Device and method for compositely manufacturing metal component based on additive and subtractive materials assisted by pulse current

Abstract

A device and method for compositely manufacturing a metal component based on additive and subtractive materials assisted by pulse current comprises an intelligent control system, and the intelligent control system regulates and controls work switching of an additive manufacturing module, a subtractive machining module and a pulse current auxiliary module and provides process guidance feedback for the additive manufacturing module, the subtractive machining module and the pulse current auxiliary module. On the basis of acquisition information of the surface temperature and the geometric dimension of a component, forming process parameters of additive manufacturing, a cutting strategy of subtractive machining and input of pulse current are adjusted in real time, a pulse current auxiliary module acts on the whole process of additive and subtractive alternate forming, and preheating and slow cooling functions are achieved in the additive manufacturing stage; the surface machinability is improved in the subtractive machining stage; the three-in-one ordered integration of the material increasing module, the material decreasing module and the pulse current processing module under the centralized control of the intelligent control system is realized, and the technical problems of metallurgical defect control, machining precision control and manufacturing cost control in the material increasing and decreasing forming period are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of additive and subtractive composite manufacturing, and specifically relates to a device and method for manufacturing metal components using pulse current-assisted additive and subtractive composite manufacturing. Background Art

[0002] Laser Directed Energy Deposition (LDED) is an additive manufacturing technology based on a high-energy laser beam. It achieves near-net-net shape of complex components by synchronously melting metal powder at the laser focus and depositing it layer by layer. It has the characteristics of fast cooling and heating, but its main disadvantage is low forming accuracy. Subtractive machining is a manufacturing process that removes material through mechanical processing methods such as cutting, milling, and turning to make the workpiece achieve the target shape and precision. Subtractive machining has high precision, but the material loss rate is large, making it difficult to process complex components. Hybrid Additive & Subtractive Manufacturing is an integrated process that combines additive manufacturing (such as 3D printing to accumulate materials) and subtractive machining (such as cutting to remove materials). By alternating or synchronizing material accumulation and precision machining, it achieves efficient and high-precision forming of complex parts.

[0003] There are currently two main methods for additive and subtractive composite manufacturing: the manufacturing method of first additive manufacturing and then overall subtractive processing, and the manufacturing method of alternating additive and subtractive processing. For the manufacturing method of first additive manufacturing and then overall subtractive processing, there are problems such as machining interference, which makes it difficult to process components with complex internal cavities and other morphological features. For the manufacturing method of alternating additive and subtractive processing, although machining interference can be effectively avoided, there is still the problem of excessive temperature gradient between the substrate and the deposit during the additive and subtractive composite manufacturing process, and the thermal stress of the additive manufacturing block is large, which is prone to deformation or even cracking. Especially for high-hardness metal materials, the manufacturing characteristics of difficult component machining have not been eliminated.

[0004] Currently published patents related to additive and subtractive composite manufacturing mostly focus on device improvements and adjustments to forming strategies, with few addressing optimization and improvements to processing methods during the additive and subtractive composite manufacturing process. For example, the patent application titled "Additive and subtractive manufacturing method and device based on induction heating additive and laser subtractive processing" (publication number CN115519268A) proposes using induction heating to melt metal bars for additive manufacturing combined with laser subtractive processing, but its scope of application is limited to metal bars. The patent application entitled "An Induction-Assisted Additive and Subtractive Composite Manufacturing Method" (publication number CN117428504A) involves electromagnetic induction heating-assisted additive and subtractive composite manufacturing. However, it suffers from the following issues: induction heating is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. For strongly magnetic powder materials, the alternating magnetic field generated by induction heating can significantly affect the magnetic powder stream, causing particles to aggregate or change their flow trajectory through magnetic force. If the powder is conductive, it can also induce eddy current heating. For weakly magnetic powder materials, induction heating consumes a lot of energy. Furthermore, induction heating is limited by the morphology and size of the component, resulting in a low degree of freedom, further reducing the method's universality and making it unsuitable for additive manufacturing of laser-directed energy deposition powder materials. The patent application entitled "Pulsed Current-Assisted Cutting Processing System and Processing Method" (publication number CN113814745B) proposes a method using pulsed current to assist cutting, which can effectively alleviate work hardening of titanium alloys during machining. However, it does not address the field of additive and subtractive composite manufacturing and fails to address issues such as cracking during additive manufacturing. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for the composite manufacturing of metal components based on pulse current assisted additive and subtractive materials, which realizes the orderly integration of the additive manufacturing module, subtractive processing module and pulse current assisted module under the centralized control of the intelligent control system, and regulates each module based on multi-source collected data (temperature and geometric dimensions) to form a multi-module closed-loop control for alternating additive and subtractive forming of target components.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A device for pulse current-assisted additive and subtractive composite manufacturing of metal components, comprising an additive manufacturing module, a subtractive processing module, a pulse current auxiliary module and an intelligent control system; the intelligent control system regulates the working switching of the additive manufacturing module, the subtractive processing module and the pulse current auxiliary module, and at the same time provides process guidance feedback for the additive manufacturing module, the subtractive processing module and the pulse current auxiliary module, specifically: based on the collected information of the component surface temperature and geometric dimensions, the forming process parameters of the additive manufacturing, the cutting strategy of the subtractive processing and the input of the pulse current are adjusted in real time, wherein the pulse current auxiliary module acts on the entire process of alternating additive and subtractive forming, performs preheating and slow cooling functions in the additive manufacturing stage, and improves the surface cutting performance in the subtractive processing stage.

[0008] The additive manufacturing module is based on the additive manufacturing method of laser directed energy deposition, adopts a high-precision coaxial composite design, integrates a fiber laser and a four-channel independent powder feeding system, is equipped with a beam shaping device and a continuously adjustable spot diameter, and the powder feeding system adopts carrier gas voltage stabilization control; mica sheets are used to insulate the end of the cladding head from other parts of the additive manufacturing module.

[0009] The subtractive processing module adopts a rigid anti-vibration six-axis industrial robot as a linkage structure, integrates an electric spindle and a multi-station automatic tool changing system, and is equipped with a carbide / PCD / CBN tool library. Mica sheets are used to insulate the spindle and other parts of the subtractive processing module.

[0010] The pulse current auxiliary module uses intelligent pulse control technology and consists of three major parts: a high-precision pulse power supply system, an adaptive electrode device, and a real-time temperature control system. Through skin effect compensation algorithm and dynamic impedance matching technology, it automatically optimizes heating parameters according to the resistance characteristics of different alloys to achieve rapid and uniform heating of the material's exterior.

[0011] The intelligent control system adopts an "edge-cloud" collaborative architecture, integrating real-time control of multiple physical fields and deep learning quality prediction functions, and realizes the coordinated control of the three major processes of additive, subtractive and pulse current processing through an industrial-grade FPGA controller; the intelligent control system includes: an adaptive optimization algorithm, which synchronously optimizes laser power, pulse current and milling parameters based on the improved NSGA-II framework; combines temperature measurement probes to measure the surface temperature of the component, and feeds back to the pulse current auxiliary module for adaptive temperature control; at the same time, combines shape measurement probes to collect the external dimensions of the component, and feeds back comparative numerical models to guide subtractive processing.

[0012] The device for pulse current-assisted additive and subtractive composite manufacturing of metal components comprises a substrate 7 placed on a rigid base platform, with both sides of the substrate 7 connected to a power source 5 of a pulse current-assisted heating module; the substrate 7 cooperates with the additive manufacturing module to achieve additive manufacturing of a component 10 on the substrate 7, and the substrate 7 cooperates with the subtractive processing module to achieve subtractive manufacturing of the component 10;

[0013] The additive manufacturing module includes a second multi-degree-of-freedom industrial robot 2, which controls the movement of the cladding head 4; the subtractive processing module includes a first multi-degree-of-freedom industrial robot 1, which controls the movement of the milling cutter 3; the pulse current auxiliary heating module cooperates with the temperature measuring probe 12 and the geometric dimension measuring probe 6 to adaptively control the temperature of the substrate 7 and the component 10 that alternates between additive and subtractive processing.

[0014] The rigid base platform adopts a three-layer composite structure of an upper conductive copper alloy 9, an insulating ceramic composite material 11, and a lower cast iron matrix 8. The rigid base platform is installed on a three-axis moving mechanism driven by a linear motor.

[0015] A method for manufacturing a metal component using a device based on pulse current-assisted additive and subtractive composite manufacturing comprises the following steps:

[0016] Step 1): Based on the 3D model of the target part, the intelligent control system automatically analyzes the geometric features and combines them with the material properties to calculate the optimal alternating frequency for additive and subtractive forming. For the additive manufacturing module, a variable spacing scanning strategy is adopted. For the subtractive machining module, the allowance distribution is set and an adaptive tool path is generated based on the geometric characteristics of the additive layer.

[0017] Step 2): The pulse current auxiliary module preheats the substrate 7, and the temperature measurement probe 12 monitors the temperature of the substrate 7 in real time, and provides real-time feedback to the intelligent control system to achieve closed-loop temperature control;

[0018] Step 3): Additive manufacturing is carried out under the condition that the substrate 7 is heated. After the additive manufacturing module completes the current stage of additive manufacturing, the pulse current auxiliary module continues to supply pulse current to maintain the component 10 at the target temperature, ensuring that the component 10 is processed at a temperature throughout the additive and subtractive composite manufacturing process;

[0019] Step 4): After completing the deposition of several layers of additive manufacturing in the current process, the deposition area is scanned using the geometric dimension measurement probe 6 and compared with the standard numerical model. The subtractive strategy of the current process is output through the intelligent control system. The process parameters after adaptive planning are used to optimize the tool path according to the geometric characteristics of the additive manufacturing deposition layer; the skin effect and electroplastic effect of the current of the pulse current auxiliary module are used to treat the surface of the component 10 to reduce the surface hardness of the component 10. The subtractive processing of the deposition area ensures that the top has a boss structure to facilitate subsequent deposition;

[0020] Step 5): Repeat steps 3) to 4) until the entire part is formed, and finally perform subtractive processing on the component surface until the component's geometric features meet the target requirements.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. The pulse current auxiliary module of the present invention has significant advantages such as high energy utilization, fast response speed, and adjustable and controllable parameters. It is particularly suitable for interlayer aging treatment of metal materials with many metallurgical defects such as high-temperature alloys and high-strength steels that are difficult to machine and additively manufactured.

[0023] 2. The pulse current auxiliary module of the present invention has a highly flexible auxiliary heating function. By adjusting the electrode clamping position, it can achieve overall and local heating of the target area. It is not limited by the geometric dimensions of the component and can complete the heating treatment of complex-shaped components. Compared with other auxiliary heating methods such as induction coils, pulse current can heat the substrate and deposition area by Joule heating without interfering with the stability of the magnetic powder beam or causing interference with the machining tool. This achieves preheating and slow cooling during the additive manufacturing process, reduces the temperature gradient and internal stress of the component, thereby avoiding component deformation and ensuring component forming accuracy.

[0024] 3. The pulse current assist of the present invention can act on the entire process of alternating forming of additive and subtractive composite manufacturing. In addition to the preheating and slow cooling effects in the additive manufacturing stage, the skin effect and electroplastic effect of the pulse current can significantly reduce the difficulty of cutting the surface of near-net-shaped components, thereby realizing efficient and high-quality subtractive processing of difficult-to-cut components.

[0025] 4. This invention incorporates an intelligent control system that effectively processes multi-source information, adaptively regulates current flow and additive and subtractive processes, and enables advanced manufacturing. Pulsed current, coupled with a temperature measurement probe, enables temperature control during the alternating additive and subtractive forming process. Adaptive current and voltage adjustments create a closed-loop control loop, ensuring optimal Joule heat distribution across the substrate and component surfaces.

[0026] In summary, the present invention can realize the full in-situ heat treatment of components during the alternating forming process of additive and subtractive materials. On the one hand, the Joule heating effect of electric current is used to realize preheating and slow cooling of components in the additive forming stage, thereby reducing the internal stress and metallurgical defects of the components. On the other hand, the skin effect and electroplastic effect of electric current are used to assist in subtractive processing of the outer surface of the components, thereby reducing the difficulty of machining and improving the cutting quality. It breaks through the technical bottleneck of the difficulty in balancing forming accuracy and metallurgical quality in the additive manufacturing of traditional metal materials, eliminates the current application limitations of the cutting-edge technology of additive and subtractive composite manufacturing in the production of high-temperature alloys, high-strength steels and other materials that are easy to crack and difficult to machine, and solves key technical problems such as metallurgical defect control, machining accuracy control and manufacturing cost control during additive and subtractive forming. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the specific structure of the device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the details of additive manufacturing and subtractive processing of the device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a flow chart of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0032] Reference Figure 1 A device for pulse current-assisted additive and subtractive composite manufacturing of metal components, comprising an additive manufacturing module, a subtractive processing module, a pulse current-assisted module, and an intelligent control system, is designed to achieve high-quality forming of complex components made of high-hardness, difficult-to-machine, and multi-defect metal materials.

[0033] The intelligent control system regulates the working switching of the additive manufacturing module, subtractive processing module, and pulse current auxiliary module, and provides process guidance feedback for the additive manufacturing module, subtractive processing module, and pulse current auxiliary module. Specifically: based on the collected information of the component surface temperature and geometric dimensions, the forming process parameters of additive manufacturing, the cutting strategy of subtractive processing, and the input of pulse current are adjusted in real time. Among them, the pulse current auxiliary module acts on the entire process of alternating additive and subtractive forming, performs preheating and slow cooling functions in the additive manufacturing stage, and improves surface cutting properties in the subtractive processing stage.

[0034] Additive Manufacturing Module: Based on the additive manufacturing method of laser directed energy deposition, it adopts a high-precision coaxial composite design, integrating a fiber laser and a four-channel independent powder feeding system. It is equipped with a beam shaping device and a continuously adjustable spot diameter. The powder feeding system uses carrier gas voltage control to ensure high-precision powder transportation. The end of the cladding head is insulated from the rest of the additive manufacturing module with mica sheets to prevent the pulse current during processing from affecting the operation of related mechanisms and the safety of operators.

[0035] Subtractive machining module: This module utilizes a rigid, vibration-proof six-axis industrial robot as a linkage structure, integrates a high-power, high-torque electric spindle, and a multi-station automatic tool change system to achieve rapid tool changes during machining. It is equipped with a dedicated tool library for carbide, PCD, and CBN tools. The tools must possess a certain degree of high-temperature wear resistance to meet the working conditions of heated subtractive machining. Mica sheets are used to insulate the spindle from other parts of the subtractive machining module to prevent pulse currents from affecting the operation of related mechanisms and the safety of operators during machining.

[0036] Pulse current auxiliary module: It uses intelligent pulse control technology and is designed for the additive and subtractive composite manufacturing process of alloy materials with difficult machining and many metallurgical defects. It consists of a high-precision pulse power supply system (output current 1-20kA adjustable, frequency 1-1000Hz), an adaptive electrode device (contact resistance ≤10 -5 Ω) and a real-time temperature control system (±15°C accuracy). Through skin effect compensation algorithm and dynamic impedance matching technology, it automatically optimizes heating parameters according to the resistance characteristics of different alloys to achieve rapid and uniform heating of the material's exterior.

[0037] Intelligent control system: Adopting an "edge-cloud" collaborative architecture, it integrates real-time control of multiple physical fields and deep learning quality prediction functions, and realizes the coordinated control of the three major processes of additive, subtractive and pulse current processing through an industrial-grade FPGA controller (1MHz sampling frequency); the intelligent control system includes: an adaptive optimization algorithm, which synchronously optimizes laser power, pulse current and milling parameters based on the improved NSGA-II framework; combines temperature measurement probes to measure the surface temperature of components, and feeds back pulse current auxiliary modules for adaptive temperature control; at the same time, combines shape measurement probes to collect the external dimensions of components, and feeds back comparative numerical models to guide subtractive processing.

[0038] Reference Figure 2 The device for pulse current-assisted additive and subtractive composite manufacturing of metal components includes a substrate 7 placed on a rigid base platform, and both sides of the substrate 7 are connected to a power supply 5 of a pulse current-assisted heating module; the substrate 7 and the additive manufacturing module cooperate to realize additive manufacturing of a component 10 on the substrate 7, and the substrate 7 and the subtractive processing module cooperate to realize subtractive manufacturing of the component 10.

[0039] The additive manufacturing module includes a second multi-degree-of-freedom industrial robot 2 , which controls the movement of the cladding head 4 .

[0040] The subtractive machining module includes a first multi-degree-of-freedom industrial robot 1 , which controls the movement of a milling cutter 3 .

[0041] The pulse current auxiliary heating module cooperates with the temperature measuring probe 12 and the geometric dimension measuring probe 6 to adaptively control the temperature of the substrate 7 and the component 10 with alternating addition and subtraction of materials.

[0042] The rigid base platform adopts a three-layer composite structure of an upper conductive copper alloy 9, an insulating ceramic composite material 11, and a lower cast iron matrix 8. The rigid base platform is installed on a three-axis moving mechanism driven by a linear motor.

[0043] Reference Figure 3The milling cutter 3 is composed of a milling cutter head 13 and a milling cutter seat 14. A first insulating mica sheet 15 is provided at the connection between the milling cutter seat 14 and the first multi-degree-of-freedom industrial robot 1; a powder feeder powder outlet pipe 16 is provided on the outside of the cladding head 4, and a second insulating mica sheet 17 is provided at the connection between the cladding head 4 and the second multi-degree-of-freedom industrial robot 2 to prevent the pulse current during processing from affecting the operation of related mechanisms and the safety of operators.

[0044] In metal powder feeding systems, the conductivity of the powder does not usually affect the present invention. The main reasons are as follows: first, there is contact resistance and oxide layer between metal powder particles, resulting in an overall conductivity much lower than that of bulk metal; second, when the powder flows, the contact between the particles is short and discontinuous, making it difficult to form a stable current path; in addition, the powder hose is made of insulating materials, such as plastic pipes, and the powder feeder has a grounding design, which can effectively eliminate static electricity accumulation.

[0045] Reference Figure 4 A method for manufacturing a metal component by using a device based on pulse current-assisted additive and subtractive composite manufacturing comprises the following steps:

[0046] Step 1): Based on the 3D model of the target part, the intelligent control system automatically analyzes geometric features such as free-form surfaces and thin walls, combined with material properties, to calculate the optimal alternating frequency for additive and subtractive forming. For the additive manufacturing module, a variable-pitch scanning strategy is used to reduce heat accumulation and ensure the reliability of the additive manufacturing process. For the subtractive processing module, a reasonable allowance distribution is set, and adaptive tool paths are generated based on the geometric characteristics of the additive layer to avoid air cutting and collisions.

[0047] Step 2): The pulse current auxiliary module preheats the substrate 7, and the temperature measurement probe 12 monitors the temperature of the substrate 7 in real time, and provides real-time feedback to the intelligent control system to achieve closed-loop temperature control, that is, the current is increased when the temperature is lower than the target temperature, and the current is reduced when the temperature is higher than the target temperature;

[0048] Step 3): Additive manufacturing is carried out under the condition that the substrate 7 is heated to improve the fluidity of the molten pool and enhance the metallurgical quality. After the additive manufacturing module completes the current stage of additive manufacturing, the pulse current auxiliary module maintains the continuous flow of pulse current to achieve slow cooling of the deposition area, reduce the temperature gradient of the deposition area, alleviate internal stress, and avoid component cracking. The pulse current auxiliary processing is used in all the following steps to maintain the component 10 at the target temperature, ensuring that the component 10 is processed at temperature throughout the additive and subtractive composite manufacturing process.

[0049] Step 4): After completing the deposition of several layers of additive manufacturing in the current process, the deposition area is scanned using the geometric dimension measurement probe 6, and compared with the standard numerical model. The subtractive strategy of the current process is output through the intelligent control system, and the process parameters after adaptive planning are used to optimize the tool path according to the geometric characteristics of the additive manufacturing deposition layer, focusing on cutting areas where there may be subsequent machining interference; the pulse current is still maintained during the current subtractive processing stage, and the skin effect and electroplastic effect of the current are used to treat the surface of the component 10, reduce the surface hardness of the component 10, reduce the difficulty of surface subtractive cutting of the component 10, and suppress the wear of the milling cutter 3 and the work hardening of the surface of the component 10; it should be noted that the subtractive processing of the deposition area should ensure that the top is a boss structure to facilitate subsequent deposition;

[0050] Step 5): Repeat steps 3) to 4) until the entire part is formed, and finally perform subtractive finishing on the component surface until the component's geometric features meet the target requirements.

[0051] In summary, in order to meet the high-quality forming requirements of complex geometric features of difficult-to-machine and multi-defect metal materials produced by additive manufacturing, the present invention proposes the use of pulsed current to assist in the alternating forming of additive and subtractive composite manufacturing; in the additive manufacturing stage, the Joule heating effect of the current is used to achieve preheating and slow cooling of the substrate and the component, thereby improving the metallurgical bonding quality and reducing internal stress; in the subtractive manufacturing stage, the skin effect and electroplastic effect of the current are used to reduce the difficulty of cutting the component surface, reduce tool wear and improve forming accuracy; during composite manufacturing, the surface temperature and geometric shape of the component are collected by the intelligent control system, and the additive and subtractive process and pulse current input are controlled in real time to improve the reliability of the solution.

Claims

1. A device for pulse current-assisted additive and subtractive composite manufacturing of metal components, characterized by: It includes an additive manufacturing module, a subtractive processing module, a pulse current auxiliary module and an intelligent control system; the intelligent control system regulates the working switching of the additive manufacturing module, the subtractive processing module and the pulse current auxiliary module, and provides process guidance feedback for the additive manufacturing module, the subtractive processing module and the pulse current auxiliary module. Specifically: based on the collected information of the surface temperature and geometric dimensions of the component, the forming process parameters of the additive manufacturing, the cutting strategy of the subtractive processing and the input of the pulse current are adjusted in real time. Among them, the pulse current auxiliary module acts on the entire process of alternating additive and subtractive forming, performs preheating and slow cooling functions in the additive manufacturing stage, and improves the surface cutting properties in the subtractive processing stage.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The additive manufacturing module is based on the additive manufacturing method of laser directed energy deposition, adopts a high-precision coaxial composite design, integrates a fiber laser and a four-channel independent powder feeding system, is equipped with a beam shaping device and a continuously adjustable spot diameter, and the powder feeding system adopts carrier gas voltage stabilization control; mica sheets are used to insulate the end of the cladding head from other parts of the additive manufacturing module.

3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The subtractive processing module adopts a rigid anti-vibration six-axis industrial robot as a linkage structure, integrates an electric spindle and a multi-station automatic tool changing system, and is equipped with a carbide / PCD / CBN tool library. Mica sheets are used to insulate the spindle and other parts of the subtractive processing module.

4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pulse current auxiliary module uses intelligent pulse control technology and consists of three major parts: a high-precision pulse power supply system, an adaptive electrode device, and a real-time temperature control system. Through the skin effect compensation algorithm and dynamic impedance matching technology, it automatically optimizes the heating parameters according to the resistance characteristics of different alloys to achieve rapid and uniform heating of the material's exterior.

5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent control system adopts an "edge-cloud" collaborative architecture, integrating real-time control of multiple physical fields and deep learning quality prediction functions, and realizes the coordinated control of the three major processes of additive, subtractive and pulse current processing through an industrial-grade FPGA controller; the intelligent control system includes: an adaptive optimization algorithm, which synchronously optimizes laser power, pulse current and milling parameters based on the improved NSGA-II framework; combines temperature measurement probes to measure the surface temperature of the component, and feeds back to the pulse current auxiliary module for adaptive temperature control; at the same time, combines shape measurement probes to collect the external dimensions of the component, and feeds back comparative numerical models to guide subtractive processing.

6. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The device for composite manufacturing of metal components based on pulse current-assisted additive and subtractive manufacturing comprises a substrate (7) placed on a rigid base platform, both sides of the substrate (7) being connected to a power source (5) of a pulse current-assisted heating module; the substrate (7) and the additive manufacturing module cooperate to realize additive manufacturing of a component (10) on the substrate (7), and the substrate (7) and the subtractive processing module cooperate to realize subtractive manufacturing of the component (10); The additive manufacturing module includes a second multi-degree-of-freedom industrial robot (2), which controls the movement of a cladding head (4); the subtractive processing module includes a first multi-degree-of-freedom industrial robot (1), which controls the movement of a milling cutter (3); and the pulse current auxiliary heating module cooperates with a temperature measuring probe (12) and a geometric dimension measuring probe (6) to adaptively control the temperature of a substrate (7) and a component (10) that alternately performs additive and subtractive processing.

7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rigid base platform adopts a three-layer composite structure of an upper conductive copper alloy (9), an insulating ceramic composite material (11), and a lower cast iron matrix (8). The rigid base platform is installed on a three-axis moving mechanism driven by a linear motor.

8. A method for manufacturing a metal component by using the device for pulse current-assisted additive and subtractive composite manufacturing according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1): Based on the 3D model of the target part, the intelligent control system automatically analyzes the geometric features and combines them with the material properties to calculate the optimal alternating frequency for additive and subtractive forming. For the additive manufacturing module, a variable spacing scanning strategy is adopted. For the subtractive machining module, the allowance distribution is set and an adaptive tool path is generated based on the geometric characteristics of the additive layer. Step 2): The pulse current auxiliary module preheats the substrate (7), and the temperature measurement probe (12) monitors the temperature of the substrate (7) in real time, and provides real-time feedback to the intelligent control system to achieve closed-loop temperature control; Step 3): Additive manufacturing is carried out under the condition that the substrate (7) is heated. After the additive manufacturing module completes the additive manufacturing of the current stage, the pulse current auxiliary module maintains the continuous introduction of pulse current to maintain the component (10) at the target temperature, ensuring that the additive and subtractive composite manufacturing of the component (10) is processed at temperature throughout the entire process; Step 4): After completing the deposition of several layers of additive manufacturing in the current process, the deposition area is scanned using a geometric dimension measurement probe (6), and compared with the standard numerical model. The subtractive strategy of the current process is output through the intelligent control system, and the process parameters after adaptive planning are used to optimize the tool path according to the geometric characteristics of the additive manufacturing deposition layer; the skin effect and electroplastic effect of the current of the pulse current auxiliary module are used to process the surface of the component (10) to reduce the surface hardness of the component (10), and the subtractive processing of the deposition area ensures that the top is a boss structure, which is convenient for subsequent deposition; Step 5): Repeat steps 3) to 4) until the entire part is formed, and finally perform subtractive processing on the component surface until the component's geometric feature details meet the target requirements.

Images