A melon and vegetable base fertilizer deep application machine

Abstract

The invention discloses a melon and vegetable base fertilizer deep application machine, comprising a frame, a fertilizer box, a transmission box, a furrowing mechanism, and a fertilizer guide. The inside of the fertilizer box is divided into a fertilizer chamber and an organic fertilizer chamber by a partition. An outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger is provided at the bottom of the fertilizer leakage port of the fertilizer chamber, and an auger fertilizer discharger is provided at the bottom of the fertilizer leakage port of the organic fertilizer chamber. A stirring auger shaft is provided in the organic fertilizer chamber in the transverse direction, and the fertilizer discharge channel outlet of the outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger and the fertilizer discharge port of the auger fertilizer discharger are connected with the feed port of the fertilizer guide; the transmission box comprises a power input shaft and a power output shaft, the power input shaft is connected to an external power mechanism, the power input shaft is connected to the power output shaft through a transmission assembly, and the power output shaft is connected to the drive shaft of the outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger, the stirring auger shaft in the organic fertilizer chamber, the stirring shaft of the auger fertilizer discharger, and the furrowing mechanism. The invention realizes the online solid-solid mixing and mechanized deep application of two kinds of fertilizers, granular fertilizer and block (or powdered) organic fertilizer, during fertilization operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular to a vegetable base fertilizer deep application machine. Background Art

[0002] In order to meet the nutrient needs of vegetables, watermelons, melons and other vegetables and improve the yield and quality of vegetables, base fertilizer needs to be applied before sowing or transplanting.

[0003] Harmless treatment of livestock manure, straw, etc. to make organic fertilizer can not only reduce pollution, but also increase the organic matter content of the soil and improve the quality of arable land. However, due to the insufficient content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements in organic fertilizers, the use of organic fertilizers cannot completely replace chemical fertilizers. The results of the study show that based on the nutrient requirements of crops and soil conditions, mixing organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers in a scientific ratio and deep application can not only fully meet the nutrient requirements of crop growth, improve the yield and quality of melons and vegetables, but also promote root absorption and reduce surface loss, thereby improving fertilizer utilization. Take melons as an example: applying 30-50kg of chemical fertilizers (compound fertilizers) + 1000kg of organic fertilizers (sheep manure) per mu can achieve the best quality improvement and yield increase effects.

[0004] Since organic fertilizer has physical properties such as easy agglomeration and poor fluidity, the use of conventional fertilizer deep-applying machines for fertilization is not only very easy to cause machine blockage, but also the amount of fertilizer applied is far from meeting the application requirements of organic fertilizer. In particular, chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers are both solid, and the ratio of chemical fertilizers to organic fertilizers is sometimes as high as 1:20 (or even higher). If pre-mixing is performed before application, it is extremely difficult to mix a very small amount of chemical fertilizers with a large amount of organic fertilizers, which may cause uneven application of chemical fertilizers. Therefore, pre-mixing before application is not feasible.

[0005] At present, the main fertilization methods are as follows: 1. When fertilizing, chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers are first spread on the soil surface by hand or fertilizer spreaders, and then plowed into the soil by tillage machines such as moldboard plows and rotary tillers. With this method of fertilization, not only is the fertilizer not deeply embedded in the soil, but most of the fertilizers are not distributed around the root system of crops, resulting in low fertilizer utilization; 2. First, a ditching machine is used to open a fertilizer ditch on one side of the vegetable planting belt, and then chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers are manually spread into the fertilizer ditch, and then the ditch soil is manually backfilled. This is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also the quality of fertilization such as uniformity is difficult to guarantee. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a base fertilizer deep application machine that can mix chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers online for deep application. Summary of the invention

[0006] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a vegetable base fertilizer deep application machine in response to the deficiencies in the prior art, which realizes the online solid-solid mixing and mechanized deep application of granular fertilizer and block (or powdered) organic fertilizer during fertilization operations, and can accurately control the ratio of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer according to the agronomic requirements and nutrient needs of different vegetable varieties.

[0007] Technical solution: The vegetable base fertilizer deep application machine of the present invention comprises a frame, a fertilizer box arranged on the top of the frame, a transmission box arranged in the frame, a ditching mechanism connected to the bottom of the transmission box, and a fertilizer guide arranged at the rear side of the ditching mechanism, the front end of the frame is provided with a three-point suspension device, and the two sides of the rear end of the frame are connected with ground wheels; the inside of the fertilizer box is divided into a fertilizer chamber and an organic fertilizer chamber by a partition, and the bottom ends of the fertilizer chamber and the organic fertilizer chamber are both provided with fertilizer leakage openings, the bottom of the fertilizer leakage opening of the fertilizer chamber is provided with an outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger, the bottom of the fertilizer leakage opening of the organic fertilizer chamber is provided with an auger fertilizer discharger, a stirring auger shaft is provided in the organic fertilizer chamber along the horizontal direction, a crushing movable knife and an auger are provided on the stirring auger shaft, and the crushing movable knife is installed corresponding to the position of the fertilizer leakage opening of the organic fertilizer chamber;

[0008] The outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger comprises a groove wheel column, an adjuster, a driving shaft, and a fertilizer discharge channel. The groove wheel column comprises a column and notches uniformly arranged along the radial direction of the column. The adjuster comprises a supporting circular plate and baffles uniformly arranged along the outer circumference of the supporting circular plate. The baffles match the notch structure and are connected to the notch in a sliding manner. The driving shaft of the outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger is arranged axially along the column body of the groove wheel column. A pull rod is arranged at the center of the supporting circular plate of the adjuster. The pull rod passes through the driving shaft and extends to the outside of the frame. The fertilizer discharge channel is arranged at the bottom of the groove wheel column in a sloped structure.

[0009] The fertilizer discharge outlet of the outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger and the fertilizer discharge port of the auger fertilizer discharger are connected with the feed inlet of the fertilizer guide, and the fertilizer guide is arranged at the rear side of the trenching mechanism;

[0010] The transmission box includes a power input shaft and a power output shaft. The power input shaft is connected to an external power mechanism. The power input shaft is connected to the power output shaft through a transmission assembly. The power output shaft is connected to the drive shaft of the outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger, the stirring auger shaft in the organic fertilizer chamber, the stirring shaft of the auger fertilizer discharger and the ditching mechanism.

[0011] To further improve the above technical solution, crushing fixed knives are arranged at intervals at the fertilizer leakage port of the organic fertilizer chamber, and the interval between the crushing fixed knives is 40 to 70 mm.

[0012] Furthermore, the bottom ends of the fertilizer cavity fertilizer outlet and the organic fertilizer cavity fertilizer outlet are both provided with baffles, which are connected to the hand wheel outside the frame for adjusting the opening of the baffles. By setting the baffles and adjusting the opening of the baffles, the size of the fertilizer outlet is changed, and the amount of fertilizer leakage is controlled.

[0013] Furthermore, the trenching mechanism includes two fertilizer knives arranged in a V-shape, and the fertilizer guide is arranged on the rear side between the two fertilizer knives.

[0014] Furthermore, the fertilizing knife comprises a fertilizing knife seat and a plurality of fertilizing knife rods. The fertilizing knife seat is in a disc shape, and the fertilizing knife rods are installed at intervals on both sides of the fertilizing knife seat and are evenly distributed around the circumference.

[0015] Furthermore, the power input shaft is connected to the power output shaft through a pair of bevel gears, one end of the power output shaft is connected to the driving shaft of the outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger through a pair of sprockets, and the other end is connected to the stirring auger shaft in the organic fertilizer chamber and the stirring shaft of the auger fertilizer discharger through two pairs of sprockets, a driving gear is sleeved in the middle of the power output shaft, and the driving gear is connected to the output shaft through a plurality of transition gears meshing in sequence, and both ends of the output shaft are connected to the fertilizer knife seat through bearings. Through the power transmission setting, the transmission of the driving shaft of the outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger, the stirring auger shaft in the organic fertilizer chamber, the stirring shaft of the auger fertilizer discharger and the furrowing mechanism is realized on the basis of using only one power output shaft.

[0016] Furthermore, the volume ratio of the chemical fertilizer chamber to the organic fertilizer chamber is (1-2):20.

[0017] Furthermore, a scale is provided on the pull rod of the regulator. By setting the scale, the docking depth of the regulator bar to the notch on the groove wheel column can be accurately adjusted to control the capacity of the notch to accommodate fertilizer each time.

[0018] The method for fertilizing by using a vegetable base fertilizer deep application machine comprises the following steps:

[0019] (1) Connect the three-point suspension device of the frame to the tractor, connect the power input shaft of the transmission box to the power output shaft of the tractor, and the power input shaft outputs power to the driving shaft of the outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger, the stirring auger shaft in the organic fertilizer chamber, the stirring shaft of the auger fertilizer discharger and the furrowing mechanism through the power output shaft of the transmission box;

[0020] (2) The trenching mechanism trenches and advances along the working area. The organic fertilizer in the organic fertilizer chamber is stirred by the stirring auger shaft and then transported to the auger fertilizer discharger through the fertilizer leakage port. The chemical fertilizer in the chemical fertilizer chamber is transported to the outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger through the fertilizer leakage port.

[0021] (3) The auger fertilizer distributor and the outer groove wheel fertilizer distributor respectively transport organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer to the top entrance of the fertilizer guide, and the fertilizer guide discharges the fertilizer from the bottom into the trenching area of ​​the trenching mechanism. During the forward movement, the trenching mechanism throws the trenching soil backward to cover the organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer.

[0022] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0023] (1) The present invention sets a fertilizer chamber and an organic fertilizer chamber according to the different material properties of granular fertilizer and block (or powdered) organic fertilizer. The fertilizer and organic fertilizer enter the fertilizer guide device through their own fertilizer dischargers, thereby realizing online solid-solid mixing of the two fertilizers. In addition, the ratio of the fertilizer to the organic fertilizer can be accurately controlled according to the agronomic requirements and nutrient requirements of different vegetable varieties.

[0024] (2) An auger stirring shaft is provided in the organic fertilizer chamber to stir the organic fertilizer, and a crushing moving knife is provided to crush the hard lumps or large pieces of fertilizer in the organic fertilizer. A crushing fixed knife is provided at the fertilizer outlet of the organic fertilizer chamber to prevent the uncrushed organic fertilizer from leaking out, and to prevent the compacted fertilizer from clogging the fertilizer outlet;

[0025] (3) In order to solve the problem that the particle size of granular fertilizer is small and it is difficult to control the amount of fertilizer discharged, an adjustable outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger is provided at the bottom of the fertilizer discharge port of the fertilizer chamber. The outer groove wheel is provided with a notch and a gear bar is configured to adjust the notch capacity. A fertilizer discharge channel is provided to facilitate fertilizer discharge. An auger fertilizer discharger is provided at the bottom of the fertilizer discharge port of the organic fertilizer chamber, which has a simple structure and high efficiency.

[0026] (4) By precisely controlling the amount of fertilizer applied, ensure that the fertilizer is not overused. At the same time, the precise amount of fertilizer control can achieve a coefficient of variation of fertilizer stability of ≤15%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 A perspective view of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a front view of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 A top view of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 is a side view of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the fertilizer dispensing device in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger.

[0034] In the figure: 1, frame, 2, transmission box, 3, fertilizer box, 4, outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger, 5, auger fertilizer discharger, 6, ground wheel, 7, fertilizer knife, 8, stirring auger shaft, 9, fertilizer guide, 31, organic fertilizer chamber, 32, chemical fertilizer chamber, 41, groove wheel column, 42, regulator, 43, drive shaft, 44, pull rod, 45, fertilizer discharge channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.

[0036] Example 1: Figures 1 to 7 The vegetable basal fertilizer deep application machine shown comprises a frame 1, a fertilizer box 3 arranged on the top of the frame 1, a transmission box 2 arranged in the frame 1, a furrowing mechanism connected to the bottom of the transmission box 2, and a fertilizer guide 9 arranged at the rear side of the furrowing mechanism. The front end of the frame 1 is provided with a three-point suspension device, and the two sides of the rear end of the frame 1 are connected with ground wheels 6; the furrowing mechanism comprises two fertilizer knives 7 arranged in a V shape, and the fertilizer guide 9 is arranged at the rear side between the two fertilizer knives 7. The fertilizer knife 7 comprises a fertilizer knife seat and a plurality of fertilizer knife rods. The fertilizer knife seat is in a disc shape, and the fertilizer knife rods are installed at intervals on both sides of the fertilizer knife seat and are evenly distributed in a circle. The upper end of the fertilizer guide 9 is an inverted trapezoidal opening, and the lower end is a trapezoidal opening. The inverted trapezoidal opening is connected to the trapezoidal opening through a slideway.

[0037] The inside of the fertilizing box 3 is divided into a fertilizer chamber 32 and an organic fertilizer chamber 31 by a partition, and the volume ratio of the fertilizer chamber 32 to the organic fertilizer chamber 31 is 1:10. The bottom ends of the fertilizer chamber 32 and the organic fertilizer chamber 31 are both provided with fertilizer outlets, and the bottom ends of the fertilizer outlets of the fertilizer chamber 32 and the organic fertilizer chamber 31 are both provided with baffles, which are connected to the handwheel outside the frame 1 for adjusting the opening of the baffle. Crushing fixed knives are arranged at intervals at the fertilizer outlet of the organic fertilizer chamber 31, and the interval of the crushing fixed knives is 60mm. A stirring auger shaft 8 is arranged in the horizontal direction in the organic fertilizer chamber 31, and a crushing movable knife and an auger are installed on the stirring auger shaft 8, and the crushing movable knife is arranged corresponding to the position of the fertilizer outlet of the organic fertilizer chamber 31.

[0038] An outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger 4 is provided at the bottom of the fertilizer leakage port of the fertilizer chamber 32, and an auger fertilizer discharger 5 is provided at the bottom of the fertilizer leakage port of the organic fertilizer chamber 31. The outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger 4 includes a groove wheel column 41, an adjuster 42, a drive shaft 43, and a fertilizer discharge channel 45. The groove wheel column 41 includes a column and grooves uniformly arranged along the radial direction of the column. The adjuster 42 includes a supporting circular plate and baffles uniformly arranged along the outer circumference of the supporting circular plate. The baffles match the groove structure and are connected to the groove in a sliding manner. The driving shaft 43 of the outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger 4 is arranged along the axial direction of the column of the groove wheel column 41, and a pull rod 44 is provided at the center of the supporting circular plate of the adjuster 42. The pull rod 44 passes through the drive shaft 43 and extends to the outside of the frame 1. The pull rod 44 is provided with a scale, and the fertilizer discharge channel 45 is arranged at the bottom of the groove wheel column 41 in a sloped structure.

[0039] The outlet of the fertilizer discharge channel 45 of the outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger 4 and the fertilizer discharge port of the auger fertilizer discharger 5 are communicated with the inverted trapezoidal opening of the fertilizer guide 9 .

[0040] The transmission box 2 includes a power input shaft and a power output shaft. The power input shaft is connected to an external power mechanism. The power input shaft is connected to the power output shaft through a pair of bevel gears. One end of the power output shaft is connected to the drive shaft 43 of the outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger 4 through a pair of sprockets, and the other end is connected to the stirring auger shaft 8 and the stirring shaft of the auger fertilizer discharger 5 in the organic fertilizer chamber 31 through two pairs of sprockets. A driving gear is sleeved in the middle of the power output shaft. The driving gear is connected to the output shaft through a number of transition gears meshed in sequence, and the two ends of the output shaft are connected to the fertilizer knife seat through bearings. The fertilizer knife 7 is fixed by the fertilizer knife seat, and the ditching depth of the fertilizer knife 7 is controlled by setting the diameter of the fertilizer knife seat to ensure that the ditching depth is greater than 40cm, ensuring the fertilization depth after ditching, and ensuring the fertilization effect.

[0041] The frame 1 is connected to the tractor through a three-point suspension mechanism, and the power input shaft is connected to the power output shaft of the tractor through a universal coupling. Fertilizer is placed in the fertilizer chamber 32, and organic fertilizer is placed in the organic fertilizer chamber 31; the power output shaft drives the outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger 4, the stirring auger shaft 8, the auger fertilizer discharger 5, and the fertilizer knife 7 through a sprocket.

[0042] The tractor drives the vegetable base fertilizer deep applicator to move forward along the working area, and the fertilizer knife 7 digs the trench. The block (or powder) organic fertilizer in the organic fertilizer chamber 31 is stirred and transported by the stirring auger shaft 8 and discharged from the fertilizer outlet. Some hard organic fertilizer is cut by the crushing moving knife, and the large organic fertilizer is divided by the crushing fixed knife when passing through the fertilizer outlet. The granular fertilizer in the fertilizer chamber 32 is discharged into the notch of the groove wheel column 41 through the fertilizer outlet. The pull rod 44 drives the baffle to slide along the notch to control the size of the notch opening to achieve precise adjustment of the volume of the notch. The fertilizer in the groove wheel column 41 is discharged to the fertilizer guide 9 through the fertilizer discharge channel. The organic fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer enter the inverted trapezoidal opening of the fertilizer guide 9 at the same time, and enter the trenching area of ​​the fertilizer knife 7 from the trapezoidal opening at the bottom after achieving online solid-solid mixing. The fertilizer knife 7 throws the trenching soil backwards during the trenching process to cover and backfill the organic fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer.

[0043] As described above, although the present invention has been shown and described with reference to specific preferred embodiments, it should not be construed as limiting the present invention itself. Various changes in form and details may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A vegetable basal fertilizer deep application machine, comprising a frame, a fertilizer box arranged on the top of the frame, a transmission box arranged in the frame, a furrowing mechanism connected to the bottom of the transmission box, and a fertilizer guide arranged at the rear side of the furrowing mechanism, wherein a three-point suspension device is arranged at the front end of the frame, and ground wheels are connected to both sides of the rear end of the frame; characterized in that: The interior of the fertilizer box is divided into a fertilizer chamber and an organic fertilizer chamber by a partition, and a fertilizer outlet is provided at the bottom of the fertilizer chamber and the organic fertilizer chamber, an outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger is provided at the bottom of the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer chamber, and an auger fertilizer discharger is provided at the bottom of the fertilizer outlet of the organic fertilizer chamber, a stirring auger shaft is provided in the horizontal direction in the organic fertilizer chamber, a crushing moving knife and an auger are provided on the stirring auger shaft, and the crushing moving knife is installed at the position corresponding to the fertilizer outlet of the organic fertilizer chamber; The outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger comprises a groove wheel column, an adjuster, a driving shaft, and a fertilizer discharge channel. The groove wheel column comprises a column and notches uniformly arranged along the radial direction of the column. The adjuster comprises a supporting circular plate and baffles uniformly arranged along the outer circumference of the supporting circular plate. The baffles match the notch structure and are connected to the notch in a sliding manner. The driving shaft of the outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger is arranged axially along the column body of the groove wheel column. A pull rod is arranged at the center of the supporting circular plate of the adjuster. The pull rod passes through the driving shaft and extends to the outside of the frame. The fertilizer discharge channel is arranged at the bottom of the groove wheel column in a sloped structure. The fertilizer discharge channel outlet of the outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger and the fertilizer discharge port of the auger fertilizer discharger are connected with the feed port of the fertilizer guide; The transmission box includes a power input shaft and a power output shaft, the power input shaft is connected to the external power mechanism, the power input shaft is connected to the power output shaft through a transmission assembly, the power output shaft is connected to the driving shaft of the outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger, the stirring auger shaft in the organic fertilizer chamber, the stirring shaft of the auger fertilizer discharger and the ditching mechanism; the power input shaft is connected to the power output shaft through a pair of bevel gears, one end of the power output shaft is connected to the driving shaft of the outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger through a pair of sprockets, and the other end is connected to the stirring auger shaft in the organic fertilizer chamber and the stirring shaft of the auger fertilizer discharger through two pairs of sprockets, a driving gear is sleeved in the middle of the power output shaft, the driving gear is connected to the output shaft through a plurality of sequentially meshed transition gears, and both ends of the output shaft are connected to the fertilizer knife seat through bearings. The ditching mechanism includes two fertilizing knives arranged in a V shape, and the fertilizer guide is arranged on the rear side between the two fertilizing knives; the fertilizing knife includes a fertilizing knife seat and a plurality of fertilizing knife rods, the fertilizing knife seat is in a disc shape, and the fertilizing knife rods are installed at intervals on both sides of the fertilizing knife seat and are evenly distributed in a circle; the fertilizing knife is fixed by the fertilizing knife seat, and the ditching depth of the fertilizing knife is controlled by setting the diameter of the fertilizing knife seat to ensure that the ditching depth is greater than 40 cm.

2. The vegetable base fertilizer deep application machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: Crushing fixed knives are arranged at intervals at the fertilizer leakage opening of the organic fertilizer cavity, and the interval between the crushing fixed knives is 40-70 mm.

3. The vegetable base fertilizer deep application machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom ends of the fertilizer leakage opening of the chemical fertilizer chamber and the fertilizer leakage opening of the organic fertilizer chamber are both provided with baffles, and the baffles are connected with a hand wheel outside the frame for adjusting the opening of the baffles.

4. The vegetable base fertilizer deep application machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The volume ratio of the chemical fertilizer chamber to the organic fertilizer chamber is (1-2):

20.

5. The vegetable base fertilizer deep application machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pull rod of the regulator is provided with a scale.

6. The method for fertilizing by using the vegetable base fertilizer deep application machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following steps: (1) connecting a three-point suspension device of a frame to a tractor, connecting a power input shaft of a transmission box to a power output shaft of the tractor, wherein the power input shaft outputs power to a driving shaft of an outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger, a stirring auger shaft in an organic fertilizer chamber, a stirring shaft of the auger fertilizer discharger and a trenching mechanism through the power output shaft of the transmission box; (2) the trenching mechanism trenches and advances along an operation area, wherein organic fertilizer in the organic fertilizer chamber is stirred by the stirring auger shaft and then transported to the auger fertilizer discharger through a fertilizer outlet, and chemical fertilizer in the chemical fertilizer chamber is transported to the outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger through a fertilizer outlet; (3) the auger fertilizer discharger and the outer groove wheel fertilizer discharger transport organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer to a top inlet of a fertilizer guide, respectively, and the fertilizer guide is discharged from the bottom into a trenching area of ​​the trenching mechanism, and the trenching mechanism throws trenching soil backwards to cover and backfill the organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer during the advancing process.

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