Dam crest drainage structure of earth and rockfill dam
By designing the drainage structure of waveproof walls, curbs, longitudinal drainage ditches and bricks on the top of the earth and rock dam, the problems of water leakage and turf slope erosion on the top of the earth and rock dam are solved, and efficient drainage is achieved and improved Safety and net width of the dam top.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202420693706.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-04-07
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-10
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-04-07
AI Technical Summary
The dam tops of existing small and medium-sized earth and rock dams lack effective drainage structures, resulting in water accumulation on the dam top leaking between the curb and the dam top pavement, which may cause dam landslides, and the turf slope protection ability is poor, which is easy to form ditches, affecting The safety of the earth and rock dam.
A dam top drainage structure including waveproof wall, curb, longitudinal drainage ditch, cover brick and drainage bend pipe was designed. The waveproof wall is composed of a base and a vertical wall. The curb extends to form a longitudinal drainage ditch, and the brick is covered with inverted The trapezoidal structure and snap-on splicing are spliced, and the steel bar handles are easy to clean, forming a complete drainage system and reducing water leakage.
Effectively reduce water leakage at the dam top, prevent dam landslides, enhance the safety of the earth and rock dam, and reduce the erosion of turf slope protection, improve the net width of the dam top and the installation convenience.
Smart Images
Figure CN222332627U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of water conservancy projects, in particular to a drainage structure on the top of an earth-rock dam. Background Art
[0002] There are nearly 100,000 dams in my country, of which about 90,000 are earth-rock dams, accounting for 90%; and most of the earth-rock dams are small and medium-sized earth-rock dams, and most of them were built in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, more than 70 years ago.
[0003] The existing small and medium-sized earth-rock dams do not have a good drainage structure on the dam top, so it is easy to form water accumulation at the curbstone on the dam top. The accumulated water will seep down along the structural seam between the curbstone and the dam top road surface, and in severe cases, it will cause the dam to slide. In addition, the downstream dam slope of the existing small and medium-sized earth-rock dams often uses turf slope protection, which has poor anti-scouring ability. At this time, if there is no good drainage structure on the dam top, it is very easy to form gullies or rain ditch on the turf slope protection, which will affect the safety of the earth-rock dam in the long run. Therefore, it is particularly important to design a reasonable dam top drainage structure for earth-rock dams. Summary of the invention
[0004] The utility model aims to provide a drainage structure for the top of an earth-rock dam in view of the defects of the prior art.
[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model can adopt the following technical solutions:
[0006] The earth-rock dam crest drainage structure described in the utility model comprises a wave-breaking wall and a curbstone buried in the dam crest along the length direction of the earth-rock dam, wherein the wave-breaking wall is located at the upstream edge of the dam crest, and the curbstone is located at the downstream edge of the dam crest; the lower edge of the curbstone horizontally extends toward the downstream side of the earth-rock dam, and the extended end thereof is vertically turned up to form a longitudinal drainage ditch, and the longitudinal drainage ditch is located at the crest of the downstream dam slope of the earth-rock dam, a plurality of cover bricks are laid side by side along the length direction on the opening of the longitudinal drainage ditch, a plurality of drainage elbows connecting the dam crest and the longitudinal drainage ditch are buried in the curbstone at intervals along the length direction; a plurality of transverse drainage ditches are arranged at intervals along the length direction on the slope surface of the downstream dam slope, and the upper ends of the transverse drainage ditches are connected with both the dam crest and the longitudinal drainage ditch.
[0007] Furthermore, the wave-breaking wall is composed of a base buried in the earth-rock dam and a vertical wall vertically fixed to the base. The vertical wall extends vertically upward through the upstream dam slope of the earth-rock dam to form a retaining wall structure erected on the top of the slope, thereby improving the stability of the wave-breaking wall and enhancing its ability to resist wave impact.
[0008] Furthermore, the dam top is a slope structure that slopes downward from the upstream side to the downstream side of the earth-rock dam. The downward slope of the slope is small, generally 2 to 5 degrees, which can ensure that the accumulated water on the dam top gathers to the curb.
[0009] Furthermore, the cross-section of the cover brick along the width direction of the longitudinal drainage ditch is an inverted trapezoidal structure, and the opening of the longitudinal drainage ditch is an inclined opening consistent with the slope of the downstream dam slope, so that the cover brick is also laid obliquely on the opening of the longitudinal drainage ditch. At this time, one side of the opening of the longitudinal drainage ditch is a splicing slope that fits well with the lower edge of the cover brick, and the other side of the opening is provided with a supporting platform that fits the upper edge of the card cover brick.
[0010] Furthermore, the fitting surfaces of two adjacent cover bricks are mortise and tenon joint structures adapted to buckles, that is, one side of the fitting surfaces of two adjacent cover bricks is a protruding tenon and the other side is a mortise and tenon groove, so that the adjacent cover bricks can be laid side by side stably.
[0011] Furthermore, the center of the top surface of the cover brick protrudes upward to form an energy dissipation boss, which can effectively dissipate energy on the water flow when the amount of water on the dam top is too large and overflows to the downstream dam slope, thereby weakening the scouring of the grass slope protection on the downstream dam slope by the water flow that overflows the curbstone; in addition, steel handles are embedded on the top surface of the cover brick on both sides of the energy dissipation boss to facilitate lifting the cover brick for cleaning and maintenance of the longitudinal drainage ditch.
[0012] The utility model has the advantages that a longitudinal drainage ditch with an integral structure is formed on the curbstone by horizontally extending the lower edge of the curbstone toward the downstream side of the earth-rock dam and vertically turning up the extended end thereof, so that the longitudinal drainage ditch can be buried at the same time as the curbstone is laid, which is not only convenient for installation and laying, but also enables the longitudinal drainage ditch to be buried at the top of the downstream dam slope, thus avoiding encroaching on the dam top area of the earth-rock dam and increasing the net width of the dam top; in addition, a plurality of drainage elbows buried at intervals in the curbstone can also connect the dam top and the longitudinal drainage ditch, thereby forming a complete drainage system, efficiently and quickly draining the accumulated water on the dam top into the longitudinal drainage ditch, effectively reducing the infiltration of the accumulated water on the dam top from the structural joint between the curbstone and the dam top pavement, preventing the occurrence of dam landslides, and improving the safety of the earth-rock dam. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the utility model.
[0014] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Enlarged view of part A in the middle.
[0015] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Top view of the . DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0016] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.
[0017] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present invention (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.
[0018] In addition, in the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connection", "fixation", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "fixation" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
[0019] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the earth-rock dam crest drainage structure described in the utility model includes a wave-breaking wall 1 and a curbstone 2 buried in the dam crest 200 along the length direction of the earth-rock dam 100; wherein the wave-breaking wall 1 is located at the upstream edge of the dam crest 200, and the curbstone 2 is vertically arranged at the downstream edge of the dam crest 200.
[0020] Specifically, the wave-breaking wall 1 is composed of a base buried in the earth-rock dam 100 and a vertical wall vertically fixed to the base. The vertical wall extends vertically upward through the upstream dam slope 300 of the earth-rock dam 100, thereby forming a retaining wall structure erected on the top of the slope. The wave-breaking wall 1 of this structure can improve the overall stability of the earth-rock dam 100, thereby enhancing its ability to resist wave impact.
[0021] The lower edge of the curb 2 extends horizontally toward the downstream side of the earth-rock dam, and the extended end thereof turns up vertically to form a longitudinal drainage ditch 3 integrally formed with the curb 2. When the curb 2 is buried at the downstream edge of the dam crest 200 of the earth-rock dam 100, the burial of the longitudinal drainage ditch 3 can be completed at the same time, and the longitudinal drainage ditch 3 is located at the top of the downstream dam slope 400 of the earth-rock dam 100, which is not only convenient for installation and laying, but also can avoid encroaching on the dam crest 200 area of the earth-rock dam 100, increase the net width of the dam crest 200, and ensure that subsequent flood control vehicles can pass through the dam crest 200.
[0022] A plurality of cover bricks 4 are laid side by side along the length direction of the opening of the longitudinal drainage ditch 3. The opening of the longitudinal drainage ditch 3 is an oblique opening with the same slope as the downstream dam slope 400, so that the cover bricks 4 are also laid obliquely on the opening of the longitudinal drainage ditch 3; in order to improve the stability of the cover bricks 4 laid on the opening of the longitudinal drainage ditch 3, the cover bricks 4 can be designed to have an inverted trapezoidal structure in the cross section along the width direction of the longitudinal drainage ditch 3. At this time, one side of the opening of the longitudinal drainage ditch 3 is a splicing inclined surface 5 that fits the lower edge of the cover brick 4, and the other side of the opening is provided with a supporting platform 6 that fits the upper edge of the card cover brick 4. In order to improve the stability between the continuous cover bricks 4, the fitting surface of the two adjacent cover bricks 4 should be a mortise and tenon splicing structure that fits the buckle, that is, one side of the fitting surface of the two adjacent cover bricks 4 is a convex tenon 7 and the other side is a mortise groove 8, so that the adjacent cover bricks 4 can be firmly spliced together.
[0023] In addition, a plurality of drainage bends 9 connecting the dam top 200 and the longitudinal drainage ditch 3 are buried at intervals in the curb 2 along the length direction, and a plurality of transverse drainage ditches 10 are arranged at intervals in the length direction on the slope surface of the downstream dam slope 400. The transverse drainage ditch 10 keeps consistent with the slope of the downstream dam slope 400, and the upper end of the transverse drainage ditch 10 is connected with the dam top 200 and the longitudinal drainage ditch 3, so that a complete drainage system is formed by the longitudinal drainage ditch 3, the drainage bends 9 and the transverse drainage ditch 10, and the accumulated water on the dam top 200 is efficiently and quickly discharged into the longitudinal drainage ditch 3, and then flows into the transverse drainage ditch 10 through the longitudinal drainage ditch 3, so as to complete the external drainage of the accumulated water on the dam top 200, effectively reduce the infiltration of the accumulated water on the dam top 200 from the structural joint between the curb 2 and the dam top pavement, prevent the occurrence of dam landslides, and improve the safety of the earth-rock dam 100. In addition, in order to allow the accumulated water on the dam top 200 to flow to the side of the curb 2, the dam top 200 should also be designed as a slope structure sloping downward from the upstream side to the downstream side of the earth-rock dam 100. The downward slope of the slope is small, generally 2~5°, which can ensure that the accumulated water on the dam top 200 is gathered to the side of the curb 2.
[0024] Furthermore, an upwardly protruding energy dissipation boss 11 may be provided at the center of the top surface of the cover brick 4. The energy dissipation boss 11 is integrally formed with the cover brick 4, and can effectively dissipate the water flow when the water volume on the dam top 200 is too large and overflows to the downstream dam slope 400, thereby weakening the scouring of the grass slope protection on the downstream dam slope 400 by the water flow that overflows the curbstone 2. In addition, steel handles 12 are embedded in the top surface of the cover brick 4 located on both sides of the energy dissipation boss 11, so that the cover brick 4 can be easily lifted to clean and repair the longitudinal drainage ditch 3. Of course, it is not necessary to embed the steel handle 12 on each cover brick 4. When the cover bricks 4 are actually laid, one cover brick 4 with a steel handle 12 can be laid at a certain interval.
Claims
1. A drainage structure for the crest of an earth-rock dam, comprising a wave-breaking wall and a curbstone buried in the crest of the earth-rock dam along the length direction of the dam, wherein the wave-breaking wall is located at the upstream edge of the crest, and the curbstone is located at the downstream edge of the crest; characterized in that: The lower edge of the curb extends horizontally toward the downstream side of the earth-rock dam, and the extended end thereof turns up vertically to form a longitudinal drainage ditch, which is located at the top of the downstream dam slope of the earth-rock dam. A plurality of cover bricks are laid side by side along the length direction on the opening of the longitudinal drainage ditch, and a plurality of drainage elbows connecting the dam top and the longitudinal drainage ditch are buried in the curb at intervals along the length direction; a plurality of transverse drainage ditches are arranged at intervals along the length direction on the slope surface of the downstream dam slope, and the upper ends of the transverse drainage ditches are connected to both the dam top and the longitudinal drainage ditch.
2. The earth-rock dam top drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wave-breaking wall is composed of a base buried in the earth-rock dam and a vertical wall vertically fixed to the base. The vertical wall extends vertically upward through the upstream dam slope of the earth-rock dam to form a retaining wall structure erected on the top of the slope.
3. The earth-rock dam top drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dam top is a slope structure that slopes downward from the upstream side to the downstream side of the earth-rock dam.
4. The earth-rock dam top drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-section of the cover brick along the width direction of the longitudinal drainage ditch is an inverted trapezoidal structure, and the opening of the longitudinal drainage ditch is an inclined opening consistent with the slope of the downstream dam slope. One side of the opening of the longitudinal drainage ditch is a splicing slope that fits well with the lower edge of the cover brick, and the other side of the opening is provided with a supporting platform that fits the upper edge of the card cover brick.
5. The earth-rock dam top drainage structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fitting surfaces of two adjacent cover bricks are mortise and tenon joint structures adapted to buckles.
6. The earth-rock dam top drainage structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The center of the top surface of the cover brick protrudes upward to form an energy dissipation boss, and steel bar handles are embedded on the top surfaces of the cover bricks located on both sides of the energy dissipation boss.