Solid oxide fuel cell nondestructive all-condition detection system and operation method

Abstract

The invention provides a solid oxide fuel cell nondestructive all-condition detection system and an operation method, and relates to the technical field of solid oxide fuel cell detection. The lossless full-working-condition detection system for the solid oxide fuel cell comprises a lossless detection assembly, a data acquisition and transmission module, a data processing and analysis module and a control and feedback module. The nondestructive testing assembly comprises an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy module, an acoustic emission sensing module, a gas sensing analysis module and a thermal imaging module; the data acquisition and transmission module is in communication connection with the nondestructive testing assembly; the data processing and analysis module is in communication connection with the data acquisition and transmission module; and the control and feedback module is in communication connection with the data processing and analysis module. The lossless all-condition detection system for the solid oxide fuel cell not only can improve the operation efficiency, safety and reliability of the solid oxide fuel cell, but also can realize lossless, all-condition and full-range effective detection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of solid oxide fuel cell detection, and in particular to a non-destructive full-operating-condition detection system and an operating method for a solid oxide fuel cell. Background Art

[0002] Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) belongs to the third generation of fuel cells. It is an all-solid-state chemical power generation device that directly converts the chemical energy stored in fuel and oxidant into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions at medium and high temperatures in an efficient and environmentally friendly manner.

[0003] At present, the existing solid oxide fuel cell operating condition detection system has the following problems:

[0004] First, in the related art, some detection contacts or sensors of the existing operating condition detection system need to be set inside the solid oxide fuel cell or near the solid oxide fuel cell. However, due to the structural limitations of the solid oxide fuel cell and the high-temperature operating environment, these detection contacts or sensors are difficult to safely and reliably arrange inside the solid oxide fuel cell structure or adapt to the high-temperature environment. Even if they can be safely arranged, they will inevitably interfere with the operation process of the solid oxide fuel cell, and their detection results cannot accurately reflect the actual operation of the solid oxide fuel cell.

[0005] Second, in the related art, the existing operating condition detection system is generally set up separately for different operating conditions of the solid oxide fuel cell, that is, it is impossible to achieve detection of all operating conditions.

[0006] Third, in the related art, the existing operating condition detection system generally detects different areas or operating functions of the solid oxide fuel cell respectively, that is, it is impossible to achieve all-round detection. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the technical problems in the related art, the present application provides a non-destructive full-operating condition detection system and operation method for a solid oxide fuel cell. The non-destructive full-operating condition detection system for a solid oxide fuel cell of the present application can not only form a closed-loop monitoring and optimization system by collecting, transmitting, fusing, analyzing, feeding back and controlling relevant data, thereby improving the operating efficiency, safety and reliability of the solid oxide fuel cell, but also can realize non-destructive, full-operating condition and full-range effective detection.

[0008] In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solutions adopted in this application include:

[0009] According to a first aspect of the present application, a non-destructive full-operating-condition detection system for a solid oxide fuel cell is provided for detecting a solid oxide fuel cell, wherein the solid oxide fuel cell is contained in a detection furnace body, and comprises:

[0010] A nondestructive testing component, comprising an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy module, an acoustic emission sensor module, a gas sensor analysis module and a thermal imaging module; wherein the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy module is used to collect the AC signal response data of the single cell of the solid oxide fuel cell; the acoustic emission sensor module is used to collect the acoustic emission data of the intake pipe, exhaust pipe and stack of the solid oxide fuel cell respectively; the gas sensor analysis module is used to collect the composition data of each gas in the intake pipe and exhaust pipe; the thermal imaging module is used to collect the surface infrared radiation data of the solid oxide fuel cell;

[0011] A data acquisition and transmission module is connected in communication with the nondestructive testing component to obtain the collected AC signal response data, acoustic emission data, composition data of each gas and surface infrared radiation data from the nondestructive testing component;

[0012] A data processing and analysis module, which is in communication with the data acquisition and transmission module, and is used to process and analyze the AC signal response data, the acoustic emission data, the composition data of each gas, and the surface infrared radiation data;

[0013] The control and feedback module is in communication with the data processing and analysis module and is used to send control instructions to the solid oxide fuel cell according to the analysis results of the data processing and analysis module to adjust the operating parameters of the solid oxide fuel cell and / or implement safety measures.

[0014] Optionally, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy module includes an electrochemical impedance spectrometer, a line tube and a plurality of single-cell AC signal acquisition lines, one end of the plurality of single-cell AC signal acquisition lines are respectively electrically connected to the single cells of the solid oxide fuel cell to collect their AC signal response data, the other ends of the plurality of single-cell AC signal acquisition lines are electrically connected to the electrochemical impedance spectrometer, the line tube is used to penetrate the side wall of the detection furnace body, and the line tube is used to allow the single-cell AC signal acquisition lines to pass through.

[0015] Optionally, the acoustic emission sensor module includes a signal processor, a waveguide and a plurality of acoustic emission sensor contacts, the signal processor is respectively communicated with the plurality of acoustic emission sensor contacts, one end of the waveguide is used to abut against the solid oxide fuel cell, and the plurality of acoustic emission sensor contacts are respectively used to be correspondingly arranged in the intake pipeline, the exhaust pipeline and the end of the waveguide away from the solid oxide fuel cell, so as to respectively collect the acoustic emission data of the intake pipeline, the exhaust pipeline and the solid oxide fuel cell.

[0016] Optionally, the waveguide is configured as a straight rod-shaped structure with a constant diameter; or, the waveguide is configured as a straight rod-shaped structure with a variable diameter, the straight rod-shaped structure with a variable diameter comprising a first end and a second end arranged opposite to each other, the radial dimension of the first end being greater than the radial dimension of the second end, the first end being used to abut against a solid oxide fuel cell, and the second end being used to install an acoustic emission sensing contact; wherein, in the direction from the first end to the second end, the radial dimension of the straight rod-shaped structure with a variable diameter gradually decreases.

[0017] Optionally, the gas sensing analysis module includes a gas composition analyzer and several gas composition sensors, the gas composition analyzer is communicatively connected to the several gas composition sensors, and the several gas composition sensors are respectively arranged in the intake duct and the exhaust duct to collect gas composition data in the intake duct and the exhaust duct respectively.

[0018] Optionally, the thermal imaging module includes a thermal imager, two infrared probes and two infrared transmission windows, the infrared transmission window is used to be set on the side wall of the detection furnace body, the infrared probe is set corresponding to the infrared transmission window and is configured to be able to obtain infrared radiation data of the surface of the solid oxide fuel cell from outside the detection furnace body, and the thermal imager is communicated with the two infrared probes respectively.

[0019] Optionally, the two infrared transmission windows are configured to acquire infrared radiation data of two adjacent sides of the solid oxide fuel cell.

[0020] Optionally, the solid oxide fuel cell non-destructive full-operating condition detection system further includes a central control and visualization module, and a data storage and management module;

[0021] The central control and visualization module is in communication with the data processing and analysis module to visualize the acquired data and adjust the control parameters;

[0022] The data storage and management module is communicatively connected with the data processing and analysis module to store the acquired data and support historical data query and analysis.

[0023] According to the second aspect of the present application, there is also provided an operating method of a non-destructive full-operating-condition detection system for a solid oxide fuel cell, which is applied to the non-destructive full-operating-condition detection system for a solid oxide fuel cell described in any one of the technical solutions in the first aspect of the present application, and the operating method comprises:

[0024] Step S1: preprocessing the data;

[0025] The step S1 specifically includes: for the AC signal response data, performing noise filtering to eliminate DC bias and system errors; for the acoustic emission data, performing denoising processing and setting a cut-off threshold; for the composition data of each gas, using moving average or low-pass filtering to smooth the data and reduce random fluctuations; for the surface infrared radiation data, performing image correction and using an image filtering algorithm to remove regional image noise;

[0026] Step S2: extracting features from the data;

[0027] The step S2 specifically includes: for the AC signal response data, using an equivalent circuit model to fit the impedance spectrum, extracting electrochemical parameters, analyzing impedance changes at different frequencies, and identifying reaction mechanisms and kinetic information; for the acoustic emission data, extracting its time domain features, frequency domain features, and counting features respectively; for each gas component data, obtaining the real-time concentration value corresponding to each gas component, and calculating the rate of change of the gas concentration over time, and capturing events where the rate of change is greater than a set threshold; for the surface infrared radiation data, obtaining the temperature matrix data of the solid oxide fuel cell surface, and identifying the area where the temperature is abnormally increased, and extracting the position and temperature value of the area;

[0028] Step S3: preliminary analysis of the data;

[0029] The step S3 specifically includes: for the AC signal response data, evaluating the performance of the solid oxide fuel cell according to the extracted electrochemical parameters; for the acoustic emission data, determining the location of the acoustic emission source, identifying the generation type corresponding to the acoustic emission source, and monitoring the changes in the acoustic emission activity to predict potential structural failures; for each gas component data, calculating the fuel utilization efficiency of the solid oxide fuel cell and evaluating the electrochemical reaction state inside the solid oxide fuel cell; for the surface infrared radiation data, evaluating the thermal management state of the solid oxide fuel cell according to the temperature distribution, identifying the overheating area, and calculating the thermal efficiency of the solid oxide fuel cell;

[0030] Step S4: fusing the data;

[0031] The step S4 specifically includes: fusing the AC signal response data, the acoustic emission data, the gas component data and the surface infrared radiation data to establish a unified data set;

[0032] Step S5: using the fused data for comprehensive analysis;

[0033] The step S5 specifically includes: using an artificial intelligence algorithm to comprehensively analyze the fused data to perform fault diagnosis and prediction of the solid oxide fuel cell;

[0034] Step S6: Output the results of the comprehensive analysis;

[0035] The step S6 specifically includes: performing, according to the result of the comprehensive analysis, respectively: generating and publishing alarm information, regularly generating operation reports, and transmitting the analysis results to the control and feedback module.

[0036] Optionally, in step S4, fusing the AC signal response data, the acoustic emission data, the gas component data and the surface infrared radiation data comprises:

[0037] Time synchronization fusion: Use timestamps to align AC signal response data, acoustic emission data, gas composition data, and surface infrared radiation data on the time axis;

[0038] Spatial correlation fusion: Correlating measurement data at different locations based on the spatial layout of sensors in various parts of the non-destructive testing component;

[0039] Feature-level fusion: The features of each data extracted in step S3 are combined into a comprehensive feature vector.

[0040] Beneficial effects:

[0041] 1. Through the above technical scheme, first, the non-destructive testing components (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy module, acoustic emission sensor module, gas sensor analysis module and thermal imaging module) of the present application are all non-invasive detection methods, which can not only reduce the interference to the operation of the solid oxide fuel cell caused by the detection, so as to improve the fit between the detection data and the actual operation of the solid oxide fuel cell, but also effectively avoid structural damage to the solid oxide fuel cell, so as to improve the accuracy, safety and reliability of the solid oxide fuel cell detection.

[0042] Second, the electrochemical impedance spectrum module of the present application collects the AC signal response data of the single cell of the solid oxide fuel cell to obtain impedance data within the frequency range, which can reflect the electrochemical process of the solid oxide fuel cell (including information on charge transfer, electrode process and ion conduction), so that it is convenient to evaluate the performance of the solid oxide fuel cell in real time. The acoustic emission sensing module of the present application can detect abnormal acoustic emission events (e.g., crack formation, material fatigue, etc.) at key positions or set positions of the solid oxide fuel cell. By analyzing the amplitude, frequency and capacity of the acoustic emission signal, the material structure changes at the corresponding position can be accurately and quickly determined. The gas sensing analysis module of the present application can collect the composition data of each gas in the intake and exhaust pipelines, analyze the composition and concentration data of each gas, analyze the chemical reaction state of the solid oxide fuel cell, and adjust the supply of fuel and oxidant according to the composition data of each gas, so as to optimize the reaction conditions and improve the operating efficiency of the solid oxide fuel cell. The thermal imaging module of the present application can obtain surface infrared radiation data of solid oxide fuel cells, can effectively identify hot spots and temperature gradient changes on the surface of solid oxide fuel cells, and can provide accurate and timely warnings of potential risks or failures of solid oxide fuel cells.

[0043] At the same time, through the above-mentioned electrochemical impedance spectroscopy module, acoustic emission sensor module, gas sensor analysis module and thermal imaging module, not only can the operation data of the solid oxide fuel cell be reflected more comprehensively from multiple aspects (including the electrochemical process of the single cell, abnormal acoustic emission events at key positions or set positions of the solid oxide fuel cell or even the entire system, composition data of the intake and exhaust gases, the chemical reaction state of the solid oxide fuel cell, hot spots and temperature gradient changes on the surface of the solid oxide fuel cell, etc.) to achieve comprehensive detection of the solid oxide fuel cell, but also the above-mentioned detection means can be adapted to any operating condition of the solid oxide fuel cell, that is, the full operating condition detection of the solid oxide fuel cell can be effectively achieved.

[0044] 2. Other beneficial effects or advantages of the present application will be described in detail in the specific implementation manner. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0046] in:

[0047] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement structure of a non-destructive full-operating-condition detection system for a solid oxide fuel cell provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement structure of a non-destructive full-operating-condition detection system for a solid oxide fuel cell provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 3 It is a schematic flow chart of the steps of an operating method of a non-destructive full-operating-condition detection system for a solid oxide fuel cell provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application.

[0050] Description of the reference numerals in the accompanying drawings:

[0051] 100-solid oxide fuel cell non-destructive full-condition detection system; 200-solid oxide fuel cell; 300-detection furnace body; 1-non-destructive detection component; 11-electrochemical impedance spectroscopy module; 111-electrochemical impedance spectrometer; 112-line tube; 113-single cell AC signal acquisition line; 12-acoustic emission sensor module; 121-signal processor; 122-waveguide tube; 123-acoustic emission sensor contact; 13-gas sensing analysis module; 131-gas composition analyzer; 132-gas composition sensor; 14-thermal imaging module; 141-thermal imager; 142-infrared probe; 143-infrared transmission window; 2-data acquisition and transmission module; 3-data processing and analysis module; 4-control and feedback module; 5-central control and visualization module; 6-data storage and management module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments.

[0053] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the present application for which protection is sought, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0054] The technical solution of the present application is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] like Figure 1 to Figure 2As shown, according to the first aspect of the present application, this embodiment provides a solid oxide fuel cell non-destructive full-operating condition detection system 100 for detecting a solid oxide fuel cell 200, wherein the solid oxide fuel cell 200 is accommodated in a detection furnace body 300, and includes a non-destructive detection component 1, a data acquisition and transmission module 2, a data processing and analysis module 3 and a control and feedback module 4.

[0057] Among them, the nondestructive testing component 1 includes an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy module 11, an acoustic emission sensor module 12, a gas sensor analysis module 13 and a thermal imaging module 14; wherein the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy module 11 is used to collect the AC signal response data of the single cell of the solid oxide fuel cell 200; the acoustic emission sensor module 12 is used to collect the acoustic emission data of the intake pipe, exhaust pipe and fuel cell stack of the solid oxide fuel cell 200; the gas sensor analysis module 13 is used to collect the composition data of each gas in the intake pipe and the exhaust pipe; the thermal imaging module 14 is used to collect the surface infrared radiation data of the solid oxide fuel cell 200.

[0058] The data acquisition and transmission module 2 is communicatively connected to the nondestructive testing component 1 to obtain the collected AC signal response data, acoustic emission data, composition data of each gas and surface infrared radiation data from the nondestructive testing component 1; the data processing and analysis module 3 is communicatively connected to the data acquisition and transmission module 2 to process and analyze the AC signal response data, acoustic emission data, composition data of each gas and surface infrared radiation data; the control and feedback module 4 is communicatively connected to the data processing and analysis module 3, and is used to send control instructions to the solid oxide fuel cell 200 according to the analysis results of the data processing and analysis module 3, so as to adjust the operating parameters of the solid oxide fuel cell 200 and / or implement safety measures.

[0059] Through the above technical scheme, first, the non-destructive testing components 1 (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy module 11, acoustic emission sensor module 12, gas sensor analysis module 13 and thermal imaging module 14) of the present application are all non-invasive detection methods, which can not only reduce the interference to the operation of the solid oxide fuel cell 200 caused by the detection, so as to improve the fit between the detection data and the actual operation of the solid oxide fuel cell 200, but also effectively avoid structural damage to the solid oxide fuel cell 200, so as to improve the accuracy, safety and reliability of the detection of the solid oxide fuel cell 200.

[0060] Second, the electrochemical impedance spectrum module 11 of the present application collects the AC signal response data of the single cell of the solid oxide fuel cell 200 to obtain impedance data within the frequency range, and the impedance data can reflect the electrochemical process of the solid oxide fuel cell 200 (including information on charge transfer, electrode process and ion conduction, etc.), so that it is convenient to evaluate the performance of the solid oxide fuel cell 200 in real time. The acoustic emission sensor module 12 of the present application can detect abnormal acoustic emission events (for example, crack formation, material fatigue, etc.) at key positions or set positions of the solid oxide fuel cell 200, and by analyzing the amplitude, frequency and capacity of the acoustic emission signal, the material structure changes at the corresponding position can be accurately and quickly determined. The gas sensor analysis module 13 of the present application can collect the composition data of each gas in the intake pipeline and the exhaust pipeline, and can analyze the composition and concentration data of each gas, so as to analyze the chemical reaction state of the solid oxide fuel cell 200, and can also adjust the supply of fuel and oxidant according to the composition data of each gas, so as to optimize the reaction conditions and improve the operating efficiency of the solid oxide fuel cell 200. The thermal imaging module 14 of the present application can obtain the surface infrared radiation data of the solid oxide fuel cell 200, can effectively identify the hot spots and temperature gradient changes on the surface of the solid oxide fuel cell 200, and can provide accurate and timely warnings for potential risks or failures of the solid oxide fuel cell 200.

[0061] At the same time, through the above-mentioned electrochemical impedance spectroscopy module 11, acoustic emission sensor module 12, gas sensor analysis module 13 and thermal imaging module 14, not only can the operating data of the solid oxide fuel cell 200 be more comprehensively reflected from multiple aspects (including the electrochemical process of the single cell, abnormal acoustic emission events at key positions or set positions of the solid oxide fuel cell 200 or even the entire system, composition data of the intake and exhaust gases, the chemical reaction state of the solid oxide fuel cell 200, hot spots and temperature gradient changes on the surface of the solid oxide fuel cell 200, etc.) to achieve comprehensive detection of the solid oxide fuel cell 200, but also the above-mentioned detection means can be adapted to any operating condition of the solid oxide fuel cell 200, that is, the full operating condition detection of the solid oxide fuel cell 200 can be effectively achieved.

[0062] In one embodiment of the present application, Figure 2As shown, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy module 11 of the present application may include an electrochemical impedance spectrometer 111, a line tube 112 and a plurality of single-cell AC signal acquisition lines 113, one end of the plurality of single-cell AC signal acquisition lines 113 are respectively electrically connected to the single cells of the solid oxide fuel cell 200 to collect their AC signal response data, the other end of the plurality of single-cell AC signal acquisition lines 113 are electrically connected to the electrochemical impedance spectrometer 111, the line tube 112 is used to penetrate the side wall of the detection furnace body 300, and the line tube 112 is used for the single-cell AC signal acquisition lines 113 to pass through.

[0063] In this embodiment, the electrochemical impedance spectrometer 111 can apply a slight AC voltage to both ends of all the single cells through a number of AC signal acquisition lines to measure the corresponding current response, so as to obtain impedance data within the frequency range, and thus the electrochemical process of the corresponding single cell can be reflected through the corresponding impedance spectrum, including information such as charge transfer, electrode process and ion conduction.

[0064] It should be noted that the electrochemical impedance spectrometer 111 of the present application is arranged outside the detection furnace body 300, and will not interfere with the operation process of the solid oxide fuel cell 200, nor will it be interfered with by the solid oxide fuel cell 200; at the same time, the line pipe 112 is passed through the side wall of the detection furnace body 300, and will not interfere with the operation process of the solid oxide fuel cell 200, and the line pipe 112 is used for the single cell AC signal acquisition line 113 to pass through; that is to say, the detection process of the entire electrochemical impedance spectrometer module 11 will not only not affect the normal operation process of the solid oxide fuel cell 200, but also will not cause structural damage to the solid oxide fuel cell 200.

[0065] In addition, during the detection process, the detection furnace body 300 is used to provide a high temperature environment for the solid oxide fuel cell 200. Since it is widely used in the relevant technology in this field, the present application will not elaborate on its structure and working principle.

[0066] In one embodiment of the present application, Figure 2 As shown, the acoustic emission sensor module 12 of the present application may include a signal processor 121, a waveguide 122 and a plurality of acoustic emission sensor contacts 123. The signal processor 121 is respectively connected to the plurality of acoustic emission sensor contacts 123 for communication. One end of the waveguide 122 is used to abut against the solid oxide fuel cell 200. The plurality of acoustic emission sensor contacts 123 are respectively used to be correspondingly arranged in the intake pipeline, the exhaust pipeline and the end of the waveguide 122 away from the solid oxide fuel cell 200, so as to respectively collect the acoustic emission data of the intake pipeline, the exhaust pipeline and the solid oxide fuel cell 200.

[0067] In this embodiment, for example Figure 2 As shown, the acoustic emission sensor contacts 123 can be respectively arranged on the intake pipeline (exemplarily, it can include a fuel gas intake inlet section and an air intake inlet section), the exhaust pipeline (exemplarily, it can include a fuel gas exhaust outlet section and an air exhaust outlet section) and the waveguide 122, so that the acoustic emission sensor contacts 123 can respectively obtain the acoustic emission data of the intake pipeline, the exhaust pipeline and the solid oxide fuel cell 200.

[0068] In this embodiment, the waveguide 122 can isolate the high temperature environment from the acoustic emission sensor contact 123 , which can not only ensure the normal detection of the acoustic emission sensor contact 123 , but also help to improve the service life of the acoustic emission sensor contact 123 .

[0069] It should be noted that, first, the waveguide 122 can be made of a material with high temperature tolerance and good acoustic properties, such as stainless steel, titanium alloy or special ceramics, and the present application does not make any specific limitation on this.

[0070] Second, the length of the waveguide 122 should be long enough to reduce the temperature at the corresponding acoustic emission sensor contact 123 to within its operating temperature range (for example, less than 80°C). In other words, the length of the waveguide 122 can be selected according to actual conditions, and this application does not make any specific restrictions on this.

[0071] Third, a heat insulating material (eg, ceramic fiber) may be used at the connection between the waveguide 122 and the acoustic emission sensor contact 123 to prevent excessive heat from being transferred to the acoustic emission sensor contact 123 .

[0072] In one embodiment of the present application, the waveguide tube 122 of the present application is configured as a straight rod-shaped structure with a constant diameter; or, the waveguide tube 122 is configured as a straight rod-shaped structure with a variable diameter, the straight rod-shaped structure with a variable diameter includes a first end and a second end that are relatively arranged, the radial dimension of the first end is greater than the radial dimension of the second end, the first end is used to abut against the solid oxide fuel cell 200, and the second end is used to install the acoustic emission sensor contact 123; wherein, in the direction from the first end to the second end, the radial dimension of the straight rod-shaped structure with a variable diameter gradually decreases.

[0073] When the waveguide tube 122 is configured as a variable diameter straight rod structure, signal transmission and temperature gradient can be effectively optimized.

[0074] In one embodiment of the present application, Figure 2As shown, the gas sensing analysis module 13 of the present application may include a gas composition analyzer 131 and a plurality of gas composition sensors 132. The gas composition analyzer 131 is respectively communicated with the plurality of gas composition sensors 132. The plurality of gas composition sensors 132 are respectively used to be correspondingly arranged in the intake pipe and the exhaust pipe to respectively collect gas composition data in the intake pipe and the exhaust pipe.

[0075] In this embodiment, the gas sensor analysis module 13 is capable of acquiring gas composition data in the intake and exhaust ducts, that is, the gas sensor analysis module 13 is capable of acquiring the composition and concentration of the fuel gas, oxidant and exhaust gas during the operation of the solid oxide fuel cell 200, for example, the composition and concentration of oxygen, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, etc., to reflect the chemical reaction state of the solid oxide fuel cell 200.

[0076] It can be understood that, illustratively, the gas composition sensor 132 can be respectively arranged in the fuel gas inlet section, the air inlet section, the fuel gas outlet section and the air outlet section to form a sensor network to more accurately and timely reflect the chemical reaction state of the solid oxide fuel cell 200.

[0077] In addition, it should be noted that the supply of fuel and oxidant is adjusted according to the obtained gas composition data in the intake pipeline and the exhaust pipeline, so as to optimize the reaction conditions and improve the operating efficiency of the solid oxide fuel cell 200.

[0078] In one embodiment of the present application, Figure 2 As shown, the thermal imaging module 14 of the present application may include a thermal imager 141, two infrared probes 142 and two infrared transmission windows 143. The infrared transmission window 143 is used to be set on the side wall of the detection furnace body 300. The infrared probe 142 is set corresponding to the infrared transmission window 143 and is configured to be able to obtain infrared radiation data on the surface of the solid oxide fuel cell 200 from outside the detection furnace body 300. The thermal imager 141 is communicated with the two infrared probes 142 respectively.

[0079] In this way, the infrared probe 142 can observe the solid oxide fuel cell 200 through the infrared transmission window 143 from the outside of the detection furnace body 300, and there is no need to set up or install equipment in the high-temperature detection furnace body 300, which can effectively reduce the difficulty of installation and avoid damage to the equipment due to high temperature. At the same time, the thermal imager 141 and the infrared probe 142 are located outside the detection furnace body 300, which is convenient for daily inspection and maintenance.

[0080] In this embodiment, it should be noted that, first, the material of the infrared transmission window 143 can be selected according to actual conditions, for example, sapphire (Al2O3), germanium (Ge), silicon (Si) or zinc germanium (ZnSe), etc. These materials can have good transmittance in the infrared band and can withstand high temperature and high pressure.

[0081] Second, the size of the infrared transmission window 143 should be large enough to allow the infrared probe 142 to detect the key area of ​​the solid oxide fuel cell 200 through the infrared transmission window 143 to meet the field of view requirements of the thermal imager 141. At the same time, the infrared transmission window 143 also needs to have good sealing performance to prevent gas leakage inside the detection furnace body 300.

[0082] In one embodiment of the present application, the two infrared transmission windows 143 of the present application are configured to be able to obtain infrared radiation data of two adjacent sides of the solid oxide fuel cell 200. That is, the two infrared transmission windows 143 can be set on two adjacent sides of the detection furnace body 300, so that the two infrared probes 142 set corresponding to the two infrared transmission windows 143 can respectively obtain infrared radiation data of two adjacent sides of the solid oxide fuel cell 200 in the height direction, width direction and length direction, so as to more accurately and comprehensively reflect the surface infrared radiation data of the solid oxide fuel cell 200.

[0083] In one embodiment of the present application, Figure 1 As shown, the solid oxide fuel cell non-destructive full-operating condition detection system 100 of the present application also includes a central control and visualization module 5 and a data storage and management module 6; the central control and visualization module 5 is communicatively connected to the data processing and analysis module 3 to be used for visually displaying the acquired data and adjusting the control parameters; the data storage and management module 6 is communicatively connected to the data processing and analysis module 3 to be used for storing the acquired data and supporting historical data query and analysis.

[0084] The central control and visualization module 5 interface can provide operators with a real-time monitoring and interactive platform, allowing them to view system status and operating system functions. The data storage and management module 6 interacts with the data processing and analysis module 3 and the central control and visualization interface to save all data and logs and support historical query and analysis.

[0085] According to the second aspect of the present application, Figure 3 As shown, an operating method of a non-destructive full-operating-condition detection system for a solid oxide fuel cell is also provided, which is applied to the non-destructive full-operating-condition detection system for a solid oxide fuel cell in any technical solution in the first aspect of the present application, and the operating method comprises:

[0086] Step S1: preprocessing the data;

[0087] Step S1 specifically includes: performing noise filtering on the AC signal response data to eliminate DC bias and system errors to ensure the accuracy of the impedance data.

[0088] For the acoustic emission data, denoising is performed and a cut-off threshold is set to identify valid acoustic emission events.

[0089] For the composition data of each gas, calibration and compensation are performed, and moving average or low-pass filtering is used to smooth the data and reduce random fluctuations.

[0090] For surface infrared radiation data, image correction is performed and image filtering algorithms are used to remove regional image noise.

[0091] Step S2: extracting features from the data;

[0092] Step S2 specifically includes: for the AC signal response data, using an equivalent circuit model to fit the impedance spectrum, extracting electrochemical parameters, analyzing impedance changes at different frequencies, and identifying reaction mechanisms and kinetic information.

[0093] For acoustic emission data, their time domain features (such as amplitude, duration and rise time, etc.), frequency domain features (such as peak frequency, bandwidth, etc.) and counting features (such as event counting rate, cumulative count, etc.) are extracted respectively.

[0094] For each gas component data, obtain the real-time concentration value corresponding to each gas component (for example, hydrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, etc.), calculate the rate of change of gas concentration over time, and capture events whose change rate is greater than the set threshold, that is, capture events whose change rate is too fast.

[0095] For the surface infrared radiation data, the temperature matrix data of the solid oxide fuel cell surface is obtained, and the area with abnormally high temperature is identified (that is, the area with temperature higher than the set value is identified), and the position and temperature value of the area are extracted.

[0096] Step S3: preliminary analysis of the data;

[0097] Step S3 specifically includes: for the AC signal response data, evaluating the performance of the solid oxide fuel cell (eg, electronic conductivity, electronic activity, etc.) according to the extracted electrochemical parameters. In addition, problems such as battery aging, contamination and cracks can also be identified.

[0098] For AE data, locate the AE source, identify the generation type corresponding to the AE source (e.g., crack formation, material fatigue, etc.), and monitor changes in AE activity to predict potential structural failures;

[0099] For each gas component data, the fuel utilization efficiency of the solid oxide fuel cell is calculated and the electrochemical reaction state inside the solid oxide fuel cell is evaluated, so as to identify problems such as incomplete reaction and leakage, and at the same time, abnormal increase of harmful gases can also be detected.

[0100] For surface infrared radiation data, the thermal management status of the solid oxide fuel cell is evaluated based on the temperature distribution, overheating areas are identified to prevent structural damage caused by thermal stress, and the thermal efficiency of the solid oxide fuel cell can be calculated;

[0101] Step S4: fusing the data;

[0102] Step S4 specifically includes: fusing the AC signal response data, acoustic emission data, gas composition data and surface infrared radiation data, and other multi-source data to establish a unified data set;

[0103] Step S5: using the fused data for comprehensive analysis;

[0104] Step S5 specifically includes: using artificial intelligence algorithms (e.g., supervised learning, unsupervised learning, deep learning, AI big models, etc.) to comprehensively analyze the fused data to perform fault diagnosis and prediction of solid oxide fuel cells (e.g., anomaly detection, health assessment, and decision support, etc.);

[0105] Step S6: Output the results of the comprehensive analysis;

[0106] Step S6 specifically includes: based on the results of the comprehensive analysis, respectively: generating and publishing alarm information (for example, when an abnormality or a sign of a fault is detected, corresponding early warning information can be automatically generated to improve the operator's performance), regularly generating operation reports (wherein the operation report may include performance indicators, fault statistics and maintenance suggestions, etc.) and transmitting the analysis results to the control and feedback module (in addition, the analysis results can also be synchronously transmitted to the central control and visualization module and the data storage and management module).

[0107] In one embodiment of the present application, Figure 3 As shown, in step S4 of the present application, fusing the AC signal response data, the acoustic emission data, the gas component data and the surface infrared radiation data may specifically include:

[0108] Time synchronization fusion: Use timestamps to align AC signal response data, acoustic emission data, gas composition data, and surface infrared radiation data on the time axis;

[0109] Spatial correlation fusion: Correlate the measurement data at different locations based on the spatial layout of sensors in various parts of the nondestructive testing component;

[0110] Feature-level fusion: The features of each data extracted in step S3 are combined into a comprehensive feature vector.

[0111] The above are only specific implementations of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A non-destructive full-operation condition detection system for a solid oxide fuel cell, for use in detecting a solid oxide fuel cell (200), wherein: The solid oxide fuel cell (200) is contained in a detection furnace body (300), and is characterized by comprising: A nondestructive testing component (1) comprises an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy module (11), an acoustic emission sensor module (12), a gas sensor analysis module (13) and a thermal imaging module (14); wherein the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy module (11) is used to collect AC signal response data of a single cell of a solid oxide fuel cell (200); the acoustic emission sensor module (12) is used to collect acoustic emission data of an intake pipe, an exhaust pipe and a stack of the solid oxide fuel cell (200); the gas sensor analysis module (13) is used to collect component data of each gas in the intake pipe and the exhaust pipe; and the thermal imaging module (14) is used to collect surface infrared radiation data of the solid oxide fuel cell (200); A data acquisition and transmission module (2) is connected to the nondestructive testing component (1) in communication with the nondestructive testing component (1) to obtain the collected AC signal response data, acoustic emission data, composition data of each gas and surface infrared radiation data from the nondestructive testing component (1); A data processing and analysis module (3) is connected in communication with the data acquisition and transmission module (2) to process and analyze the AC signal response data, the acoustic emission data, the composition data of each gas and the surface infrared radiation data; A control and feedback module (4) is communicatively connected to the data processing and analysis module (3) and is used to send control instructions to the solid oxide fuel cell (200) based on the analysis results of the data processing and analysis module (3) to adjust the operating parameters of the solid oxide fuel cell (200) and / or execute safety measures.

2. The solid oxide fuel cell non-destructive full-operating condition detection system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy module (11) comprises an electrochemical impedance spectrometer (111), a line tube (112) and a plurality of single-cell AC signal collection lines (113); one end of the plurality of single-cell AC signal collection lines (113) is respectively electrically connected to a single cell of a solid oxide fuel cell (200) to collect its AC signal response data; the other end of the plurality of single-cell AC signal collection lines (113) is electrically connected to the electrochemical impedance spectrometer (111); the line tube (112) is used to penetrate the side wall of the detection furnace body (300); the line tube (112) is used to allow the single-cell AC signal collection lines (113) to pass through.

3. The solid oxide fuel cell non-destructive full-operating condition detection system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The acoustic emission sensor module (12) comprises a signal processor (121), a waveguide (122) and a plurality of acoustic emission sensor contacts (123); the signal processor (121) is respectively connected to the plurality of acoustic emission sensor contacts (123) for communication; one end of the waveguide (122) is used to abut against the solid oxide fuel cell (200); and the plurality of acoustic emission sensor contacts (123) are respectively used to be correspondingly arranged on an intake pipeline, an exhaust pipeline and an end of the waveguide (122) away from the solid oxide fuel cell (200) to respectively collect acoustic emission data of the intake pipeline, the exhaust pipeline and the solid oxide fuel cell (200).

4. The solid oxide fuel cell non-destructive full-operating condition detection system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The waveguide (122) is configured as a straight rod-shaped structure with equal diameter; or, The waveguide (122) is configured as a variable diameter straight rod-shaped structure, the variable diameter straight rod-shaped structure comprising a first end and a second end that are arranged opposite to each other, the radial dimension of the first end being greater than the radial dimension of the second end, the first end being used to abut against a solid oxide fuel cell (200), and the second end being used to install an acoustic emission sensing contact (123); wherein the radial dimension of the variable diameter straight rod-shaped structure gradually decreases in a direction from the first end to the second end.

5. The solid oxide fuel cell non-destructive full-operating condition detection system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The gas sensing and analysis module (13) comprises a gas composition analyzer (131) and a plurality of gas composition sensors (132); the gas composition analyzer (131) is respectively connected to the plurality of gas composition sensors (132) for communication; the plurality of gas composition sensors (132) are respectively arranged in an intake pipe and an exhaust pipe to respectively collect gas composition data in the intake pipe and the exhaust pipe.

6. The solid oxide fuel cell non-destructive full-operating condition detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermal imaging module (14) comprises a thermal imager (141), two infrared probes (142) and two infrared transmission windows (143); the infrared transmission window (143) is used to be arranged on the side wall of the detection furnace body (300); the infrared probe (142) is arranged corresponding to the infrared transmission window (143) and is configured to be able to obtain infrared radiation data on the surface of the solid oxide fuel cell (200) from outside the detection furnace body (300); and the thermal imager (141) is respectively connected to the two infrared probes (142) in communication.

7. The solid oxide fuel cell non-destructive full-operating condition detection system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The two infrared transmission windows (143) are configured to acquire infrared radiation data of two adjacent sides of the solid oxide fuel cell (200).

8. The non-destructive full-operating condition detection system for solid oxide fuel cells according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The solid oxide fuel cell non-destructive full-operating condition detection system further comprises a central control and visualization module (5) and a data storage and management module (6); The central control and visualization module (5) is in communication with the data processing and analysis module (3) to visualize the acquired data and adjust the control parameters; The data storage and management module (6) is communicatively connected to the data processing and analysis module (3) to store the acquired data and support historical data query and analysis.

9. A method for operating a non-destructive full-operating condition detection system for a solid oxide fuel cell, characterized in that: A non-destructive full-operating-condition detection system for a solid oxide fuel cell applied to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the operating method comprises: Step S1: preprocessing the data; The step S1 specifically includes: for the AC signal response data, performing noise filtering to eliminate DC bias and system errors; for the acoustic emission data, performing denoising processing and setting a cut-off threshold; for the composition data of each gas, using moving average or low-pass filtering to smooth the data and reduce random fluctuations; for the surface infrared radiation data, performing image correction and using an image filtering algorithm to remove regional image noise; Step S2: extracting features from the data; The step S2 specifically includes: for the AC signal response data, using an equivalent circuit model to fit the impedance spectrum, extracting electrochemical parameters, analyzing impedance changes at different frequencies, and identifying reaction mechanisms and kinetic information; for the acoustic emission data, extracting its time domain features, frequency domain features, and counting features respectively; for each gas component data, obtaining the real-time concentration value corresponding to each gas component, and calculating the rate of change of the gas concentration over time, and capturing events where the rate of change is greater than a set threshold; for the surface infrared radiation data, obtaining the temperature matrix data of the solid oxide fuel cell surface, and identifying the area where the temperature is abnormally increased, and extracting the position and temperature value of the area; Step S3: preliminary analysis of the data; The step S3 specifically includes: for the AC signal response data, evaluating the performance of the solid oxide fuel cell according to the extracted electrochemical parameters; for the acoustic emission data, determining the location of the acoustic emission source, identifying the generation type corresponding to the acoustic emission source, and monitoring the changes in the acoustic emission activity to predict potential structural failures; for each gas component data, calculating the fuel utilization efficiency of the solid oxide fuel cell and evaluating the electrochemical reaction state inside the solid oxide fuel cell; for the surface infrared radiation data, evaluating the thermal management state of the solid oxide fuel cell according to the temperature distribution, identifying the overheating area, and calculating the thermal efficiency of the solid oxide fuel cell; Step S4: fusing the data; The step S4 specifically includes: fusing the AC signal response data, the acoustic emission data, the gas component data and the surface infrared radiation data to establish a unified data set; Step S5: using the fused data for comprehensive analysis; The step S5 specifically includes: using an artificial intelligence algorithm to comprehensively analyze the fused data to perform fault diagnosis and prediction of the solid oxide fuel cell; Step S6: Output the results of the comprehensive analysis; The step S6 specifically includes: performing, according to the result of the comprehensive analysis, respectively: generating and publishing alarm information, regularly generating operation reports, and transmitting the analysis results to the control and feedback module.

10. The operating method of the solid oxide fuel cell non-destructive full-operating condition detection system according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S4, fusing the AC signal response data, the acoustic emission data, the gas component data and the surface infrared radiation data includes: Time synchronization fusion: Use timestamps to align AC signal response data, acoustic emission data, gas composition data, and surface infrared radiation data on the time axis; Spatial correlation fusion: Correlating measurement data at different locations based on the spatial layout of sensors in various parts of the non-destructive testing component; Feature-level fusion: The features of each data extracted in step S3 are combined into a comprehensive feature vector.

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