A super-long tunnel cleaning and sewage separation drainage structure suitable for cold areas

Abstract

The present invention discloses a super-long tunnel clean and sewage separation drainage structure suitable for cold regions, comprising a tunnel entrance drainage structure and a tunnel body drainage structure, as well as a clear water ditch outside the tunnel, a deep-buried ditch outside the tunnel, a sewage ditch outside the tunnel and a clean water pool. The tunnel entrance drainage structure comprises a central ditch and a side sewage ditch A. The central ditch is deeply buried below the freezing depth of the main tunnel entrance section. Side sewage ditches A are arranged on both sides of the main tunnel entrance section. The tunnel body drainage structure comprises a side clear water ditch and a side sewage ditch B. Side clear water ditch and side sewage ditch B are arranged on both sides of the main tunnel body section. The advantages are that the separation and discharge treatment of clean water and sewage during tunnel construction and operation are realized, and high environmental requirements are met; the drainage structures of the tunnel entrance section and the tunnel body section are arranged separately, which meets the insulation requirements of drainage in cold regions and can effectively prevent groundwater from seeping into the tunnel to cause freezing disasters; the service tunnel is used to assist in enhancing the drainage capacity of the main tunnel, and a super-large water discharge of the super-long tunnel is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnels and underground engineering, and in particular to an ultra-long tunnel sewage separation and drainage structure suitable for cold regions. Background Art

[0002] Tunnel drainage is related to the normal progress and safety of tunnel construction and operation. The "Highway Tunnel Design Code" stipulates: "The tunnel drainage measures taken should pay attention to protecting the natural environment" and "a longitudinal drainage system should be set up in the tunnel according to the principle of separate discharge of groundwater, operational cleaning sewage and firefighting sewage."

[0003] Tunnel sewage includes construction wastewater, operational cleaning sewage and firefighting sewage. In areas with high environmental requirements, sewage is not allowed to be discharged directly and must be treated before reuse or discharge elsewhere. Therefore, the drainage structure in the tunnel needs to set up separate trenches to drain sewage. For extra-long and super-long tunnels, the volume of sewage is large, and a stronger sewage discharge treatment system must be used to meet the requirements.

[0004] The surrounding rock groundwater is generally clean, and there are two main ways to drain groundwater: lining drainage and bottom drainage of pavement structure. For tunnel drainage in cold regions, where groundwater may freeze, it is advisable to set up a central deep-buried ditch. However, for extra-long and ultra-long tunnels, the construction of a deep-buried central ditch is difficult and inconvenient to inspect and maintain. In addition, extra-long and ultra-long tunnels span large geological areas and have a large total water volume in the tunnel, which requires the tunnel to have a strong drainage capacity. The drainage of the main tunnel is limited by the cross-section and longitudinal slope, and the drainage capacity will also be limited. Summary of the invention

[0005] One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a super-long tunnel cleaning and sewage separation drainage structure suitable for cold areas in response to the existing technical status, which realizes the separation and discharge of clean water and sewage during tunnel construction and operation, and meets high environmental requirements.

[0006] The second purpose of the present invention is to provide a super-long tunnel sewage separation drainage structure suitable for cold areas in response to the existing technical status. The drainage structure is arranged separately in the entrance section and the tunnel section to meet the insulation requirements of drainage in cold areas and effectively prevent groundwater from seeping into the tunnel and causing freezing disasters.

[0007] The third purpose of the present invention is to provide a super-long tunnel cleaning and sewage separation drainage structure suitable for cold areas in response to the existing technical status, using a service tunnel to assist in enhancing the drainage capacity of the main tunnel and achieve super-large water discharge in the super-long tunnel.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

[0009] A super-long tunnel cleaning and sewage separation drainage structure suitable for cold areas, including a tunnel entrance section drainage structure and a tunnel body section drainage structure arranged in the main tunnel, and an outer tunnel clean water ditch, an outer tunnel deep buried ditch, an outer tunnel sewage ditch and a clean water pool arranged outside the main tunnel, the tunnel entrance section drainage structure includes a central ditch for discharging clean water and a side sewage ditch A for discharging sewage, the central ditch is deeply buried in the main tunnel entrance section below the freezing depth, the central ditch is blocked at one end inside the main tunnel, the central ditch is connected to the outer tunnel clean water ditch through a drop well at one end outside the main tunnel, the longitudinal drainage pipe in the tunnel lining of the main tunnel entrance section is connected to the central ditch through a transverse water guide pipe A, and the transverse water guide pipe A It is arranged at the bottom of the invert arch, and side sewage ditches A are arranged on both sides of the main tunnel entrance section. The tunnel body drainage structure includes side sewage ditches for discharging clean water and side sewage ditches B for discharging sewage. Side sewage ditches and side sewage ditches B are arranged on both sides of the main tunnel body section. The side sewage ditches are connected with the service tunnel drainage channel through the transverse water guide ditch. The clear water ditch outside the tunnel and the service tunnel drainage channel merge into the deep buried ditch outside the tunnel. The longitudinal drainage pipe in the tunnel lining of the main tunnel body section is connected with the side sewage ditch through the transverse water guide pipe B. The side sewage ditches B on both sides of the main tunnel body section are longitudinally connected with the side sewage ditches A on both sides of the main tunnel entrance section and merge into the clean water tank through the sewage ditch outside the tunnel.

[0010] Furthermore, the drainage structure of the tunnel entrance section and the drainage structure of the tunnel body section both include a pavement drainage structure, which includes a number of transverse drainage ditches arranged in the pavement cushion layer of the main tunnel or on the top of the arch filling layer and a longitudinal drainage ditch arranged on the low-lying side of the main tunnel. The several transverse drainage ditches are connected to the longitudinal drainage ditch. The longitudinal drainage ditch of the drainage structure of the tunnel entrance section is connected to the central ditch inspection well through the transverse water conduit C, and the longitudinal drainage ditch of the drainage structure of the tunnel body section is connected to the transverse water conduit.

[0011] Furthermore, permeable pipes or 270° open-hole drainage pipes are buried in the transverse drainage ditch and the longitudinal drainage ditch, and the remaining space in the transverse drainage ditch and the longitudinal drainage ditch is filled with clean gravel.

[0012] Furthermore, the transverse water ditches are arranged below the pavement structure at the connection between the transverse tunnel and the main tunnel and the transverse tunnel. The transverse water ditches are connected to the drainage channel of the service tunnel through a corridor-type inspection well, and the wellhead of the corridor-type inspection well is arranged in the transverse tunnel.

[0013] Furthermore, a sand settling space is provided at the bottom of the gallery-type inspection well.

[0014] Furthermore, the upper parts of the central ditch inspection well and the corridor-type inspection well are provided with insulation materials with a thickness of not less than 30 cm.

[0015] Furthermore, the side clean water ditch and the side sewage ditch B share an integral cover plate, the body of the side sewage ditch B is a prefabricated reinforced concrete structure, the integral cover plate is located above the side sewage ditch B and is provided with a water collecting groove and a drainage hole, one side of the side clean water ditch shares a prefabricated side wall with the cable ditch, and the other side shares a side wall with the side sewage ditch B, and the upper part of the side clean water ditch is provided with insulation material.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] 1. The clean water and sewage are discharged separately during the tunnel construction and operation to meet the high environmental requirements. 2. The drainage structures are arranged separately in the tunnel entrance section and the tunnel body section to meet the insulation requirements of drainage in cold areas and effectively prevent groundwater from seeping into the tunnel and causing freezing disasters. 3. The service tunnel is used to assist in enhancing the drainage capacity of the main tunnel to achieve super-large water discharge in super-long tunnels. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Attached Figure 1 It is a plan view of the sewage separation and drainage structure of the present invention;

[0019] Attached Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the main tunnel, service tunnel and transverse water diversion ditch of the present invention;

[0020] Attached Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the gallery-type inspection well of the present invention;

[0021] Attached Figure 4 It is a partial enlarged view of the connection between the transverse water guide ditch, the side clear water ditch and the longitudinal drainage ditch of the present invention;

[0022] Attached Figure 5 This is a drainage arrangement diagram of the main tunnel entrance section of the present invention;

[0023] Attached Figure 6 It is a partial enlarged view of the side sewage ditch A of the present invention;

[0024] Attached Figure 7 This is a drainage arrangement diagram of the main hole section of the present invention;

[0025] Attached Figure 8 It is a partial enlarged view of the side clean water ditch and the side sewage ditch B of the present invention;

[0026] Attached Fig. 9 It is a partial enlarged view of the central ditch inspection well of the present invention.

[0027] Marking instructions: 1. Main tunnel, 2. Service tunnel, 3. Cross tunnel, 4. Main tunnel entrance section, 5. Main tunnel body section, 6. Central ditch, 7. Side sewage ditch A, 8. Side clean water ditch, 9. Side clean water ditch, 10. Horizontal water guide ditch, 11. Service tunnel drainage channel, 12. Corridor-type inspection well, 13. Drop well, 14. Clean water ditch outside the tunnel, 15. Deep buried ditch outside the tunnel, 16. Sewage ditch outside the tunnel, 17. Clean water tank, 18. Annular drainage pipe, 19. Longitudinal drainage pipe, 20. Horizontal water guide pipe A, 21. Horizontal drainage ditch, 22. Longitudinal drainage ditch, 23. Horizontal water guide pipe B, 24. Central ditch inspection well, 25. Horizontal water guide pipe C, 26. Cable trench. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] A highway tunnel to be designed and constructed is 22km long, an ultra-long tunnel with a maximum burial depth of about 1150m. It is designed according to the technical standards of a 100km / h two-way four-lane highway. The tunnel section crosses Tianger Mountain, with low sides and high middle, large terrain undulations, and many geomorphic units, mainly including alpine glacial geomorphic areas, alluvial erosion valley geomorphic areas, foothill slope accumulation geomorphic areas, and tectonic denudation middle and high mountain geomorphic areas. The altitude is between 2620m and 4234m, with a relative height difference of 1600m. There is basically no vegetation above 3500m above sea level, and snow is accumulated all year round in some areas. The groundwater types are mainly loose rock pore water, bedrock weathering fissure water, and tectonic fissure water. The hydrogeological conditions are relatively complex. Considering factors such as disaster prevention and rescue during the tunnel operation period, topographic and geological characteristics, construction period, inclined shaft setting, and construction risks, it is recommended to adopt the three-hole scheme of main hole drilling and blasting method + TBM service tunnel.

[0029] See also Figure 2 , 5 As shown in Figures 7 and 8, the super-long tunnel includes two main tunnels 1 and a service tunnel 2 in between. The tunnel lining drainage in the main tunnel 1 is collected to the longitudinal drainage pipe 19 at the bottom of the wall through a permeable annular drainage pipe 18. The main tunnel 1 and the service tunnel 2 are connected by a number of transverse tunnels 3. The transverse tunnels 3 include pedestrian tunnels and vehicle tunnels. The service tunnel 2 is arranged in parallel between the two main tunnels 1, and its elevation is lower than that of the main tunnel 1, with a height difference of about 1m. The service tunnel 2 has the functions of auxiliary construction, disaster prevention and rescue, and auxiliary drainage.

[0030] The annular drainage pipe 18 includes φ50mm soft permeable pipes evenly laid along the initial support surface, and 1-3 φ100 semicircular drainage pipes are concentratedly laid on the surrounding rock surface at the concentrated leakage point depending on the water volume. The longitudinal drainage pipe 19 adopts φ100mm double-wall perforated corrugated pipe, which is set along the side wall of the tunnel, one on each side, with a slope consistent with the longitudinal slope of the tunnel. The annular drainage pipe 18 and the longitudinal drainage pipe 19 are connected by a three-way joint.

[0031] See also Figure 1-2As shown, the clean and sewage separation drainage structure of the super-long tunnel includes a drainage structure of the entrance section and a drainage structure of the tunnel body arranged in the main tunnel 1, and an outer clean water ditch 14, an outer deep buried ditch 15, an outer sewage ditch 16 and a clean water pool 17 arranged outside the main tunnel 1. The main tunnel entrance section 4 and the main tunnel body section 5 are divided at a suitable position corresponding to the transverse tunnel 3. The selection of the dividing position is determined according to the length of the tunnel entrance and exit that needs to be insulated and fortified. When the length of the main tunnel entrance section 4 is greater than the required fortification length, the nearest transverse tunnel 3 greater than the fortification length is selected for division.

[0032] See also Figure 1 , 5 As shown in Figure 6, the drainage structure of the tunnel entrance section includes a central ditch 6 for discharging clean water and a side sewage ditch A7 for discharging sewage. The central ditch 6 is deeply buried in the main tunnel entrance section 4 below the freezing depth. One end of the central ditch 6 is located inside the main tunnel 1 and is blocked. The other end of the central ditch 6 is located outside the main tunnel 1 and is connected to the clean water ditch 14 outside the tunnel through a drop well 13. The longitudinal drainage pipe 19 in the tunnel lining of the main tunnel entrance section 4 is connected to the central ditch 6 through a transverse water conduit A20. The transverse water conduit A20 is arranged at the bottom of the invert. Side sewage ditches A7 are arranged on both sides of the main tunnel entrance section 4.

[0033] See also Figure 1 , 7 As shown in Figure 8, the tunnel body drainage structure includes a side clean water ditch 8 for discharging clean water and a side sewage ditch B8 for discharging sewage. Side clean water ditches 8 and side sewage ditches B8 are arranged on both sides of the main tunnel body section 5. The side clean water ditch 8 and the side sewage ditch B8 share an integral cover plate. The ditch body of the side sewage ditch B8 is a prefabricated reinforced concrete structure. The integral cover plate is located above the side sewage ditch B8 and is provided with a water collecting groove and a drainage hole. One side of the side clean water ditch 8 shares a prefabricated side wall with the cable trench 26, and the other side shares a side wall with the side sewage ditch B8. The upper part of the side clean water ditch 8 is provided with insulation material. The side clean water ditch 8 is connected with the service tunnel drainage channel 11 through the transverse water guide ditch 10, the clean water ditch 14 outside the tunnel and the service tunnel drainage channel 11 merge into the deep buried ditch 15 outside the tunnel, the longitudinal drainage pipe 19 in the tunnel lining of the main tunnel section 5 is connected with the side clean water ditch 9 through the transverse water guide pipe B23, and the side sewage ditch B8 on both sides of the main tunnel section 5 is longitudinally connected with the side sewage ditch A7 on both sides of the main tunnel entrance section 4 and merges into the clean water tank 17 through the sewage ditch 16 outside the tunnel.

[0034] See also Figure 4-9As shown, the drainage structure of the tunnel entrance section and the drainage structure of the tunnel body section both include a pavement drainage structure, which includes a plurality of transverse drainage ditches 21 arranged in the main tunnel pavement cushion layer or on the top of the invert filling layer and a longitudinal drainage ditch 22 arranged on the low-lying side of the main tunnel 1. The plurality of transverse drainage ditches 21 are all connected with the longitudinal drainage ditch 22. The longitudinal drainage ditch 22 of the drainage structure of the tunnel entrance section is connected with the central ditch inspection well 24 through the transverse water conduit C25, and the longitudinal drainage ditch 22 of the drainage structure of the tunnel body section is connected with the transverse water conduit 10. The central ditch inspection well 24 is connected with the transverse water conduit C25 near the low-lying side of the main tunnel 1, and a ladder steel bar is provided on the well wall on the other side.

[0035] Permeable pipes or 270° perforated drainage pipes are buried in the transverse drainage ditch 21 and the longitudinal drainage ditch 22, and the remaining space in the transverse drainage ditch 21 and the longitudinal drainage ditch 22 is filled with clean gravel. During construction, the 270° perforated drainage pipe can use a φ100mm corrugated pipe, and the groove is filled with 1-2cm of clean gravel. Two permeable pipes or 270° perforated drainage pipes can be set in the longitudinal drainage ditch 22 in the water-rich area.

[0036] See also Figure 2-4 As shown, the transverse water ditches 10 are arranged below the transverse tunnel 3 and the road surface structure at the connection between the main tunnel 1 and the transverse tunnel 3, and the longitudinal spacing thereof is determined by selecting a suitable transverse tunnel 3 according to the amount of water. The transverse water ditches 10 are connected to the service tunnel drainage channel 11 through a gallery-type inspection well 12, and the wellhead of the gallery-type inspection well 12 is arranged in the transverse tunnel 3. A sand settling space is provided at the bottom of the gallery-type inspection well 12, so that the gallery-type inspection well 12 also serves as a sand settling well.

[0037] The upper parts of the central ditch inspection well 24 and the corridor-type inspection well 12 are both provided with insulation materials with a thickness of not less than 30 cm to play a role in insulation.

[0038] For the drainage of tunnels in cold regions, where groundwater may freeze, it is advisable to deeply bury the central ditch 6. Generally speaking, the tunnel entrance is located in an area with low temperature and is prone to freezing. Deeply burying the central ditch 6 within a certain range of the entrance section can play a role in cold protection and heat preservation. For extra-long and ultra-long tunnels, the tunnel body section is relatively less affected by low temperature, and deeply burying the central ditch 6 is difficult to construct and inconvenient to repair and maintain, so it is not advisable to deeply bury the central ditch 6 in the tunnel body section. The present invention arranges drainage structures separately in the entrance section and the tunnel body section, meets the insulation requirements of drainage in cold regions, and can effectively prevent groundwater from seeping into the tunnel and causing freezing disasters.

[0039] Extra-long and super-long tunnels cross large geological areas and have a large total water volume, which requires the tunnel to have strong drainage capacity. The drainage of the main tunnel 1 is limited by the cross-section and longitudinal slope, and the drainage capacity is limited. The service tunnel 2 of the parallel guide tunnel is used to assist the drainage of the main tunnel 1. A larger water-passing space can be set up, and the height difference between the service tunnel 2 and the main tunnel 1 can be used to increase the hydraulic slope, which can enhance the drainage capacity of the main tunnel 1 and make better use of the effectiveness of the service tunnel 2.

[0040] Specifically, in the clean and sewage separation drainage structure of the above-mentioned super-long tunnel, the flow direction of clean water is as follows:

[0041] In the main tunnel entrance section 4, the tunnel lining drainage is collected by the permeable annular drainage pipe 18 to the longitudinal drainage pipe 19 at the bottom of the wall back, and discharged into the central ditch 6 through the transverse water pipe A20; the pavement structure drainage is collected by the transverse drainage ditch 21 set on the top of the pavement cushion layer or the invert filling layer, collected in the longitudinal drainage ditch 22 and discharged into the central ditch 6 through the transverse water pipe C25.

[0042] In the main tunnel section 5, the tunnel lining drainage is collected by the permeable annular drainage pipe 18 to the longitudinal drainage pipe 19 at the bottom of the wall, discharged into the side clear water ditch 9 through the transverse water guide pipe B23 and discharged into the service tunnel drainage channel 11 through the transverse water guide ditch 10; the pavement structure drainage is collected by the transverse drainage ditch 21 set on the top of the pavement cushion layer or the arch filling layer, collected into the longitudinal drainage ditch 22 and discharged into the service tunnel drainage channel 11 through the transverse water guide ditch 10.

[0043] The clean water collected in the central ditch 6 flows into the clean ditch 14 outside the tunnel through the drop well 13, and is collected with the clean water in the service tunnel drainage channel 11 to the deep buried ditch 15 outside the tunnel for centralized discharge.

[0044] Specifically, in the clean and sewage separation drainage structure of the above-mentioned super-long tunnel, the flow direction of sewage is as follows:

[0045] In the main cave 1, sewage is collected into the sewage ditch 16 outside the cave through the side sewage ditch A7 and the side sewage ditch B8, and then introduced into the clean water tank 17 for treatment before discharge or reuse. The clean water tank 17 includes but is not limited to a sedimentation tank, a water collection tank, a filtration tank and a reaction tank.

[0046] During the construction period, the sewage from the service tunnel 2 needs to be collected at the heading and pumped to the side sewage ditch A7 or the side sewage ditch B8 in the main tunnel 1 for discharge; during the operation period, the sewage from the service tunnel 2 is very little and can be directly discharged out of the tunnel through the small side ditch on the road surface.

[0047] Of course, the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of use of the present invention. Therefore, any equivalent changes made to the principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A super-long tunnel cleaning and sewage separation drainage structure suitable for cold regions, characterized by: It includes a drainage structure for the tunnel entrance section and a drainage structure for the tunnel body section arranged in the main tunnel, as well as a clear water ditch outside the main tunnel, a deep-buried ditch outside the tunnel, a sewage ditch outside the tunnel and a clean water pool. The drainage structure for the tunnel entrance section includes a central ditch for discharging clear water and a side sewage ditch A for discharging sewage. The central ditch is deeply buried below the freezing depth of the tunnel entrance section of the main tunnel. One end of the central ditch is located in the main tunnel and is blocked. The other end of the central ditch is located outside the main tunnel and is connected to the clear water ditch outside the tunnel through a drop well. The longitudinal drainage pipe in the tunnel lining of the tunnel entrance section of the main tunnel is connected to the central ditch through a transverse water guide pipe A. The transverse water guide pipe A is arranged at the bottom of the invert. Side sewage ditches A are arranged on both sides of the mouth section. The drainage structure of the tunnel body section includes side sewage ditches for discharging clean water and side sewage ditches B for discharging sewage. Side sewage ditches and side sewage ditches B are arranged on both sides of the main tunnel body section. The side sewage ditches are connected with the drainage channel of the service tunnel through the transverse water guide ditch. The clear water ditch outside the tunnel and the drainage channel of the service tunnel merge into the deep buried ditch outside the tunnel. The longitudinal drainage pipe in the tunnel lining of the main tunnel body section is connected with the side sewage ditch through the transverse water guide pipe B. The side sewage ditches B on both sides of the main tunnel body section are longitudinally connected with the side sewage ditches A on both sides of the main tunnel mouth section and merge into the clean water tank through the sewage ditch outside the tunnel. The tunnel entrance drainage structure and the tunnel body drainage structure both further include a pavement drainage structure, which includes a plurality of transverse drainage ditches arranged in the pavement cushion layer of the main tunnel or on the top of the invert filling layer and a longitudinal drainage ditch arranged on the low-lying side of the main tunnel, wherein the plurality of transverse drainage ditches are all connected to the longitudinal drainage ditch, the longitudinal drainage ditch of the tunnel entrance drainage structure is connected to the central ditch inspection well through the transverse water guide pipe C, and the longitudinal drainage ditch of the tunnel body drainage structure is connected to the transverse water guide ditch; Permeable pipes or 270° perforated drainage pipes are buried in the transverse drainage ditch and the longitudinal drainage ditch, and the remaining space in the transverse drainage ditch and the longitudinal drainage ditch is filled with clean gravel; The transverse water guide ditch is arranged under the pavement structure at the connection between the transverse tunnel and the main tunnel and the transverse tunnel. The transverse water guide ditch is connected to the drainage channel of the service tunnel through a corridor-type inspection well, and the wellhead of the corridor-type inspection well is arranged in the transverse tunnel.

2. According to claim 1, a super-long tunnel cleaning and sewage separation drainage structure suitable for cold regions is characterized by: A sand settling space is provided at the bottom of the gallery-type inspection well.

3. According to claim 1, the ultra-long tunnel cleaning and sewage separation drainage structure suitable for cold regions is characterized by: The upper parts of the central ditch inspection well and the gallery-type inspection well are both provided with insulation material with a thickness of not less than 30 cm.

4. According to claim 1, the ultra-long tunnel cleaning and sewage separation drainage structure suitable for cold regions is characterized by: The side clean water ditch and the side sewage ditch B share an integral cover plate. The body of the side sewage ditch B is a prefabricated reinforced concrete structure. The integral cover plate is located above the side sewage ditch B and is provided with a water collecting groove and a drainage hole. One side of the side clean water ditch shares a prefabricated side wall with the cable ditch, and the other side shares a side wall with the side sewage ditch B. The upper part of the side clean water ditch is provided with insulation material.

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