Conformal antenna
Through the common antenna design, the stacked dielectric layer and conductive layer are used to solve the performance reduction problem of existing multi-layer antennas under the requirements of receiving angle and radiation intensity, and achieve higher gain, bandwidth and signal stability.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202420413094.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-03-04
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-11
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-03-04
AI Technical Summary
When existing multilayer antennas meet the needs of large reception angles and radiation intensity gains, they are large in size and designing to sacrifice certain performance, resulting in overall performance degradation.
Using a common antenna design, the dielectric layer, feeding needle and conductive layer stacked on each other, combined with the setting of the reaming and ink layer, the orthogonal projection overlap and conductive layer are achieved to avoid insulating isolation layers, and optimize the space utilization of the antenna and performance.
The gain and bandwidth of the antenna are improved, and a 2+0 type antenna is formed, which realizes dual-band signal output, enhances space utilization and signal stability, simplifies the structure and is easy to manufacture.
Smart Images
Figure CN222463432U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of microwave communications, and in particular relates to a common antenna. Background Art
[0002] At present, the application of positioning technology is becoming more and more extensive. Each positioning system has different characteristics. The most notable characteristic is that the information carrier frequency bands of each system are different. In order to match the same device with various systems, it is necessary to use antennas that can contain two or more frequency bands, that is, dual-frequency antennas and multi-frequency antennas.
[0003] When the antenna is used in an environment such as a drone, the angle between the satellite and the antenna normal is large, often close to 60°. This requires the antenna to have a large receiving angle range and to maintain a certain radiation intensity gain within this angle range.
[0004] For example, in the S band, with the successful launch of the Tiantong-1 satellite, my country's military and civilian independent satellite mobile communication services have developed rapidly in recent years.
[0005] Since the antenna's signal reception efficiency is related to the size of the antenna, the larger the antenna, the higher the reception efficiency.
[0006] Due to the limitations of receiving performance, there are two ways to design multi-layer antennas:
[0007] 1. The size of the upper antenna must be smaller than that of the lower antenna, so that the radiation surface of the lower antenna is larger than that of the upper antenna;
[0008] 2. The upper and lower antennas have the same size, but an insulating isolation layer of ≥0.6mm needs to be added in the middle;
[0009] There are two design methods. The first one sacrifices the length and width (or diameter) of the upper antenna; the second one sacrifices the thickness of the antenna. Both methods reduce the antenna performance to a certain extent. Utility Model Content
[0010] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a conformal antenna to overcome at least one of the above-mentioned defects in the prior art.
[0011] To achieve this purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:
[0012] The utility model provides a conformal antenna, comprising at least two dielectric layers stacked on each other, a feed pin, and a conductive layer, wherein the upper and lower surfaces of each dielectric layer have conductive layers, the conductive layers between two adjacent dielectric layers are tightly connected together, a through hole is provided in the dielectric layer located at the top layer, and side metallized via holes are provided in the remaining dielectric layers, the through hole is connected to the side metallized via holes, one end of the feed pin is connected to the conductive layer of the dielectric layer located at the top layer, and the other end of the feed pin passes through the through hole and the side metallized via holes in sequence and extends out of the dielectric layer located at the bottom layer, the orthographic projections of the dielectric layers overlap, and an expansion hole is provided in the conductive layer outside the side metallized via holes of the dielectric layer, and the expansion hole is provided in the conductive layer on the upper surface of the dielectric layer.
[0013] Preferably, the diameter of the expanded hole is 2.6-3.5 mm.
[0014] Preferably, the orthographic projection of the conductive layer on the upper surface of the lower dielectric layer on the upper dielectric layer completely covers the orthographic projection of the conductive layer on the lower surface of the upper dielectric layer on the upper dielectric layer.
[0015] Preferably, the conductive layer on the upper surface of the uppermost dielectric layer has an ink layer.
[0016] Preferably, the cross section of the dielectric layer is circular, square or irregular. When the cross section of the dielectric layer is circular or square, the diameter or side length of the dielectric layer is 36-42 mm, and the thickness of the dielectric layer is 2-12 mm.
[0017] Preferably, the dielectric layer is a ceramic dielectric plate, and the dielectric constant of the ceramic dielectric plate is 3-10.
[0018] Preferably, the conductive layer is a silver electrode, which is covered on the surface of the dielectric layer by screen printing, and the material of the feed pin is brass plated with silver.
[0019] Preferably, each dielectric layer has a central metallized via in the middle, the central metallized vias of adjacent dielectric layers are interconnected, the side metallized vias include a first hole and a second hole, the feed needle includes a first needle and a second needle, the first needle passes through the first hole and extends out of the dielectric layer located at the bottom layer, the second needle passes through the second hole and extends out of the dielectric layer located at the bottom layer, and the feeding phases of the first needle and the second needle form a 90-degree difference.
[0020] Preferably, the offset X of the center line of the feed needle relative to the center line of the dielectric layer is 4-8mm, and the distance Y that the feed needle extends from the dielectric layer at the bottom is 1.6-2.2mm after passing through the dielectric layer at the bottom. When the cross-section of the dielectric layer is square, the four corners of the dielectric layer have a radius of 2-6mm. The conductive layer between two adjacent dielectric layers is tightly connected together by bonding, and the conductive layer on the lower surface of the dielectric layer at the bottom is coated with an adhesive layer, and release paper is glued to the adhesive layer.
[0021] Preferably, the conformal antenna is an S-band, GPS-band or BD-band antenna.
[0022] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:
[0023] 1. By setting up overlapping dielectric layers in orthographic projection and combining the setting of hole expansion, not only the space utilization of the antenna is improved, the maximum effective volume of the antenna is obtained, the gain and bandwidth of the antenna are improved, but also a 2+0 type antenna is formed. By using a coupled feed point, the same port can output signals of two frequency bands. By using dual-feed coupling, a wider 3dB axial ratio bandwidth of the two frequency bands can be obtained.
[0024] 2. The two dielectric layers are stacked to avoid the obstruction of the low-frequency band antenna, and to make rational use of the design space, thus improving the performance of the entire antenna system.
[0025] 3. Directly and tightly connected through the conductive layer, no isolation gap is required in the middle, and no insulating layer is required, which further reduces the thickness of the antenna and obtains the best antenna performance in a limited space.
[0026] 4. The structure is relatively simple and easy to manufacture.
[0027] 5. It can receive signals from different frequency bands at the same time and ensure the stability of signal strength, so the antenna performance is stable.
[0028] 6. By limiting the aperture of the expanded hole, the gain effect of the dielectric layer is ensured.
[0029] 7. Maximize the use of space to improve antenna reception performance.
[0030] 8. The ink layer is provided to protect the conductive layer from oxidation.
[0031] 9. Through the reasonable design of the thickness of the upper and lower layers and the feed point, the gains at both ends of TX and RX are balanced, and finally the minimum gain value of 60° elevation angle is achieved>0.
[0032] 10. The thickness of the upper and lower dielectric layers can be adjusted to meet various index requirements. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0033] Figure 1 It is a main structural schematic diagram of the utility model.
[0034] Figure 2 It is a top view structural schematic diagram of the utility model.
[0035] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the top structure of the utility model (excluding the ink layer).
[0036] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the utility model (excluding the ink layer and the feeding needle).
[0037] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the coordination structure of the dielectric layer and the conductive layer located at the bottom of the utility model.
[0038] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the utility model when viewed from above.
[0039] Figure 7 This is a comparison chart of the minimum elevation gain in the Tiantong frequency band.
[0040] The markings in the accompanying drawings are: 1-dielectric layer, 2-feed needle, 3-conductive layer, 4-side metallized via, 5-through hole, 6-expanded hole, 7-ink layer, 8-center metallized via, 41-first hole, 42-second hole, 21-first needle, 22-second needle, 9-rounded corner, 10-adhesive layer, 11-release paper. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0041] The utility model is now further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.
[0042] Contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to professional and technical personnel in this field. In the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate the orientation or position relationship based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present utility model. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" and the like are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0043] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, a conformal antenna provided in this embodiment is a ceramic antenna with an S-band resonant frequency, which is a double-layer antenna with combined output, and the signals have the same direction and combined output of the uplink and downlink bands of the Tiantong-1 satellite. Each dielectric layer 1 is made separately and then pasted after completion. Of course, in other embodiments, by selecting the number of layers, shape, length, width, diameter, etc. of the dielectric layer 1, a GPS band or BD band antenna can be made.
[0044] It includes two dielectric layers 1 stacked one above the other, a feed pin 2, and a conductive layer 3.
[0045] Each dielectric layer 1 has a conductive layer 3 on both the upper and lower surfaces. The conductive layers 3 between two adjacent dielectric layers 1 are tightly connected together by adhesive bonding. The dielectric layer 1 located at the bottom layer is provided with a side metallized via 4, and the remaining dielectric layers 1 are provided with a through hole 5, which is connected to the side metallized via 4. The upper end of the feed needle 2 is connected to the conductive layer 3 of the dielectric layer 1 located at the top layer, and the lower end of the feed needle 2 passes through the through hole and the side metallized via 4 in turn, and extends out of the dielectric layer 1 located at the bottom layer. The orthographic projections of each dielectric layer 1 overlap to achieve a common shape. The conductive layer 3 located at the periphery of the side metallized via 4 of the dielectric layer 1 located at the bottom layer is provided with an expanded hole 6, and the expanded hole 6 is opened in the conductive layer 3 on the upper surface of the dielectric layer 1 located at the bottom layer.
[0046] By setting up in this way, by setting up the dielectric layers 1 overlapping by orthographic projection, combined with the setting of the expansion hole 6, not only the space utilization of the antenna is improved, the maximum effective volume of the antenna is obtained, and the gain and bandwidth of the antenna are improved; and the two dielectric layers 1 are stacked, which not only avoids the shielding of the low-frequency band antenna, but also reasonably utilizes the design space and improves the performance of the entire antenna system; through the direct and tight connection of the conductive layer 3, no isolation gap is required in the middle, and no insulating layer is required, which further reduces the thickness of the antenna, and obtains the best antenna performance in a limited space; and a 2+0 type antenna is formed, using a coupled feed point, and the same port can output signals of two frequency bands. By using dual-feed coupling, a wider 3dB axial ratio bandwidth of the two frequency bands can be obtained. And the structure is relatively simple and easy to manufacture; at the same time, it can receive signals of different frequency bands, and can ensure the stability of signal strength, so the antenna performance is stable. Each feeding point presents a dual frequency point corresponding to 1980-2010MHz / 2170-2200MHz.
[0047] The diameter of the expanded hole 6 in this embodiment is 2.6 mm. The diameter of the expanded hole 6 should not be too large, otherwise the gain of the lower dielectric layer 1 will be lost.
[0048] The orthographic projection of the conductive layer 3 on the upper surface of the dielectric layer 1 located at the lower layer on the dielectric layer 1 located at the upper layer completely covers the orthographic projection of the conductive layer 3 on the lower surface of the dielectric layer 1 located at the upper layer on the dielectric layer 1 located at the upper layer. In this way, the space is utilized to the maximum extent to improve the antenna reception performance.
[0049] The conductive layer 3 on the upper surface of the uppermost dielectric layer 1 has an ink layer 7. The ink layer 7 provides an anti-oxidation protection for the conductive layer 3.
[0050] The cross section of the dielectric layer 1 of this embodiment is square, the side length of the dielectric layer 1 is 38mm, the thickness of the upper dielectric layer 1 is 2mm, and the thickness of the lower dielectric layer 1 is 5mm. The thickness of the upper and lower dielectric layers 1 is set according to the demand indicators. Through the reasonable design of the upper and lower layer thickness and the feed point, the gain at both ends of TX and RX is balanced, and finally the minimum gain value of 60° elevation angle>0 is achieved. Figure 7 The thickness of the upper and lower dielectric layers 1 can be adjusted to meet various index requirements.
[0051] The dielectric layer 1 of this embodiment is a ceramic dielectric plate, and the dielectric constant of the ceramic dielectric plate is 5.
[0052] The conductive layer 3 is a silver electrode, which is covered on the surface of the dielectric layer 1 by screen printing, and the silver electrode is bonded to the ceramic dielectric plate by high-temperature metallization of the silver electrode. The feed pin 2 is made of silver-plated brass and is soldered to the conductive layer 3 of the top dielectric layer 1 by soldering.
[0053] Among them, each dielectric layer 1 has a central metallized via 8 in the middle, and the central metallized vias 8 of adjacent dielectric layers 1 are interconnected. The side metallized via 4 includes a first hole 41 and a second hole 42, the first hole is located on the right side of the central metallized via, and the second hole is located on the rear side of the central metallized via. The feed needle 2 includes a first needle 21 and a second needle 22, the first needle 21 passes through the first hole 41 and extends out of the dielectric layer 1 located at the bottom layer, the second needle 22 passes through the second hole 42 and extends out of the dielectric layer 1 located at the bottom layer, and the feeding phases of the first needle 21 and the second needle 22 form a 90-degree difference.
[0054] Among them, the offset X of the center line of the feed needle 2 relative to the center line of the dielectric layer 1 is 6mm, and the distance Y that the feed needle 2 extends from the dielectric layer 1 at the bottom is 1.9mm after passing through the dielectric layer 1 at the bottom. When the cross-section of the dielectric layer 1 is square, the four corners of the dielectric layer 1 have a 3 of 4mm. The conductive layer 3 on the lower surface of the dielectric layer 1 at the bottom is coated with an adhesive layer 10, and a release paper 11 is adhered to the adhesive layer 10.
[0055] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features thereof may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. A conformal antenna, characterized in that: The device comprises at least two dielectric layers stacked on each other, a feed pin, and a conductive layer; The upper and lower surfaces of each dielectric layer are provided with the conductive layer, and the conductive layers between two adjacent dielectric layers are tightly connected as one; The dielectric layer at the top is provided with through holes, and the remaining dielectric layers are provided with side metallized via holes, and the through holes are connected with the side metallized via holes; One end of the feed needle is connected to the conductive layer of the dielectric layer located at the top layer, and the other end of the feed needle passes through the through hole and the side metallized via hole in sequence, and extends out of the dielectric layer located at the bottom layer; The orthographic projections of the dielectric layers overlap, and the conductive layer outside the metallized via holes on the sides of the dielectric layers is provided with expansion holes, and the expansion holes are opened in the conductive layer on the upper surface of the dielectric layer.
2. The conformal antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the expanded hole is 2.6-3.5 mm.
3. The conformal antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The orthographic projection of the conductive layer on the upper surface of the dielectric layer located in the lower layer on the dielectric layer located in the upper layer completely covers the orthographic projection of the conductive layer on the lower surface of the dielectric layer located in the upper layer on the dielectric layer located in the upper layer.
4. The conformal antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conductive layer on the upper surface of the uppermost dielectric layer has an ink layer.
5. The conformal antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross section of the dielectric layer is circular, square or irregular; When the cross section of the dielectric layer is circular or square, the diameter or side length of the dielectric layer is 36-42 mm, and the thickness of the dielectric layer is 2-12 mm.
6. The conformal antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric layer is a ceramic dielectric plate, and the dielectric constant of the ceramic dielectric plate is 3-10.
7. The conformal antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conductive layer is a silver electrode, which is covered on the surface of the dielectric layer by screen printing; The material of the feed pin is silver-plated brass.
8. The conformal antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each dielectric layer has a central metallized via hole in the middle, and the central metallized via holes of adjacent dielectric layers are interconnected; The side metallized via comprises a first hole and a second hole; The feeding needle comprises a first needle and a second needle; The first needle passes through the first hole and extends out of the dielectric layer located at the bottom; The second needle passes through the second hole and extends out of the dielectric layer located at the bottom; The feeding phases of the first pin and the second pin form a 90 degree difference.
9. The conformal antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The offset X of the center line of the feed needle relative to the center line of the dielectric layer is 4-8 mm; The distance Y between the feed needle passing through the dielectric layer at the bottom and extending out of the dielectric layer at the bottom is 1.6-2.2 mm; When the cross section of the dielectric layer is square, the four corners of the dielectric layer have a fillet of 2-6 mm; The conductive layer between two adjacent dielectric layers is tightly connected together by bonding; The conductive layer on the lower surface of the dielectric layer located at the bottom is coated with an adhesive layer, and a release paper is adhered to the adhesive layer.
10. The conformal antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conformal antenna is an S-band, GPS-band or BD-band antenna.