A dust removal device and method for a comprehensive excavator

Abstract

A dust removal device for a comprehensive excavation machine comprises a comprehensive excavation machine body, a comprehensive excavation machine cutting head, a dust removal fairing, a flexible air duct, a cyclone separator and a first centrifugal fan, wherein the outer circumference of the comprehensive excavation machine cutting head is provided with cutting teeth and guide grooves, the cutting teeth are provided with an internal spray system, the dust removal fairing is arranged at the rear side of the comprehensive excavation machine cutting head, an external spray system is arranged on the surface of the dust removal fairing, the middle part of the rear side of the dust removal fairing is fixedly connected to the front end of the flexible air duct, the front end of the flexible air duct is connected to the recess of the dust removal fairing, the rear end of the flexible air duct is connected to the air inlet of the cyclone separator, and the first centrifugal fan is fixedly installed on the top of the cyclone separator and connected to the cyclone separator through an exhaust pipe. The present invention draws on the dust removal method of industrial boilers, applies cyclone separation to the working process of the comprehensive excavation machine, and simultaneously utilizes the internal spray system and the external spray system to reduce the dust concentration, effectively prevent the particles in the dust from clogging the nozzle, and improve the dust removal effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive excavation machine equipment, and in particular to a dust removal device and method for comprehensive excavation machine. Background Art

[0002] At present, tunnel boring machines are widely used in coal mines, non-ferrous metal mines, and tunnel construction. During the use of tunnel boring machines, a large amount of dust will be generated. Traditional spray dust reduction cannot reduce the dust concentration to the requirements of relevant regulations. Excessive dust concentration affects the physical and mental health of workers, low visibility is not conducive to safe operation, and dust will increase the risk of workers contracting pneumoconiosis. High-concentration dust is also explosive, increasing safety risks.

[0003] At present, the main dust removal method used by tunnel boring machines is a combination of internal and external spraying. Since the particles in coal dust, rock dust and other dust often clog the nozzles, the dust removal effect is poor.

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, people have been seeking an ideal technical solution. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a dust removal device and method for a multi-purpose excavator. The present invention draws on the dust removal method of industrial boilers, applies cyclone separation to the working process of the multi-purpose excavator, and simultaneously utilizes an internal spray system and an external spray system to reduce dust concentration, effectively prevent particles in the dust from clogging the nozzle, and improve the dust removal effect.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A dust removal device for a comprehensive excavator, comprising a comprehensive excavator body, a cutting head of the comprehensive excavator, a dust removal fairing, a flexible air duct, a cyclone separator and a first centrifugal fan, wherein the cutting head of the comprehensive excavator is rotatably mounted on the front end of the comprehensive excavator body through a cutting head connecting shaft, an electromechanical control system is installed inside the comprehensive excavator body, a cutting tooth and a guide groove are arranged on the outer circumference of the cutting head of the comprehensive excavator, an inner spray system for spraying water mist toward the outer circumference is installed on the cutting tooth, and an opening of the dust removal fairing faces forward, The dust removal fairing is arranged on the rear side of the cutting head of the comprehensive excavation machine and is located above the connecting shaft of the cutting head. The diameter of the dust removal fairing is larger than the maximum outer diameter of the cutting head of the comprehensive excavation machine. An external spray system for spraying water mist toward the periphery is arranged on the surface of the dust removal fairing. The middle part of the rear side of the dust removal fairing is fixedly connected to the front end of the flexible air cylinder, the front end of the flexible air cylinder is connected to the recessed part of the dust removal fairing, the rear end of the flexible air cylinder is connected to the air inlet of the cyclone separator, the flexible air cylinder is fixedly connected to the body of the comprehensive excavation machine through a first bracket, the cyclone separator is vertically arranged and fixedly connected to the right side of the body of the comprehensive excavation machine through a second bracket, the first centrifugal fan is fixedly installed on the top of the cyclone separator, the top of the cyclone separator is connected to the exhaust port of the first centrifugal fan through an exhaust pipe, the bottom of the cyclone separator is provided with an ash discharge port with a sealing cover, and the bottom of the cyclone separator is higher than the bottom of the body of the comprehensive excavation machine.

[0008] The dust removal fairing and the flexible air duct are both made of flexible wind cloth. The rear outer surface of the dust removal fairing is connected to a first rigid frame, the outer circumferential surface of the flexible air duct is connected to a second rigid frame, and a storage device for folding the first rigid frame and storing the dust removal fairing is connected between the rear side of the first rigid frame and the front side of the second rigid frame.

[0009] The first rigid skeleton includes a plurality of first main bones and a first ring-shaped bone supporting the dust removal fairing, each of the first main bones is arranged along the front-back direction and is arranged in a circular array about the center line of the dust removal fairing, each of the first main bones is an arc-shaped rod bent forward, the center line of the first ring-shaped bone coincides with the center line of the dust removal fairing, the first ring-shaped bone is fixedly connected to the middle of the rear side of the dust removal fairing, and the rear end of each of the first main bones is hinged to the first ring-shaped bone;

[0010] The second rigid skeleton includes a plurality of second circular bones and a plurality of second main bones for supporting the flexible air duct. The second circular bones are equidistantly and concentrically sleeved on the outer circumference of the flexible air duct. The outer circumference of the flexible air duct is fixedly connected to the inner circle of each second circular bone. The length direction of each second main bone is consistent with the length direction of the flexible air duct. The second main bones are arranged in a circular array about the center line of the flexible air duct. The second main bones are fixedly connected to the outer circle of each second circular bone. The front end of each second main bone is fixedly connected to the outer circle of the first circular bone. The rear middle part of the dust removal fairing is integrally connected to the front end of the flexible air duct.

[0011] The storage device includes a plurality of supporting links, a sliding sleeve and two hydraulic cylinders for driving the sliding sleeve to slide forward and backward. Each supporting link is arranged along the front-to-back direction and corresponds to each first main bone one by one front-to-back. The front end of each supporting link is hinged to the middle part of the corresponding first main bone, and the rear end of each supporting link is hinged to the outer circumference of the sliding sleeve. The sliding sleeve is slidably connected to the front side of each second main bone. The two hydraulic cylinders are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides. The center lines of the two hydraulic cylinders are horizontally arranged along the front-to-back direction. The front ends of the piston rods of the two hydraulic cylinders are respectively hinged to the left and right sides of the sliding sleeve, and the rear ends of the cylinder bodies of the two hydraulic cylinders are respectively hinged to a second main bone on the left and right sides.

[0012] The distance from the first bracket to the front end of the flexible air tube is greater than the length of the first main bone.

[0013] It also includes a dust hood and a rigid air duct. The center line of the dust hood is arranged along the front-back horizontal direction. The opening of the dust hood faces forward. The dust hood is arranged on the rear side of the cutting head of the comprehensive excavator and is located at the lower right part of the cutting head connecting shaft. The rigid air duct is fixedly connected to the right side of the comprehensive excavator body through a third bracket. The middle part of the rear side of the dust hood is fixedly connected to the front end of the rigid air duct. The rear end of the rigid air duct is connected to the air inlet of the cyclone separator. A second centrifugal fan is arranged on the rigid air duct.

[0014] The first bracket, the second bracket and the third bracket are all trusses composed of a plurality of square tubes.

[0015] A method for using a dust removal device for a fully-mechanized excavator comprises the following steps:

[0016] (1) Open the dust removal hood;

[0017] (2) When the excavator starts working, the first centrifugal fan and the second centrifugal fan are started to generate negative pressure airflow inside the cyclone separator and the front end of the rigid wind tube, and the dust is sucked into the cyclone separator through the dust removal fairing, the flexible wind tube, the dust suction hood and the rigid wind tube. The particles in the dust will fall down along the inner wall of the cyclone separator due to the centrifugal force and their own gravity. After each working cycle of the excavator, the sealing cover is opened to clean and discharge the particles at the bottom of the cyclone separator through the dust discharge port, and the purified air is sucked into the first centrifugal fan through the exhaust pipe at the top of the cyclone separator, and then discharged to the outside through the first centrifugal fan;

[0018] (3) When the excavator is working, start the internal spray system and the external spray system so that each nozzle of the internal spray system and the external spray system sprays water mist outward. The water mist contacts the dust and reduces the particle concentration in the dust.

[0019] Step (1) is specifically as follows: the hydraulic system of the tunnel boring machine controls the piston rods of the two hydraulic cylinders to push forward to the limit position, and the piston rods of the two hydraulic cylinders push the sleeve forward. Since the front end of each supporting link is hinged to the middle of the corresponding first main bones, the rear end of each supporting link is hinged to the outer circumference of the sleeve, and the rear end of each first main bone is hinged to the first ring bone, the sleeve will push the rear end of each supporting link to move forward, and each supporting link will push each first main bone to flip forward, so that each first main bone opens the dust removal fairing.

[0020] The present invention has outstanding substantial features and significant progress compared with the prior art. Specifically, the present invention draws on the dust removal method of industrial boilers and applies cyclone dust removal to the working process of the comprehensive excavator. A dust removal fairing and a dust suction hood are arranged on the rear side of the comprehensive excavator cutting head of the comprehensive excavator. The dust removal fairing is located above the cutting head connecting shaft. The concave part of the dust removal fairing is connected to the air inlet of the cyclone separator through a flexible wind tube. The lower side of the flexible wind tube is fixedly connected to the comprehensive excavator body through a first bracket. The cyclone separator is fixedly connected to the comprehensive excavator body through a second bracket. On the right side, the first centrifugal fan is fixedly installed on the top of the cyclone separator, the top of the cyclone separator is connected to the exhaust port of the first centrifugal fan through an exhaust pipe, the dust hood is located at the lower right part of the cutting head connecting shaft, the rigid wind tube is fixedly connected to the right side of the comprehensive excavation machine body through the third bracket, the rear middle part of the dust hood is fixedly connected to the front end of the rigid wind tube, the concave part of the dust hood is communicated with the front end of the rigid wind tube, the rear end of the rigid wind tube is connected to the air inlet of the cyclone separator, and the second centrifugal fan is arranged on the rigid wind tube. When the comprehensive excavation machine is working, the first centrifugal fan is started. The first centrifugal fan and the second centrifugal fan generate negative pressure airflow inside the cyclone separator and the front end of the rigid wind tube, and the dust is sucked into the cyclone separator through the dust collection fairing, the flexible wind tube, the dust collection hood and the rigid wind tube. The particles in the dust will fall down along the inner wall of the cyclone separator due to the centrifugal force and its own gravity in the cyclone separator. After each working cycle of the excavator, the sealing cover is opened to clean and discharge the particles at the bottom of the cyclone separator through the dust discharge port, and the purified air is sucked into the first exhaust pipe at the top of the cyclone separator. The dust is then discharged to the outside through the first centrifugal fan. At the same time, an internal spray system that sprays toward the periphery is installed on the cutting teeth of the cutting head of the comprehensive excavator, and an external spray system is installed on the rear outer surface of the dust removal fairing. In this way, the negative pressure wind flow generated by the first centrifugal fan and the second centrifugal fan can suck the dust into the cyclone separator, effectively preventing the particles in the dust from clogging the nozzles. The high-pressure nozzles of the internal spray system and the external spray system spray water mist outward, and the water mist contacts the dust to reduce the particle concentration in the dust and improve the dust removal effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the top structure of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 It is a rear view structural schematic diagram of the dust removal fairing of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The embodiments of the present invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] like Figure 1-3 As shown, a dust removal device for a comprehensive excavator comprises a comprehensive excavator body 1, a comprehensive excavator cutting head 2, a dust removal fairing 3, a flexible air duct 4, a cyclone separator 5 and a first centrifugal fan 6. The comprehensive excavator cutting head 2 is rotatably mounted on the front end of the comprehensive excavator body 1 through a cutting head connecting shaft 7. The outer circumference of the comprehensive excavator cutting head 2 is provided with a cutting tooth 8 and a guide groove 9. The cutting tooth 8 is provided with an internal spray system for spraying water mist toward the outer circumference. The opening of the dust removal fairing 3 faces forward. The dust removal fairing 3 is arranged on the rear side of the cutting head 2 of the comprehensive excavation machine and is located above the cutting head connecting shaft 7. The diameter of the dust removal fairing 3 is larger than the maximum outer diameter of the cutting head 2 of the comprehensive excavation machine. An external spray system for spraying water mist toward the periphery is arranged on the surface of the dust removal fairing 3. The middle part of the rear side of the dust removal fairing 3 is fixedly connected to the front end of the flexible wind tube 4. The front end of the flexible wind tube 4 is communicated with the recessed part of the dust removal fairing 3. The rear end of the flexible wind tube 4 is connected to the air inlet of the cyclone separator 5. The flexible wind tube 4 is fixedly connected to the comprehensive excavation machine body 1 through the first bracket 10. The cyclone separator 5 is vertically arranged and fixedly connected to the right side of the comprehensive excavation machine body 1 through the second bracket 11. The first centrifugal fan 6 is fixedly installed on the top of the cyclone separator 5. The top of the cyclone separator 5 is connected to the exhaust port of the first centrifugal fan 6 through the exhaust pipe 12. The bottom of the cyclone separator 5 is provided with an ash discharge port with a sealing cover, and the bottom of the cyclone separator 5 is higher than the bottom of the comprehensive excavation machine body 1.

[0026] The dust removal fairing 3 and the flexible air duct 4 are both made of flexible wind cloth. The rear outer surface of the dust removal fairing 3 is connected to a first rigid frame, and the outer circumferential surface of the flexible air duct 4 is connected to a second rigid frame. A storage device for folding the first rigid frame and storing the dust removal fairing 3 is connected between the rear side of the first rigid frame and the front side of the second rigid frame.

[0027] The first rigid skeleton includes a plurality of first main bones 13 and a first ring-shaped bone 14 for supporting the dust removal fairing 3. Each of the first main bones 13 is arranged in the front-to-back direction and is arranged in a circular array about the center line of the dust removal fairing 3. Each of the first main bones 13 is an arc-shaped rod bent forward. The center line of the first ring-shaped bone 14 coincides with the center line of the dust removal fairing 3. The first ring-shaped bone 14 is fixedly connected to the middle of the rear side of the dust removal fairing 3. The rear ends of each of the first main bones 13 are hinged to the first ring-shaped bone 14.

[0028] The second rigid skeleton includes a plurality of second circular bones 15 and a plurality of second main bones 16 for supporting the flexible wind tube 4. Each second circular bone 15 is equidistantly and concentrically sleeved on the outer circumference of the flexible wind tube 4. The outer circumference of the flexible wind tube 4 is fixedly connected to the inner circle of each second circular bone 15. The length direction of each second main bone 16 is consistent with the length direction of the flexible wind tube 4. Each second main bone 16 is arranged in a circular array about the center line of the flexible wind tube 4. Each second main bone 16 is fixedly connected to the outer circle of each second circular bone. The front end of each second main bone 16 is fixedly connected to the outer circle of the first circular bone 14. The middle part of the rear side of the dust removal fairing 3 is integrally connected to the front end of the flexible wind tube 4.

[0029] The storage device includes a plurality of supporting links 17, a sleeve 18 and two hydraulic cylinders 19 for driving the sleeve 18 to slide forward and backward. Each supporting link 17 is arranged along the front-to-back direction and corresponds to each first main bone 13 one by one. The front end of each supporting link 17 is hinged to the middle part of the corresponding first main bone 13, and the rear end of each supporting link 17 is hinged to the outer circumference of the sleeve 18. The sleeve 18 is slidably sleeved on the front side of each second main bone 16. The two hydraulic cylinders 19 are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides. The center lines of the two hydraulic cylinders 19 are horizontally arranged along the front-to-back direction. The front ends of the piston rods of the two hydraulic cylinders 19 are respectively hinged to the left and right sides of the sleeve 18, and the rear ends of the cylinder bodies of the two hydraulic cylinders 19 are respectively hinged to a second main bone 16 on the left and right sides.

[0030] The internal spray system is a structure that comes with the multi-purpose excavator, and the specific structure will not be described in detail. The external spray system is a plurality of high-pressure nozzles arranged on each first main bone 13, and the high-pressure nozzles are connected to the water pipes in the coal mine through a clean water pipe (arranged outside the flexible wind tube 4 and arranged along the length direction of the flexible wind tube 4). A high-pressure water pump is arranged on the clean water pipe, and the high-pressure water pump is driven by an explosion-proof variable frequency motor.

[0031] The distance from the first bracket 10 to the front end of the flexible wind tube 4 is greater than the length of the first main bone 13 .

[0032] It also includes a dust hood 20 and a rigid air cylinder 21. The center line of the dust hood 20 is arranged along the front-to-back horizontal direction, the opening of the dust hood 20 faces forward, the dust hood 20 is arranged on the rear side of the cutting head 2 of the comprehensive excavation machine and is located at the lower right part of the cutting head connecting shaft 7, the rigid air cylinder 21 is fixedly connected to the right side of the comprehensive excavation machine body 1 through the third bracket 22, the middle part of the rear side of the dust hood 20 is fixedly connected to the front end of the rigid air cylinder 21, the recessed part of the dust hood 20 is connected to the front end of the rigid air cylinder 21, the rear end of the rigid air cylinder 21 is connected to the air inlet of the cyclone separator 5, and a second centrifugal fan 23 is arranged on the rigid air cylinder 21.

[0033] The first bracket 10 , the second bracket 11 and the third bracket 22 are all trusses composed of a plurality of square tubes.

[0034] The internal spray system, the external spray system, the ash discharge port, the sealing cover, the high-pressure nozzle, the clean water pipe and the high-pressure water pump are all existing mature technologies and are not shown in the figure. The comprehensive excavation machine is an existing device, and the present invention does not improve the comprehensive excavation machine. The power of the first centrifugal fan 6 and the second centrifugal fan 23 are both provided by the power of the comprehensive excavation machine, and the hydraulic power of the two hydraulic cylinders 19 is provided by the hydraulic system of the comprehensive excavation machine.

[0035] The dust removal fairing 3 and the first rigid frame form a structure similar to an umbrella. Unlike an umbrella, the first rigid frame in the present invention is arranged on the outside of the dust removal fairing 3. Driven by the hydraulic cylinder 19, when the dust removal fairing 3 is unfolded, it is like an umbrella being opened in reverse during strong winds.

[0036] A dust removal method for a dust removal device of a comprehensive excavator, comprising the following steps:

[0037] (1) Open the dust removal fairing 3;

[0038] (2) When the excavator starts working, the first centrifugal fan 6 and the second centrifugal fan 23 are started to generate negative pressure airflow inside the cyclone separator 5 and the front end of the rigid wind tube 21 ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 The middle arrow indicates the direction of negative pressure air flow), the dust is sucked into the cyclone separator 5 through the dust removal fairing 3, the flexible wind tube 4, the dust collection cover 20 and the rigid wind tube 21, and the particles in the dust will fall down along the inner wall of the cyclone separator 5 due to the centrifugal force and its own gravity in the cyclone separator 5. After each working cycle of the excavator, the sealing cover is opened, and the particles at the bottom of the cyclone separator 5 are cleaned and discharged through the dust discharge port, and the purified air is sucked into the first centrifugal fan 6 through the exhaust pipe 12 at the top of the cyclone separator 5, and then discharged to the outside through the first centrifugal fan 6;

[0039] (3) When the excavator is working, start the internal spray system and the external spray system, so that each high-pressure nozzle of the internal spray system and the external spray system sprays water mist outward. The water mist contacts the dust and reduces the particle concentration in the dust.

[0040] Step (1) is specifically as follows: the hydraulic system of the tunnel boring machine controls the piston rods of the two hydraulic cylinders 19 to be pushed forward to the limit position, and the piston rods of the two hydraulic cylinders 19 push the sleeve 18 forward. Since the front end of each supporting link 17 is hinged to the middle of the corresponding first main bones 13, the rear end of each supporting link 17 is hinged to the outer circumference of the sleeve 18, and the rear end of each first main bone 13 is hinged to the first ring bone 14, the sleeve 18 will push the rear end of each supporting link 17 to move forward, and each supporting link 17 will push each first main bone 13 to flip forward, so that each first main bone 13 opens the dust removal fairing 3.

[0041] When the cutting head of the tunnel boring machine cuts the upper edge of the coal wall or rock wall, the piston rods of the two hydraulic cylinders 19 retract backwards, thereby causing the dust collecting hood 3 to be retracted backwards to avoid contact between the dust collecting hood 3 and the upper edge of the coal wall or rock wall. During blasting operations or passing through areas with complex geological conditions, the dust collecting hood 3 should also be retracted to protect the dust collecting hood 3 and prevent it from being damaged.

[0042] The present invention refers to the dust removal method of industrial boilers and applies cyclone dust removal to the working process of the excavator. A dust removal fairing 3 and a dust suction hood 20 are arranged on the rear side of the excavator cutting head 2 of the excavator. The dust removal fairing 3 is located above the cutting head connecting shaft 7. The concave part of the dust removal fairing 3 is connected to the air inlet of the cyclone separator 5 through the flexible wind tube 4. The lower side of the flexible wind tube 4 is fixedly connected to the excavator body 1 through the first bracket 10. The cyclone separator 5 is fixedly connected to the right side of the excavator body 1 through the second bracket 11. The first centrifugal fan 6 is fixedly installed on the top of the cyclone separator 5. The top of the cyclone separator 5 is connected to the exhaust port of the first centrifugal fan 6 through the exhaust pipe 12. The dust cover 20 is located at the lower right part of the cutting head connecting shaft 7. The rigid wind tube 21 is fixedly connected to the right side of the comprehensive excavation machine body 1 through the third bracket 22. The middle part of the rear side of the dust cover 20 is fixedly connected to the front end of the rigid wind tube 21. The concave part of the dust cover 20 is connected to the front end of the rigid wind tube 21. The rear end of the rigid wind tube 21 is connected to the air inlet of the cyclone separator 5. The rigid wind tube 21 is provided with a second centrifugal fan 23. When the comprehensive excavation machine is working, the first centrifugal fan 6 and the second centrifugal fan 23 are started. The second centrifugal fan 23 and the rigid wind tube 21 generate negative pressure airflow inside the cyclone separator 5 and the front end of the rigid wind tube 21, and the dust is sucked into the cyclone separator 5 through the dust removal fairing 3, the flexible wind tube 4, the dust collection cover 20 and the rigid wind tube 21. The particles in the dust will fall down along the inner wall of the cyclone separator 5 due to the centrifugal force and its own gravity in the cyclone separator 5. After each working cycle of the excavator, the sealing cover is opened, and the particles at the bottom of the cyclone separator 5 are cleaned and discharged through the dust discharge port, and the purified air is sucked out through the exhaust pipe 12 at the top of the cyclone separator 5. The dust enters the first centrifugal fan 6 and is then discharged to the outside through the first centrifugal fan 6. At the same time, an internal spray system for spraying toward the periphery is installed on the cutting tooth 8 of the cutting head 2 of the comprehensive excavator, and an external spray system is installed on the rear outer surface of the dust removal fairing 3. In this way, the negative pressure wind flow generated by the first centrifugal fan 6 and the second centrifugal fan 23 can suck the dust into the cyclone separator 5, effectively preventing the particles in the dust from clogging the nozzles. The high-pressure nozzles of the internal spray system and the external spray system spray water mist outward, and the water mist contacts the dust, thereby reducing the particle concentration in the dust and improving the dust removal effect.

[0043] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate rather than limit the technical solutions of the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention can still be modified or replaced by equivalents. Any modification or partial replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dust removal device for a comprehensive excavator, comprising a comprehensive excavator body and a cutting head of the comprehensive excavator, wherein the cutting head of the comprehensive excavator is rotatably mounted on the front end of the comprehensive excavator body through a cutting head connecting shaft, a cutting tooth and a guide groove are arranged on the outer circumference of the cutting tooth, and an internal spray system for spraying water mist toward the outer circumference is installed on the cutting tooth, characterized in that: A dust collecting fairing, a flexible air cylinder, a cyclone separator and a first centrifugal fan, wherein the opening of the dust collecting fairing faces forward, the dust collecting fairing is arranged at the rear side of the cutting head of the comprehensive excavation machine and is located above the connecting shaft of the cutting head, the diameter of the dust collecting fairing is larger than the maximum outer diameter of the cutting head of the comprehensive excavation machine, an external spray system for spraying water mist toward the periphery is arranged on the surface of the dust collecting fairing, the middle part of the rear side of the dust collecting fairing is fixedly connected to the front end of the flexible air cylinder, the front end of the flexible air cylinder is communicated with the recessed part of the dust collecting fairing, the rear end of the flexible air cylinder is connected to the air inlet of the cyclone separator, the flexible air cylinder is fixedly connected to the body of the comprehensive excavation machine through a first bracket, the cyclone separator is vertically arranged and fixedly connected to the right side of the body of the comprehensive excavation machine through a second bracket, the first centrifugal fan is fixedly installed on the top of the cyclone separator, the top of the cyclone separator is connected to the exhaust port of the first centrifugal fan through an exhaust pipe, the bottom of the cyclone separator is provided with an ash discharge port with a sealing cover, and the bottom of the cyclone separator is higher than the bottom of the body of the comprehensive excavation machine; The dust removal fairing and the flexible wind tube are both made of flexible wind cloth, the rear outer surface of the dust removal fairing is connected with a first rigid frame, the outer circumferential surface of the flexible wind tube is connected with a second rigid frame, and a storage device for folding the first rigid frame and storing the dust removal fairing is connected between the rear side of the first rigid frame and the front side of the second rigid frame; The first rigid skeleton includes a plurality of first main bones and a first ring-shaped bone supporting the dust removal fairing, each of the first main bones is arranged along the front-back direction and is arranged in a circular array about the center line of the dust removal fairing, each of the first main bones is an arc-shaped rod bent forward, the center line of the first ring-shaped bone coincides with the center line of the dust removal fairing, the first ring-shaped bone is fixedly connected to the middle of the rear side of the dust removal fairing, and the rear end of each of the first main bones is hinged to the first ring-shaped bone; The second rigid skeleton includes a plurality of second circular bones and a plurality of second main bones for supporting the flexible wind tube, each second circular bone is sleeved on the outer circumference of the flexible wind tube at equal intervals and the same center, the outer circumference of the flexible wind tube is fixedly connected to the inner circle of each second circular bone, the length direction of each second main bone is consistent with the length direction of the flexible wind tube, each second main bone is arranged in a circular array about the center line of the flexible wind tube, each second main bone is fixedly connected to the outer circle of each second circular bone, the front end of each second main bone is fixedly connected to the outer circle of the first circular bone, and the rear middle part of the dust removal fairing is integrally connected to the front end of the flexible wind tube; The storage device includes a plurality of supporting links, a sliding sleeve, and two hydraulic cylinders for driving the sliding sleeve to slide forward and backward. Each supporting link is arranged along the front-back direction and corresponds to each first main bone one by one. The front end of each supporting link is hinged to the middle of the corresponding first main bone, and the rear end of each supporting link is hinged to the outer circumference of the sliding sleeve. The sliding sleeve is slidably sleeved on the front side of each second main bone. The two hydraulic cylinders are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides. The center lines of the two hydraulic cylinders are horizontally arranged along the front-back direction. The front ends of the piston rods of the two hydraulic cylinders are respectively hinged to the left and right sides of the sliding sleeve, and the rear ends of the cylinder bodies of the two hydraulic cylinders are respectively hinged to a second main bone on the left and right sides. It also includes a dust hood and a rigid air duct. The center line of the dust hood is set along the front-to-back horizontal direction, the opening of the dust hood faces forward, the dust hood is set on the rear side of the cutting head of the comprehensive excavation machine and is located at the lower right part of the cutting head connecting shaft, the rigid air duct is fixedly connected to the right side of the comprehensive excavation machine body through a third bracket, the middle part of the rear side of the dust hood is fixedly connected to the front end of the rigid air duct, the rear end of the rigid air duct is connected to the air inlet of the cyclone separator, and a second centrifugal fan is arranged on the rigid air duct.

2. The dust removal device for a multi-purpose excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance from the first bracket to the front end of the flexible air tube is greater than the length of the first main bone.

3. The dust removal device for a multi-purpose excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first bracket, the second bracket and the third bracket are all trusses composed of a plurality of square tubes.

4. The dust removal method for a dust removal device for a multi-purpose excavator according to claim 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Open the dust removal hood; (2) When the excavator starts working, the first centrifugal fan and the second centrifugal fan are started to generate negative pressure airflow inside the cyclone separator and the front end of the rigid wind tube, and the dust is sucked into the cyclone separator through the dust removal fairing, the flexible wind tube, the dust suction hood and the rigid wind tube. The particles in the dust will fall down along the inner wall of the cyclone separator due to the centrifugal force and their own gravity. After each working cycle of the excavator, the sealing cover is opened to clean and discharge the particles at the bottom of the cyclone separator through the dust discharge port, and the purified air is sucked into the first centrifugal fan through the exhaust pipe at the top of the cyclone separator, and then discharged to the outside through the first centrifugal fan; (3) When the excavator is working, start the internal spray system and the external spray system, so that each high-pressure nozzle of the internal spray system and the external spray system sprays water mist outward. The water mist contacts the dust and reduces the particle concentration in the dust.

5. The method for using the dust removal device for a multi-purpose excavator according to claim 4, characterized in that: Step (1) is specifically as follows: the hydraulic system of the tunnel boring machine controls the piston rods of the two hydraulic cylinders to push forward to the limit position, and the piston rods of the two hydraulic cylinders push the sleeve forward. Since the front end of each supporting link is hinged to the middle of the corresponding first main bones, the rear end of each supporting link is hinged to the outer circumference of the sleeve, and the rear end of each first main bone is hinged to the first ring bone, the sleeve will push the rear end of each supporting link to move forward, and each supporting link will push each first main bone to flip forward, so that each first main bone opens the dust removal fairing.

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