High-pressure water jet edge cutter and its combined rock-breaking and escape TBM cutterhead and method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a high-pressure water jet edge cutter. It comprises an edge cutter mechanical structure, an edge cutter high-pressure water jet pipeline and an edge cutter high-pressure water jet nozzle; the edge cutter high-pressure water jet pipeline is located inside the edge cutter mechanical structure; the edge cutter high-pressure water jet nozzle is embedded inside the edge cutter mechanical structure and is connected to the edge cutter high-pressure water jet pipeline. The present invention has the advantages of spraying high-pressure water to fracture rocks and can solve the problem of TBM jamming. The present invention also discloses a hydraulic-mechanical combined rock-breaking and TBM cutter disc. The present invention also discloses a hydraulic-mechanical combined rock-breaking and escape method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of tunnel and underground engineering technology, in particular to the field of TBM tunnel construction under complex geological conditions, and more specifically to a high-pressure water jet edge cutter. The present invention also relates to a combined rock-breaking and escaping TBM cutterhead, that is, a hydraulic-mechanical combined rock-breaking and escaping TBM cutterhead. The present invention also relates to a combined rock-breaking and escaping TBM cutterhead escaping method, that is, a hydraulic-mechanical combined rock-breaking and escaping method. Background Art

[0002] Traditional TBMs use mechanical cutters to break rocks. TBM cutters often have three states when breaking rocks, namely, too little penetration, appropriate penetration, and too much penetration. Under certain cutter spacing conditions, when the penetration is too little, the cracks generated under the cutter head will expand to the rock-breaking free surface (tunnel face) and form triangular rock chips, or the horizontal cracks generated by two adjacent cutters cannot intersect, and the rock ridges between the cutters cannot be cut and damaged. It takes many repeated rock breaking to achieve a good rock breaking effect, but this method will increase the energy consumption of rock breaking and affect the rock breaking efficiency; under certain cutter spacing conditions, when the penetration is too much, the rocks between adjacent cutters are cut into fine rock chips, particles, or even powder, and the rocks are over-broken, resulting in increased energy consumption and tool grinding; the appropriate penetration should form the largest rock breaking range with the minimum energy consumption and mechanism wear under certain cutter spacing conditions.

[0003] The rock-breaking penetration rate of conventional mechanical disc cutters with a constant cross-section is determined by TBM parameters and is adjusted for different face lithology types, but can only be adjusted for one type of face rock at a time. Due to the complex underlying geology and the staggered arrangement of rocks of various lithologies, the use of conventional machinery for rock breaking results in low efficiency, high energy consumption, and easy wear of the cutterhead. Furthermore, since it is difficult to find a suitable TBM penetration rate during construction, it is easy to cause loss of TBM cutting energy and wear of the cutterhead.

[0004] Conventional cutter structures used in existing TBM rock breaking methods include: the first rock breaking method is to use ordinary roller cutters to break rocks; the second rock breaking method is to randomly drill holes in the blank positions of the TBM cutter head and install water jet structures, so that the water jet structures and ordinary roller cutters are arranged at intervals, and hydraulic and mechanical combined rock breaking is adopted;

[0005] However, the first rock breaking method mentioned above requires a large maximum force to break the rock, and the cutter is easily worn, resulting in a low rock breaking efficiency.

[0006] The second rock breaking method mentioned above is used for rock breaking, such as the application number: 201310188881.X, and the patent name is "Arrangement method and structure of high-pressure water jets in the cutter head of a tunnel boring machine". On the basis of the main structure of the traditional TBM cutter head, a number of high-pressure water nozzles are randomly arranged at the blank positions of the TBM cutter head, which has the advantages of improving the rock breaking efficiency of the TBM, reducing the temperature of the cutter head, and preventing dust and cooling the environment. However, since it is necessary to specially open an opening on the TBM cutter head to install the high-pressure water jet, the structure is complex, and the mechanical roller cutter is randomly cooled, which is not targeted. Since it is in a normally open state, it is easy to cause waste of water resources, high energy consumption for rock breaking, and cannot achieve the expected effect.

[0007] For example, the application number is CN105736006A, and the patent name is "Design Method for High-Pressure Water Jet Full-Section Rock Tunneling Machine Cutter Head". The inventors Huo Junzhou, Zhu Dong and others changed the shape of the traditional circular cutter head and adopted a two-cross spoke layout. The rock is crushed by the impact of the water jet on the four spokes and the rotation and extrusion of the cutter, which reduces the energy consumption of rock crushing. However, the changes to the traditional TBM cutter head are relatively large, the cost is high, and it is not conducive to implementation and application.

[0008] Moreover, during the rock-breaking process of the TBM tunnel boring machine, the TBM cutterhead may get stuck due to the influence of ground stress and rock strength characteristics, which will seriously affect the TBM's excavation efficiency and cause significant equipment damage and property losses.

[0009] With the development of society, the demand for the use of TBMs in tunnels and underground projects is getting higher and higher; therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a rock-breaking TBM excavation equipment system and a rock-breaking method that has high rock-breaking efficiency, low rock-breaking energy consumption, low mechanical wear and can solve the problem of TBM jamming. Summary of the invention

[0010] The first purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-pressure water jet edge cutter. When the TBM high-pressure water jet edge cutter is installed, it has a certain inclination angle with the TBM cutter disc plane. The high-pressure water jet generated obliquely sprays high-pressure water to fracture rocks and expand the tunnel face, thereby solving the problem of TBM machine jamming.

[0011] The second purpose of the present invention is to provide a hydraulic-mechanical combined rock-breaking and TBM cutterhead escapement device to assist in breaking the rocks around the TBM cutterhead during TBM excavation work; when the TBM is trapped during startup, the high-pressure water jet edge cutter can assist the TBM cutterhead in escaping.

[0012] The third purpose of the present invention is to provide a hydraulic-mechanical combined rock breaking and escape method, which is easy to escape, improves rock breaking efficiency, reduces rock breaking energy consumption, reduces mechanical wear, improves project progress and reduces project costs.

[0013] In order to achieve the first object of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention is: a high-pressure water jet edge cutter, characterized in that it includes an edge cutter mechanical structure, an edge cutter high-pressure water jet pipeline and an edge cutter high-pressure water jet nozzle;

[0014] The edge cutter high pressure water jet pipeline is located inside the edge cutter mechanical structure;

[0015] The edge cutter high pressure water jet nozzle is embedded in the edge cutter mechanical structure and is communicated with the edge cutter high pressure water jet pipeline.

[0016] In the above technical solution, the edge cutter mechanical structure is a trapezoidal toothed cutter or a fan-shaped scraper.

[0017] In the above technical solution, the edge cutter mechanical structure is provided with a through hole structure; the edge cutter high-pressure water jet pipeline and the edge cutter high-pressure water jet nozzle are both located in the through hole structure.

[0018] In order to achieve the second purpose of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention is: a hydraulic-mechanical combined rock breaking and escaping TBM cutter head, including a TBM cutter head structure and a mechanical roller cutter structure, characterized in that: it also includes the high-pressure water jet edge cutter; the high-pressure water jet edge cutter is used to fracture the rock formation that causes the TBM cutter head structure to get the TBM cutter head structure out of trouble;

[0019] The high-pressure water jet edge cutter is obliquely installed on the circumference of the TBM cutterhead structure;

[0020] The mechanical hob structure is circumferentially mounted on the TBM cutter disc structure and arranged at intervals.

[0021] In the above technical solution, it also includes a hydraulic cutting tool; the hydraulic cutting tool is circumferentially installed on the TBM cutter head structure and arranged at intervals;

[0022] The hydraulic cutting tool is installed between two mechanical hob structures which are spaced apart in the radial direction.

[0023] In the above technical solution, the hydraulic cutting tool is installed at the center position between the two mechanical hob structures that are spaced apart.

[0024] In the above technical solution, the high-pressure water jet edge cutter is installed on the outer periphery of the TBM cutterhead structure;

[0025] The hydraulic cutting tool comprises a high-pressure water pipeline, a rolling wheel and a tool center axis;

[0026] The high-pressure water pipeline is arranged on the rolling wheel;

[0027] The rolling wheel is mounted on the center axis of the tool;

[0028] The tool center shaft is mounted on the TBM cutter head structure.

[0029] In the above technical solution, the rolling wheel is at least one of a roller and a double roller.

[0030] In order to achieve the third object of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention is: a hydraulic-mechanical combined rock breaking and escape method, characterized in that: it includes a TBM device, the TBM device adopts the hydraulic-mechanical combined rock breaking and escape TBM cutterhead;

[0031] Step 1: Align the cutter head of the hydraulic-mechanical combined rock-breaking and escape TBM with the position of the hole to be excavated;

[0032] Step 2: Fix the outer frame, start the hydraulic-mechanical combined rock-breaking and TBM cutterhead, and the TBM device advances forward one stroke;

[0033] The support shoes on the outer frame hold the surrounding rock cave wall tightly and fix the frame of the TBM device;

[0034] The hydraulic-mechanical combined rock-breaking and extrication TBM cutterhead is driven to rotate by the rotary drive, and the thrust cylinder applies thrust to the hydraulic-mechanical combined rock-breaking and extrication TBM cutterhead, and the TBM is slowly pushed out and excavated forward, and the rear support provides support;

[0035] The mechanical cutter structure and the hydraulic cutting tool rotate themselves while the hydraulic-mechanical combined rock breaking and escape TBM cutter head rotates, breaking the rock mass synchronously;

[0036] The rock slag produced by the crushed rock mass is shoveled into the belt conveyor by the bucket and finally transported to the back of the machine for unloading; the thrust cylinder extends one stroke, and the TBM device moves forward one stroke accordingly;

[0037] When the hydraulic-mechanical combined rock-breaking and rock-breaking TBM cutterhead is stuck, the high-pressure water jet nozzle in the high-pressure water jet edge cutter increases the water pressure and provides a high-pressure water jet to break and fracture the rock formation that causes the hydraulic-mechanical combined rock-breaking and rock-breaking TBM cutterhead to be stuck. The mechanical hob structure and the hydraulic cutting tool on the hydraulic-mechanical combined rock-breaking and rock-breaking TBM cutterhead work in coordination with the high-pressure water jet edge cutter to facilitate the TBM to be freed.

[0038] Step 3: Repeat steps 1 to 2 to start the next trip operation until the specified distance is reached, that is, the excavation is completed.

[0039] In the above technical solution, in step 2, the mechanical hob structure and the hydraulic cutting tool break the rock synchronously, as follows:

[0040] When the hydraulic cutting tool breaks rock, the rolling wheel rolls on the tunnel face, driving the high-pressure water pipeline to move; a nozzle is arranged on the high-pressure water pipeline, and the high-pressure water pipeline sprays a high-pressure water jet onto the tunnel face through the nozzle to form a water jet cutting groove;

[0041] The mechanical cutter structure rolls over the rock on the tunnel face on both sides of the water jet cut, causing the rock chips to collapse.

[0042] The mechanical hob structure and TBM cutter disc are both existing technologies.

[0043] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0044] (1) The present invention is provided with a high-pressure water jet pipeline and a nozzle, which have the following functions: expanding the tunnel and reducing the difficulty of expanding the tunnel face; assisting in getting out of trouble when the TBM is stuck; the high-pressure water flows inside the edge cutter, and the water mist formed when the nozzle is sprayed can cool the edge cutter and reduce the wear of the edge cutter mechanical tool; the spray angle of the high-pressure water jet edge cutter can be adjusted to adapt to multi-angle spraying when the machine is stuck;

[0045] (2) The present invention is provided with a high-pressure water jet edge cutter. When the TBM cutter disc is stuck, the high-pressure water jet nozzle in the high-pressure water jet edge cutter increases the water pressure, provides a higher intensity of water pressure, breaks and fractures the rock strata that causes the TBM cutter disc to be stuck, and combines with the coordinated operation of other cutters on the TBM cutter disc to help the TBM escape. The high-pressure water jet edge cutter of the present invention is installed on the outermost circumference of the TBM cutter disc to expand the excavation and break the rock. The high-pressure water jet pipeline of the edge cutter of the present invention is located inside the mechanical structure of the edge cutter, and the high-pressure water jet nozzle of the edge cutter is embedded inside the mechanical structure of the edge cutter. The high-pressure water jet pipeline and the high-pressure water jet nozzle of the edge cutter are protected by the mechanical structure of the edge cutter to prevent damage.

[0046] (3) The high-pressure water jet edge cutter of the present invention is installed at a certain inclination angle with the plane of the TBM cutter disc, so that the high-pressure water jet nozzle of the edge cutter can spray high-pressure water at an angle to fracture the rock; the high-pressure water jet edge cutter is installed on the TBM cutter disc, and the high-pressure water jet edge cutter has two functions. One is to assist in breaking the circumferential rock of the TBM cutter disc during TBM excavation (the high-pressure water jet in the high-pressure water jet edge cutter can be controlled to open and close according to actual needs); the second is that when the TBM is started, the high-pressure water jet edge cutter can assist the TBM cutter disc to get out of trouble, thereby avoiding the TBM cutter disc jamming due to the influence of ground stress and rock strength characteristics, which seriously affects the excavation efficiency of the TBM and causes serious equipment damage and property losses;

[0047] (4) The high-pressure water jet nozzle and the pipeline of the present invention are provided with a protective mechanism, which can reduce the wear of the nozzle; the high-pressure water jet nozzle of the present invention can be replaced, thereby extending the service life of the tool;

[0048] (5) The present invention innovates a new arrangement of the cutterhead of a hydraulic-mechanical combined rock-breaking TBM. A hydraulic cutting tool is installed at the center of the mechanical cutter spacing on the cutterhead to replace the simple superposition and combination of the existing TBM cutterhead high-pressure water jet nozzle and the mechanical cutter on the cutterhead. Without changing the existing TBM support and propulsion method, the adaptability of the hydraulic pipeline is adjusted to improve the rock-breaking ability of the high-pressure water jet, thereby redefining the excavation working method of the hydraulic-mechanical combined rock-breaking TBM.

[0049] (6) The present invention can improve rock breaking efficiency, reduce rock breaking energy consumption, and reduce mechanical wear, which is of great significance to improving project progress and reducing project costs;

[0050] (7) The present invention can be implemented without major changes to the existing TBM cutterhead, and has a higher degree of industrial feasibility. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the high-pressure water jet edge cutter of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the high-pressure water jet edge cutter of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the structure of the hydraulic-mechanical combined rock-breaking and escape TBM cutterhead of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the working of the TBM device used in the hydraulic-mechanical combined rock breaking and escape method of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of rock breaking by the hydraulic cutting tool of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of the hydraulic cutting tool of the present invention being a roller.

[0057] Figure 4 In the figure, E represents the rock surface before cutting (i.e., the tunnel face; the tunnel face only represents a surface, which is the rock surface exposed in front of the TBM (the rock wall facing before the tunnel is opened), and E is the rock mass to be excavated in the direction of the TBM's advance).

[0058] Figure 5In the figure, A represents the rotation direction of the TBM; S1 represents the water jet cutting trace and direction behind the first hydraulic cutting tool (i.e., the water jet cutting trace and direction formed by the first hydraulic cutting tool using a high-pressure water jet to cut the rock); T1 represents the first hydraulic cutting tool; S2 represents the water jet cutting trace and direction behind the second hydraulic cutting tool; T2 represents the second hydraulic cutting tool; S3 represents the water jet cutting trace and direction behind the third hydraulic cutting tool; T3 represents the third hydraulic cutting tool; S4 represents the water jet cutting trace and direction behind the fourth hydraulic cutting tool; T4 represents the fourth hydraulic cutting tool; S5 represents the water jet cutting trace and direction behind the fifth hydraulic cutting tool; T5 represents the fifth hydraulic cutting tool; S6 represents the water jet cutting trace and direction behind the sixth hydraulic cutting tool; T6 represents the sixth hydraulic cutting tool.

[0059] In the figure, 1-edge cutter mechanical structure, 1.1-through hole structure, 2-edge cutter high-pressure water jet pipeline, 3-edge cutter high-pressure water jet nozzle, 4-high-pressure water jet edge cutter, 5-TBM cutter disc structure, 6-mechanical hob structure, 7-hydraulic cutting tool, 7.1-high-pressure water pipeline, 7.2-rolling wheel, 7.3-tool center axis, 7.4-nozzle, 8-TBM cutter disc, 9-TBM device, 10-outer frame, 11-outer frame upper support shoe, 12-rotation drive, 13-thrust cylinder, 14-rear support, 15-bucket, 16-belt conveyor, 17-palm face, 18-water jet grooving. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The following is a detailed description of the implementation of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but they do not constitute a limitation of the present invention and are only given as examples. At the same time, the advantages of the present invention are made clearer and easier to understand through the description.

[0061] As can be seen from the attached drawings: the high-pressure water jet edge cutter comprises an edge cutter mechanical structure 1, an edge cutter high-pressure water jet pipeline 2 and an edge cutter high-pressure water jet nozzle 3;

[0062] The edge cutter high pressure water jet pipeline 2 is located inside the edge cutter mechanical structure 1;

[0063] The edge cutter high pressure water jet nozzle 3 is embedded in the edge cutter mechanical structure 1 and is connected to the edge cutter high pressure water jet pipeline 2; the edge cutter high pressure water jet nozzle 3 is used to spray high pressure water to fracture rocks (such as Figure 2 as shown).

[0064] Furthermore, the edge cutter mechanical structure 1 is a trapezoidal toothed cutter or a fan-shaped scraper; the trapezoidal toothed cutter or the fan-shaped scraper is a common structural form of scrapers and toothed cutters, and has good mechanical structural characteristics.

[0065] Furthermore, the edge cutter mechanical structure 1 is provided with a through hole structure 1.1; the edge cutter high pressure water jet pipeline 2 and the edge cutter high pressure water jet nozzle 3 are both located in the through hole structure 1.1 (such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown); the edge cutter mechanical structure 1 is used to protect the edge cutter high-pressure water jet pipeline 2 and the edge cutter high-pressure water jet nozzle 3, and reduce the wear of the edge cutter high-pressure water jet pipeline 2 and the edge cutter high-pressure water jet nozzle 3.

[0066] Referring to the attached drawings, it can be seen that the hydraulic-mechanical combined rock-breaking and escaping TBM cutter disc comprises a TBM cutter disc 5 and a mechanical roller cutter structure 6, and is characterized in that it also comprises the high-pressure water jet edge cutter 4; the high-pressure water jet edge cutter 4 is used to fracture the rock formation that causes the TBM cutter disc 5 to get out of trouble;

[0067] The high-pressure water jet edge cutter 4 is installed obliquely on the TBM cutter head 5 and is located on the circumference of the TBM cutter head 5; the high-pressure water jet edge cutter 4 is installed at a certain inclination angle with the plane of the TBM cutter head, so the edge cutter high-pressure water jet nozzle can spray high-pressure water obliquely to fracture the rock; the high-pressure water jet edge cutter is installed on the TBM cutter head, and the high-pressure water jet edge cutter has two functions, one is to assist in breaking the circumferential rock of the TBM cutter head during TBM excavation work (according to actual needs, the high-pressure water jet in the high-pressure water jet edge cutter can be controlled to open and close); the second is that when the TBM is started, the high-pressure water jet edge cutter can help the TBM cutter head to get out of trouble;

[0068] The mechanical hob structure 6 is circumferentially mounted on the TBM cutter head structure 5 and arranged at intervals (such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 as shown).

[0069] Furthermore, it also includes a hydraulic cutting tool 7; the hydraulic cutting tool 7 is circumferentially installed on the TBM cutter head structure 5 and arranged at intervals;

[0070] The hydraulic cutting tool 7 is installed between the two mechanical hob structures 6 which are spaced apart in the radial direction; the rock breaking is carried out by combining mechanical and hydraulic forces to improve the rock breaking efficiency.

[0071] Furthermore, the hydraulic cutting tool 7 is installed at the center position between the two mechanical hob structures 6 that are spaced apart (such as Figure 3 As shown); when the hydraulic cutting tool and its built-in high-pressure water jet nozzle are working, the water jet can be set according to the program, and the high-pressure water jet channel valve is controlled to advance or synchronize the mechanical roller cutter structure to achieve the purpose of combined rock breaking and improve rock breaking efficiency.

[0072] Furthermore, the high-pressure water jet edge cutter 4 is installed on the outer periphery of the TBM cutter disc structure 5, that is, installed on the outer ring of the cutter disc; the inner diameter of the outer ring of the cutter disc is equal to the inner diameter of the TBM cutter disc 5; the high-pressure water jet edge cutter 4 is installed on the outermost circumference of the TBM cutter disc (such as Figure 3 As shown in the figure), it plays the role of expanding excavation and crushing rocks.

[0073] Furthermore, the hydraulic cutting tool 7 comprises a high-pressure water pipeline 7.1, a rolling wheel 7.2 and a tool center axis 7.3;

[0074] The high-pressure water pipeline 7.1 is arranged on the rolling wheel 7.2 or installed on the tool center axis 7.3;

[0075] The rolling wheel 7.2 is mounted on the tool center axis 7.3;

[0076] The tool center axis 7.3 is mounted on the TBM cutter head structure 5 (such as Figure 3 , Figure 6 as shown).

[0077] Furthermore, the rolling wheel 7.2 is at least one of a rolling wheel and a double rolling wheel.

[0078] When the rolling wheel 7.2 is a roller, the hydraulic cutting tool 7 has the same structure as the hydraulic cutting disc cutter tool recorded in the patent of the applicant's application number: 201921011944.3, the patent name of which is TBM excavation equipment with mechanical-hydraulic combined rock breaking (such as Figure 6 shown);

[0079] When the rolling wheel 7.2 is a double roller, the structure of the hydraulic cutting double roller cutter tool recorded in the patent with application number: 201921012070.3 and patent name: Double roller cutter tunneling equipment with hydraulic-mechanical TBM cutter head combined rock breaking is the same as that of the double roller cutter tool recorded in the patent with application number: 201921012070.3 and patent name: Double roller cutter tunneling equipment with hydraulic-mechanical TBM cutter head combined rock breaking.

[0080] The rolling wheel 7.2 can also be arranged in other structures according to the rock breaking requirements.

[0081] See attached Figure 4 It can be seen that: the hydraulic-mechanical combined rock breaking and escape method includes a TBM device 9, and the TBM device adopts the hydraulic-mechanical combined rock breaking and escape TBM cutter head 8;

[0082] Step 1: Align the hydraulic-mechanical combined rock-breaking and escape TBM cutterhead 8 to the position where the hole is to be excavated (i.e., the tunnel face);

[0083] Step 2: fix the outer frame 10, start the hydraulic-mechanical combined rock breaking and escaping TBM cutter head 8, and the TBM device 9 advances forward one stroke;

[0084] The support shoes 11 on the outer frame support the surrounding rock cave wall and fix the frame of the TBM device 9;

[0085] The hydraulic-mechanical combined rock-breaking and extrication TBM cutterhead 8 is driven to rotate by the rotary drive 12, and the thrust cylinder 13 applies thrust to the hydraulic-mechanical combined rock-breaking and extrication TBM cutterhead 8, and the TBM is slowly pushed out and excavated forward, and the rear support 14 provides support;

[0086] The mechanical hob structure 6 and the hydraulic cutting tool 7 rotate themselves while rotating along with the hydraulic-mechanical combined rock breaking and escape TBM cutter head 8, breaking the rock mass synchronously;

[0087] The rock slag produced by the crushed rock mass is shoveled into the belt conveyor 16 by the bucket 15 and finally transported to the back of the machine for unloading; the thrust cylinder 13 extends one stroke, and the TBM device 9 moves forward one stroke accordingly;

[0088] When the hydraulic-mechanical combined rock-breaking and rescue TBM cutterhead 8 is stuck, the high-pressure water jet nozzle in the high-pressure water jet edge cutter 4 increases the water pressure and provides a higher intensity of water pressure (select a suitable ultra-high pressure water generator according to the actual geological conditions of the excavation) to break and fracture the rock stratum that causes the hydraulic-mechanical combined rock-breaking and rescue TBM cutterhead 8 to be stuck. The mechanical hob structure 6 and the hydraulic cutting tool 7 on the hydraulic-mechanical combined rock-breaking and rescue TBM cutterhead 8 work in coordination with the high-pressure water jet edge cutter 4 to facilitate the TBM to be rescued (such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 shown);

[0089] Step 3: Repeat steps 1 to 2 to start the next trip operation until the specified distance is reached, that is, the excavation is completed (such as Figure 4 As shown); The combined rock-breaking TBM is used for tunnel excavation. When the TBM is working, workers install the mechanical cutter structure and high-pressure hydraulic cutting tools on the combined rock-breaking TBM cutterhead. The cutterhead equipped with the TBM cutterhead has sufficient strength and rigidity to withstand the huge reaction force and shear stress generated by the rotation and propulsion of the cutterhead when the main machine is excavating. The rotary drive controls the rotation of the combined rock-breaking TBM cutterhead, and the thrust cylinder pushes the TBM cutterhead forward to excavate. During the excavation process, the support shoes on the external frame are used to hold the surrounding rock cave wall tightly and fix the TBM frame. The rear support is used to support the combined rock-breaking TBM to facilitate excavation; the bucket is used to shovel up the rock debris crushed by the cutterhead and transport it to the outside of the cave by the belt conveyor.

[0090] During the above-mentioned excavation process, the support device behind the TBM cutterhead tightly connects the tunnel segments with the surrounding rock mass through methods such as shotcrete anchoring, forming a complete support system.

[0091] Furthermore, in step 2, the mechanical hob structure 6 and the hydraulic cutting tool 7 break the rock synchronously, as follows:

[0092] When the hydraulic cutting tool 7 breaks the rock, the rolling wheel 7.2 rolls on the tunnel face, driving the high-pressure water pipe 7.1 to move; a nozzle 7.4 is provided on the high-pressure water pipe 7.1, and the high-pressure water pipe 7.1 sprays a high-pressure water jet onto the tunnel face through the nozzle 7.4 to form a water jet cutting groove 18 (such as Figure 4 , Figure 5 shown);

[0093] The mechanical roller cutter structure 6 rolls over the rock on the tunnel face on both sides of the water jet cutting groove 18 to cause the rock debris to collapse.

[0094] like Figure 4 As shown, the TBM device 9 includes a TBM cutterhead, an outer frame 10, a shoe 11 on the outer frame, a rotary drive 12, a propulsion cylinder 13, a rear support 14, a bucket 15, a belt conveyor 16, a shield, a hydraulic cylinder, a retractable water pipe, a water jet rotation adjustment unit and a water tank; the TBM cutterhead structure 23 is installed at the front end of the rotary drive 12 and is located at the front side of the outer frame 10; the outer frame 10 is located outside the rotary drive 12; the shield 18 is located on the side of the outer frame 10 and is connected to the outer frame 10 through the hydraulic cylinder 19; the shoe 11 on the outer frame is located behind the outer frame 10 and is connected to the outer frame 10 through the propulsion cylinder 13; the rear support 14 is located behind the shoe 11 on the outer frame; the belt conveyor 16 is located inside the outer frame 10, and the bucket 15 is located at the belt conveyor The front end of the machine 16 is located at the front end of the outer frame 10; the high-pressure water pipeline docking interface of the water jet rotation adjustment part is a connection structure for external high-pressure water and rock-breaking high-pressure water; the water tank is located behind the rear support; the water tank is located on the laid track at the rear end of the TBM, which can ensure the water supply; there are a pressurizing device and an adjusting device in the water tank, which can provide high-pressure water for hydraulic cutting, and can control the flow rate of high-pressure water by adjusting the water pressure of the high-pressure water; one end of the retractable water pipe is connected to the water jet rotation adjustment part, and the other end is connected to the water tank, and is connected to the side knife high-pressure water jet pipeline 2; the TBM cutter head used by the TBM device 9 described in the present invention is the hydraulic-mechanical combined rock-breaking and escape TBM cutter head 8 described in the present invention; one end of the side knife high-pressure water jet pipeline 2 is connected to the side knife high-pressure water jet nozzle, and the other end is connected to one end of the high-pressure water pipeline 7.1 adjacent to the water jet rotation adjustment part (such as Figure 4 as shown).

[0095] The rotary drive of the TBM device 9 is located behind the combined rock-breaking TBM cutterhead, and the propulsion cylinder is located outside the TBM frame, behind the outer frame, and is used to propel the TBM; the rotation adjustment part is located in the front of the rotary drive and can rotate synchronously with the rotary drive device; the combined rock-breaking TBM working system includes a transmission box and a hydraulic feed system; the rotary drive is equipped with a motor, a torque speed sensor, and a reducer, and the two ends of the torque speed sensor are respectively connected to the motor and the reducer to control the rotation of the combined rock-breaking TBM cutterhead, and the hydraulic feed system includes a propulsion cylinder, which is hinged to the thrust rod and connected to the pressure sensor to realize feeding and retracting.

[0096] In order to more clearly illustrate the advantages of the high-pressure water jet edge cutter and its combined rock-breaking and escape TBM cutter head and method described in the present invention compared with the existing TBM excavation equipment system and its rock-breaking method, the staff compared the two technical solutions, and the comparison results are shown in the following table:

[0097]

[0098] It can be seen from the above table that the high-pressure water jet edge cutter and its combined rock-breaking and TBM cutter disc and method described in the present invention can improve rock breaking efficiency, reduce rock breaking energy consumption, reduce mechanical wear, improve project progress, and reduce project costs compared with the existing TBM excavation equipment system and its rock breaking method. When the TBM cutter disc is stuck, its high-pressure water jet edge cutter can help the TBM get out of trouble.

[0099] Other parts not described belong to the prior art.

Claims

1. A hydraulic-mechanical combined rock breaking and escape method, characterized in that: It comprises a TBM device (9), which uses a hydraulic-mechanical combined rock breaking and TBM cutterhead (8); The hydraulic-mechanical combined rock-breaking and escape TBM cutterhead (8) comprises a TBM cutterhead structure (5), a mechanical roller cutter structure (6), and a high-pressure water jet edge cutter (4); the high-pressure water jet edge cutter (4) comprises an edge cutter mechanical structure (1), an edge cutter high-pressure water jet pipeline (2), and an edge cutter high-pressure water jet nozzle (3); The edge cutter high-pressure water jet pipeline (2) is located inside the edge cutter mechanical structure (1); The edge cutter high-pressure water jet nozzle (3) is embedded in the edge cutter mechanical structure (1) and is connected to the edge cutter high-pressure water jet pipeline (2); The edge cutter mechanical structure (1) is provided with a through hole structure (1.1); the edge cutter high-pressure water jet pipeline (2) and the edge cutter high-pressure water jet nozzle (3) are both located in the through hole structure (1.1); The high-pressure water jet edge cutter (4) is used to fracture the rock formation that causes the TBM cutter head structure to get stuck, so that the TBM cutter head structure can be freed; The high-pressure water jet edge cutter (4) is installed obliquely on the circumference of the TBM cutter head structure (5); The mechanical hob structure (6) is circumferentially mounted on the TBM cutter head structure (5) and arranged at intervals; It also includes a hydraulic cutting tool (7); the hydraulic cutting tool (7) is circumferentially mounted on the TBM cutter head structure (5) and arranged at intervals; The hydraulic cutting tool (7) is installed between two mechanical hob structures (6) spaced apart in the radial direction; The hydraulic cutting tool (7) is installed at the center between the two mechanical hob structures (6) that are spaced apart. The high-pressure water jet edge cutter (4) is installed on the outer periphery of the TBM cutter head structure (5); The hydraulic cutting tool (7) comprises a high-pressure water pipeline (7.1), a rolling wheel (7.2) and a tool center axis (7.3); The high-pressure water pipeline (7.1) is arranged on the rolling wheel (7.2); The rolling wheel (7.2) is mounted on the tool center axis (7.3); The tool center axis (7.3) is mounted on the TBM cutter head structure (5); One end of the edge knife high-pressure water jet pipeline (2) is connected to the edge knife high-pressure water jet nozzle (3), and the other end is connected to an end of the high-pressure water pipeline (7.1) adjacent to the water knife rotation adjustment part; The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Align the hydraulic-mechanical combined rock-breaking and escape TBM cutterhead (8) with the location of the hole to be excavated; Step 2: fix the outer frame (10), start the hydraulic-mechanical combined rock breaking and escaping TBM cutterhead (8), and the TBM device (9) advances one stroke forward; The support shoe (11) on the outer frame supports the surrounding rock cave wall and fixes the frame of the TBM device (9); The hydraulic-mechanical combined rock-breaking and extrication TBM cutterhead (8) is driven to rotate by a rotary drive (12), and a thrust cylinder (13) applies thrust to the hydraulic-mechanical combined rock-breaking and extrication TBM cutterhead (8), so that the TBM is slowly pushed out and excavated forward, and the rear support (14) provides support; The mechanical cutter structure (6) and the hydraulic cutting tool (7) rotate themselves and rotate along with the hydraulic-mechanical combined rock breaking and escape TBM cutter head (8), thereby breaking the rock mass synchronously; The rock slag produced by the crushed rock mass is shoveled into the belt conveyor (16) by the bucket (15) and finally transported to the back of the machine for unloading; the thrust cylinder (13) extends one stroke, and the TBM device (9) moves forward one stroke accordingly; When the hydraulic-mechanical combined rock-breaking and escape TBM cutterhead (8) is stuck, the high-pressure water jet nozzle in the high-pressure water jet edge cutter (4) increases the water pressure and provides a high-pressure water jet to break and fracture the rock formation that causes the hydraulic-mechanical combined rock-breaking and escape TBM cutterhead (8) to be stuck, and the mechanical hob structure (6) and the hydraulic cutting tool (7) on the hydraulic-mechanical combined rock-breaking and escape TBM cutterhead (8) work in coordination with the high-pressure water jet edge cutter (4) to facilitate the escape of the TBM; Step 3: Repeat steps 1 to 2 to start the next trip operation until the excavation reaches the specified distance, completing the excavation of the hole.

2. The hydraulic-mechanical combined rock breaking and escape method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The edge cutter mechanical structure (1) is a trapezoidal toothed cutter or a fan-shaped scraper.

3. The hydraulic-mechanical combined rock breaking and escape method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The rolling wheel (7.2) is at least one of a roller and a double roller.

4. The hydraulic-mechanical combined rock breaking and escape method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 2, the mechanical cutter structure (6) and the hydraulic cutting tool (7) break the rock synchronously, as follows: When the hydraulic cutting tool (7) breaks rock, the rolling wheel (7.2) rolls on the tunnel face, driving the high-pressure water pipeline (7.1) to move; a nozzle (7.4) is arranged on the high-pressure water pipeline (7.1), and the high-pressure water pipeline (7.1) sprays a high-pressure water jet onto the tunnel face through the nozzle (7.4), thereby forming a water-jet cut groove (18); The mechanical roller cutter structure (6) rolls over the rocks on the tunnel face on both sides of the water jet cutting groove (18) to cause the rock slag to collapse.

Images