated backing plate 4 is 25 to 100, the thickness d of a single layer is 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, and the diameter Φ of a single fiber bundle is 5 to 20 μm;

[0010] The unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg thin layer used to prepare the spiral laminated back plate 4 is made of fiber material and filling slurry, and the fiber material includes but is not limited to carbon fiber, SiC fiber, SiO2 fiber or glass fiber; the filling slurry is resin, and the mass fraction of the filling slurry is 20%-60%;

[0011] The side length of the hexagonal ceramic block 2 is a, and 2D≤a≤5D is required, where D is the diameter of the penetrator and the thickness is H, H=L D / 13,L D is the length of the penetrator;

[0012] The distance between two adjacent ceramic blocks 2 is ΔL, and 2mm≤ΔL≤5mm;

[0013] The thickness of the panel 1 is L D / 50-L D / 10, unit is mm;

[0014] The thickness of the flexible backing 5 is greater than L D / 10, unit is mm;

[0015] The panel 1 is made of metal materials such as titanium alloy or aluminum alloy;

[0016] The material of the ceramic block 2 is Al2O3, B4C, SiC or AlN;

[0017] The packaging frame 3 is made of titanium alloy or aluminum alloy;

[0018] The flexible backing 5 is made of high molecular weight polymer materials such as ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene UHMWPE and aramid;

[0019] A plurality of ceramic blocks 2 are embedded in a packaging frame 3, a small gap between the ceramic block 2 and the packaging frame 3 is filled with epoxy resin, polyamide resin or amino resin or not filled, and the ceramic block 2 and the packaging frame 3 are fixed with an adhesive to form a combination;

[0020] Several assemblies are installed between the metal panel 1 and the spiral laminated back plate 4, and the assemblies and the metal panel 1 are fixed by an adhesive, and the assemblies and the spiral laminated back plate 4 are fixed by an adhesive;

[0021] The flexible backing 5 is installed below the spiral laminated backing plates 4, and the flexible backing 5 and the spiral laminated backing plates 4 are fixed with an adhesive;

[0022] The material of the adhesive is an epoxy resin adhesive with relatively high strength.

[0023] Beneficial Effects

[0024] The present invention forms an efficient, lightweight and excellent anti-penetration composite structure by optimizing the design of metal panels, ceramic blocks, bionic spiral laminated backplanes, packaging frames and flexible backings. The structure significantly improves the impact resistance through multi-level synergy, while also having good lightweight characteristics and flexible material design. First, the metal panel acts as a dispersion layer for the initial impact load, effectively alleviating the concentrated effect of the impact force and improving the impact resistance of the overall structure; secondly, the ceramic block provides a high-hardness barrier, which can effectively corrode and deflect the penetrator, and enhances the structural stability and energy absorption capacity through reasonable size design and efficient bonding with the packaging frame. The bionic spiral laminated backplane adopts unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg to be laid layer by layer in a rotation manner, imitating the anti-crack characteristics of the claw structure of mantis shrimp in nature, and performs well in absorbing impact energy and limiting crack propagation, while significantly improving the impact toughness and strength of the structure. The flexible backing ensures the structural integrity and significantly improves its protection performance and service life under multiple strikes by absorbing residual impact energy.

[0025] The composite structure realizes the synergistic effect of hard ceramics and flexible materials, efficiently absorbs impact energy, greatly improves anti-penetration performance, and has the advantage of being lightweight. At the same time, the flexibility of material and structural design enables the present invention to adapt to different application requirements, including armored vehicles, aerospace equipment and other high-strength protection requirements. Compared with the prior art, the present invention overcomes the shortcomings of insufficient toughness of a single material, easy crack expansion and limited energy absorption capacity, and provides a new composite structure with superior comprehensive performance in the field of protective structures, showing a wide range of practical application value and industrialization prospects.

[0026] The bionic spiral laminated backplane packaged ceramic composite structure for anti-penetration of the present invention is intended to solve the problems of insufficient toughness, heavy weight, and limited energy absorption capacity of existing anti-penetration materials. By introducing an optimized design combining a bionic spiral laminated backplane with a ceramic block, a high-strength metal panel, and a flexible backing, the ceramic material can fully and comprehensively play the role of eroding projectiles, deflecting projectiles, and absorbing energy, and strengthen its "three highs and one low" advantages of high hardness, high compressive strength, high modulus, and low density. At the same time, through the composite design of ceramics and metals, the energy absorption capacity of the structure is effectively improved, and the risk of damage to a single-layer structure under penetration is reduced. The structure achieves a balance between high-efficiency protection performance and lightweight, and can meet the requirements of toughness and strength for anti-penetration protection, while not causing excessive weight to affect the maneuverability of the protection vehicle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the composite structure of the present invention (which has a shell-like "brick-mud" structure ceramic packaging interlayer);

[0028] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the bionic spiral laminated back panel;

[0029] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of some dimensional relationships of the composite structure;

[0030] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the layout of ceramic blocks in the interlayer of the ceramic package of the shell-like "brick-mud" structure;

[0031] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 Another structural schematic diagram of the bionic spiral laminated back plate;

[0032] Among them, 1-panel, 2-ceramic block, 3-packaging frame, 4-spiral laminated backplane, 5-flexible backing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] Aiming at the deficiencies of existing protective structures in terms of anti-penetration capability, light weight and multiple strike protection performance, the present invention provides a bionic spiral laminated backplane packaged ceramic composite structure for anti-penetration through bionic design concepts and structural optimization. Based on the multi-effect joint energy dissipation technology, the "three highs and one low" characteristics of high hardness, high strength, high modulus and low density of ceramic materials are utilized to erode the projectiles to reduce their mass, and at the same time, the projectile energy is absorbed by its crushing. The characteristics of metal materials, ceramic materials and high molecular polymer materials are coupled to construct a metal-packaged ceramic interlayer, thereby forming a composite protective structure with low surface density and high anti-penetration performance. The packaging structure expands the lateral propagation range of the load and avoids the effect of excessive stress generated instantly by the projectile directly acting on the ceramic. By strongly constraining and supporting the ceramics to improve the erosion efficiency of the ceramic materials on the projectiles, the damage range under a single strike can be reduced, thereby improving the anti-penetration capability of the protective structure. Inspired by the "brick-mud" structure of shells in nature, a ceramic packaging structure imitating the "brick-mud" structure of shells was designed. The "brick-mud" structure design was used to enhance the toughness of the overall structure and reduce the difference in anti-penetration performance at different positions of the protective structure, which can effectively improve the survivability of the protected structure. This composite structure can be used for the main armor of various types of protective structures and can also be used for additional armor on the outside, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the composite structure includes: a panel 1, a ceramic block 2 and a packaging frame 3, a spiral laminated backing plate 4, and a flexible backing 5;

[0034] When the composite structure is penetrated by a projectile, the packaging frame 3 provides constraints for the high-strength ceramic block 2, and the spiral laminated backing plate provides backing plate support for the high-strength ceramic block 2, ensuring that the ceramic block 2 can significantly erode the incoming projectile. At the same time, the intra-layer and inter-layer crack expansion of the spiral laminated backing plate 4 and the deformation of the flexible backing 5 can absorb and dissipate the kinetic energy of the projectile, reducing the projectile's destructive ability. The flexible backing 5 has the characteristics of self-recovery, so that the ceramic fragments and remaining penetrators generated by penetrating the protective structure are collected by the flexible backing 5 without causing any aftereffect damage.

[0035] In the present invention, the material of the panel 1 can be titanium alloy, aluminum alloy or other metal materials, and the processing method can be machining, wire cutting or integrated additive manufacturing technology for processing and manufacturing;

[0036] In the present invention, the ceramic block 2 is made of ceramic materials such as Al2O3, B4C, SiC, and AlN;

[0037] In the present invention, the packaging frame 3 can be made of metal material or organic plastic with high strength;

[0038] In the present invention, the material of the spiral laminated back plate 4 can be unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg such as T300, T700, T800, T1000, etc.;

[0039] In the present invention, the flexible backing 5 can be made of high molecular polymer material;

[0040] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] This embodiment provides a bionic spiral laminated backplane package ceramic composite structure for anti-penetration, which can reduce the damage range under a single attack and thus improve the ability of the protective structure to resist multiple attacks. At the same time, it will not cause excessive weight and affect the mobility of the protected vehicle. The composite structure is used for additional armor of light armored vehicles, mainly to resist the 54-type 12.7mm caliber armor-piercing incendiary bombs, such as Figure 1 As shown, the composite structure includes: a panel 1, a ceramic block 2 and a packaging frame 3, a spiral laminated backing plate 4, and a flexible backing 5;

[0043] In this embodiment, the panel 1 is made of titanium alloy and is manufactured using a wire cutting process;

[0044] In this embodiment, the thickness of the panel 1 is 3 mm;

[0045] In this embodiment, the ceramic block 2 is made of SiC ceramic material;

[0046] In this embodiment, the side length of the hexagonal ceramic block 2 is a, and a≈2D is required, where D is the diameter of the penetrator and the thickness is H. L D is the length of the penetrator;

[0047] In this embodiment, the distance between adjacent ceramic blocks 2 is ΔL=4 mm;

[0048] In this embodiment, the ceramic block 2 and the packaging frame 3 are a three-layer shell-like "brick-mud" structure, with specific dimensions as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the specific layout of the ceramic block 2 is as follows Figure 4 As shown;

[0049] In this embodiment, the packaging frame 3 is made of titanium alloy material, and the small gap between the packaging frame 3 and the ceramic block 2 is filled with a packaging filler;

[0050] In this embodiment, the spiral laminated back plate 4 is prepared by rotating and laying thin layers of unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg layer by layer at an angle θ between adjacent layers, and is cured by high temperature hot pressing;

[0051] In this embodiment, the angle θ between adjacent layers of the bionic spiral laminated backplane is 15°, the total number of layers N of the bionic spiral laminated backplane is 25, and the thickness d of a single layer is 0.2 mm. Figure 2 As shown;

[0052] In this embodiment, the flexible backing 5 is made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) laminate with a thickness of 7 mm;

[0053] In this embodiment, the material of the adhesive between the components is an epoxy resin adhesive with high bonding strength. The packaged ceramic composite structure except the flexible backing 5 is placed in a plastic groove, epoxy resin is poured to submerge the metal packaged ceramic composite plate, a coagulant is added to solidify the epoxy resin, the plastic groove is removed, and the flexible backing 5 is bonded to the above structure to obtain a metal packaged ceramic composite structure.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] On the basis of Example 1, the spiral laminated back plate 4 is designed as a bionic spiral laminated structure with an interlayer spiral angle of 7.5°, such as Figure 5 shown.

[0056] The bionic spiral laminated structure has excellent energy absorption characteristics and anti-penetration ability to enhance the anti-penetration performance of the protective structure. This composite structure is used for additional armor of light armored vehicles, mainly to resist the 54-type 12.7mm caliber armor-piercing incendiary bombs, such as Figure 1 As shown, the composite structure includes: a panel 1, a ceramic block 2 and a packaging frame 3, a spiral laminated backing plate 4, and a flexible backing 5;

[0057] In this embodiment, the single layer thickness of the bionic spiral laminated structure backplane is 0.1 mm, the total number of layers is 50, and the spiral angle θ between layers is 7.5°;

[0058] In this embodiment, the remaining processing methods and dimensions are the same as those in Embodiment 1.

[0059] In summary, the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bionic spiral laminated backplane packaging ceramic composite structure for anti-penetration, characterized in that: The composite structure comprises a metal panel (1), a ceramic block (2), a packaging frame (3), a spiral laminated back plate (4) and a flexible backing (5); A plurality of ceramic blocks (2) are embedded in a packaging frame (3) to form a combined body; A plurality of assemblies are installed between the metal panel (1) and the spiral laminated back panel (4); A flexible backing (5) is installed underneath between the spiral laminated backing sheets (4).

2. The bionic spiral laminated backplane packaging ceramic composite structure for anti-penetration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tiny gap between the ceramic block (2) and the packaging frame (3) is filled with epoxy resin, polyamide resin or amino resin.

3. The bionic spiral laminated backplane packaging ceramic composite structure for anti-penetration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ceramic block (2) and the packaging frame (3) are fixed with an adhesive; The assembly and the metal panel (1) are fixed with an adhesive; The assembly and the spiral laminated back plate (4) are fixed with an adhesive; The flexible backing (5) and the spiral laminated backing plate (4) are fixed by using an adhesive.

4. The bionic spiral laminated backplane packaging ceramic composite structure for anti-penetration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ceramic block (2) is a hexagonal ceramic block.

5. The bionic spiral laminated backplane packaging ceramic composite structure for anti-penetration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spirally laminated backboard (4) is prepared by rotating and laying thin layers of unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg layer by layer at an angle θ between adjacent layers.

6. The bionic spiral laminated backplane packaging ceramic composite structure for anti-penetration according to claim 5, characterized in that: The angle θ between adjacent layers of the spiral laminated backing plate (4) is 5° to 90°; The total number of layers N of the spiral laminated back plate (4) is 25 to 100, the thickness d of a single layer is 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, and the diameter Φ of a single bundle of fibers is 5 to 20 μm.

7. The bionic spiral laminated backplane packaging ceramic composite structure for anti-penetration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg thin layer used to prepare the spiral laminated backboard (4) is made of fiber material and filling slurry, and the fiber material includes but is not limited to carbon fiber, SiC fiber, SiO2 fiber or glass fiber; the filling slurry is resin, and the mass fraction of the filling slurry is 20%-60%.

8. The bionic spiral laminated backplane packaging ceramic composite structure for anti-penetration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side length of the hexagonal ceramic block (2) is a, and 2D≤a≤5D is required, wherein D is the diameter of the penetrator, and the thickness dimension is H, H=L D / 13,L D is the length of the penetrator; The distance between two adjacent ceramic blocks (2) is ΔL, and 2mm≤ΔL≤5mm.

9. The bionic spiral laminated backplane packaging ceramic composite structure for anti-penetration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the panel (1) is L D / 50-L D / 10, unit is mm; The thickness of the flexible backing (5) is greater than L D / 10, unit is mm; The material of the panel (1) is titanium alloy or aluminum alloy; The material of the ceramic block (2) is Al2O3, B4C, SiC or AlN; The packaging frame (3) is made of titanium alloy or aluminum alloy; The flexible backing (5) is made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene or aramid.

10. The bionic spiral laminated backplane packaging ceramic composite structure for anti-penetration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the adhesive is an epoxy resin adhesive with relatively high strength.

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