A variable current and variable speed non-commutated permanent magnet DC motor

Abstract

The present invention discloses a variable current and variable speed non-commutated permanent magnet DC motor, which belongs to the field of DC motors, and solves the problem that the existing DC motors need to overcome the magnetic pull of the permanent magnet stator on the rotor, which consumes a lot of electric energy. It includes a base, a coil inner rotor, a permanent magnet inner stator, a coil outer rotor, and a permanent magnet outer stator. It also includes a rotor shaft, a rotor shaft support, a rotor shaft magnetic suspension inner sleeve, a rotor shaft magnetic suspension outer sleeve, a support magnetic suspension inner sleeve, and a support magnetic suspension coil outer sleeve. The two ends of the rotor shaft are arranged in the support bearings of the two rotor shaft supports. The rotor shaft is tightly sleeved in the inner cavity of the coil inner rotor, and the rotor shaft magnetic suspension inner sleeve is sleeved in the outer diameter openings at both ends of the coil inner rotor. The rotor shaft magnetic suspension outer sleeve is tightly sleeved in the inner diameter openings at both ends of the permanent magnet inner stator. The present invention can manufacture high-power ultra-high-speed permanent magnet DC motors or generators according to demand, which are suitable for electric vehicles, industrial and mining enterprises, and other fields that require power or power generation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of direct current motors, and in particular relates to a variable current and variable speed non-commutated permanent magnet direct current motor. Background Art

[0002] DC motors are divided into radial magnetic field and axial magnetic field according to the magnetic field structure, and the excitation methods are divided into permanent magnetic excitation and winding core excitation. They have one thing in common: due to structural limitations such as size, permanent magnetic materials cannot be used in large volumes and masses, so the utilization rate of permanent magnetic energy is low, and the current must be commutated, which consumes a lot of power. The existing permanent magnet DC motor uses an electromagnetic coil, which is axially wrapped around the radial annular barrel core and set in the inner cavity of a single-polarity barrel-shaped permanent magnetic stator. Its principle is that the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnetic stator and the rotor core generates a magnetic field force on one side of the electromagnetic coil in the magnetic field, but the problem is that the permanent magnetic stator has a strong attraction to the rotor coil core. Whether it can rotate or not, when the rotor coil core rotates, it must first overcome the magnetic pull of the permanent magnetic stator on the rotor, which will consume a lot of electrical energy. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a variable current and variable speed non-commutated permanent magnet DC motor to solve the problem that the existing DC motors have to overcome the magnetic pulling force of the permanent magnet stator on the rotor, which consumes a lot of electric energy.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a variable current and variable speed non-commutation permanent magnet DC motor, comprising a base, a coil inner rotor, a permanent magnet inner stator, a coil outer rotor, and a permanent magnet outer stator, wherein the coil inner rotor is arranged in the inner cavity of the permanent magnet inner stator, the permanent magnet inner stator is arranged in the inner cavity of the coil outer rotor, the coil outer rotor is arranged in the inner cavity of the permanent magnet outer stator, and the permanent magnet outer stator is arranged on the base; it also includes a rotor shaft, a rotor shaft support, a rotor shaft magnetic suspension inner sleeve, a rotor shaft magnetic suspension outer sleeve, a support magnetic suspension inner sleeve, and a support magnetic suspension outer sleeve The two ends of the rotor shaft are arranged in the support bearings of the two rotor shaft supports. The rotor shaft is tightly sleeved in the inner cavity of the coil inner rotor. The outer diameter openings at both ends of the coil inner rotor are sleeved with the rotor shaft magnetic suspension inner sleeves. The rotor shaft magnetic suspension outer sleeve is tightly sleeved in the inner diameter openings at both ends of the permanent magnet inner stator. The two ends of the coil inner rotor and the permanent magnet inner stator are tightly sleeved with the coil inner rotor bearings. The two ends of the rotor shaft are tightly sleeved with the support magnetic suspension inner sleeves. The support magnetic suspension outer sleeve is tightly sleeved on the rotor shaft support and sleeved on the support magnetic suspension inner sleeve.

[0005] As a further improvement of the present invention, rotor shaft keyways and coil inner rotor bearing slots are provided at both ends of the coil inner rotor, and the rotor shaft bearing retaining springs are clamped in the rotor shaft bearing slots.

[0006] As a further improvement of the present invention, a hollow shaft hole for introducing a wire is provided on the rotor shaft near the position of the inner rotor of the coil, and a hollow shaft hole for leading a wire out is provided at the end of the rotor shaft.

[0007] As a further improvement of the present invention, flanges are mounted on both sides of the rotor shaft, and the flanges are fastened to the outer coil rotor.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, the permanent magnet inner stator is composed of an axially concentric steel barrel, the outer diameter of which is fitted with a barrel made of permanent magnet material. After magnetization, the outer diameter forms a single S pole or N pole. The permanent magnet outer stator is composed of an axially concentric barrel made of permanent magnet material, which is tightly fitted in the inner cavity of the machine base. After magnetization, the inner diameter forms a single N pole or S pole.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, when the permanent magnet inner stator is a permanent magnet material stator, the permanent magnet outer stator is a stator made of a high magnetic permeability material, or in order to increase the power, the material can also be slotted and wound with coils to make it a single excitation magnetic field. In order to save manufacturing costs, at this time, the inner stator can also be made of a high magnetic permeability material.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the inner rotor of the coil and the outer rotor of the coil are set as single-turn multi-group windings, which are suitable for low voltage and high current, or are set as multi-turn multi-group windings, which are suitable for high voltage and low current.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the above-mentioned variable current and variable speed non-commutated permanent magnet DC motor can be used as a DC generator.

[0012] The present invention sets permanent magnetic suspension inner and outer sleeves beside the bearing, which reduces the friction resistance of the bearing and prolongs the service life. The present invention removes the carbon brush and sets a liquid conductive box at the end of the hollow rotor shaft, which reduces the maintenance cost. To further reduce the cost, the permanent magnetic outer stator can be axially opened with 2-N slots on the axial concentric silicon steel sheet iron core, and then it is wound into a single polarity excitation core with large square enameled flat copper wire. The positive pole of the power supply is introduced into the excitation winding, and is led out from the excitation winding in a series circuit and connected to the positive pole of the liquid conductive box. The negative pole of the liquid conductive box is connected to the negative pole of the power supply.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the permanent magnet outer stator can be made into a stator with large radial or axial volume and large mass (magnetic induction is related to volume and mass), and a strong magnetic field is formed with the permanent magnet inner stator, providing a stronger magnetic field force for the coil outer rotor. Compared with the existing DC motor, the motor rotor wire diameter manufactured by the present invention increases, and the power consumption will be reduced. When the electric power is constant, the magnetic induction of the permanent magnet stator increases, and the output shaft power will increase. The rotor coil has no iron core, no iron loss, fast torque response, high permanent magnet energy utilization, and low power consumption. Through the current rheostat, the current can be adjusted to change the speed, and no commutation system is required, which changes the history of current commutation of permanent magnet DC motors. It is a new type of energy-saving DC motor. According to demand, high-power ultra-high-speed permanent magnet DC motors or generators can be manufactured, which are suitable for electric vehicles, industrial and mining enterprises and other fields that require power or power generation.

[0014] The utility model discloses a variable current and variable speed non-commutated permanent magnet DC motor which can be used as a DC generator. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 It is an exploded schematic diagram of the coil rotor and the permanent magnet stator in the present invention;

[0017] Figure 3 It is an exploded schematic diagram of the liquid conductive box and the permanent magnetic suspension inner and outer jacket in the present invention;

[0018] Figure 4 It is an assembly schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the inner and outer rotor coil windings of the coil in the present invention.

[0020] In the figure: 1-liquid conductive box, 2-rotor shaft support, 3-flange key, 4-flange, 5-coil inner rotor shaft bearing, 6A-rotor shaft magnetic suspension inner sleeve, 6B-rotor shaft magnetic suspension outer sleeve, 7-rotor shaft keyway, 8A-coil inner rotor, 8B-rotor shaft, 9-permanent magnet inner stator, 10-permanent magnet outer stator, 11A-support magnetic suspension outer sleeve, 11B-support magnetic suspension inner sleeve, 12-support bearing, 13-flange bolt hole, 14-flange keyway, 15-coil conductive plate, 1 6 - base, 17 - bolt hole for support and base, 18 - outer rotor of coil, 19 - fastening bolt hole for flange, 20 - bearing retaining ring for inner rotor of coil, 21 - bearing slot for inner rotor of coil, 22A - fastening bolt hole for conductive plate of inner rotor of coil, 22B - fastening bolt hole for conductive plate of outer rotor of coil, 23A - hole for wire to lead into hollow shaft, 23B - hole for wire to lead out of hollow shaft, 24 - bolt hole for support, 25 - bolt hole for liquid conductive box, 26 - fastening bolt hole for liquid conductive box, 27 - fastening bolt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] A variable current and variable speed non-commutated permanent magnet DC motor comprises a base 16, a coil inner rotor 8A, a permanent magnet inner stator 9, a coil outer rotor 18, and a permanent magnet outer stator 10. The coil inner rotor 8A is arranged in the inner cavity of the permanent magnet inner stator 9, the permanent magnet inner stator 9 is arranged in the inner cavity of the coil outer rotor 18, the coil outer rotor 18 is arranged in the inner cavity of the permanent magnet outer stator 10, and the permanent magnet outer stator 10 is arranged on the base 16; it also comprises a rotor shaft 8B, a rotor shaft support 2, a rotor shaft magnetic suspension inner sleeve 6A, a rotor shaft magnetic suspension outer sleeve 6B, a support magnetic suspension inner sleeve 11B, and a support magnetic suspension outer sleeve 11A. The two ends of the rotor shaft 8B are arranged in the support bearings 12 of the two rotor shaft supports 2. The rotor shaft 8B is tightly sleeved in the inner cavity of the coil inner rotor 8A. The rotor shaft magnetic suspension inner sleeve 6A is sleeved in the outer diameter openings at both ends of the coil inner rotor 8A. The rotor shaft magnetic suspension outer sleeve 6B is tightly sleeved in the inner diameter openings at both ends of the permanent magnet inner stator 9. The two ends of the coil inner rotor 8A and the permanent magnet inner stator 9 are tightly sleeved with the coil inner rotor bearings 5. The two ends of the rotor shaft 8B are tightly sleeved with the support magnetic suspension inner sleeve 11B. The support magnetic suspension outer sleeve 11A is tightly mounted on the rotor shaft support 2 and sleeved on the support magnetic suspension inner sleeve 11B.

[0023] The two ends of the inner coil rotor 8A are provided with rotor shaft keyways 7 and inner coil rotor bearing slots 21, and the rotor shaft bearing retaining springs 20 are clamped in the rotor shaft bearing slots 21. Flanges 4 are mounted on both sides of the rotor shaft 8B, and the flanges 4 are fastened to the outer coil rotor 18.

[0024] The permanent magnet inner stator 9 is a steel barrel with axial concentric circles, and the outer diameter is composed of a barrel made of permanent magnet material. After magnetization, the outer diameter forms a single S pole or N pole. The permanent magnet outer stator 10 is composed of an axial concentric barrel made of permanent magnet material, which is tightly fitted in the inner cavity of the base 16. After magnetization, the inner diameter forms a single N pole or S pole.

[0025] When the permanent magnetic inner stator 9 is a permanent magnetic material stator, the permanent magnetic outer stator 10 is a stator made of a high magnetic permeability material, or in order to increase the power, the material can also be slotted and wound with coils to make it a single excitation magnetic field. In order to save manufacturing costs, at this time, the inner stator can also be made of a high magnetic permeability material.

[0026] The coil inner rotor 8A and the coil outer rotor 18 are configured as single-turn multi-group windings, which are suitable for low voltage and high current, or configured as multi-turn multi-group windings, which are suitable for high voltage and low current.

[0027] When the coil inner rotor 8A and the coil outer rotor 18 rotate, since the permanent magnet outer stator 10 is fastened to the base and does not move, the permanent magnet inner stator 9 is held stationary by the magnetic pull of the permanent magnet outer stator 10. At this time, only the coil inner rotor 8A and the coil inner rotor bearings 5 ​​at both ends rotate.

[0028] Attached Figure 5 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the coils of the inner rotor 8A and the outer rotor 18, wherein one enameled copper wire of the inner rotor 8A and one enameled copper wire of the outer rotor 18 are connected in series, one inside and one outside, to form a group of inner and outer winding coils, which are wound into N groups in sequence. After the enameled copper wire of the inner rotor 8A is energized, the current enters from the left end of the inner rotor 8A, exits from the right end and enters the right end of the outer rotor 18, and then exits from the left end of the outer rotor 18 and returns to the left end of the inner rotor 8A. The current sequentially surrounds the winding coil series circuit composed of the inner and outer rotors, so the current in the coil wires is in the same direction. Since the inner diameter of the permanent magnet outer stator 10 is magnetized as a single magnetic field S pole or N pole, and the permanent magnet inner stator 9 is magnetized as a single magnetic field N pole or S pole, the inner and outer rotors of the coil do not need to be commutated when they rotate.

[0029] In order to reduce the volume and manufacturing cost of the present invention, the coil inner rotor 8A is not set in the magnetic field of the inner magnetic barrel of the inner diameter of the permanent magnet inner stator 9 and the outer magnetic barrel of the outer diameter of the rotor shaft 8B, because this will increase the radial size and volume of the present invention. Instead, it is composed of insulating axial concentric wedge-shaped copper bars pasted on the insulated rotor shaft 8B, and two semicircular steel barrels with insulation treatment are tightly fitted on the outer diameter of the copper bars. Because the inner diameter of the permanent magnet inner stator is made of steel barrels, no mutual magnetic pulling force is generated. It only serves to connect the wires of the coil outer rotor 18 into a series loop circuit.

[0030] The base 16 is composed of an axially concentric steel barrel inner cavity fastened with an axially concentric cylindrical permanent magnet outer stator 10 made of permanent magnet material, and after magnetization, the inner cavity forms a single S pole or N pole. The permanent magnet inner stator 9 is composed of an axially concentric cylindrical steel barrel outer diameter fastened with a cylindrical permanent magnet material, and after magnetization, the outer diameter forms a single N pole or S pole.

[0031] The inner coil rotor 8A is composed of an insulating rotor shaft 8B with an insulating axial concentric wedge-shaped copper bar pasted on its outer diameter, and two semicircular steel barrels with an insulating axial concentric circle installed on its outer diameter. The outer coil rotor 18 is composed of N enameled copper wires made of mutually insulated long straight wires and an axial concentric squirrel cage rotor made of a non-magnetic, non-conductive, high-temperature resistant polymer composite material or other material, such as Figure 5 As shown in the schematic diagram of the inner and outer rotor coil windings, the enameled copper wire in each conductor of the inner and outer rotor coils is wound into a series loop circuit in a group of coils, one inner and one outer.

[0032] The assembly process of the present invention is as follows: the rotor shaft magnetic suspension inner sleeve 6A is installed in the outer diameter openings at both ends of the coil inner rotor 8A, and the rotor is set in the inner cavity of the permanent magnet inner stator 9, the rotor shaft magnetic suspension outer sleeve 6B is tightly installed in the inner diameter openings at both ends of the permanent magnet inner stator 9, and then the coil inner rotor bearing 5 is tightly installed in the outer diameter openings at both ends of the coil inner rotor 8A and the inner diameter openings at both ends of the permanent magnet inner stator 9, and the coil inner rotor bearing retaining spring 20 is inserted into the coil inner rotor bearing retaining groove 21, the permanent magnet inner stator 9 is set in the inner cavity of the coil outer rotor 18, and the coil outer rotor 18 is set in the inner cavity of the permanent magnet outer stator 10. The rotor shaft 8B is a hollow shaft. Copper fastening bolts pass through the bolt holes at both ends of the coil conductive plate 15 to the coil inner rotor conductive plate fastening bolt holes 22A of the coil inner rotor 8A and the coil outer rotor conductive plate fastening bolt holes 22B of the coil outer rotor 18 to connect and fasten them. The positive and negative wires of the coil are introduced into the hollow shaft of the rotor shaft 8B from the wire lead-in hollow shaft hole 23A, and then led out to the wire lead-out hollow shaft hole 23B.

[0033] Flanges 4 are installed at both ends of the rotor shaft 8B, and the flange keys 3 are fastened in the flange keyway 14 and the rotor shaft keyway 7. The fastening bolts 27 pass through the flange bolt holes 13 and the flange fastening bolt holes 19 to fasten the two together. The support magnetic suspension inner sleeve 11B is installed at the left and right ends of the rotor shaft 8B, and the support magnetic suspension outer sleeve 11A and the support bearing 12 are fastened in the bearing seat of the rotor shaft support 2. Then the rotor shaft support 2 is sleeved on both ends of the rotor shaft 8B, and the fastening bolts 27 pass through the support bolt holes 24 to the support and the machine base fastening bolt holes 17 to fasten them together. Finally, the liquid conductive box 1 is sleeved on the left end of the rotor shaft 8B, and the fastening bolts 27 pass through the liquid conductive box bolt holes 25 to the liquid conductive box fastening bolt holes 26 to fasten it.

[0034] In the application of small power permanent magnet DC motor, when the outer rotor is a permanent magnet rotor, the permanent magnet inner rotor can also be a rotor made of high magnetic permeability material; when the permanent magnet inner rotor is made of permanent magnet material, the permanent magnet outer rotor can also be a rotor made of high magnetic permeability material.

[0035] A hollow shaft hole 23A for introducing a wire is provided on the rotor shaft 8B near the position of the rotor 8A in the coil, and a hollow shaft hole 23B for leading a wire out is provided at the end of the rotor shaft 8B. A liquid conductive box 1 is provided at the end of the rotor shaft 8B. The liquid conductive box is an existing product, made of insulating material, and has two chambers therein. Circular holes are opened in the box wall at the middle and right ends, and self-tightening sealing rings are installed in the holes. An insulating and wear-resistant sleeve barrel, such as ceramic material, is provided at the end of the rotor shaft 8B, and the power supply line hole is treated with insulation and sealing.

[0036] The variable current and variable speed non-commutation permanent magnet DC motor of the present invention can be used as a DC generator.

[0037] According to the maximum safe current carrying capacity of the enameled copper wire of the rotor coil, a sliding transformer with a resistance from zero to the maximum safe current carrying capacity of the enameled copper wire is connected in series with either the positive or negative pole of the power supply. The current can be adjusted by adjusting the resistance value of the sliding transformer. Because the outer rotor of the coil has no iron core and the current does not commutate, the motor can achieve current and speed changes.

[0038] The present invention is designed based on the fact that a current-carrying conductor will be subjected to force in a magnetic field. The technical parameters of the inner and outer stators of the coil of the present invention are listed as follows: the radial diameter of the two ends of the outer rotor (18) of the coil is 400 mm, and its circumference is 1256 mm. With a 19 mm wire, 66 wires can be arranged axially. The effective axial length of the wire in the magnetic field is 100 mm, and the wire diameter is 70 square. The wedge-shaped copper conductor wire diameter of the inner rotor (8A) of the coil is 70 square, which only serves to conduct current. In order to reduce resistance loss, its wire diameter can be increased. The wire diameter of the coil conductive plate (15) is 70 square. According to the calculation of the series circuit, the total length of the current passing through the inner and outer rotors of the coil and the conductive plate is 145.2 meters, and its resistance is 0.0363 ohms. If a current of 200 amperes passes through, the voltage is 7.26V, and the electric power is 1452W. The wire diameter of the coil conductive plate (15) is 70 square meters and the length is 100 mm. The magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet inner and outer stators is 0.6 Tesla. The magnetic field force of the coil outer rotor (18) in the magnetic field of the permanent magnet inner and outer stators (9) (10) is calculated by a series circuit: 1 meter × 200 amperes × 0.6 Tesla = 120 Newtons, 66 turns × 120 Newtons / turn = 7920 Newtons, so the torque of the rotor shaft (6) is 7920 Newtons × 0.2 meters = 1584 Newton meters.

[0039] To summarize the above, the present invention makes full use of permanent magnetic energy and consumes little power. It only has the resistance loss of the wire. When the electric power remains unchanged, when the magnetic induction intensity of the permanent magnetic inner and outer stators doubles, the torque of the rotor shaft doubles. Because it is brushless and commutation-free, the current and speed change response is fast, and it can run at ultra-high speed. In practical applications, it has strong anti-locking ability. When the wire is under rated current, the rotor speed decreases or stops, and it will not heat up and burn the motor.

Claims

1. A variable current and variable speed non-commutated permanent magnet DC motor, comprising a base (16), a coil inner rotor (8A), a permanent magnet inner stator (9), a coil outer rotor (18), and a permanent magnet outer stator (10), wherein the coil inner rotor is arranged in an inner cavity of the permanent magnet inner stator (9), the permanent magnet inner stator (9) is arranged in an inner cavity of the coil outer rotor (18), the coil outer rotor (18) is arranged in an inner cavity of the permanent magnet outer stator (10), and the permanent magnet outer stator (10) is arranged on the base (16); characterized in that: It also includes a rotor shaft (8B), a rotor shaft support (2), a rotor shaft magnetic suspension inner sleeve (6A), a rotor shaft magnetic suspension outer sleeve (6B), a support magnetic suspension inner sleeve (11B), and a support magnetic suspension outer sleeve (11A). The two ends of the rotor shaft (8B) are arranged in support bearings (12) of two rotor shaft supports (2). The rotor shaft (8B) is tightly sleeved in the inner cavity of the coil inner rotor (8A). The outer diameter openings of the two ends of the coil inner rotor (8A) are sleeved. The rotor shaft magnetic suspension inner sleeve (6A) and the rotor shaft magnetic suspension outer sleeve (6B) are fastened and sleeved in the inner diameter openings at both ends of the permanent magnetic inner stator (9); the coil inner rotor (8A) and the two ends of the permanent magnetic inner stator (9) are fastened and sleeved with the coil inner rotor bearing (5); the two ends of the rotor shaft (8B) are fastened and sleeved with the support magnetic suspension inner sleeve (11B); the support magnetic suspension outer sleeve (11A) is fastened to the rotor shaft support (2) and sleeved on the support magnetic suspension inner sleeve (11B); The two ends of the coil inner rotor (8A) are provided with rotor shaft keyways (7) and coil inner rotor bearing retaining grooves (21), and the rotor shaft bearing retaining springs (20) are retained in the rotor shaft bearing retaining grooves (21); The coil inner rotor (8A) and the coil outer rotor (18) are configured as single-turn multi-group windings, which are suitable for low voltage and high current, or are configured as multi-turn multi-group windings, which are suitable for high voltage and low current.

2. The variable speed and variable current non-commutated permanent magnet DC motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A wire lead-in hollow shaft hole (23A) is provided on the rotor shaft (8B) at a position close to the coil inner rotor (8A), and a wire lead-out hollow shaft hole (23B) is provided at the end of the rotor shaft (8B).

3. The variable speed and variable current non-commutated permanent magnet DC motor according to claim 2, characterized in that: Flanges (4) are mounted on both sides of the rotor shaft (8B), and the flanges (4) are fastened to the coil outer rotor (18).

4. The variable speed and variable current non-commutated permanent magnet DC motor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The permanent magnet inner stator (9) is a steel barrel with axial concentric circles, and the outer diameter is formed by a cylinder made of permanent magnet material. After magnetization, the outer diameter forms a single S pole or N pole. The permanent magnet outer stator (10) is a cylinder made of permanent magnet material with axial concentric circles, which is tightly fitted in the inner cavity of the machine base (16). After magnetization, the inner diameter forms a single N pole or S pole.

5. The variable speed and variable current non-commutated permanent magnet DC motor according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the permanent magnetic inner stator (9) is a stator made of a permanent magnetic material, the permanent magnetic outer stator (10) is a stator made of a high magnetic permeability material, or in order to increase power, the material can be slotted and wound with coils to form a single excitation magnetic field.

6. The variable speed and variable current non-commutated permanent magnet DC motor according to claim 1 can be used as a DC generator.

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