Long life air plasma generator

Abstract

Long-life air plasma generator, the cathode and cathode are hollow cylindrical bodies located at the middle and lower ends, and the gap is at the connection between the two electrodes. Water, air pipes, and insulation seats are at the upper end. The arc moves on the inner wall of the two cylinders, the heating surface is greatly increased, the temperature of the water-cooled cylinder wall is low, the electrode is not easy to burn out, and the ejected arc temperature is as high as 3000 degrees; it meets the needs of high-temperature treatment and long life. The water cooling system is from the upper end water inlet pipe, the cathode spiral water channel, the gap vertical water inlet pipe, the anode spiral water channel, the lower return water tank, and then discharged in the reverse direction through the annular water outlet and the water outlet pipe. The two spiral water channels and the two cooling heat exchange surfaces are very large, and the cooling effect is extremely optimized. An air ring column is set at the gap: W oblique air guide holes and W groups of gap vertical water inlet pipes are set inside, which not only separates the two electrodes for arc starting, but also has the functions of water guide, air guide, positioning, etc., meeting the overall design requirements of the cylindrical cathode and cathode. Air plasma generator not only solves the problems of expensive inert gas materials and high costs, short structural life and difficult maintenance, but can also be used in high-temperature and long-life treatment occasions, especially the treatment of industrial hazardous wastes.

Description

[0001] (I) Technical field: The present invention relates to a plasma generator using air as a medium, belonging to the ion generation and spark gap category (H01T).

[0002] (II) Background technology: Existing non-transferred arc plasma generators basically use inert gas as the working medium (carrier), and their materials are expensive and costly; their structure has a short life and is difficult to maintain. People have begun to turn to the development and research of plasma generators using air as the medium.

[0003] Comparative Document 1 Chinese Utility Model Patent (Patent No. ZL022761748) discloses a <Plasma Generator with Air as the Medium>. Although it has a simple structure, convenient maintenance and low cost, it is still a traditional non-transferred arc structure in terms of arc movement structure, that is, the cathode is fixed at the top to generate a fixed arc; in terms of the life of the plasma generator, there is no obvious improvement and the scope of application is limited.

[0004] Comparative Document 2 Chinese Utility Model Patent (Patent No. ZL2004200604268) also discloses a <Plasma Generator with Air as Medium>, which has simple structure, convenient maintenance, low cost and long life, but from the perspective of arc movement structure, it is still a traditional non-transferred arc structure, that is, the cathode is fixed at the top to generate a fixed arc; from the perspective of air medium, it is not a complete air medium but a combination of air and inert gas, and no full air gap is achieved. Therefore, the above-mentioned characteristics of simple structure, convenient maintenance, low cost and long life are also limited and local; thus, the scope of application is also limited. In particular, it cannot be used in the treatment of high-temperature industrial hazardous waste. (III) Summary of the invention:

[0006] The long-life air plasma generator provided by the present invention solves the problem of processing high-temperature industrial hazardous wastes and realizes the long life of the air medium plasma generator by optimizing the arc moving structure.

[0007] The technical solution is as follows:

[0008] A long-life air plasma generator comprises: a cathode, an anode, a gap, a water cooling system, and an air intake system; its characteristics are:

[0009] 1) The cathode 1 is arranged at the center of the middle section in the axial direction, and is a cylindrical body, in which there is a cathode hollow pipe 1.1 for the power supply arc to move; the anode 3 is arranged at the center of the lower section in the axial direction, and is also a cylindrical body, in which there is an anode hollow pipe 3.1 for the power supply arc to move; the axial connection between the cathode and the anode is a gap 2; the vertical water inlet pipe 6.1, the vertical water outlet pipe 6.8 in the water cooling system 6, and the vertical air inlet pipe 7.1 in the air intake system are all arranged in the upper section in the axial direction. 2) The water cooling system includes: the vertical water inlet pipe 6.1 for water downward, the upper annular return water trough 6.2, the cathode outer spiral water inlet 6.3, the gap gap vertical water inlet pipe 6.4, the anode outer spiral water inlet 6.5, the lower annular return water trough 6.6, the long cylindrical water outlet 6.7, the shell flange radial water outlet 9.1, and the vertical water outlet pipe 6.8 connected from bottom to top. The air intake system 7 includes a vertical air intake pipe 7.1, an end cover air intake ring groove 8.1, and a vertical air guide groove 7.2, which are connected in sequence from top to bottom. The lower end of the vertical air guide groove is connected to the jet ring groove (2.2) at the gap. Air is introduced into the jet ring groove 2.2 at the gap from top to bottom through the air intake system. 3) An air ring column 2.3 is provided in the gap 2, including: ① The outer surface of the air ring column is provided with a jet ring groove 2.2 connected to the vertical air guide groove 7.2. ② The gap center hole 2.1 is connected to the cathode hollow pipe 1.1 and the anode hollow pipe 3.1. ③ W radial oblique air guide holes 2.4 and W groups of gap vertical water inlet pipes 6.4 are provided in the air ring column; and the W radial oblique air guide holes and W groups of gap vertical water inlet pipes are evenly spaced along the circumferential direction.

[0010] The formation and structure of the cathode outer spiral water inlet channel 6.3 and the anode outer spiral water inlet channel 6.5 will be described later in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0011] The insulating seat 5 and the connected water inlet and outlet, air inlet, and installation and adjustment fixing components will be described later in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The cross section of the anode hollow pipe 3.1 is a stepped shape with an enlarged inner diameter along the outlet direction.

[0012] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0013] 1) This non-transferred arc plasma generator solves the problems of existing products such as expensive inert gas materials, high cost, short structural life and difficult maintenance.

[0014] 2) Due to the use of a cylindrical cathode and anode structure directly cooled by a spiral water channel, the cylinder wall temperature is low, and the temperature of the plasma arc discharged from the center of the cylinder is as high as about 3000 degrees, which meets the long-life requirements of high-temperature treatment of industrial hazardous waste. Since the cathode is fixed at the upper end to generate an arc, the cathode and anode are set at the center of the middle and lower sections, both of which are cylindrical, and the hollow pipes inside them have a power arc moving cylinder wall. The gap 2 is at the connection between the cathode and the cathode. The arc 10 moves on the inner wall of the two cylinders, and the heating surface is greatly increased. The arc moves on the cathode cylinder wall, the heat from the arc root is dispersed, and the electrode is not easily burned. The temperature of the anode arc moving cylinder wall is not high, while the temperature of the arc 10A ejected from the center is extremely high. Therefore, the present invention can meet the long-life requirements of high-temperature treatment of industrial hazardous waste. The hollow pipe inside the anode is designed to be stepped, which helps to stabilize the outlet arc.

[0015] 3) Optimized cooling effect: The water cooling system is input from the upper vertical water inlet pipe and the upper annular return water trough into the spiral water inlet radially close to the cathode, and then flows downward through the gap vertical water inlet pipe, the anode outer spiral water inlet, and flows into the lower annular return water trough, and then reverses upward through the annular outlet and vertical outlet pipe. The inlet water mainly cools the two cylindrical cathodes and anodes, and the return water mainly cools the lower return water isolation tube, the vertical air guide groove and the shell. The two spiral water inlets and the two cooling heat exchange surfaces are large, and the cooling effect is extremely optimized.

[0016] 4) The gap structure provided, in addition to the functions of generating arc and separating cathode and anode, also has the functions of water and air conduction, positioning, support, insulation, etc.; and the water and air conduction are independent structures and do not affect each other. Figure 1 , Figure 3 There are W radial downward inclined air guide pipes 2.4 in the gap air ring column 2.3, which allow air to be uniformly pressed in from the vertical air guide groove 7.2 and the gap jet ring groove 2.2, and then discharged into the center hole 2.1 to spray air toward the arc at the gap. The air ring column 2.3 has W groups of gap vertical water inlet pipes 6.4; the water falling from the cathode outer spiral water groove 6.3 falls evenly inside it, and is discharged into the lower annular water return groove 6.6 through the gap vertical water inlet pipe 6.4 outlet and the anode outer spiral water groove 6.5. Figure 1 The gas ring column 2.3 is arranged at the two ends of the axial cylindrical anode and cathode to position and support the two ends. Therefore, in addition to the functions of arcing and separating the cathode and anode, the gap structure also has the functions of water and air conduction, positioning, support, insulation, etc.; and it is small in size and occupies little space, meeting the overall design requirements of the cylindrical anode and cathode structure.

[0017] 5) The insulating seat 5, the water outlet flange 9, the air inlet cover 8, the adjusting nut 11 and the fixing nut 12 are arranged at the center of the upper part, so as to realize the functions of cold water pressure in, return water discharge, air pressure in, installation adjustment and fixing. (IV) Description of the drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 Front view of the long-life air plasma generator.

[0020] Figure 2 for Figure 1 AA cross-sectional view of the PCB. (including cathode)

[0021] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The BB cross-sectional view is a gap structure including the jet ring groove 2.2, the gas ring column 2.3, the center hole 2.1, the gap vertical water inlet pipe 6.4, etc.

[0022] Figure 4 for Figure 1 CC cross-section view of the . (including anode).

[0023] Figure 5 for Figure 1 DD cross-sectional view of the PCB. (Including insulation seat).

[0024] The names of the reference numerals in the above figures are as follows:

[0025] 1-Cathode: 1.1-Cathode hollow pipe. 2-Gap: 2.1-Center hole, 2.2-Injection ring groove, 2.3-Air ring cylinder, 2.4-Radial oblique air guide hole. 3-Anode, 3.1-Anode hollow pipe. 4-Casing. 5-Insulation seat.

[0026] 6-Water cooling system: 6.1-vertical water inlet pipe, 6.2-upper annular water return groove, 6.3-cathode outer spiral water inlet (6.31, 6.32, 6.33, 6.34 are four spiral water channels wound in parallel), 6.4-interval vertical water inlet pipe, 6.5-anode outer spiral water inlet (6.51, 6.52, 6.53, 6.54 are four spiral water channels wound in parallel), 6.5A-lower water return water barrier, 6.6-lower annular water return groove, 6.7-long cylindrical water outlet, 6.8-vertical water outlet pipe. 7-Air system: 7.1-vertical air inlet pipe, 7.2-vertical air guide groove, 7.3-air-water barrier. 8-air inlet end cover; 8.1-end cover air inlet ring groove. 9-water outlet flange; 9.1-flange water outlet channel. 10-arc in the cylinder;

[0027] 10A-Outlet arc. 11-Adjusting nut. 12-Fix nut. (V) Specific implementation methods:

[0029] The long-life air plasma generator of this embodiment is formed as follows:

[0030] 1) Cylindrical electrode and axial arrangement:

[0031] See Figure 1The cathode 1 is located at the center of the axial middle section and is a cylindrical body, in which there is a cathode hollow pipe 1.1 where the power arc 10 moves. The anode 3 is located at the center of the lower end and is also a cylindrical body, in which there is an anode hollow pipe 3.1 where the power arc moves. The cross section of the center hole of the anode hollow pipe 3.1 is a two-stage enlarged step shape toward the outlet direction. The gap 2 is located at the axial connection between the cathode and the anode. Figure 1 In the water cooling system 6, the vertical water inlet pipe 6.1 and the vertical water outlet pipe 6.8 are arranged at the upper end; in the air system 7, the vertical air inlet pipe 7.1 is arranged at the upper end.

[0032] 2) Water cooling system 6, air intake system 7:

[0033] See Figure 1 The water cooling system includes a vertical water inlet pipe 6.1, an upper annular return water groove 6.2, a cathode outer spiral water inlet 6.3, a gap vertical water inlet pipe 6.4, an anode outer spiral water inlet 6.5, and a lower annular return water groove 6.6, which are connected in sequence from top to bottom; a long cylindrical water outlet 6.7, a radial water outlet 9.1 of the water outlet flange, and a vertical water outlet pipe 6.8. The cold water mainly cools the cylindrical cathode, the gap, the anode, etc. from top to bottom through the water cooling system, and the reverse water from the lower annular return water groove 6.6 mainly cools the lower return water baffle 6.5A, the vertical air guide groove 7.2, the air-water baffle 7.3 and the shell 4, etc. from bottom to top.

[0034] See Figure 1 ,See Figure 2 The cathode outer spiral water inlet 6.3 is formed by opening an axial thread on the outer surface of the cathode 1. Figure 2 The cathode outer spiral water inlet has N tooth grooves evenly distributed in the circumferential direction on the same horizontal circular surface. In this embodiment, N is taken as 4, corresponding to the four spiral water channels 6.31, 6.32, 6.33, and 6.34 wound in parallel in the axial direction, and the upper port has 4 upper water inlets evenly distributed in the circumferential direction; the lower ports of the 4 spiral water channels have 4 lower water outlets evenly distributed in the circumferential direction.

[0035] See Figure 1 , Figure 4 The anode outer spiral water inlet 6.5 is formed by opening an axial thread on the outer surface of the anode 3. Figure 4 The anode spiral water inlet has 4 tooth grooves evenly distributed in the circumferential direction on the same horizontal circular surface, corresponding to the four spiral water channels 6.51, 6.52, 6.53, and 6.54 wound in parallel in the axial direction, and the upper port has 4 upper water inlets evenly distributed in the circumferential direction; the lower ports of the 4 spiral water channels have 4 lower water outlets evenly distributed in the circumferential direction.

[0036] See Figure 1A lower annular return water groove 6.6 is opened in the radial direction of the anode 3, and a lower return water baffle 6.5A is provided. After the water discharged from the four anode external spiral water channels falls into the lower annular return water groove 6.6, it is discharged from the bottom to the top through the long cylindrical outlet channel 6.7, the radial outlet channel 9.1 of the shell flange, and the vertical outlet pipe 6.8 to the external pump circulating water pipeline.

[0037] See Figure 1 The air intake system 7 includes a vertical air intake pipe 7.1, an air intake ring groove 8.1 of the end cover 8, and a vertical air guide groove 7.2 which are connected in sequence from top to bottom. The air is introduced into the gap jet ring groove 2.2 from top to bottom through the air intake system and the air is sprayed into the gap. The gap structure ensures that the gap is completely plasmatized after air is fully introduced. The arc 10 moves downward along the wall of the cylinder, the wall temperature is not high, and the temperature of the center and the outlet arc 10A is very high.

[0038] See Figure 1 ,See Figure 2 The cylindrical vertical air guide groove 7.2 is set outside the spiral arc surface 6.3A of the outer surface of the cathode spiral water inlet channel 6.3, and the set air-water separator 7.3, the long cylindrical water outlet channel 6.7, and the shell 4 are sequentially arranged radially outside the vertical air guide groove 7.2 to form a compact structure of radially staggered arrangement of the water-cooled air intake system.

[0039] 3) Gap structure:

[0040] See Figure 1 , Figure 3 , a gas ring column 2.3 is provided in the gap 2, comprising: ① an air injection ring groove 2.2 is opened on the outer surface of the gas ring column and is connected to the vertical air guide groove 7.2. ② a center hole 2.1 is axially connected to the cathode hollow pipe 1.1 and the anode hollow pipe 3.1. ③ see Figure 3 The air ring cylinder 2.3 is an annular cylinder, and is provided with W radial oblique air guide holes 2.4. In this embodiment, W is set to 5, and there are five radial oblique air guide holes 2.4, which guide air from the jet ring groove 2.2 into the central hole 2.1. The five radial oblique air guide holes 2.4 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction. Figure 3 ,W groups of gap vertical water inlet pipes 6.4 are arranged in the air ring column; in this embodiment, W is taken as five groups, and the five groups of gap vertical water inlet pipes are evenly distributed along the circumference, and are evenly spaced with the five radial oblique air guide holes 2.4. Each group has four gap vertical water inlet pipes 6.4, and a total of 20. Figure 1 The incoming water from the cathode outer spiral water trough 6.3 falls into 20 pipes and is discharged into the anode spiral water channel 6.5 through the outlet ring grooves of 20 interspaced vertical water inlet pipes 6.4, and finally discharged into the lower ring return water trough 6.6.

[0041] 4) Insulation seat and water inlet and outlet, air inlet and installation adjustment components: see Figure 1 , Figure 5 .

[0042] See Figure 1 , an insulating seat 5 is arranged at the center of the upper part, a water outlet flange 9 is arranged outside the insulating seat, an air inlet cover 8 and an adjusting nut 11 and a fixing nut 12 for adjusting and fixing during installation are arranged at the upper end of the insulating seat. A vertical water inlet pipe 6.1 is arranged at the center hole of the insulating seat. A vertical water outlet pipe 6.8 is opened on the water outlet flange 9. A vertical air inlet pipe 7.1 is arranged on the air inlet cover 8. Thus, functions such as cold water pressure in, return water extraction, air introduction, installation adjustment and fixing are realized. Figure 5 , a vertical air guide groove 7.2 is set on the outer periphery of the insulating seat; and the air-water separation cylinder 7.3, the long cylindrical water outlet channel 6.7 and the outer shell 4 are arranged radially outward in sequence. Thus, a compact structure of radial water-air separation arrangement is displayed.

Claims

1. A long-life air plasma generator, comprising: a cathode, an anode, a gap, a water cooling system, and an air intake system, characterized in that: 1) The cathode (1) is arranged at the center of the axial middle section and is a cylindrical body, in which a cathode hollow pipe (1.1) is provided for the power arc to move; the anode (3) is arranged at the center of the axial lower section and is also a cylindrical body, in which a anode hollow pipe (3.1) is provided for the power arc to move; the axial connection between the cathode and the anode is a gap (2); the vertical water inlet pipe (6.1) and the vertical water outlet pipe (6.8) in the water cooling system (6) and the vertical air intake pipe (7.1) in the air intake system are all arranged at the axial upper section; 2) The water cooling system (6) comprises: a vertical water inlet pipe (6.1) for downward water flow, an upper annular water return groove (6.2), a cathode outer spiral water inlet (6.3), a gap vertical water inlet pipe (6.4), an anode outer spiral water inlet (6.5), and a lower annular water return groove (6.6) connected in sequence from top to bottom; and a long cylindrical water outlet (6.7) for upward water flow, a housing flange radial water outlet (9.1), and a vertical water outlet pipe (6.8) connected in sequence from bottom to top; The air intake system (7) comprises a vertical intake pipe (7.1), an end cover intake ring groove (8.1), and a vertical air guide groove (7.2) which are connected in sequence from top to bottom; the lower end of the vertical air guide groove is connected to the air injection ring groove (2.2) at the gap; 3) An air ring column (2.3) is provided in the gap (2), comprising: ① an air jet ring groove (2.2) connected to the vertical air guide groove (7.2) is opened on the outer surface of the air ring column; ② the gap center hole (2.1) is connected to the cathode hollow pipe (1.1) and the anode hollow pipe (3.1); ③ W radial oblique air guide holes (2.4) and W groups of gap vertical water inlet pipes (6.4) are provided in the air ring column; the W radial oblique air guide holes and the W groups of gap vertical water inlet pipes are evenly spaced along the circumferential direction.

2. The long-life air plasma generator according to claim 1, characterized in that : The cathode outer spiral water inlet (6.3) is formed by opening an axial thread on the cathode outer surface; the spiral water inlet has N tooth grooves evenly distributed in the circumferential direction on the same horizontal circular surface, corresponding to N spiral water channels (6.31, 6.32 ... 6.3N) wound in parallel in the axial direction, and the upper port has N upper water inlets evenly distributed in the circumferential direction; the lower port has N lower water outlets evenly distributed in the circumferential direction; the anode outer spiral water inlet (6.5) has the same formation and structure as the cathode outer spiral water inlet (6.3).

3. The long-life air plasma generator according to claim 1, characterized in that : An insulating seat (5) is arranged at the center of the upper part, a water outlet flange (9) is arranged outside the insulating seat, and an air inlet end cover (8) and an adjusting nut (11) and a fixing nut (12) for adjusting and fixing during installation are arranged at the upper end of the insulating seat; the vertical water inlet pipe (6.1) is arranged at the center hole of the insulating seat; the vertical water outlet pipe (6.8) is opened on the water outlet flange (9); the vertical air inlet pipe (7.1) is arranged on the air inlet end cover (8); a vertical air guide groove (7.2) is sleeved on the outer periphery of the insulating seat, and an air-water separator (7.3), a long cylindrical water outlet channel (6.7) and an outer shell (4) are arranged in sequence radially outward along the vertical air guide groove (7.2).

4. The long-life air plasma generator according to claim 1, characterized in that : The cross section of the anode hollow pipe (3.1) is a stepped shape with the inner diameter enlarged along the outlet direction.

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