Mold spraying equipment and mold spraying process

Abstract

The present invention discloses a tunnel mold spraying equipment and a mold spraying method, which belong to the technical field of tunnel construction. The tunnel mold spraying equipment of the present invention includes a nozzle assembly, a template mechanism and a spraying system. During the tunnel construction process, the template mechanism cooperates with the tunnel excavation rock surface to form a mold cavity, and the nozzle assembly is placed above the mold cavity and the nozzle faces the mold cavity; the nozzle assembly is connected to the spraying system, and the concrete filled with the quick-setting agent is pumped to the nozzle assembly, and the nozzle assembly sprays the concrete into the mold cavity at an angle that is not perpendicular to the rock surface, so that the concrete solidifies in the mold cavity to form a supporting layer. The present invention effectively avoids the problem of concrete rebound during the spraying process and improves the environmental quality of the construction site.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of tunnel construction, in particular to a tunnel mold spraying equipment. Background Art

[0002] In the initial support construction of the tunnel, the construction method of directly spraying concrete on the excavation surface is adopted, and the spraying concrete method is divided into two types: mechanical arm spraying and manual spraying. The current direct spraying concrete construction method has the following disadvantages:

[0003] The rebound rate is high. Currently, there is 20%-40% rebound during the construction process, and the rebound material can no longer be recycled, causing great waste. This is the main reason for the high construction cost.

[0004] The amount of accelerator used is large. The construction method of direct shotcrete requires that the concrete needs to be bonded to the excavation surface in a very short time after contacting the excavation surface, and it must be ensured that it does not fall off after bonding. Ordinary concrete cannot meet the construction requirements. At this time, it is necessary to add accelerator to the plain concrete to achieve the requirement of concrete solidification in a short time. The amount of accelerator used is large, which also increases the construction cost.

[0005] The surface finish of the molding is poor. The surface of the direct shotcrete construction method is uneven and has poor finish after molding. Before the next construction process, the surface needs to be reshaped to meet the construction requirements. This undoubtedly increases the construction process, prolongs the construction period, and increases the construction cost.

[0006] The construction safety is poor. During manual spraying, the operator will be working under the unsupported surface, and there is a risk of being hit by falling rocks and falling concrete. In addition, the accelerator is a chemical reagent. During manual spraying, the operator is close to the nozzle, and long-term operation will cause harm to the operator's health. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tunnel spraying equipment to solve the above-mentioned problems, mainly to solve the problems of mechanization, standardization and regularization of initial support during tunnel construction; effectively avoid the problem of concrete rebound during the spraying process and improve the environmental quality of the construction site.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0009] The tunnel mold spraying equipment of the present invention comprises a nozzle assembly, a template mechanism and a spraying system. During the tunnel construction process, the template mechanism cooperates with the tunnel excavation rock surface to form a mold cavity, the nozzle assembly is placed above the mold cavity and the nozzle faces the mold cavity; the nozzle assembly is connected to the spraying system, and concrete filled with a quick-setting agent is pumped to the nozzle assembly. The nozzle assembly sprays the concrete into the mold cavity at an angle that is not perpendicular to the rock surface, so that the concrete solidifies in the mold cavity to form a supporting layer.

[0010] The tunnel mold spraying equipment of the present invention, the nozzle assembly is arranged on the nozzle fine-tuning mechanism, and the nozzle fine-tuning mechanism adjusts the pitch angle and / or rotation angle, or three-dimensional angle of the nozzle assembly; the nozzle fine-tuning mechanism is arranged on the nozzle displacement mechanism; the nozzle displacement mechanism controls the displacement of the nozzle assembly in space.

[0011] The tunnel form spraying equipment of the present invention, the spraying system includes a concrete pumping mechanism, an accelerator pumping mechanism, a compressed air supply device and a material mixer; the concrete pumping mechanism is connected to the material mixer to feed concrete into the material mixer; the accelerator pumping mechanism is connected to the material mixer to feed the accelerator into the material mixer to mix with concrete; the compressed air supply device is connected to the material mixer to feed compressed air into the material mixer; the material mixer is provided with a nozzle assembly.

[0012] The tunnel mold spraying equipment of the present invention has a mold adjustment mechanism on the mold mechanism, which adjusts the distance between the mold and the rock surface, adjusts the pitch angle and / or rotation angle, or three-dimensional angle of the mold mechanism, so that a mold cavity / demolding is formed between the mold mechanism and the rock surface.

[0013] In the tunnel mold spraying equipment of the present invention, the nozzle displacement mechanism and / or the template fine-tuning mechanism are arranged on the supporting mechanism, and the supporting mechanism can drive the template mechanism and / or the nozzle assembly to approach / move away from the rock excavation surface.

[0014] The tunnel mold spraying equipment of the present invention is provided with a steel arch frame on the tunnel excavation rock surface, and the template mechanism, the steel arch frame and the excavation rock surface cooperate to form a mold cavity; or the tunnel excavation rock surface is not provided with a mold cavity, and the template mechanism and the excavation rock surface directly cooperate to form a mold cavity; the concrete is sprayed into the mold cavity from the top of the mold cavity through the nozzle assembly by the injection system, and solidified in the mold cavity to form a supporting layer.

[0015] The tunnel spraying equipment of the present invention has a plurality of steel arch frames arranged in parallel and at intervals in the length direction of the tunnel, the steel arch frames are arranged in an arch shape on the tunnel rock wall, and concrete is sprayed on the tunnel rock wall between any adjacent steel arch frames to form a supporting layer, the supporting layer is an arch structure formed by a plurality of supporting blocks connected in sequence; both sides of the supporting layer are respectively bonded to the steel arch frames, the surface of the supporting layer is an arc surface with the same arc as the steel arch frames, and the surface of the supporting layer is flat.

[0016] The tunnel mold spraying equipment of the present invention, the supporting mechanism is configured as a supporting arm frame, and the supporting arm frame is configured as a large arm, a large arm and an auxiliary arm, two arms, three arms or a frame-type arm frame structure, wherein the template mechanism and the nozzle assembly are arranged on the supporting arm frame.

[0017] The tunnel mold spraying equipment of the present invention, the support arm frame is configured as a large arm, the support arm frame is configured as a telescopic arm structure or a folding arm structure, a wet spraying forearm is provided on the end of the support arm frame, and a template mechanism is provided on the end of the wet spraying forearm; a nozzle displacement mechanism is provided on the wet spraying forearm, a nozzle fine-tuning mechanism is provided on the nozzle displacement mechanism, and a nozzle assembly is provided on the nozzle fine-tuning mechanism to adjust the spatial displacement, angle and direction of the nozzle assembly

[0018] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0019] The tunnel spraying equipment and method of the present invention realize the spraying operation of the tunnel support layer. Compared with the traditional wet spraying manipulator, it can achieve zero rebound. Within the same operating range, the amount of concrete can be reduced by 20%-40%, and the amount of accelerator is reduced at the same time, with significant economic and social benefits; the surface finish is high, no post-shaping is required, the construction period is shortened, and the production efficiency is greatly improved; the construction safety is good, and the mechanical construction can be remotely controlled throughout the process, which greatly improves the construction safety and reduces the possibility of occupational hazards.

[0020] The tunnel mold spraying equipment and method of the present invention can adaptively adjust and control the displacement, angle, direction, height and other aspects of the nozzle assembly based on the actual situation of the mold cavity between the template structure and the excavated rock wall, so as to meet the control requirements of the nozzle assembly during on-site construction.

[0021] The tunnel spraying equipment and method of the present invention can synchronously move and rotate the nozzle assembly and the template mechanism as a whole, thereby greatly increasing the coordination between the template mechanism and the nozzle assembly during the spraying process, reducing the difficulty of control and improving the accuracy of control; ensuring that the spraying operation can be realized, and improving the construction efficiency and quality of the initial support spraying of the tunnel.

[0022] The tunnel spraying equipment and method of the present invention, the spraying material injection system can make the concrete and the quick-setting agent mix quickly, fully and evenly; then the mixed concrete can be sprayed into the mold cavity to quickly form a supporting layer, so as to achieve the purpose of quickly reinforcing the tunnel rock wall. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the whole vehicle when the mold spraying equipment is a trolley;

[0025] Figure 2 It is the connection diagram of the nozzle fine adjustment mechanism;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the drive structure of the nozzle fixing seat;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the nozzle moving assembly mechanism;

[0028] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the nozzle lateral movement arm and the forearm mechanism;

[0029] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the forearm mechanism;

[0030] Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the forearm mechanism;

[0031] Figure 8 It is a top view of the forearm mechanism;

[0032] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the rotation mechanism of the forearm mechanism;

[0033] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the big arm turntable of the big arm mechanism;

[0034] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the horizontal rotation assembly of the boom turntable;

[0035] Fig.12 This is the rear view of the boom turntable;

[0036] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the turntable vertical plate of the big arm turntable;

[0037] Fig.14 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the slewing arm and the moving assembly mechanism;

[0038] Fig.15 It is a schematic diagram of the slewing arm;

[0039] Fig.16 This is a partial enlarged view of the slewing arm;

[0040] Fig.17 Schematic diagram of the template structure Figure 1 ;

[0041] Fig.18 Schematic diagram of the template structure Figure 2 ;

[0042] Fig.19 For template Figure 1 ;

[0043] Fig. 20 For template Figure 2 ;

[0044] Fig.21 It is a schematic diagram of the position of the nozzle assembly at the entrance of the mold cavity;

[0045] Figure 22-23 It is a structural diagram of the material injection system;

[0046] Fig.24 It is a structural diagram of a feeding pipe consisting of a variable diameter hard pipe and a non-variable diameter hard pipe;

[0047] Figure 25-28 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement position of the quick-setting agent filling port on the material mixer;

[0048] Figure 29-41 It is a structural diagram of the combined template mechanism;

[0049] Figure 42-50 It is the structure diagram of electromagnetic template mechanism;

[0050] Figures 51-56 It is the structural diagram of the belt template mechanism;

[0051] Figures 57-60 Schematic diagram of the pump tube guide mechanism structure

[0052] Fig.61 This is a diagram of the nozzle assembly structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] All features disclosed in this specification, or steps in all methods or processes disclosed, except mutually exclusive features and / or steps, can be combined in any manner.

[0054] Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any additional claims and abstract), unless otherwise stated, may be replaced by other alternative features that are equivalent or have similar purposes. That is, unless otherwise stated, each feature is only an example of a series of equivalent or similar features.

[0055] The overall concept of the tunnel mold spraying equipment of the present invention is to form a mold cavity on the excavated rock surface through a template mechanism, and then spray concrete into the mold cavity to make the concrete solidify rapidly in the mold cavity to form an initial support layer.

[0056] Therefore, the tunnel mold spraying equipment of the present invention includes a nozzle assembly, a template mechanism and an injection system. During the tunnel construction process, the template mechanism cooperates with the tunnel excavation rock surface to form a mold cavity, and the nozzle assembly is placed above the mold cavity with the nozzle facing the mold cavity; the nozzle assembly is connected to the injection system, and the concrete filled with the accelerator is pumped to the nozzle assembly. The nozzle assembly sprays the concrete into the mold cavity at an angle that is not perpendicular to the rock surface, so that the concrete solidifies in the mold cavity to form a support layer.

[0057] The nozzle assembly is arranged on a nozzle fine-tuning mechanism, and the nozzle fine-tuning mechanism adjusts the pitch angle and / or rotation angle, or three-dimensional angle of the nozzle assembly; the nozzle fine-tuning mechanism is arranged on a nozzle displacement mechanism; and the nozzle displacement mechanism controls the displacement of the nozzle assembly in space.

[0058] The injection system includes a concrete pumping mechanism, an accelerator pumping mechanism, a compressed air supply device and a material mixer; the concrete pumping mechanism is connected to the material mixer to deliver concrete into the material mixer; the accelerator pumping mechanism is connected to the material mixer to deliver the accelerator into the material mixer to mix with concrete; the compressed air supply device is connected to the material mixer to deliver compressed air into the material mixer; a nozzle assembly is provided on the material mixer.

[0059] The template mechanism is provided with a template adjustment mechanism, which adjusts the distance between the template and the rock surface, and adjusts the pitch angle and / or rotation angle, or three-dimensional angle of the template mechanism, so that a mold cavity / demolding is formed between the template mechanism and the rock surface. The nozzle displacement mechanism and / or template fine-tuning mechanism are arranged on the support mechanism, and the support mechanism can drive the template mechanism and / or the nozzle assembly to approach / move away from the excavation rock surface.

[0060] A steel arch frame is provided on the tunnel excavation rock surface, and the formwork mechanism, the steel arch frame and the excavation rock surface cooperate to form a mold cavity; or no mold cavity is provided in the tunnel excavation rock surface, and the formwork mechanism and the excavation rock surface directly cooperate to form a mold cavity; the concrete is sprayed into the mold cavity from the top of the mold cavity through the nozzle assembly by the injection system, and solidifies in the mold cavity to form a support layer.

[0061] A plurality of steel arch frames are arranged in parallel and at intervals in the length direction of the tunnel. The steel arch frames are arranged in an arch shape on the tunnel rock wall, and concrete is sprayed on the tunnel rock wall between any adjacent steel arch frames to form a supporting layer. The supporting layer is an arch structure formed by a plurality of supporting blocks connected in sequence. Both sides of the supporting layer are respectively bonded to the steel arch frames, and the surface of the supporting layer is an arc surface with the same curvature as the steel arch frames, and the surface of the supporting layer is flat.

[0062] A control system is also provided, which includes a template adjustment module, a nozzle fine-tuning module, a nozzle displacement module, an injection module and a control module; wherein the template adjustment module is used to receive the template adjustment signal sent by the control module, and control the rotation and pitch angle of the template / template mechanism, so as to control the formation of a mold cavity / demolding between the template mechanism and the rock surface; the nozzle displacement module is used to receive the injection displacement signal sent by the control module, control the displacement of the nozzle in the horizontal and longitudinal directions, and adjust the nozzle to the top of the mold cavity; the nozzle fine-tuning module is used to receive the template fine-tuning signal sent by the control module, and control the rotation and pitch angle of the nozzle / nozzle assembly, so as to control the angle / direction of the nozzle, and ensure that the concrete sprayed by the nozzle is not perpendicular to the rock surface; the injection module is used to receive the injection signal sent by the control module, and control the mixing and pumping of concrete and quick-setting agent; the control module is used to control the operation of each module of the entire system, and the control module can be connected to the remote control terminal in a wireless / wired manner, receive the control signal of the remote control terminal, and send control signals to each module respectively.

[0063] The tunnel mold spraying equipment of the present invention is used to prepare the initial support layer of the tunnel, which specifically involves a tunnel, including a plurality of steel arch frames arranged in parallel at intervals in the length direction of the tunnel, the steel arch frames are arranged in an arch shape on the tunnel rock wall, used to support the tunnel rock wall, and concrete is sprayed on the tunnel rock wall between any adjacent steel arch frames to form a support layer, the support layer is an arch structure formed by connecting a plurality of support blocks in sequence; the two sides of the support layer are respectively bonded to the steel arch frames, the surface of the support layer is an arc surface with the same curvature as the steel arch frame, and the surface of the support layer is flat. The combination of concrete and steel support frames can ensure the structural strength of the initial support layer, and at the same time, the surface of the initial support layer is flat, which can facilitate the spraying of the secondary support layer on the surface of the primary support layer, facilitate the bonding of the concrete of the secondary support layer, make the thickness distribution of the secondary support layer more uniform, and be beneficial to the bearing capacity of the secondary support layer; at the same time, it avoids knocking off the unevenness of the initial support layer when setting the secondary support layer, and avoids damage to the initial support layer, which affects the bearing capacity of the initial support layer. Since the overall construction of the primary support layer is very difficult, and it is difficult to ensure that the entire surface of the primary support layer is flat during the overall construction; therefore, in the present invention, the supporting layer is connected by a number of supporting blocks, which facilitates the construction of the primary support layer, and by ensuring that the surface of each supporting block is flat through separate construction, the surface flatness of the entire supporting layer can be further ensured.

[0064] The support layer includes a side wall support block and a top support block; wherein the top support block is located in the middle area of ​​the tunnel top; the side wall support block is located on the side wall of the tunnel, and is connected to the top support block in the middle area of ​​the tunnel top to form a whole; the side wall support blocks are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the top support block. The tunnel sidewall is arranged with several sections of side wall support blocks, so that the side wall support blocks extend and connect from the bottom of the tunnel sidewall to the middle area of ​​the tunnel top. Due to the special structure of the tunnel top, the top support block is not easy to construct; therefore, side wall support blocks are first set on both sides of the tunnel to support the tunnel before the tunnel top is constructed; during construction, the top support block can be set in the middle area of ​​the tunnel top to connect with the side wall support blocks on both sides to jointly support the tunnel; or the top support block is not set, and the existing spraying method is used to directly spray concrete in the middle area of ​​the tunnel top to connect the support blocks on both sides of the tunnel. Since the spraying area is short, the surface of the spraying area is also relatively flat. The width of the support layer is equal to the distance between two steel arch frames, and the width of the support layer is 500-1500mm; the thickness of the support layer is the distance from the arch surface of two adjacent steel arch frames to the tunnel rock wall.

[0065] In the length direction of the tunnel, the intervals between at least two steel arches are the same; so that at least two supporting layers have the same shape and size. The surface of the supporting layer is flush with the surface of the steel arch; or the surface of the supporting layer exceeds the surface of the steel arch; or the surface of the steel arch exceeds the surface of the supporting layer. The steel arch is an I-beam, a flower arch or a round tube. In this embodiment, the steel arch is an I-beam, that is, the cross-section of the steel arch is I-shaped as shown in the figure; concrete is filled between adjacent I-beams, filling the grooves of the two I-beams to form a supporting layer. Due to the uneven rock wall of the tunnel, there will be gaps between the steel arch and the tunnel rock wall. Therefore, a number of arched supporting layers separated by steel arches are formed in the length direction of the tunnel, wherein any adjacent supporting layers are connected as a whole through the gap between the steel arch and the tunnel rock wall.

[0066] Fiber filaments are added to the sprayed concrete so that the formed support layer contains a number of fiber filaments. The fiber filaments are in a filamentous shape and bonded to the rock wall and the steel arch frame, which can increase the coagulation speed and toughness of the soil support layer and make the concrete more firmly bonded to the steel arch frame and the rock wall. The present invention provides a tunnel primary support layer structure, the surface of the primary support layer is flat, which can facilitate the spraying of the secondary support layer and ensure the bearing capacity of the secondary support layer.

[0067] In addition, in the present invention, it is necessary to use the support mechanism as a support arm frame, and the support arm frame is set as a large arm, a large arm and an auxiliary arm, two arms, three arms or a frame-type arm frame structure, wherein the template mechanism and the nozzle assembly are arranged on the support arm frame.

[0068] For example: the support arm is configured as a large arm, the support arm is configured as a telescopic arm structure or a folding arm structure, a forearm mechanism is provided on the end of the support arm, and a template mechanism is provided on the end of the forearm mechanism; a nozzle displacement mechanism is provided on the forearm mechanism, a nozzle fine-tuning mechanism is provided on the nozzle displacement mechanism, and a nozzle assembly is provided on the nozzle fine-tuning mechanism to adjust the spatial displacement, angle and direction of the nozzle assembly.

[0069] For example: the boom is arranged on the boom turntable, and the boom can rotate relative to the boom turntable in the vertical plane; the boom turntable is arranged on the carrier and the boom turntable can rotate relative to the carrier in the horizontal plane; based on the relative rotation between the boom, the boom turntable and the carrier; the template mechanism moves with the front end of the boom, and the distance and / or angle between the template mechanism and the rock surface is controlled.

[0070] For example: a track mechanism is laid on the carrier, and a moving seat mechanism is matched on the track mechanism. The boom turntable is arranged on the moving seat mechanism. The moving seat mechanism moves along the laying direction of the track mechanism, and the template mechanism is displaced in the direction of the track mechanism through the boom; a track mechanism is provided on one side of the track mechanism, and the hose guide mechanism includes a guide groove and a moving mechanism thereon, and the moving mechanism moves back and forth along the length direction of the guide groove; a hose is arranged in the guide groove, and the hose bypasses the moving mechanism and is connected to the moving mechanism and follows the moving mechanism to move in the guide groove.

[0071] The carrier is a trolley, the track mechanism is laid on the top of the trolley, and the trolley is a wheeled, tracked or framed track; the chassis of the trolley adopts an automobile chassis, a tracked chassis or an engineering chassis, and the engineering chassis is a four-wheel drive mechanism, and adopts four-wheel steering, front-wheel drive front-wheel steering or rear-wheel drive rear-wheel steering; the trolley adopts a hanging walking mode or a self-walking mode, and the self-walking mode adopts a wheeled walking mechanism, a tracked walking mechanism, a tracked walking mechanism and a walking walking mechanism; the power of the trolley can adopt a diesel engine, a pure electric engine, or a diesel-electric hybrid power source. A cab is provided on the trolley, and the cab is fixed on the trolley; or the cab is rotatably arranged on the trolley, and the cab is fixed to the trolley with an outer shell, and the internal operating platform can rotate relative to the trolley; or the cab as a whole can rotate 180° relative to the trolley; or the cab can rotate with a point of the trolley as the center, so that the front and rear of the trolley cab are interchangeable. The trolley is provided with a cab lifting platform, and the cab is arranged on the cab lifting platform and rises and falls with the cab lifting platform; it is convenient for the driver to adjust the position according to the needs.

[0072] When the carrier mechanism is a trolley, the engine of the trolley can be a diesel engine or an electric engine, or a diesel engine and an electric engine can be used in combination.

[0073] The trolley can be walked on rollers, tracks or tracks.

[0074] The trolley is also provided with a steel arch lifting arm, which can rotate relative to the trolley on a horizontal plane and can also rotate in a vertical plane. The steel arch lifting arm is retractable, and a steel arch support platform is provided at the front end of the steel arch lifting arm, and a steel arch gripper is provided on the steel arch support platform; when the steel arch is set on the steel arch support platform, the steel arch gripper grabs the steel arch, and the steel arch lifting arm can lift the steel arch and set it on the rock wall of the tunnel, which is convenient for the installation of the steel arch.

[0075] The trolley is also provided with a personnel lifting platform. When the mold spraying template gradually moves to the direction of the arch, people can rise in the lifting platform to observe the spraying situation in the mold cavity.

[0076] The bottom of the trolley is provided with a plurality of trolley support legs, and the trolley support legs are retractable. When the template mechanism and the nozzle assembly are in operation, the support legs support the ground to ensure the stability of the trolley, thereby ensuring the stability of the position of the template mechanism and the nozzle assembly.

[0077] In the present invention, the quick-setting agent pumping mechanism and the concrete pumping mechanism in the injection system are both located at the front end of the trolley, which makes it inconvenient for the trolley to be as close to the tunnel face as possible; therefore, a rotating platform of the injection system is arranged in front of the trolley, and the rotating platform of the injection system is rotated to one side of the trolley, which makes it convenient for the trolley to be as close to the tunnel face as possible.

[0078] The cab shell is fixed on the cab lifting platform, and the operating platform inside it can rotate, which is convenient for the driver to observe the situation outside the vehicle, and when the operating platform rotates 180 degrees, it is convenient for reversing.

[0079] Wherein the big arm turntable 3 is fixed on the carrier platform. For the convenience of construction, the big arm turntable 3 can be arranged on the sliding mechanism.

[0080] The sliding mechanism includes a track mechanism 1 laid on a carrier mechanism, the track mechanism 1 is matched with a moving seat mechanism 2, the moving seat mechanism 2 is connected to a large arm mechanism, and the large arm mechanism is provided with a template mechanism 8; the moving seat mechanism 2 moves along the laying direction of the track mechanism 1, and drives the template mechanism 8 to move in the direction of the track mechanism 1 through the large arm mechanism.

[0081] The track mechanism 1 can be laid along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel or along the transverse direction of the tunnel. When laid transversely, the track mechanism 1 is configured to have an arc structure that matches the arc of the tunnel, and the mold spraying mechanism including the template mechanism 8 and the large arm mechanism is integrally arranged on the arc-shaped track mechanism 1.

[0082] In the sliding mechanism of the present invention, the track mechanism 1 includes two parallel longitudinal rails, and the longitudinal rails are laid on the surface of the carrier; the moving seat mechanism 2 is provided with two rows of rollers 24 that cooperate with the longitudinal rails, and the rollers 24 can roll on the longitudinal rails; the moving seat mechanism 2 is provided with a driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism drives the moving seat mechanism 2 to move on the longitudinal rails; wherein the driving mechanism is set to be an oil cylinder, an air cylinder, a gear mechanism or a chain transmission mechanism.

[0083] The boom turntable 3 of the boom mechanism is arranged on the moving seat mechanism 2, and the moving seat mechanism 2 is arranged on the track mechanism 1, and can move with the boom turntable 3 in the longitudinal direction of the track mechanism 1. The boom mechanism and the template mechanism 8, the nozzle assembly 9 and other related mechanisms and components carried by the boom mechanism can move in the longitudinal direction of the excavated rock surface with the boom mechanism, so that the mold cavity formed between the template mechanism 8 and the rock surface can be adjusted along the longitudinal direction of the rock surface. For example, in the initial support mold spraying of the tunnel, continuous multi-section rock surface can be carried out by moving the carrier mechanism (such as a trolley) at a single time. The mold spraying avoids the disadvantage that only a single section of the rock surface mold spraying can be carried out at a single movement, and greatly improves the construction efficiency of the mold spraying.

[0084] The track mechanism 1 comprises a support frame and two longitudinal rails parallel to each other mounted on the support frame. The support frame comprises two parallel and spaced longitudinal support beams and a plurality of evenly spaced transverse support beams connected between the two longitudinal support beams, and the two longitudinal rails are fixed on the top of the longitudinal support beams.

[0085] The track mechanism 1 also includes two track mechanism connecting plates, which are fixed to the bottom of the supporting longitudinal beam and have the same length as the supporting longitudinal beam; the function is that the track mechanism 1 is fixed to the frame beam of the trolley frame I through the track mechanism connecting plates.

[0086] The two track mechanism connecting plates are also provided with a plurality of evenly spaced connecting ear plates, which are fixed downwardly on the outer side of the track mechanism connecting plates and can be fixed on the outer side of the frame beam. The track mechanism connecting plates and the connecting ear plates are respectively provided with connecting screw holes and connecting screw holes, and are fixed to the frame beam by connecting bolts.

[0087] The track mechanism connecting plate comprises a connecting plate wide portion and a connecting plate narrow portion, wherein the connecting plate wide portion and the connecting plate narrow portion are connected by a smooth transition portion. The clearance between the two connecting plate narrow portions is relatively larger, so as to facilitate the installation of the engine assembly in the space below the connecting plate.

[0088] A longitudinal rack is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the track mechanism 1 and can be meshed with the sliding drive gear on the moving seat mechanism 2. The length of the longitudinal rack is equal to the length of the supporting longitudinal beam.

[0089] The longitudinally movable rack is fixed on the inner side of any longitudinal rail. The specific fixing method is that a plurality of rack fixing seats are evenly spaced and fixed on the inner side of the supporting longitudinal beam under the longitudinal rail, and the rack fixing seats include a horizontal plate and a vertical plate, the upper surface of the horizontal plate is flush with the lower surface of the longitudinal rail, the vertical plate is directly welded to the inner side of the supporting longitudinal beam, and a reinforcing support plate is connected between the horizontal plate and the vertical plate of the rack fixing seat.

[0090] The track mechanism 1 is also provided with an anti-slip mechanism to prevent the movable seat mechanism 2 from lateral and longitudinal detachment from the longitudinal rail during operation. Specifically, the anti-slip mechanism includes a longitudinal anti-slip mechanism and a lateral anti-slip mechanism.

[0091] The specific form of the longitudinal anti-slip mechanism is that a stop mechanism is respectively provided at both ends of the longitudinal rail to prevent the moving seat mechanism from longitudinally detaching from the longitudinal rail; and an anti-collision seat 25 corresponding to the stop mechanism is respectively provided at both ends of the moving seat mechanism 2. A stop seat is provided at the same end of the two longitudinal rails to limit the moving seat mechanism 2 at the end. The stop seat includes a stop seat horizontal plate and a stop seat vertical plate, and a stop seat support plate connecting the stop seat horizontal plate and the stop seat vertical plate, and the stop seat is connected to the sliding seat slide plate 12 by bolts. Two corresponding vertical blocks are provided at the other end of the two supporting longitudinal beams relative to the block seat, and a mounting seat for mounting the arm support is connected between the two vertical blocks, and the vertical block can be directly welded to the end of the supporting longitudinal beam. The mounting seat includes a mounting seat vertical plate and a mounting seat horizontal plate, and a connecting hole is provided on the mounting seat horizontal plate, and the arm support is connected to the mounting seat horizontal plate by connecting bolts. The function of the arm support is that when the mold spraying trolley stops working and needs to leave the work site, the slewing arm 4 is retracted to support the slewing arm 4. The stopper and the vertical stopper mentioned above are two specific forms of the stop mechanism, which can be selected and used according to actual conditions.

[0092] The specific structure of the mobile seat mechanism 2 is:

[0093] The movable seat mechanism 2 comprises a seat body and at least two sets of sliding rollers located on both sides of the bottom of the seat body. The sliding rollers are directly placed on the longitudinal rails and can roll longitudinally along the longitudinal rails.

[0094] The longitudinal rail is a horizontal plate-like structure, and hook plates are also provided on both sides of the moving seat mechanism 2 to lock the longitudinal rail from the bottom of the plate-like longitudinal rail to prevent the moving seat mechanism from lateral separation from the longitudinal rail; L-shaped hook plates are correspondingly provided on both sides of the moving seat mechanism 2 to form a lateral anti-slip mechanism of the sliding mechanism, and the hook plates include a limiting vertical plate and a limiting horizontal plate to prevent the moving seat mechanism 2 from deviating and overturning during the walking process on the longitudinal rail, and to achieve the overall stability of the attachments such as the boom turntable 3 and the rotating boom 4 on the moving seat mechanism 2. The limiting horizontal plate extends toward the inner side of the moving seat mechanism 2 and is located under the sliding roller. The distance from the top surface of the limiting horizontal plate to the sliding roller is slightly greater than the thickness of the longitudinal rail, and the longitudinal rail can be clamped between the sliding roller and the limiting horizontal plate, so that the movement of the moving seat mechanism 2 is more stable.

[0095] The seat body of the movable seat mechanism 2 is a square structure as a whole, including two longitudinal plates on both sides and two transverse plates on both ends, and a sliding roller fixing plate parallel to the longitudinal plates is arranged on both sides close to the longitudinal plates. The sliding rollers on both sides are respectively installed between the longitudinal plates and the sliding roller fixing plates of the trolley on the same side. Each group of sliding rollers shares a roller shaft, and the roller shaft passes through the longitudinal plates and the sliding roller fixing plates on both sides at the same time.

[0096] The hook plates are fixed to the outer sides of the longitudinal plates on both sides by bolts, and the hook plates on each side of the trolley are divided into three sections, including two end hook plates and a middle hook plate located between the two end hook plates. The end hook plates are fixed to the ends of the roller shaft at the same time, which has the multiple functions of strengthening the fixed roller shaft and blocking the roller shaft from the ends at the same time, and also has the effect of further increasing the strength of the end hook plates.

[0097] Furthermore, the movable seat mechanism 2 is provided with two sets of sliding rollers, and two hollow reinforcing sleeves are fixed between the two sliding rollers on the same side, and between the trolley longitudinal plate and the sliding roller fixing plate on the same side. The connection between the trolley longitudinal plate and the reinforcing sleeve is provided with a longitudinal plate through hole (not shown in the figure) that penetrates the reinforcing sleeve, and a reinforcing shaft is provided on the limiting vertical plate of the middle hook plate corresponding to the reinforcing sleeve. When installing the middle hook plate, the reinforcing shaft is aligned with the reinforcing sleeve and inserted into it, and then the limiting vertical plate is fixed to the trolley longitudinal plate from the outside by bolts, which greatly improves the strength of the middle hook plate. Several vertical reinforcing plates are also provided on the outside of the limiting vertical plate of the middle hook plate to further strengthen the plate.

[0098] Furthermore, a number of longitudinal reinforcement plates and transverse reinforcement plates that are staggered and fixedly connected are arranged between the two sliding roller fixing plates and between the two trolley transverse plates. At the same time, transverse reinforcement plates are arranged between the sliding roller and the reinforcement sleeve on the same side, and between the two reinforcement sleeves on the same side.

[0099] The inner side of the hook plate (i.e. the inner side of the limit horizontal plate) is also provided with an anti-wear layer, which is made of copper alloy material. Due to the unique properties of copper, it can effectively prevent the movable seat mechanism 2 from getting stuck when sliding on the track mechanism 1.

[0100] Corresponding to the stop mechanism on the aforementioned track mechanism 1, anti-collision seats are respectively provided at the front and rear ends of the moving seat mechanism 2. There are four anti-collision seats in total, one is installed at each end of the outer side of each transverse plate, so as to correspond to the stop seat and vertical stop block at both ends of the track mechanism 1, so as to achieve effective blocking and limiting when the moving seat mechanism 2 slides to the end of the track mechanism 1, so as to achieve the purpose of limiting. Furthermore, the length of the anti-collision seat facing the vertical stop block side is greater than the length of the anti-collision seat facing the stop seat side, so as to avoid the moving seat mechanism 2 from damaging the arm support when it slides to the extreme position on the side of the vertical stop block.

[0101] Dust-proof scrapers are respectively provided at both ends of the movable seat mechanism 1 . Specifically, the dust-proof scrapers are fixed on the outer sides of the transverse plates to scrape off dust, mud and other debris that falls onto the top surface of the longitudinal rails on the track mechanism 1 .

[0102] A motor mounting seat is provided outwardly at either end of the moving seat mechanism 2, and a driving motor is installed on the motor mounting seat, with the rotating shaft of the driving motor facing downward, and a sliding driving gear is installed at the free end of the rotating shaft, and the bottom elevation of the sliding driving gear is higher than the top elevation of the supporting longitudinal beam and the supporting transverse beam of the track mechanism 1. When the moving seat mechanism 2 is installed on the track mechanism 1, the sliding driving gear can just mesh with the longitudinal rack. Furthermore, the motor mounting seat is installed at one end of the stop seat to avoid interference with other equipment of the trolley.

[0103] The motor mounting seat includes a fixed vertical plate and a fixed horizontal plate which are vertically connected to each other. The fixed vertical plate is fixed to the outer side of the horizontal plate by bolts, and the sliding drive motor is fixed to the fixed horizontal plate. Fixed reinforcing plates connecting the fixed vertical plate and the fixed horizontal plate are also arranged on both sides of the driving fixed seat 26.

[0104] The movable seat mechanism 2 also includes a top plate and a bottom plate, wherein the bottom plate covers the area between the two roller fixing plates, and the top plate as a whole covers the area between the two transverse plates and the two longitudinal plates. A plurality of bolt holes arranged in an annular shape and evenly spaced are provided in the middle of the top plate for fixing the boom turntable 3.

[0105] The movable seat mechanism 2 is also provided with mud guards around it to prevent concrete from falling into the machine and onto the guide rail mechanism during operation.

[0106] The pump tube guide mechanism (hose guide mechanism) drives the pump tube to move during the movement of the movable seat mechanism 2. If the pump tube is not guided by the guide mechanism, the pump tube will be arranged in a disorderly manner on the carrier mechanism and will interfere with other equipment on the carrier mechanism.

[0107] Therefore, Figures 57-60 As shown, the present invention discloses a pump tube guide mechanism, which includes a guide groove 1001, on which a guide moving mechanism is arranged, and the guide moving mechanism reciprocates along the length direction of the guide groove 1001; a hose is arranged in the guide groove 1001, and the hose bypasses the guide moving mechanism and is connected to the guide moving mechanism to follow the guide moving mechanism to move in the guide groove 1001. The hose includes an inner groove section and an outer groove section; the outer groove section bypasses from the bottom of the guide moving mechanism to the top of the guide moving mechanism and is fixed on the guide moving mechanism. The port of the inner groove section is located in the guide groove 1001, and the port of the outer groove section is located above the guide moving mechanism, and the two ports face the same direction. The guide moving mechanism drives the outer groove section to move along the guide groove 1001, so that the outer groove section and the inner groove section are relatively bent to form a shape similar to a "U", and the positions of the two ends of the U shape, that is, the two ports of the hose, are constantly changing.

[0108] When the guide moving mechanism is connected to the moving seat mechanism 2, the moving trolley drives the guide moving mechanism to move, so that the positions of the two ends of the hose move relatively. When the guide moving mechanism drives the outer section of the groove to move in the direction of the end of the inner section of the groove, the guide moving mechanism pulls part of the hose out of the guide groove 1001. When the guide moving mechanism moves back, the pulled hose returns to the guide groove 1001. In this process, the lengths of the inner section and the outer section of the groove change with the movement of the guide moving mechanism; the guide moving mechanism drives the outer section of the groove to move in the direction of the end of the inner section of the groove, and the length of the inner section of the groove gradually shortens, and the length of the outer section of the groove gradually lengthens; the guide moving mechanism drives the outer section of the groove to move in the opposite direction of the end of the inner section of the groove, and the length of the inner section of the groove gradually lengthens, and the length of the outer section of the groove gradually shortens. During the movement of the guide moving mechanism, the movement trajectory of the hose is fixed, and the guide moving mechanism restricts the part of the hose fixed thereon from swinging freely, and the guide groove 1001 restricts the part of the hose inside it from swinging freely.

[0109] The guide movement mechanism includes a guide wheel 1002 and a wheel frame 1003 . The guide wheel 1002 is rotatably arranged on the wheel frame 1003 via a rotating shaft, and a hose is also connected to the wheel frame 1003 . The guide wheel 1002 is rotatably arranged on the guide groove 1001 .

[0110] The guide wheel 1002 is arranged below the wheel frame 1003 , and the hose is wound from below the wheel frame 1003 to above the wheel frame 1003 and fixed on the wheel frame 1003 .

[0111] The wheel frame 1003 includes a connecting pipe 3-2, a hose fixing pipe 3-3 is arranged at the upper end of the connecting pipe 3-2, and a guide wheel connecting pipe 3-1 is arranged at the lower end; the guide wheel 1002 is rotatably arranged on the guide wheel connecting pipe 3-1 through a rotating shaft. The hose is fixed to the hose fixing pipe 3-3 through a clamp. The moving seat mechanism 2 can be connected to the wheel frame 1003, thereby driving the wheel frame 1003 to reciprocate on the guide groove 1001.

[0112] The guide groove 1001 opens upward, and its opening diverges outward, so that the width of the opening is greater than the width of the groove bottom, so that the guide moving mechanism can more conveniently pull out part of the hose, thereby preventing the hose from hindering the movement of the guide moving mechanism, and when the guide moving mechanism retreats, the hose can also be easily retreated into the guide groove 1001.

[0113] The guide wheel 1002 is disposed at the opening of the guide groove 1001 , and the inner side surface of the opening of the guide groove 1001 is the supporting surface of the guide wheel 1002 .

[0114] The guide groove 1001 includes a receiving groove and a supporting surface, wherein the supporting surface is arranged at the edge of the receiving groove and is inclined outward; the hose is arranged in the receiving groove, and the rolling surface of the guide wheel 1002 is in line contact or surface contact with the supporting surface. In this embodiment, the rolling surface of the guide wheel 1002 is in surface contact with the two oblique sides of the trapezoid.

[0115] The pump pipe guide mechanism of the present invention can effectively prevent the hose from swinging randomly when following moving parts such as a mechanical arm, a mobile platform or a mobile trolley. The hose will not interfere with other structures, reduce the wear of the hose, improve the reliability of equipment operation, and be more beautiful as a whole. The pump pipe guide mechanism of the present invention can be used in construction fields such as tunnels and bridges. When concrete fills the guide groove and the guide moving mechanism, it will not get stuck like a drag chain, and it is easy to clean. The present invention has a simple structure, a wide range of applications, and is easy to promote and use.

[0116] For example: the support arm is configured as a large arm and an auxiliary arm, the auxiliary arm is arranged on the large arm; wherein the template mechanism is arranged at the end of the large arm, and the large arm controls the template mechanism to approach or move away from the rock excavation surface, and preferably a template fine-tuning mechanism is arranged between the large arm and the template mechanism to control the formation of a mold cavity or demolding between the template mechanism and the excavation rock surface; the nozzle assembly is arranged at the end of the auxiliary arm, so that the auxiliary arm can drive the nozzle assembly to adjust its displacement, angle and direction in space.

[0117] For example: the support arm is configured as two arms, one of which is provided with a formwork mechanism and a nozzle assembly; the other arm is provided with a grouting assembly for the vault and leak repairing; or one of the arms is provided with a formwork mechanism, and the other arm is provided with a grouting assembly (the grouting assembly includes a formwork with grouting holes, and a spraying pipe is directly inserted into the grouting holes); or the two arms are provided with formwork mechanisms and nozzle assemblies respectively, and the two arms are symmetrical on the left and right, so that during construction, spraying construction is carried out to the vault from both sides of the tunnel at the same time.

[0118] For example: the support arm frame is configured with three arms, including a grouting arm and two mold spraying arms, the mold spraying arms are large arms and are arranged symmetrically on the left and right, and the ends of the mold spraying arms are provided with template mechanisms and nozzle assemblies; the grouting arm is provided with a grouting assembly; or it includes a template arm, a spraying arm and a grouting arm, the template arm is provided with a template mechanism, the spraying arm is provided with a nozzle assembly, and the grouting arm is provided with a grouting assembly; or it includes two template arms and a spraying arm, the template arms are arranged symmetrically on the left and right and are provided with a template mechanism, and the spraying arm is provided with a nozzle assembly.

[0119] For example: the support arm is configured as a frame-type mechanism, the top of the support arm is provided with a track arranged along the tunnel arch direction, the track is provided with a sliding mechanism that can move relatively, the sliding is provided with a template mechanism and a nozzle assembly, so that the template mechanism forms a mold cavity on the tunnel rock surface as the sliding mechanism slides.

[0120] In the above examples, the support arm can be a large arm (also known as a large arm mechanism), which can be used to adjust the gap / distance between the nozzle assembly and the template mechanism and the excavated rock surface, so as to control the entire equipment. The large arm or large arm mechanism can adopt the following similar or similar structures:

[0121] The boom mechanism includes a boom turntable 3 which can rotate relative to the horizontal plane, and the boom turntable 3 is provided with a swivel boom 4 which can rotate relative to the vertical plane. The forearm mechanism 5 is arranged at the front end of the swivel boom 4. Based on the relative rotation between the swivel boom 4, the boom turntable 3 and the base of the boom mechanism, the template mechanism 8 moves with the front end of the swivel boom 4, and the distance and / or angle between the template mechanism and the rock wall are controlled, so that the template mechanism 8 forms a mold cavity with the target rock wall at the target rock wall.

[0122] The boom turntable 3 includes a turntable frame 31, a horizontal rotation component and a vertical rotation component. The turntable frame 31 is fixed on the carrier mechanism through the horizontal rotation component and can rotate horizontally on the carrier mechanism. The slewing boom 4 is installed on the turntable frame 31 through the vertical rotation component and can rotate in a vertical plane with the vertical rotation component as the center.

[0123] The turntable frame 31 is an L-shaped structure as a whole, including a turntable bottom plate 311 and a turntable vertical plate 312; the horizontal rotation assembly includes a horizontal large gear 32 and a horizontal rotation driving gear 323 meshing with the horizontal large gear 32. The horizontal large gear 32 includes a second large gear ring 321 and a second annular gear shaft 322, and the horizontal large gear 32 is directly fixed to the bolt hole of the top plate by bolts; the turntable bottom plate 311 is fixed to the second annular gear shaft 322 of the horizontal large gear 32 by bolts. The second large gear ring 321 is provided with bolt connection holes 321a at even intervals in the circumferential direction, and the first annular gear shaft 322 is also provided with bolt connection holes 322a at even intervals in the circumferential direction.

[0124] The horizontal rotation driving gear 323 is mounted on the rotating shaft of the horizontal rotation driving motor 324, and the horizontal rotation driving motor 324 is fixed downward on the turntable bottom plate 311. The turntable bottom plate 311 includes a motor mounting portion 311a extending beyond the outside of the horizontal large gear 32, and the horizontal rotation driving motor 324 is fixed on the motor mounting portion 311a, and the motor mounting portion 311a is connected to the main body of the turntable bottom plate 311 by a smooth transition.

[0125] The vertical rotating assembly includes a vertical large gear 33 and a vertical rotating driving gear 333 meshing with the vertical large gear 33. The vertical large gear 33 also includes a first large gear ring 331 and a first annular gear shaft 332, wherein the first annular gear shaft 332 is fixed to the turntable vertical plate 312, and the slewing arm 4 is directly fixed to the first large gear ring 331. The first large gear ring 331 and the first annular gear shaft 332 are respectively provided with a plurality of bolt through holes 331a and bolt through holes 332a for fixing at even intervals in the circumferential direction, that is, the first large gear ring 331 and the slewing arm 4 are fixed by bolt connection, and the first annular gear shaft 332 and the turntable vertical plate 312 are also fixed by bolt connection.

[0126] The vertical rotation driving gear 333 is installed on the turntable vertical plate 312 through the vertical rotation driving motor 334. The vertical rotation driving gear 333 has one or more than one, which are distributed around the first large gear ring 331 and meshed with it at the same time. Furthermore, there are four vertical rotation driving gears 333, which are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the first large gear ring 331.

[0127] A fixing operation through hole is provided on the rotating circumference of the turntable vertical plate 312 opposite to the bolt through hole 331a on the first large gear ring 331, so as to facilitate the insertion of bolts through the fixing operation through hole from the back of the turntable vertical plate 312 and complete the fixation between the rotating arm 4 and the first large gear ring 331.

[0128] A plurality of reinforcing vertical plates 313 are connected between the turntable bottom plate 311 and the turntable vertical plate 312. The back of the turntable vertical plate 312 is provided with pipeline brackets 314 facing both sides for supporting and fixing the pump pipe.

[0129] The swivel boom 4 is a telescopic structure, the forearm mechanism 5 is installed at the front end of the swivel boom 4, the rear end of the swivel boom 4 is fixed on the first large gear ring 331 of the boom turntable 3, and the maximum rotation angle of the swivel boom 4 in the vertical plane is greater than 240 degrees.

[0130] The swing boom 4 is a multi-section structure, and the extension and retraction are controlled by hydraulic components. In this embodiment, it includes three sections, including a swing rear arm 41, a swing middle arm 42, and a swing front arm 43. A box-type joint 412 is provided at the rear end of the swing rear arm 41 of the swing boom 4, and a boom connecting plate 411 is fixed on the box-type joint 412. The boom connecting plate 411 is provided with a connecting plate bolt through hole 411a corresponding to the bolt through hole 331a on the second large gear ring 321.

[0131] The swing rear arm 41 is provided with a pipe clamp 413 along the longitudinal direction for fixing a concrete delivery pipe, a hydraulic pipe, a high-pressure air pipe, etc. The pipe clamp 413 includes two pipe clamps, which are respectively fixed at the front end and the rear end of the side of the swing rear arm 41, and each pipe clamp 413 is fixed to the swing rear arm through a pipe clamp support rod 413a.

[0132] A hose guide 44 is provided on the same side of the front end of the swing middle arm 42 and the pipe clamp 413 to support the relevant hoses on the swing arm 4. Similarly, the hose guide 44 can also be provided on the swing forearm 43, but it is better not to provide the swing forearm 43 and the swing middle arm 42 at the same time, because after the swing arm 4 is recovered as a whole, the relevant hose clamp 44 may be clamped between the two hose guides, affecting the complete recovery of the swing forearm 43. The hose guide 44 includes a guide crossbeam 441 and a bracket 442 fixed on the guide crossbeam 441. More than two brackets 442 can be provided to space hoses with different functions or directions. Each bracket 442 includes two downward bracket vertical pipes 443 fixed on the guide crossbeam 441 and a bracket horizontal pipe 444 connecting the two bracket vertical pipes 443 at the bottom. The bracket vertical tube 443 and the bracket horizontal tube 444 are both sleeved with bracket rollers 445 to reduce friction damage to the related hoses and make the guidance of the related hoses smoother.

[0133] The front end of the swivel forearm 43 is provided with an upward swivel forearm elbow 431, and the top surface of the swivel forearm elbow 431 is provided with an upward swivel forearm connecting seat 432. The swivel forearm connecting seat 432 is provided with a plurality of connecting holes 432a at evenly spaced intervals in an annular direction to facilitate the installation of the template mechanism 8 and the nozzle assembly 9.

[0134] Furthermore, the front end of the rotating arm 4 is connected to a forearm mechanism 5, and the template mechanism 8 and the nozzle assembly 9 are both arranged on the forearm mechanism 5, and the forearm mechanism 5 is connected to the front end of the rotating arm 4 through a rotating mechanism 51, specifically, it can be connected to a rotating forearm connecting seat 432, and the template mechanism 8 and the nozzle assembly 9 can rotate around the rotating mechanism 51 under the action of the rotating mechanism 51.

[0135] In the present invention, a slewing arm telescopic amount detection sensor is also provided on the slewing arm, and the slewing arm telescopic amount detection sensor is provided on a hydraulic component, and the hydraulic component is a hydraulic cylinder, and detects the telescopic amount of the hydraulic cylinder.

[0136] In the above-mentioned support arm example, the support arm is configured as a large arm, a large arm and an auxiliary arm, two arms, three arms or a frame-type arm structure, wherein when a large arm is used, the structure of the above-mentioned large arm mechanism or a similar structure can be used; in addition, when a non-large arm or auxiliary arm is used, its nozzle assembly, formwork mechanism, etc. are similar to the previous example, such as when the nozzle assembly is connected to the injection system for concrete injection, and the auxiliary arm can drive the nozzle assembly to move three-dimensionally in space to ensure that it can penetrate or spray into the concrete above the mold cavity.

[0137] In the present invention, the accelerator and concrete need to be mixed and then sprayed into the mold cavity through the nozzle assembly, so the injection system needs to be set as an independent pumping system (independent injection system), or several pumping systems are arranged in parallel and collectively connected to the material mixer; wherein in the injection system, the concrete delivery hose / accelerator delivery pipe are all arranged on the pump pipe automatic supply mechanism, and the pump pipe automatic supply mechanism can wind up or release the delivery pipe.

[0138] The mold spraying material injection system of the present invention includes a concrete pumping mechanism, an accelerator pumping mechanism, a compressed air supply device and a material mixer; the concrete pumping mechanism is connected to the material mixer to deliver concrete into the material mixer; the accelerator pumping mechanism is connected to the material mixer to deliver the accelerator into the material mixer to mix with the concrete; the compressed air supply device is connected to the material mixer to deliver compressed air into the material mixer; the concrete and the accelerator are mixed quickly, fully and evenly in the material mixer, and then power is provided for the spraying of the concrete; the material mixer is connected to the nozzle assembly 9. The nozzle assembly 9 sprays the concrete mixed with the accelerator into the mold cavity. Fig.21 As shown, the nozzle assembly 9 is arranged at the inlet above the mold cavity.

[0139] The material mixer II-4 is a hollow structure, the outlet end of the material mixer II-4 is connected to the nozzle assembly 9, and the inlet end of the material mixer II-4 is connected to the concrete pumping mechanism; a plurality of accelerating agent filling ports are arranged on the side wall of the material mixer, and the accelerating agent filling ports are connected to the accelerating agent pumping mechanism, so that the accelerating agent and concrete are mixed in the material mixer II-4. A gas filling port is also provided on the inlet end or side wall of the material mixer, and the gas filling port is connected to the compressed air supply device.

[0140] A plurality of accelerating agent filling ports are arranged on the outer wall of the material mixer II-4, and at least two accelerating agent filling ports are arranged on the material mixer II-4 at equal intervals.

[0141] like Fig.25 As shown, the quick-setting agent filling ports are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.

[0142] like Fig.26 As shown, each accelerator filling port is arranged at intervals in the inclined direction. From the rear section of the front end of the material mixer Ⅱ-4, the interval between each accelerator filling port is b; in the circumferential direction, the interval between each accelerator filling port is a; so that the connecting line of each accelerator filling port forms a spiral line on the side wall of the material mixer Ⅱ-4.

[0143] The concrete pumping mechanism includes a pumping device Ⅱ-1, a feeding pipe Ⅱ-2 and a hose Ⅱ-3. The pumping device Ⅱ-1 is connected to the feeding pipe Ⅱ-2, and the feeding pipe Ⅱ-2 is connected to the inlet end of the material mixer Ⅱ-4 through the hose Ⅱ-3; the diameter of the inlet end of the feeding pipe Ⅱ-2 is equal to the diameter of the outlet end of the pumping device Ⅱ-1, the diameter of the outlet end of the feeding pipe Ⅱ-2 is equal to the diameter of the inlet end of the hose Ⅱ-3, and the diameter of the inlet end of the feeding pipe Ⅱ-2 is greater than the diameter of the outlet end of the feeding pipe Ⅱ-2.

[0144] The feeding pipe II-2 comprises a plurality of variable diameter hard pipes; the variable diameter hard pipes are connected in sequence along the extension direction of the feeding pipe II-2, so that the diameter of the inlet end of the feeding pipe II-2 is larger than the diameter of the outlet end of the feeding pipe II-2; wherein, along the extension direction of the feeding pipe II-2, the diameter of each variable diameter hard pipe gradually decreases from the inlet end to the outlet end.

[0145] Along the extension direction of the feeding pipe, the diameter of the inlet end of each hard pipe is equal to the diameter of the outlet end of the previous hard pipe; the diameter of the outlet end of each hard pipe is equal to the diameter of the inlet end of the next hard pipe; the butt joint of each hard pipe is connected by pipe clamp or threaded connection.

[0146] The accelerator pumping mechanism includes an accelerator storage tank II-7, an accelerator pump and an accelerator filling pipe II-6. The accelerator storage tank II-7 stores accelerator, the accelerator storage tank II-7 is provided with an accelerator pump, the accelerator pump is connected to the accelerator filling pipe II-6, and the accelerator filling pipe II-6 is connected to the accelerator filling port.

[0147] Furthermore, there are two quick-setting agent storage tanks Ⅱ-7, which can store more quick-setting agents and can also be used to counterweight the entire trolley, achieving two goals at one stroke.

[0148] The compressed air supply equipment includes a gas compressor II-9 and a gas filling pipe II-8, and the gas compressor II-9 is connected to the gas filling port on the material mixer through the gas filling pipe II-8.

[0149] In addition, it can also be arranged like this: the quick-setting agent is first mixed evenly with compressed air and then injected into the material mixer, so that the quick-setting agent can be brought to a certain pressure, can be more fully mixed with the concrete, and also provide power for the spraying of the concrete. Fig.23 As shown, the accelerator pumping mechanism is connected to the mixer Ⅱ-10 to send the accelerator into the mixer Ⅱ-10; the compressed air supply device is connected to the mixer Ⅱ-10 to send compressed air into the mixer Ⅱ-10 to mix with the accelerator; the mixer Ⅱ-10 is connected to the material mixer to send the accelerator mixed with compressed air into the material mixer to mix with concrete.

[0150] The material mixer Ⅱ-4 is a hollow structure, the outlet end of the material mixer Ⅱ-4 is connected to the nozzle Ⅱ-5, and the inlet end of the material mixer Ⅱ-4 is connected to the concrete pumping mechanism; a plurality of accelerator filling ports are provided on the side wall of the material mixer Ⅱ-4, and the accelerator filling ports are connected to the mixer Ⅱ-10, and the mixer Ⅱ-10 is respectively connected to the accelerator pumping mechanism and the compressed air supply equipment.

[0151] The accelerator pumping mechanism includes an accelerator storage tank II-7, an accelerator pump (wherein the accelerator can be a liquid accelerator, a powder accelerator, an alkali accelerator or an alkali-free accelerator) and an accelerator filling pipe II-6. The accelerator is stored in the accelerator storage tank II-7, and the accelerator storage tank II-7 is provided with an accelerator pump. The accelerator pump is connected to the accelerator filling pipe II-6, and the accelerator filling pipe II-6 is connected to the mixer II-10; the mixer II-10 is connected to the accelerator filling port on the material mixer through the filling pipe II-11.

[0152] The compressed air supply equipment includes a gas compressor II-9 and a gas filling pipe II-8, wherein the gas compressor II-9 is connected to a mixer II-10 via a gas filling pipe II-8, and the mixer II-10 is connected to a quick-setting agent filling port on a material mixer via a filling pipe II-11.

[0153] In addition, it can also be arranged like this: one or more groups of accelerating agent filling ports are arranged on the outer wall of the material mixer II-4, wherein the accelerating agent filling ports of the same group are located on the same circumference.

[0154] When there is a group of accelerating agent filling ports, the accelerating agent filling ports are arranged at equal intervals on the same circumference; Fig.24 shown.

[0155] When there are multiple groups of accelerator filling ports, from the inlet end to the outlet end of the material mixer II-4, at least two groups of accelerator filling ports are arranged at equal intervals, and the accelerator filling ports of the same group are arranged at equal intervals on the same circumference; Fig. 27 and 28 shown.

[0156] In this embodiment, the quick-setting agent filling ports are multiple groups, and any two adjacent groups of quick-setting agent filling ports are arranged in a mutually aligned or staggered manner on the circumference. Fig. 27 As shown, each accelerator filling port is aligned.

[0157] like Fig.28 As shown, each accelerator filling port is staggered.

[0158] In addition, it can also be arranged like this: the feeding pipe Ⅱ-2 includes a plurality of reducing hard pipes and non-reducing hard pipes; the reducing hard pipes and non-reducing hard pipes are connected in sequence along the extension direction of the feeding pipe Ⅱ-2, so that the diameter of the inlet end of the feeding pipe Ⅱ-2 is larger than the diameter of the outlet end of the feeding pipe Ⅱ-2; wherein, along the extension direction of the feeding pipe Ⅱ-2, the diameter of each reducing hard pipe gradually decreases from the inlet end to the outlet end.

[0159] like Fig.24As shown, in this embodiment, the feed pipe II-2 includes five sections of hard pipes, namely, hard pipe one II-21, hard pipe two II-22, hard pipe three II-23, hard pipe four II-24 and hard pipe five II-25, which are connected in sequence, and are all steel pipes, wherein hard pipe one II-21 and hard pipe three II-23 are bent pipes, hard pipe one II-21 is a non-reducing pipe, whose inlet end is connected to the pumping mechanism, and whose outlet end is connected to the reducing pipe two, the hard pipe three II-23 is a reducing pipe or a non-reducing pipe, and the hard pipe four II-24 and hard pipe five II-25 are both reducing pipes. The diameter of the entire feed pipe II-2 decreases from the inlet end to the outlet end. And the butt joint of each hard pipe is connected by a pipe clamp. The inlet end of the feed pipe II-2 is connected to the pumping mechanism, and the outlet end is connected to the nozzle assembly 9 through a hose II-3. The hose II-3 is a non-reducing pipe.

[0160] The present invention can be provided with one or more sets of material injection systems; and each set of material injection system includes one or more pumping mechanisms.

[0161] On the basis of the above-mentioned material injection system, the accelerator pump is installed in the accelerator barrel to save the space of the whole vehicle;

[0162] A sensor is added to the accelerator barrel or the pipe at the inlet of the accelerator pump to detect whether there is accelerator to prevent the pump from running idle when there is no accelerator;

[0163] The accelerator pump is provided with an accelerator pump wear degree detection device to detect the wear of the accelerator pump, and when the wear is serious, the accelerator pump is repaired or replaced;

[0164] The mixer also has a cleaning function to reduce the probability of the mixer being blocked. A water pipe and an accelerator pipe are connected to the mixer in parallel. When cleaning the mixer, the accelerator supply is cut off and the water is turned on.

[0165] In the present invention, a nozzle assembly is connected to the injection system. The nozzle scheme 1 includes a nozzle body, and the nozzle body is provided with a connected nozzle inlet and nozzle outlet. The opening size of the nozzle outlet is larger than the opening size of the nozzle inlet, so that the concrete entering the nozzle inlet in a columnar shape is sprayed out in a cone shape that diverges outward after passing through the nozzle outlet. The nozzle inlet is located at the front end of the nozzle body, and the nozzle outlet is located at the rear end of the nozzle body. A cavity connecting the nozzle inlet and the nozzle outlet is provided in the nozzle body; the caliber of the cavity gradually increases from the front end to the rear end of the nozzle; the radial size of the nozzle body from the front end to the rear end may not change, that is, it is a cylindrical or prismatic shape; of course, the radial size of the nozzle body may also gradually increase from the front end to the rear end of the nozzle.

[0166] The nozzle body is in a conical shape, and both the nozzle inlet and nozzle outlet are circular, wherein the diameter of the nozzle outlet is larger than the diameter of the nozzle inlet; the cavity in the nozzle body is a conical cavity, and the conical cavity connects the nozzle inlet and the nozzle outlet. Since the nozzle outlet opening size is larger than the nozzle inlet opening size, and the cavity in the nozzle body is in a conical shape, the spray from the nozzle outlet can be sprayed in a conical divergent manner, and can be diffused along the width direction and thickness direction of the mold cavity, quickly and fully filling the mold cavity.

[0167] In addition, this structure can also be adopted, the nozzle includes a nozzle body and a plurality of nozzle pipes; a nozzle inlet is opened at the front end of the nozzle body, and the nozzle pipe is arranged at the rear end of the nozzle body. Concrete enters the nozzle body from the nozzle inlet and then is sprayed out from the nozzle pipe.

[0168] The nozzles are arranged in one or more rows at the rear end of the nozzle body, or arranged in a plurality of concentric circles at the rear end of the nozzle body.

[0169] When the nozzles are arranged in one or more rows, the nozzles gradually bend outward from the center of each row to the two ends of each row, and the curvature gradually increases, so that part of the concrete is sprayed out from the nozzles toward the two ends of each row, that is, toward the width of the mold cavity, and part is sprayed forward. Since each row of nozzles gradually bends outward at both ends, multiple curved pipes are combined together to make the concrete spray out in a fan-shaped surface.

[0170] When the nozzles are arranged in several concentric circles, the nozzles gradually bend outwards like petals from the circle outwards, and the curvature becomes larger as they approach the edge. Under the guidance of multiple nozzles, the concrete is sprayed outwards in a cone shape.

[0171] In this solution, the concrete is guided by the bend of the nozzle, so that the concrete is sprayed to the designated area instead of being concentrated in one area. The concrete can quickly and fully fill every corner of the mold cavity, ensuring the filling effect and filling speed.

[0172] In addition, this structure can also be adopted, the nozzle includes a nozzle body, the nozzle body is provided with a nozzle inlet and a nozzle outlet connected, the nozzle outlet is flat, the opening width of the nozzle outlet section is greater than the opening height, so that the concrete spreads in the direction of the opening width after being sprayed out through the nozzle outlet. The opening width and opening height of the nozzle inlet section are equal; the opening width of the nozzle outlet section is greater than the opening width of the nozzle inlet section; the opening height of the nozzle outlet section is less than the opening height of the nozzle inlet section. The nozzle inlet is located at the front end of the nozzle body, and the nozzle outlet is located at the rear end of the nozzle body; the nozzle inlet and the nozzle outlet are connected through the cavity in the nozzle body, and the width of the nozzle body gradually increases and the height gradually decreases from the front end to the rear end, and the width of the inner cavity also gradually increases and the height of the inner cavity also gradually decreases. The cross-sectional shape of the nozzle inlet is circular, and the cross-sectional shape of the nozzle outlet is elliptical, rectangular or long. The nozzle body includes a connecting section and a flat nozzle; wherein the nozzle inlet is located at the front end of the connecting section, the nozzle outlet is located at the rear end of the nozzle, the rear end of the connecting section is connected to the front end of the nozzle, the shape and size of the connecting section outlet matches the shape and size of the nozzle inlet, and the connecting section and the nozzle are integrally formed or detachably connected. From the front end to the rear end, the width and height of the connecting section 1 gradually decrease, and the width and height of the cavity connecting the front end and the rear end of the connecting section in the connecting section also gradually decrease; from the front end to the rear end, the width of the nozzle gradually increases, and the height gradually decreases, and the width of the cavity connecting the front end and the rear end of the nozzle in the nozzle also gradually increases, and the height of the cavity also gradually decreases.

[0173] The concrete spraying nozzle for mold spraying of the present invention has an opening width greater than an opening height at the nozzle outlet section, so that concrete spreads in the width direction after being sprayed out from the nozzle outlet. Therefore, when the nozzle is applied to the mold cavity on the tunnel for spraying, the concrete can be dispersed in the mold cavity and distributed to both sides of the mold cavity as much as possible, so that the concrete can quickly, fully and evenly fill the mold cavity and the corners of the mold cavity; Figure 3 As shown, the nozzle prevents the material from being concentrated in the middle of the mold cavity in the width direction, which causes uneven distribution of concrete in the mold cavity and affects the shape and bearing effect of the concrete support layer. The nozzle can quickly fill the mold cavity and the corners of the mold cavity with concrete.

[0174] A guide plate can also be provided at the nozzle outlet, and the guide plate is used to change the spray direction of the concrete after it is sprayed out from the nozzle outlet. One side of the guide plate is butted against the other side of the nozzle outlet, so that the curvature of the guide plate surface is consistent with the curvature of the butted edge of the nozzle outlet. There is an angle between the guide plate surface and the nozzle outlet end face, and the angle ranges from 60 to 120°; when in use, it can be 60°, 90° or 120°; preferably 85°. Since the tunnel is arched, there will be a certain inclination angle between the mold cavity and the rock wall; therefore, when an ordinary nozzle is used to spray into the mold cavity, the concrete slurry will directly impact the rock wall; and when a guide plate is provided at the outlet, the guide plate is located at the top and the notch is located at the bottom when the concrete is about to be sprayed out of the outlet, the concrete will impact the guide plate and then rebound downward, avoiding the excessive impact pressure of the concrete, which causes the rock wall to be damaged, and also avoiding the concrete from being too divergent when spraying and then running out from the upper end of the mold cavity. Adjust the angle between the guide plate and the nozzle end face, that is, adjust the angle of the guide plate inward toward the nozzle outlet, so that the concrete can be better sprayed in the specified direction to avoid impact on the rock wall.

[0175] A separator may be arranged in the nozzle outlet, and the separator divides the nozzle outlet into a plurality of independent spray holes. The separator divides the nozzle outlet into a plurality of circular hole spray holes.

[0176] In addition, in order to match the nozzle assembly / nozzle with the template / mold cavity for concrete spraying, the nozzle assembly needs to be fine-tuned before or during the spraying process, so a nozzle fine-tuning mechanism can be set, wherein the nozzle fine-tuning mechanism includes a nozzle pitch fine-tuning mechanism and a nozzle rotation fine-tuning mechanism, wherein the nozzle assembly is connected to the nozzle pitch fine-tuning mechanism and / or the nozzle rotation fine-tuning mechanism; the nozzle pitch fine-tuning mechanism can adjust the pitch angle / direction of the nozzle assembly; the nozzle rotation fine-tuning mechanism can adjust the rotation angle / direction of the nozzle assembly; the nozzle pitch fine-tuning mechanism and the nozzle rotation fine-tuning mechanism are connected and cooperated with each other to adjust the angle / direction of the nozzle assembly relative to the mold cavity. To ensure the effect and quality of injection casting.

[0177] The fine-tuning mechanism also includes a nozzle fixing seat 7, and the rotation fine-tuning mechanism is fixed on the nozzle fixing seat 7; the pitch fine-tuning mechanism and the nozzle assembly 9 are both arranged on the rotation fine-tuning mechanism, and the pitch fine-tuning mechanism and the nozzle assembly 9 rotate as a whole under the action of the rotation fine-tuning mechanism. The pitch fine-tuning mechanism is set as an oil cylinder, an air cylinder, a gear mechanism or a chain transmission mechanism to adjust the front and rear angle / direction of the nozzle assembly 9 relative to the mold cavity; the rotation fine-tuning mechanism is an oil cylinder, an air cylinder, a gear mechanism or a chain transmission mechanism to adjust the left and right angle / direction of the nozzle assembly relative to the mold cavity.

[0178] Furthermore, the rotation fine-tuning mechanism is configured as a rotation cylinder 73, and a nozzle support plate 74 is fixed on the rotating shaft of the rotation cylinder 73; the pitch fine-tuning mechanism is a pitch cylinder 60075, and the pitch cylinder 60075 is hinged to the nozzle support plate 74, and the piston rod 752 of the pitch cylinder 60075 is hinged to the nozzle support plate 74, and the nozzle assembly 9 is hinged to the nozzle support plate 74 (specifically hinged to the hinge support 741 at the lower end), so that the pitch cylinder 60075 controls the pitch angle / direction of the nozzle assembly 9.

[0179] The nozzle fine-tuning mechanism includes a pitch fine-tuning mechanism and a rotation fine-tuning mechanism, wherein the nozzle assembly 9 is connected to the pitch fine-tuning mechanism and / or the rotation fine-tuning mechanism; the pitch fine-tuning mechanism can adjust the pitch angle / direction of the nozzle assembly 9; the rotation fine-tuning mechanism can adjust the rotation angle / direction of the nozzle assembly 9; the pitch fine-tuning mechanism and the rotation fine-tuning mechanism are interconnected and cooperated to adjust the angle / direction of the nozzle assembly 9 relative to the mold cavity to ensure the effect and quality of injection casting.

[0180] The template and template mechanism involved in the present invention need to match the rock surface and the steel arch frame to form a mold cavity, so the template mechanism can be set as a plate template, a combined template, a side template, an electromagnetic template, an airbag template, a belt template and / or a chain plate template.

[0181] The plate template (also known as flat template) includes a template 81, a template rotation adjustment mechanism and / or a template pitch adjustment mechanism. The surface of the template 81 is set as an arc surface. The template 81 is set on the template rotation adjustment mechanism and / or the template pitch adjustment mechanism; wherein the rotation adjustment mechanism can adjust the rotation angle of the template 81, and the template pitch adjustment mechanism can adjust the pitch angle of the template 81. The template 81 is hinged on the template support, and the template pitch adjustment mechanism is connected to the template support 85. The template pitch adjustment mechanism is connected to the template 81, so that the template pitch adjustment mechanism can adjust the pitch angle of the template 81 relative to the template support 85. The hinge point of the template support 85 and the template 81, and the connection point of the template pitch angle adjustment mechanism and the template 81 are all located at different heights in the same vertical direction of the template 81; the template pitch angle adjustment mechanism is set as an oil cylinder, a cylinder, a gear mechanism or a chain transmission mechanism.

[0182] Furthermore, the template pitch angle adjustment mechanism is set as a template pitch cylinder 86, the cylinder body 861 of the template pitch cylinder 86 is hinged on the template support 85, and its piston rod 862 is hinged on the template 81; wherein the hinge point of the piston rod 862 and the template 81 is located below the hinge point of the template support 85 and the template 81, so that the extension and retraction of the template pitch cylinder 86 controls the pitch angle of the template 81 relative to the template support 85.

[0183] The template support 85 is connected to the forearm mechanism 5 through a template rotation adjustment mechanism, so that the template rotation adjustment mechanism can adjust the rotation angle of the template 81. The template rotation adjustment mechanism is a mutually meshing gear mechanism, and the gear mechanism enables the template support 85 and the forearm mechanism 5 to rotate relative to each other at a certain angle, so that the rotation angle of the template can be adjusted. The template rotation adjustment mechanism is not specifically shown in the figure, but all existing rotation mechanisms can be applied here to realize the rotation control of the template support 85 with the axis of the forearm mechanism as the center line, so that the control of the template mechanism 8 is more precise and has stronger adaptability to working conditions. The specific implementation method of the template rotation adjustment mechanism can refer to the rotating cylinder 73 of the nozzle fine-tuning mechanism, and serve as a specific implementation method.

[0184] The curved surface of the template 81 has the same curvature as the steel arches arranged in the tunnel. When the template is attached to two or more adjacent steel arches, one or more mold cavities are formed between the template 81 and the rock wall and the steel arches. The surface of the template 81 is provided with a partition 811. When concrete is sprayed into the mold cavity, the partition 811 is placed between the concrete and the surface of the template 81, so that the concrete does not directly contact the surface of the template 81.

[0185] The template mechanism 8 in the present invention includes a template 81 and a transverse reinforcing rib plate 82 and a longitudinal reinforcing rib plate 83 arranged alternately on the back of the template 81; the curvature of the template 81 is the same as the curvature of the steel arch frame, and the outer plate surface of the template 81 is in close contact with two or more adjacent steel arch frames. The purpose of this arrangement is that when the template 81 covers two adjacent rows of steel arch frames in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel at the same time, a transverse mold cavity to be sprayed can be enclosed between the template 81 and the two rows of steel arch frames. When the template 81 covers multiple adjacent steel arch frames, multiple transverse mold cavities will be formed at the same height. Then, each time the template mechanism 8 moves upward from the bottom of the steel arch frame, a larger area that can be sprayed can be formed, so as to effectively improve the construction efficiency of mold spraying.

[0186] The template mechanism 8 and the nozzle assembly 9 are simultaneously mounted on the forearm mechanism 5, and the nozzle assembly 9 is located above the template mechanism 8. This ensures that the wet spray nozzle sprays from the top of the aforementioned transverse mold cavity to ensure the quality of spray casting.

[0187] A hinge support 84 is disposed on the back of the template 81 , and the hinge support 84 is connected to a template support 85 , and can be connected and fixed to the forearm mechanism through the template support 85 .

[0188] The template support 85 includes a support elbow, a support connecting plate and a template connecting seat. The support connecting plate is fixed to the horizontal top end of the support elbow, has the same shape as the forearm connecting plate 53, and is connected thereto by bolts.

[0189] The template connecting seat includes a template horizontal seat plate and a template vertical seat plate. The template horizontal seat plate is fixed to the vertical bottom end of the support elbow, and the template vertical seat plate is fixed to both sides of the template horizontal seat plate and connected to the template hinge support 84 through a rotating shaft.

[0190] A template pitch cylinder 86 is also connected between the back of the template 81 and the template support 85 to adjust the pitch angle of the template mechanism 8 .

[0191] A cylinder hinge support 854 is provided at the bottom of the template horizontal base plate between the two template vertical base plates to connect the cylinder 861 of the template pitch oil cylinder 86; a second hinge support 87 of the template pitch oil cylinder 86 is provided at the back of the template 81 and below the first hinge support 84 to connect the piston rod 862 of the template pitch oil cylinder 86.

[0192] The base plate of the template hinge support 84 is integrally formed with two longitudinal reinforcing rib plates 83 located in the center.

[0193] The side surfaces of the seat plates of all the hinge supports are provided with seat plate reinforcing ribs.

[0194] The partition layer 811 disposed on the outer surface of the template 81 is a replaceable wear-resistant plastic layer, which can be replaced very conveniently.

[0195] In actual use, the template mechanism 8 can be made into finished products of different sizes and specifications, which can be selected and used by different construction sites to meet different customer needs. Specifically, the template mechanism 8 can be made into one frame (can cover two adjacent steel arch frames at the same time), two frames (can cover three adjacent steel arch frames at the same time) or three frames (can cover four adjacent steel arch frames at the same time) or more, and all template mechanisms 8 are provided with template supports 85, which can be very conveniently connected and fixed with the forearm connecting plate of the forearm mechanism 5 through the template supports 85, so that the replacement operation of the template mechanism 8 is convenient and fast.

[0196] The mold spraying method can achieve zero rebound. Within the same operating range, the amount of concrete can be reduced by 20%-40%, while the amount of accelerating agent is reduced, with significant economic and social benefits; the surface finish is high, no post-shaping is required, the construction period is shortened, and the production efficiency is greatly improved; the construction safety is good, and the mechanical construction is remotely controlled throughout the process, which greatly improves the construction safety.

[0197] The specific structure of the template in the template mechanism is described, and the template includes a template 81, the edge contour of the template 81 is rectangular, and the working surface of the template 81 is set to an arc surface that convexes outward in the middle, so that the arc contour of the working surface is in the length direction of the template body. In the length direction of the working surface of the template 81, its curvature is set to match the curvature of the steel arch frame in the tunnel. Alternatively, the working surface of the template 81 is set to an arc surface, and the arc surface is arranged along the length direction of the template 81. On the non-working surface of the template 81, there are also provided a hinge support 1 84 connected to the control frame, and a hinge support 2 87 connected to the pitch angle adjustment mechanism, and the hinge support 2 87 and the hinge support 1 84 are both located at different heights in the same vertical direction of the template. Furthermore, the hinge support 2 87 of the template is located below the hinge support 1 84.

[0198] The working surface of the template is provided with a partition 811. When concrete is sprayed into the mold cavity, the partition 811 is placed between the concrete and the template surface so that the concrete does not directly contact the surface of the template. The partition 811 is made of flexible plastic, and the template is also provided with a continuous replacement mechanism for the partition.

[0199] The upper and lower ends of the template are respectively provided with a release reel and a recovery reel for the plastic interlayer, and the length of the plastic interlayer 811 is longer than the height of the template and not less than the width of the template; the plastic interlayer 811 is wound on the release reel, and is wound on the recovery reel after passing around the front surface of the template; and the recovery reel is connected to a driving device (not shown in the figure, it can be set as a rotating cylinder), so that the recovery reel rotates automatically to recover the damaged plastic interlayer segment, and the release reel is provided with an automatic locking mechanism (not shown in the figure) which can automatically lock the plastic interlayer in front of the template surface after being renewed.

[0200] Furthermore, the template is a modular structure, and is formed by a plurality of single templates that are folded / folded in the transverse / longitudinal direction; any two adjacent single templates are spaced apart from each other or connected together by hinges.

[0201] The present invention also discloses a mold spraying method for constructing a tunnel support layer using the above-mentioned template, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0202] S1: The big arm mechanism controls the template mechanism and the nozzle assembly to approach the target rock wall of the tunnel together, and the template pitch cylinder is used to adjust the angle of the template body relative to the rock wall, so that the template body, the rock surface and other auxiliary mechanisms / structures cooperate to form a mold cavity for pouring;

[0203] S2: On the template mechanism, the front-rear position and the lateral position of the nozzle assembly relative to the mold cavity are adjusted by the nozzle displacement mechanism, so that the nozzle assembly is located directly above the mold cavity; then the pitch angle and the lateral angle of the nozzle assembly relative to the mold cavity are adjusted by the nozzle fine adjustment mechanism, so that the nozzle assembly can face the pouring port at the top of the mold cavity at the best angle;

[0204] S3: The material injection system is turned on and concrete is delivered to the nozzle assembly. The nozzle of the nozzle assembly sprays concrete into the mold cavity until the mold cavity is poured;

[0205] S4: When the concrete in the mold cavity solidifies, the template mechanism is disengaged and moves upward along the tunnel rock wall, and a new mold cavity is formed according to the method of step S1, and the bottom of the template overlaps with the solidified concrete adjacent to the lower part, and the bottom of the new mold cavity is sealed by the solidified concrete; steps S2 and S3 are repeated to complete the casting of the new mold cavity.

[0206] S5: repeat step S4 to complete the spraying of the support layer from the bottom to the top of the single-side rock wall in this section;

[0207] Or spray the left rock wall for a while and then spray the right rock wall, alternating between spraying to the arch; or spray the left rock wall for a while and then spray the right rock wall for a while and then spray the right side directly to the arch, and then spray the left side to the arch.

[0208] S6: Turn the formwork mechanism and the nozzle assembly to the other side of the same section of the tunnel at the same time, and repeat steps S1-S5 to complete the formwork spraying of the rock wall on the other side of this section.

[0209] The method also includes step S7, in which the supporting concrete layers cast on the left and right side walls of the same section of the tunnel are overlapped at the top of the tunnel, and after the overlap is filled, it is supported and leveled with a formwork to complete the mold spraying of the tunnel contour of this section as a whole.

[0210] After the cast-in-place pouring of a section of rock wall is completed, steps SI-S7 are repeated to continuously perform cast-in-place pouring toward the depth of the tunnel.

[0211] Steel arches are arranged at intervals on the rock wall, and the template is attached to two or more adjacent steel arches, so that a mold cavity to be poured is formed between the template, the rock wall, the steel arches and the bottom surface of the tunnel or the adjacent lower solidified concrete.

[0212] During the formation of the first layer of mold cavity at the bottom of the rock wall of each section of the tunnel, the bottom of the template is brought into contact with the bottom surface of the tunnel, so that the bottom surface of the tunnel forms a seal with the bottom of the first layer of mold cavity.

[0213] According to the distance between the target rock wall and the boom turntable, the template mechanism and the nozzle assembly are initially adjusted by extending and retracting the slewing boom and controlling the rotation of the vertical rotating assembly of the boom turntable to approach the target rock wall.

[0214] When there is a lateral angle between the template and the rock wall, the forearm mechanism is controlled by the rotating mechanism to rotate the template slowly until the template remains parallel to the target rock wall to compensate for the angle between the template and the rock wall.

[0215] When the single-side rock wall spraying of the same section is completed, the horizontal rotating assembly of the boom turntable drives the rotating boom, the nozzle assembly and the formwork mechanism to rotate to the other side for spraying.

[0216] After the integral spraying of a rock wall section is completed, the sliding of the moving seat mechanism of the sliding mechanism carries the arm mechanism and the formwork mechanism and the nozzle assembly on the arm mechanism to move longitudinally into the tunnel as a whole, so that the longitudinal position of the arm mechanism in the tunnel is adapted to the spraying of the next rock wall section.

[0217] When the moving seat mechanism slides to the end of the track mechanism, and the rotation compensation of the boom turntable, the telescopic compensation of the slewing boom, and the accumulated rotation compensation of the rotating mechanism cannot make the template and the next section of the rock wall form a castable mold cavity, the moving seat mechanism can be retreated to the starting position of the track mechanism and the trolley can be moved forward once.

[0218] As the template mechanism moves upward, the angle between the template and the forearm mechanism continues to decrease, resulting in an increase in the distance between the top of the template mechanism and the nozzle assembly. The nozzle longitudinal slide can be adjusted accordingly to slide forward relative to the forearm mechanism so that the distance between the nozzle assembly and the newly formed mold cavity is maintained within an appropriate range.

[0219] During the continuous spraying process of the nozzle assembly into the mold cavity, the nozzle fixing seat continuously moves horizontally left and right on the transverse arm, so that the nozzle assembly on the nozzle fixing seat continuously moves left and right on the top of the mold cavity.

[0220] During the continuous spraying process of the nozzle assembly into the mold cavity, when the nozzle assembly moves close to the two sides of the mold cavity, the nozzle fine-tuning mechanism controls the nozzle assembly to rotate left and right at a small angle to ensure the concrete pouring quality at the connection between the mold cavity and the inner side of the steel arch frame and avoid hollowing at the connection.

[0221] In addition to the above construction method, multiple mold cavities can be formed at one time by one or more mold bodies, and a nozzle assembly is provided on each mold cavity to spray concrete into the mold cavity. It is also possible to use one nozzle to gradually spray concrete into multiple mold cavities one by one.

[0222] A vibration mechanism can also be arranged on the template body of the present invention to realize the concrete spraying and vibration at the same time, so that the concrete is more compact in the mold cavity.

[0223] The template and the material injection system of the present invention can also be separately arranged on two independent carriers to form two devices. The construction of the support layer is achieved through the cooperation of the two devices.

[0224] In addition, the template body can be set in a foldable multi-section template. After the folded multi-section template is unfolded, multiple mold cavities can be formed between two steel arches. The mold cavities directly cover the left wall, right wall and top of the tunnel, thereby improving the construction speed.

[0225] In addition, the template structure can also adopt a combined template. The present invention also provides another template structure and a construction method using the template structure.

[0226] like Figure 29-41 Among them, the combined formwork mechanism in the present invention includes a formwork group, which is composed of more than two single formworks, which are foldable / foldable in the horizontal and / or vertical directions; the integral formwork formed after the formwork group is unfolded can cooperate with the excavated rock surface to form at least one mold cavity; the formwork group is connected to the frame / carrier, and an opening and closing control mechanism is provided between the single formworks of the formwork group.

[0227] Furthermore, the template group is formed by two or more single templates, which are connected in a foldable / foldable manner in the transverse direction, and the adjacent single templates are hinged to each other and connected by an opening and closing control mechanism, and the opening and closing control mechanism can adjust the opening and closing of the adjacent single templates. The opening and closing control mechanism is set as a lateral cylinder 4006, and the cylinder body and piston rod of the lateral cylinder 4006 are respectively hinged on two adjacent templates; the template group is connected to the frame / carrier through a template support 4004. The template group also includes a pitch angle adjustment mechanism and / or a rotation angle adjustment mechanism, wherein the rotation adjustment mechanism can adjust the rotation angle of the template, and the pitch adjustment mechanism can adjust the pitch angle of the template.

[0228] Any single template can be hinged on the template support 4004, and the pitch angle adjustment mechanism is set as a template pitch cylinder 4005; the cylinder body of the template pitch cylinder 4005 is hinged on the template support 4004, and its piston rod is hinged on the single template connected to the template support, so that the template pitch cylinder 4005 can be extended and retracted to control the pitch angle of the template.

[0229] The template mechanism is connected to the frame / carrier through a forearm mechanism, the template group is connected to the forearm mechanism, and the forearm mechanism is connected to the template support through a rotation adjustment mechanism (not shown in the figure), which can control the rotation angle of the template group.

[0230] In addition, the combined formwork may also be structured as follows: the formwork group is formed by two or more single formworks connected in a foldable / foldable manner in the transverse direction, and adjacent single formworks are hinged to each other and connected by an opening and closing control mechanism, and the opening and closing control mechanism can adjust the opening and closing of adjacent single formworks. The transverse edges of the single formworks at both ends of the formwork group are provided with side formwork mechanisms 4003, and the side formwork mechanisms 4003 include side formwork components, and the side formwork components can be extended and retracted in a direction perpendicular to the connected single formworks and attached to the excavation surface of the tunnel, so that the formwork group, the excavation rock surface and the side formwork mechanisms can cooperate with each other to form a mold cavity.

[0231] The side formwork assembly is formed by a plurality of side formwork units 4031 arranged in a vertical direction, and each side formwork unit 4031 is respectively connected to a telescopic mechanism, so that any side formwork unit can telescopically move relatively independently.

[0232] The side mold mechanism also includes a side mold bracket 4032, which is fixed at the lateral edge of the connected single mold plate. The side mold bracket 4032 is arranged perpendicular to the connected single mold plate. The side mold unit 4031 is attached to the side of the lateral edge of the side mold mechanism and is placed in the side mold bracket for relative telescopic movement.

[0233] The side mold unit 4031 includes an inner stroke frame 4311, a side mold cover 4312 and a telescopic mechanism. The side mold cover 4312 can be slidably mounted on the inner stroke frame 4311. The telescopic mechanism is configured as an oil cylinder, an air cylinder, a gear mechanism or a chain transmission mechanism. The telescopic mechanism connects the side mold cover and the inner stroke frame, and controls the side mold cover to slide on the inner stroke frame.

[0234] In addition, the combined template can also be structured as follows: the template group includes a main template 4001, a sub-template 4002, a side template mechanism 4003, a template support 4004, a pitch cylinder 4005, a lateral cylinder 4006 and a hinge seat 4007, the main template 4001 is hinged on the template support 4004, and the two lateral sides of the main template 4001 are respectively hinged to the sub-template 4002. The lateral cylinder 4006 is provided on the middle template as an opening and closing control mechanism, and is respectively connected to and controls the opening and closing of the two sub-templates 4002; the integral template group formed by the three templates cooperates with the excavated rock surface to form one or more mold cavities.

[0235] That is, the template group is composed of three single templates, which are connected in a foldable / flippable manner in the horizontal direction, namely the middle main template 4001 and the auxiliary templates 4002 located on both sides of the main template. The combined formwork mechanism can integrally cover two or more adjacent steel arches erected on the tunnel excavation face at any height; the main formwork 4001 and the auxiliary formwork 4002 are hinged together by a hinge seat 4007; the piston rod of the lateral cylinder 4006 is connected to the auxiliary formwork 4002 by a hinge support 4021, and the backs of both sides of the main formwork 4001 are respectively provided with side cylinder hinge seat plates 4013 vertically protruding from the main formwork 4001, and the cylinder body of the lateral cylinder 4006 is connected to the side cylinder hinge seat plate 4013 by a hinge support 4014, so that the lateral angle between the auxiliary formwork 4002 and the main formwork 4001 can be controlled by controlling the extension and retraction of the piston rod of the lateral cylinder 4006, so as to realize the overall combined formwork mechanism to tightly fit the steel arches constituting the mold cavity in the section to be sprayed.

[0236] The width of the main formwork 4001 is greater than that of the secondary formwork 4002, and the width of the main formwork 4001 is also greater than the distance between the outer sides of two adjacent steel arch frames, so that the three-frame formwork group can adapt to the ups and downs between multiple steel arch frames and minimize the probability of gaps between the formwork group and the steel arch frames.

[0237] The template group includes a main template 4001 and two auxiliary templates 4002 located on both sides of the main template. The overall width can cover four adjacent continuous steel arches, so that three mold cavities to be poured are formed between the template group and the four steel arches. In this way, when the template group moves from bottom to top on the tunnel excavation surface, three horizontally continuous mold cavities can be sprayed and poured at the same time each time it moves, which undoubtedly greatly improves the construction efficiency of spraying. The reason why the template group is designed as a combined structure is mainly because the steel arches arranged in the tunnel after excavation, each adjacent two or more steel arches are not strictly in the same plane. If only a single large-span main template is used to cover multiple steel arches (such as more than three), the main template and the steel arch cannot form a closed mold cavity to the maximum extent, resulting in gaps in some of the joints, and then during the spraying process, concrete will leak out. By adopting a combined formwork group structure, the angle between the main formwork 4001 and the auxiliary formwork 4002 can be adjusted within a certain range, and the main formwork 4001 can be fully fitted with the two steel arch frames at the center. At the same time, by adjusting the angle between the auxiliary formworks 4002 on both sides and the main formwork 4001, the steel arch frames and the outer auxiliary formworks can be fit to the maximum extent, thereby reducing the probability of gaps, reducing the amount of concrete leakage, and improving the construction quality of spraying.

[0238] The front surfaces of the main formwork 4001 and the secondary formwork 4002 are curved surfaces, the curvature of which is as close as possible to the curvature of the steel arch frame, and the back of the main formwork 4001 is staggered with transverse reinforcing ribs 4015 and longitudinal reinforcing ribs 4016; the back of the secondary formwork 4002 is also staggered with transverse reinforcing ribs 4022 and longitudinal reinforcing ribs 4023 to enhance the overall strength of the main formwork 4001 and the secondary formwork 4002.

[0239] The back of the main template 4001 is hinged with a template support 4004, and can be connected to a carrier, such as a rotating arm of a mold spraying trolley, through the template support 4004. The main template 4001 is also provided with a pitch cylinder 4005, and the two ends of the pitch cylinder 4005 are respectively hinged with the template support 4004 and the back of the main template 4001, for adjusting the pitch angle of the entire template group.

[0240] Specifically, the back of the main template 4001 is provided with a template hinge support 4011, which is connected to the template support 4004 through the template hinge support 4011, and can be connected and fixed to the swivel arm through the template support 4004. The template support 4004 includes a support elbow 4041, a support connecting plate 4042 and a template connecting seat 4043, and the support connecting plate 4042 is fixed to the horizontal top of the support elbow 4041 to facilitate the connection of the swivel arm. The template connecting seat 4043 includes a template horizontal seat plate 4043a and a template vertical seat plate 4043b, and the template horizontal seat plate 4043a is fixed to the vertical bottom end of the support elbow 4041, and the template vertical seat plate 4043b is fixed to both sides of the template horizontal seat plate 4043a, and is connected to the template hinge support 4011 through a rotating shaft. A cylinder hinge support 4044 is provided at the bottom of the template horizontal seat plate 4043a and between the two template vertical seat plates 4043b to connect the cylinder of the pitch cylinder 4005; a piston rod hinge support 4012 of the pitch cylinder 4005 is provided at the back of the main template 4001 and below the template hinge support 4011 to connect the piston rod of the pitch cylinder 4005. In this way, when the mold spraying trolley drives the template group to move to different heights on the steel arch frame through the rotating big arm, the pitch angle of the entire template group can be freely adjusted by controlling the extension and contraction of the piston rod of the pitch cylinder 4005, so that the fit between the template group and the steel arch frame reaches the best state, so as to achieve the best mold spraying effect.

[0241] Preferably, the seat plate of the template hinge support 4011 is integrally formed with two longitudinal reinforcing ribs located in the center; the seat plate sides of all the above-mentioned hinge supports are provided with seat plate reinforcing ribs; the outer surfaces of the main template 4001 and the auxiliary template 4002 are provided with a layer of wear-resistant plastic interlayer to effectively protect the surface of the template group, and when the wear-resistant plastic interlayer does not meet the surface quality requirements, it can be replaced very conveniently.

[0242] In addition, the combined formwork may also be structured as follows: on the basis of Example 3, side formwork mechanisms are provided on both sides of the formwork group consisting of three formworks (i.e., the free side ends of the sub-formworks on both sides), and the side formwork mechanism 4003 for concrete spraying includes a side formwork bracket 4032 and a retractable side formwork assembly, the side formwork bracket 4032 is fixed to the edge of the connected formwork, the side formwork assembly is mounted on the side formwork bracket 4032, and can be retracted in a direction perpendicular to the connected formwork, the extended side formwork assembly can be against the excavated rock surface of the tunnel, so that the excavated rock surface, the formwork, and the side formwork assembly can cooperate with each other to form a mold cavity.

[0243] The side template assembly is composed of a number of continuously arranged side template units 4031, and each side template unit 4031 can perform independent telescopic movement. The side template unit 4031 includes an inner stroke frame 4311, a side template cover 4312 and a telescopic mechanism, and the side template cover 4312 is slidably mounted on the inner stroke frame 4311; the telescopic mechanism is configured as an oil cylinder, an air cylinder, a gear mechanism or a chain transmission mechanism, and the telescopic mechanism is used to control the side template cover 4312 to slide on the inner stroke frame. Further, the telescopic mechanism is configured as a telescopic cylinder 4313, the cylinder body of the telescopic cylinder 4313 is connected to the inner stroke frame 4311, the piston rod of the telescopic cylinder 4313 is connected to the side template cover 4312, and the side template cover 4312 is controlled to slide relative to the inner stroke frame 4311 by the telescopic movement of the piston rod. The telescopic cylinder 4313 is arranged inside the inner stroke frame 4311, and a plurality of sliders 4314 are evenly spaced between the inner stroke frame 4311 and the side mold cover 4312. The sliders 4314 are installed on the outer sides of the inner stroke frame 4311, and the installation position of each slider 4314 of the inner stroke frame 4311 is provided with a slider installation groove 4314a, and the slider 4314 is fixed in the slider installation groove 4314a by bolts. The slider 4314 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene plate, and the slider 4314 made of polytetrafluoroethylene plate has the characteristics of high strength and low friction coefficient, so that the side mold cover 4312 and the inner stroke frame 4311 slide more smoothly, avoiding direct contact between metals and causing large friction resistance. At the same time, the slider group composed of the sliders 4314 makes the contact area with the inner surface of the side mold cover 4312 smaller, further reducing the friction resistance. The inner travel frame 4311 and the side mold cover 4312 are both hollow rectangular structures, and longitudinal inner travel frame openings and side mold cover openings are respectively provided on the same side. A fixing seat 4315 is provided in the inner travel frame, and the cylinder body of the telescopic cylinder 4313 is installed on the fixing seat 4315; the fixing seat 4315 is connected to the side mold support 4032 on one side of the opening of the inner travel frame 4311. Further, the front and rear ends of the inner travel frame 4311 are respectively provided with fixing seats 4315, and cylinder mounting holes 4315b are provided on the front fixing seat and the rear fixing seat, and the cylinder body of the telescopic cylinder 4313 is fixed to the fixing seat 4315 through the cylinder mounting hole 4315b. Specifically, a plurality of evenly spaced cylinder connection screw holes 4315c are arranged around the cylinder through hole 315b of the front end fixing seat 4315, and a cylinder connection seat plate 4313a is arranged at the front end of the side mold cylinder body, and is fixed to the front end fixing seat 4315 by bolts. The bottom end of the fixing seat 4315 is a "convex"-shaped structure, and is fixed to the inner surface of the inner stroke frame 4311, and the top end extends out of the inner stroke frame opening of the inner stroke frame 4311, and is provided with a fixed horizontal plate 4315a, and the inner stroke frame 4311 is connected to the side mold bracket 4032 through the fixed horizontal plate 4315a.

[0244] The inner cavity of the inner stroke frame 4311 is evenly spaced with a number of U-shaped reinforcing ribs 4316 to enhance the overall strength of the inner stroke frame 4311 , and the U-shape is designed mainly to facilitate the installation of the side mold cylinder.

[0245] The front end of the inner wall of the side form cover 4312 is provided with a piston rod connection seat 4312a, which is connected to the top of the piston rod of the telescopic cylinder 4313. The front end of the side form cover 4312 is closed to prevent soil and subsequent sprayed concrete from entering the side form cover 4312 after the side form cover 4312 is extended to contact the excavation surface of the tunnel, thereby affecting the normal operation of the side form unit 4031. Further preferably, the side form cover 4312 may include a detachable side form outer cover fixed to the outside of the side form cover 4312. The specific fixing connection method is that the outer side surface of the side form cover 4312 can be welded with a number of evenly spaced connecting nuts 4312c, and the side form outer cover is correspondingly provided with screw holes, and then the side form outer cover is fixed to the side form cover 4312 by bolts; the side form outer cover has the same shape as the side form cover 4312, and at this time, the front end of the side form cover 4312 may no longer be closed, and only the front end of the side form outer cover needs to be closed. The function of the side mold cover is to effectively protect the side mold cover 4312, reduce direct wear on the side mold cover 4312, and increase the life of the side mold cover 4312. The side mold cover is also easy to replace to reduce the cost of use. The side mold support 4032 includes a fixed beam 4322 and a mounting frame 4321. The mounting frame 4321 includes a vertically parallel front mounting beam 4321a and a rear mounting beam 4321b, which are used to install the front end fixing seat and the rear end fixing seat respectively; the fixed beam 4322 is flush with the front mounting beam 4321a, and the side mold support 4032 is installed on the edge of the connected secondary mold plate 4002 through the fixed beam 4322.

[0246] A plurality of connecting plates 4321c are provided on the installation rear beam 4321b for connecting the fixed transverse plates 4315a of each rear end fixing seat 4315 by bolts.

[0247] In general, after the side formwork mechanism 4003 is symmetrically installed on both sides of the formwork group, it is necessary to ensure that the working surfaces (non-open vertical surfaces) of the side formwork covers of the side formwork units 4031 at both ends are opposite. Specifically, the straight working surfaces of all the side formwork covers on the same side form a combined side formwork, which can be closely attached to the outside of the steel arch frame and the tunnel excavation surface when it is extended as a whole, and can effectively make up for the gap between the steel arch frame and the uneven tunnel excavation surface. In use, the stroke amount extended by each side formwork unit on the same side is mainly determined by the unevenness of the front end excavation surface, not "going hand in hand". Such a combined structure makes the remedial closure of the mold cavity more compact, avoiding the disadvantage of using a whole side formwork, which also has gaps due to poor adaptability and adjustment. In addition, after the side formwork unit 4031 is installed on the side formwork bracket 4032, the top and bottom surfaces of the two adjacent side formwork covers on the same side can maintain weak contact or have very small gaps so as not to affect their independent sliding. At the same time, it can also effectively avoid large amounts of concrete leakage from the gaps due to large gaps.

[0248] In addition, the main function of introducing the side formwork mechanism 4003 is that, when performing spray casting construction, there is no need to set up a steel arch frame as a prerequisite. The extended side formwork unit 4031 and the formwork group cooperate with the excavated rock surface to naturally form a mold cavity, making the spray casting more adaptable and suitable for a variety of different working conditions.

[0249] Based on the principle of the template mechanism in the present invention, the side templates and the flat template / single template can be configured as air bags, or supported and controlled by air bags.

[0250] Therefore, the mold spraying method based on the above combined template is as follows:

[0251] Based on the working condition that the steel arch frame has been erected on the rock face of the tunnel, the mold spraying method of the initial support of the tunnel is carried out using the above-mentioned combined formwork mechanism. The combined value formwork mechanism is installed on a trolley and combined with the trolley for mold spraying construction. Specifically, the following steps are included:

[0252] S1: The formwork spraying trolley moves to the tunnel section to be sprayed, the trolley is started and the slewing arm is unfolded. The slewing arm carries the formwork mechanism and approaches the bottom of four continuous steel arches on one side of the excavation surface.

[0253] S2: Adjust the left and right positions of the formwork mechanism to ensure that the formwork mechanism can cover the four steel arch frames laterally; at the same time, adjust the pitch angle of the formwork mechanism so that the outer surface of the formwork mechanism fits the curvature of the steel arch frame to the maximum extent; then, the outer surface of the formwork mechanism is tightly attached to the steel arch frame, and ensure that the bottom edge of the formwork mechanism is in contact with the bottom surface of the tunnel excavation, so that the formwork mechanism, the steel arch frame and the bottom surface of the tunnel are enclosed to form three continuous horizontal mold cavities with top openings.

[0254] Step S2 also includes the following steps: when adjusting the left and right positions of the template mechanism, firstly, all the side template covers of the inner end side template assembly of the template mechanism located at the tunnel excavation end are slightly extended as a whole, and then adjusted to the point where the working surface of the side template cover is in close contact with the outer surface of the innermost steel arch frame, and then the pitch angle is adjusted; in the process of making the template mechanism close to the steel arch frame, first, the main template is in close contact with the two middle steel arch frames, and then the angle between the auxiliary templates at both ends and the main template is adjusted by the lateral cylinder, so that the auxiliary template is kept in close contact with the two outer steel arch frames; after the pitch angle adjustment is completed, all the side template covers of the inner end side template assembly continue to be extended outward until the top ends of the side template covers are respectively pressed against the excavation surfaces at their respective front ends.

[0255] S3: Adjust the spray head assembly to spray quick-setting concrete downward from the openings at the tops of the three transverse mold cavities in sequence.

[0256] S4: After the concrete at the bottom of the mold cavity solidifies, the rotating arm drives the support mold to gradually move upward along the steel arch frame; when the support mold moves, the nozzle assembly continues to spray quick-setting concrete into the newly formed mold cavity during the movement of the support mold, and moves to the top of the arch in sequence to complete the initial support pouring of the single-sided excavation surface of this section.

[0257] S5: After the top concrete solidifies, remove the support function of the formwork mechanism, rotate the slewing arm, adjust it so that the formwork mechanism faces the other side of the same section of the tunnel, and repeat steps S2-S4 to complete the initial support pouring on the other side; the initial support concrete layers poured on the left and right sides of the tunnel are overlapped at the top of the tunnel, and after filling the overlapped part, they are supported and leveled with formwork to complete the support of the tunnel contour of the section;

[0258] When the template mechanism rotates to the other side, the side mold cover of the outer end side mold assembly on this side is completely retracted, and steps S2-S4 are repeated.

[0259] For the template mechanism in actual use, in addition to the three-frame form in this embodiment, it can also be a single-frame form, which is generally used to form a single-width mold cavity with two adjacent steel arch frames; it can also be a double-frame form, that is, a main template is connected to a secondary template, which is generally used to form two continuous mold cavities with three adjacent steel arch frames. Of course, under this idea, the template mechanism can also adopt a structural form of more than three frames, which can be flexibly selected for use, but corresponding improvements must be made in the manufacture and use of the template mechanism, so it is difficult to avoid facing some new problems. Moreover, whether it is a single-frame, two-frame or three-frame template mechanism in this embodiment, both sides of it can be installed with side mold mechanisms to achieve the problem of controlling the leakage of concrete in the mold cavity during the spraying operation. It is just that the two side mold mechanisms of the single-frame template mechanism are installed at the two end sides of the main template at the same time, and the two side mold assemblies of the double-frame template mechanism are installed on the free end sides of the main template and the secondary template respectively, while for the three-frame template mechanism in this embodiment, they are all installed on the free end sides of the two secondary templates.

[0260] In addition, the template mechanism in the present invention can also adopt an electromagnetic template mechanism, and its structure is as follows:

[0261] like Figure 42-50 , a mold spraying device with an electromagnetic template, the mold spraying device includes a forearm mechanism 5001, a support frame 5002, a template top support frame 5003, an electromagnetic template 5004 and a spray gun 5005, the forearm mechanism 5001 is used to be rotatably installed on the trolley rotating arm, the support frame 5002 is fixed at the front end of the forearm mechanism 5001, the template top support frame 5003 is fixed at the front end of the support frame 5002, the electromagnetic template 5004 is installed with an electromagnet 5043, which can be adsorbed on the tunnel steel arch frame through the electromagnet when powered on, so that a mold cavity is formed between the electromagnetic template 5004 and the steel arch frame, and the spray gun 5005 can spray temporary support concrete into the mold cavity formed between the electromagnetic template 5004 and the steel arch frame.

[0262] The electromagnetic template 5004 is a curtain-type rollable structure, and the whole structure can be similar to the state of a rolling door. The electromagnetic template 5004 is composed of a number of template units, and the template units are connected to form the electromagnetic template 5004 as a whole through two or more parallel chains 5044 on the back; each template unit is equipped with an independent electromagnet 5043 and has an independent power supply circuit; the curtain-type electromagnetic template 5004 is usually rolled back and stored on the driving roller 5024. After the electromagnet of each template unit is energized, its two ends can be simultaneously adsorbed on two adjacent steel arch frames.

[0263] The template unit includes a template main unit 5041 and template sub-units 5042 connected to both ends of the template main unit 5041, and the electromagnet 5043 is installed on the template sub-units 5042 at both ends.

[0264] The template main unit 5041 and the template auxiliary unit 5042 are both rectangular parallelepiped structures and are connected by a ball head.

[0265] The template sub-unit 5042 includes a sub-unit U-shaped plate 5421 and a ball pin 5422 connected to the connecting end of the sub-unit U-shaped plate 5421. The ball pin 5422 includes a ball head plate 5422a and a ball head 5422b fixed on the ball head plate 5422a. The ball head plate 5422a can be fixed in the end groove of the sub-unit U-shaped plate 5421 by welding.

[0266] The two ends of the U-shaped plate 5421 of the secondary unit are also fixed with L-shaped fixing seat plates 5423, which can be fixed by welding; the electromagnet 5043 is fixed to the fixing seat plate 5423 by countersunk bolts. The adsorption surface of the electromagnet 5043 faces outwards and can be directly adsorbed on the steel arch frame.

[0267] The template main unit 5041 includes a main unit U-shaped plate 5411, and hemispherical head seats 5412 are arranged in the grooves at both ends of the main unit U-shaped plate 5411, and the ball head 5422b is fixed by a ball head tile cover 5413.

[0268] The main unit U-shaped plate 5411 is provided with a main unit cover plate 5414 between the hemispherical head seats 5412 at both ends of the opening side. The main unit cover plate 5414 can be a flat plate or a U-shaped plate, and is flush with the opening of the main unit U-shaped plate 5411 and fixed by welding.

[0269] The length of the template main unit 5041 is greater than the length of the template sub-unit 5042 .

[0270] The backs of the main template unit 5041 and the template sub-units 5042 at both ends of the curtain type electromagnetic template 5004 are respectively provided with chain fixing holes 5045, and the chain 5044 is composed of a plurality of chain units 5441, each chain unit 5441 is welded with a chain fixing plate 5442, and the chain fixing plate 5442 is fixed to the corresponding chain fixing hole 5045 by bolts.

[0271] When the template unit is an integral structure, when two adjacent steel arches are staggered to a certain extent, the electromagnets at both ends of the integral template unit and the steel arches form line contact, the force of magnetic adsorption is reduced, and a gap may be formed between the electromagnetic template 5004 and the steel arches, causing concrete leakage. The template unit is set as a three-section structure, and the electromagnet 5043 is installed on the template sub-unit 5042 at both ends, and the template sub-unit 5042 is connected to the template main unit 5041 through a ball head, so that the template sub-unit 5042 can have a certain adjustment space relative to the template main unit 5041. In this way, even if there are staggered fluctuations between adjacent steel arches, adaptive adjustments can be made so that the electromagnet 5043 maintains surface contact with the steel bracket to increase the adsorption force and maintain good sealing.

[0272] The template support frame 5003 includes more than two vertical support plates 5031 parallel to each other, and a plurality of support rollers 5032 are evenly spaced vertically on the front side of the vertical support plates 5031.

[0273] One or more supporting beams 5033 are arranged behind the vertical supporting plates 5031. The supporting beams 5033 and each vertical supporting plate 5031 are connected through a clamping oil cylinder 5331, and are also connected with a compensation spring 5332, which is sleeved on the piston rod of the clamping oil cylinder 5331. Two or more guiding beams 5034 are arranged behind the vertical supporting plates 5031. Each guiding beam 5034 is provided with a guiding bearing 5341 corresponding to each vertical supporting plate 5031, and the guiding bearing 5341 is sleeved on a guiding shaft 5311 fixed on the vertical supporting plate 5031. The supporting beams 5033 are located behind the guiding beams 5034, and the clamping oil cylinder 5331 passes through the gap between two adjacent guiding beams 5034.

[0274] More specifically, in this embodiment, the template top support frame 5003 includes a total of 4 vertical top support plates 5031, wherein the top and bottom of the two adjacent vertical top support plates 5031 in the middle are connected with an upper connecting roller shaft 5312 and a lower connecting roller shaft 5313, the upper connecting roller shaft 5312 is installed with an upper guide roller 5312a, the lower connecting roller shaft 5313 is installed with a lower guide roller 5313a, and the outer diameter of the lower guide roller 5313a is equal to the outer diameter of the roller, the outer diameter of the upper guide roller 5312a is larger than the outer diameter of the top support roller 5032, but the upper guide roller 5312a and the front end arc surface of the top support roller 5032 located on the same vertical top support plate 5031 remain flush. In this way, the two adjacent vertical top support plates 5031 in the middle are connected as a whole to form a middle top support unit, which is mainly used to support the main template unit 5041 of the electromagnetic template 5004; and the vertical top support plates 5031 on both sides form side top support units independent of the middle top support unit, which are respectively used to support the template sub-units 5042 of the electromagnetic template 5004. The purpose is to adapt to the situation that there is a certain misalignment between two adjacent steel arch frames, and the side top support unit can still support the template sub-units 5042 at both ends of the curtain-type electromagnetic template 5004 on the two adjacent steel arch frames to form a strong support, so that the magnetic adhesion between the electromagnetic template 5004 and the steel arch frame is closer and more stable, avoiding the occurrence of "explosion", and concrete will not leak from the sides of the two ends; and the middle top support unit forms a strong support for the main template unit 5041 in the center of the electromagnetic template 5004, so that the stability of the formed mold cavity is stronger.

[0275] The same large guide rollers 5321 are respectively arranged on the tops of the two outer vertical supporting plates 5031, and the outer diameter of the large guide rollers 5321 is the same as the outer diameter of the upper guide roller 5312a.

[0276] Preferably, the front side of the vertical support plate 5031 is provided with an arc adapted to the steel arch frame; the spacing between the two rows of support rollers on the two outer vertical support plates 5031 is equal to the spacing between two adjacent steel arch frames.

[0277] Preferably, an annular groove 5312b and an annular groove 5313b are respectively provided in the middle of the upper guide roller 5312a and the lower guide roller 5313a for accommodating the middle chain on the back of the electromagnetic template 5004, while the two chains at both ends of the electromagnetic template 5004 are located in the gap between the two outer vertical top support plates 5031 and the adjacent vertical top support plates 5031.

[0278] Preferably, the guide roller 5026 is provided with an annular groove (not shown in the figure) corresponding to the chain of the electromagnetic template 5004.

[0279] The support frame 5002 includes a connecting crossbeam 5021 connected to the lower front end of the forearm mechanism 5001, and the connecting crossbeam 5021 is connected to the forearm mechanism 5001 through a rotating hinge support 5211 fixed at the top center thereof. A lateral rotating cylinder 5212 is connected to either side of the connecting crossbeam 5021 and the same side as the front end of the forearm mechanism 5001, and the lateral rotating cylinder 5212 can be used to adjust the lateral angle of the support frame 5002; the support frame 5002 also includes two longitudinal main beams 5022 parallel to each other, and the two longitudinal main beams 5022 are connected to the forearm mechanism 5001. The rear end of the main beam 5022 is connected to the two end sides of the connecting crossbeam 5021 through a rotating shaft 5213; the front end tops of the two longitudinal main beams 5022 of the support frame 5002 are each provided with a mutually parallel supporting vertical beam 5023, the two ends of the supporting crossbeam 5033 are directly fixed on the supporting vertical beam 5023, and the two ends of the guiding crossbeam 5034 are respectively fixed on the front supporting beam 5231 welded to the front end surface of the supporting vertical beam 5023; a reinforcing oblique supporting beam 5221 is connected between the longitudinal main beam 5022 and the supporting vertical beam 5023.

[0280] A driving roller 5024 is also provided between the front ends of the two longitudinal main beams 5022 of the support frame 5002, and the driving roller 5024 can rotate forward or reversely under the action of the driving motor 5241. The driving roller 5024 can be used to store the curtain-like electromagnetic template 5004 when rotating forward, and can be used to release the curtain-like electromagnetic template 5004 when rotating reversely.

[0281] Two auxiliary supporting vertical beams 5025 that are parallel to each other and face upward are arranged perpendicular to the two longitudinal main beams 5022 and behind the supporting vertical beams 5023. A guide roller 5026 is arranged between the top ends of the two auxiliary supporting vertical beams 5025. Two annular baffles 5261 are fixed on both sides of the guide roller 5026 to correct the orientation of the curtain-type electromagnetic template 5004 to prevent it from becoming skewed during movement.

[0282] Two front and rear rotating oil cylinders 5027 are also connected between the connecting cross beam 5021 and the auxiliary supporting vertical beam 5025, which are used to adjust the pitch angle of the supporting frame 5002 to adapt to the layout of the electromagnetic template 5004 at different heights of the steel arch frame. Specifically, two downward lower supporting beams 5214 are arranged near the two lower end surfaces of the connecting cross beam 5021, and two side supporting beams 5251 facing inward are arranged in the middle of the two auxiliary supporting vertical beams 5025, and the two ends of the front and rear rotating oil cylinders 5027 are respectively connected to the lower supporting beam 5214 and the side supporting beam 5251.

[0283] A spray gun bracket 5006 is installed at the upper end of the forearm mechanism 5001, and the spray gun 5005 (also known as a nozzle assembly) is installed on the spray gun bracket 5006, and the spray gun 5005 can automatically slide forward and backward and left and right, and can also automatically adjust the forward and backward pitch rotation angle and left and right rotation angle. Specifically, a longitudinal slide rail 5011 is provided on the top of the forearm mechanism 5001, and the spray gun bracket 5006 is fixed on the longitudinal slide rail 5011 through a longitudinal slide seat 5061.

[0284] The spray gun bracket 5006 also includes a transverse slide rail 5062 and a longitudinally arranged spray gun arm 5063. The spray gun arm 5063 is fixed on the transverse slide rail through a transverse slide seat 5631. The spray gun 5005 is rotatably fixed to the front end of the spray gun arm 5063 through a spray gun hinge support 5051.

[0285] A spray gun oil cylinder 5052 is also connected between the rear end of the spray gun 5005 and the spray gun arm 5063 to adjust the pitch angle of the spray gun 5005 .

[0286] Fig. 9 The specific structure of the mold spraying trolley includes a trolley frame I, a sliding frame II, a sliding trolley III, a large arm turntable IV, a rotating large arm V, and a pumping mechanism VI. The forearm mechanism 5001 is rotatably installed at the front end of the rotating large arm V through a forearm connecting seat. Driven by the rotating large arm V, through the action of the forearm mechanism 5001, the wet spraying nozzle and the electromagnetic template 5004 can move synchronously.

[0287] The tail end of the slewing boom V is mounted on a boom turntable IV, which includes a vertical rotation component that can drive the slewing boom V to rotate back and forth in a vertical plane; the boom turntable IV also includes a horizontal rotation component that can drive the slewing boom V to rotate horizontally.

[0288] The vertical rotation assembly of the boom turntable IV is a gear rotation assembly, which can drive the slewing boom V to rotate more than 240 degrees in the vertical plane. Compared with the traditional engineering vehicle boom supported by hydraulic cylinders and providing rotation power, the traditional boom can only rotate about 60 degrees on one side, which is completely unable to meet the needs of this spraying trolley for full-angle spraying in each section of the tunnel.

[0289] A sliding frame II is installed on the trolley frame I along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body, a sliding trolley III is installed on the sliding frame II, and the boom turntable IV is rotatably installed on the sliding trolley III; the sliding trolley III carries the boom turntable IV and can slide along the longitudinal direction of the sliding frame II.

[0290] The distance that the sliding trolley III can slide longitudinally on the sliding frame II is greater than Ⅲ-Ⅳ times the distance between two adjacent rows of steel arch frames. Specifically, the length of the sliding frame II can be equal to the width of three steel arch frames, that is, equal to the distance between the two outer steel arch frames of four adjacent steel arch frames (in terms of engineering practice, the distance between two adjacent steel arch frames is generally 1 meter, and the length of the sliding frame II is 3 meters), so that the moving distance of the sliding trolley III on the sliding frame II can at least reach the distance between the two outer steel arch frames of three adjacent steel arch frames. This is mainly because the width of the electromagnetic template 5004 can only cover two adjacent steel arch frames horizontally. In this way, in conventional tunnel construction, the mold spraying construction of three consecutive wet spray templates can be met without moving the car, avoiding frequent moving of the car and affecting the progress of construction. For wider wet spray templates, such as the three wet spray templates invented by the applicant can cover the three horizontal mold cavities formed by four adjacent consecutive rows of steel arch frames, so such a design is not very necessary. Of course, the length of the sliding frame II is not limited to be equal to the width of the three steel arch frames. In theory, it can be processed longer with the length of the trolley frame I, so as to achieve the purpose of spraying a wider tunnel surface in a single move. The mold spraying trolley also includes a pumping mechanism VI, which can automatically transport concrete wet spraying materials to the wet spraying nozzle.

[0291] The working process of the above-mentioned mold spraying device is as follows: during the construction process, the forearm mechanism, the electromagnetic template, the template top support frame, etc. are adjusted to make the electromagnetic template adsorbed onto the steel arch frame to form a mold cavity with a height of about one meter (the height of the template top support frame), the angle of the nozzle is adjusted, and concrete is started to be sprayed into the mold cavity. During the spraying process, more and more concrete accumulates, and the forearm mechanism begins to move along the steel arch frame. While the forearm mechanism moves, the drive motor rotates and releases the electromagnetic template on the reel at the same time. The electromagnetic template is pressed onto the steel arch frame through the clamping cylinder, the top support plate, the spring compensation and other devices. At the same time, the electromagnetic template is energized and adsorbed onto the steel arch frame to form a new mold cavity again. According to this movement method, the support frame is continuously moved to release the formwork, gradually forming a new mold cavity, and the nozzle continuously sprays concrete to continuously carry out mold spraying support. When the arch is reached, the concrete spraying is stopped. After the sprayed concrete is completely solidified, the electromagnets are de-energized one by one from the arch to the lower end, and the drive motor rotates in the opposite direction. The arm moves down synchronously to complete the recovery of the electromagnet formwork, realizing continuous initial support without rebound and dust.

[0292] The die spraying method using an electromagnetic template comprises the following steps:

[0293] S1: The spraying trolley moves to the tunnel section to be sprayed, starts the trolley and unfolds the slewing arm. The slewing arm carries the support frame and the curtain-type electromagnetic formwork and approaches the bottom of two adjacent steel arch frames on one side of the excavation surface.

[0294] S2: The section of the electromagnetic formwork located in front of the support frame is pressed against the two steel arch frames from the bottom, and forms a mold cavity to be poured with the steel arch frames.

[0295] S3: Adjust the position and angle of the spray gun, turn on the spray gun and spray quick-setting concrete downward from the opening at the top of the horizontal mold cavity to complete the pouring of the initial section of concrete.

[0296] S4: After the initial concrete at the bottom of the mold cavity solidifies, the template unit of the electromagnetic template is extended upward and attached to the two steel arch frames to form a new mold cavity. When the electromagnetic template is extended, the spray gun continuously sprays quick-setting concrete into the newly released template unit and the newly formed mold cavity of the steel arch frame until the top of the arch, so as to complete the initial support pouring of this section of the single-sided excavation surface.

[0297] S5, after the top concrete solidifies, the revolving arm gradually moves downward with the support frame and the electromagnetic formwork, and at the same time drives the drum to rotate in the opposite direction to recover the curtain-type electromagnetic formwork; the revolving arm rotates horizontally with the support frame and the electromagnetic formwork, so that the electromagnetic formwork faces the other side of the same section of the tunnel, and repeats steps S1-S4 to complete the initial support pouring on the other side of this section of the tunnel.

[0298] In steps S1 and S2, the driving roller rotates forwardly under the action of the driving motor, releasing the curtain-type electromagnetic template, so that the free end of the electromagnetic template hangs down to the bottom flush with the bottom of the template top support frame, and the left and right positions of the support frame are adjusted to ensure that the curtain-type electromagnetic template can cover the two steel arch frames laterally; then the outer surface of the released electromagnetic template located in front of the support frame is tightly attached to the steel arch frame, and it is ensured that the bottom edge of the electromagnetic template is in contact with the bottom surface of the tunnel excavation, so that the electromagnetic template, the steel arch frame and the bottom surface of the tunnel are enclosed to form a horizontal mold cavity with a top opening.

[0299] In step S2: the power circuits of the electromagnets of the template units are connected from bottom to top in sequence, so that the template units in contact with the steel arch frame are magnetically adsorbed on the steel arch frame; at the same time, the pitch angle of the support frame is adjusted so that the outer surface of the electromagnetic template fits the curvature of the steel arch frame to the maximum extent, and the swivel arm is adjusted so that the template top support frame supports the fitting section between the electromagnetic template and the steel arch frame.

[0300] In step S4, after the initial concrete at the bottom of the mold cavity solidifies, the rotating arm drives the support frame to gradually move upward along the steel arch frame, and at the same time, the driving roller is started again and continuously rotated in the forward direction to continuously release the template units of the curtain type electromagnetic template.

[0301] In step S4, the release speed of the electromagnetic template is equal to the upward movement speed of the steel arch frame, and it is ensured that when the newly released template unit contacts the steel arch frame, the electromagnet carried by it is immediately energized and adsorbed on the steel arch frame.

[0302] When the support frame moves upward along the steel arch frame, the top support roller on the template top support frame rolls over the back of the electromagnetic template, and at the same time, during the rolling process, direct support is formed for the electromagnetic template.

[0303] During the release and recovery process of the electromagnetic template, the middle chain on the back of the electromagnetic template slides through the annular grooves of the upper guide roller and the lower guide roller; the chains on both sides slide between the middle top support unit and the side top support unit.

[0304] The initial support concrete layers poured on the left and right sides of the same section of the tunnel are overlapped at the top of the tunnel, and after filling the overlapped area, they are supported and leveled with formwork to complete the support of the tunnel contour of the section.

[0305] In addition, the template mechanism in the present invention can also adopt a belt template / crawler template mechanism, and its structure is as follows:

[0306] like Figures 51-56 The belt formwork assembly for initial tunnel support spraying can be installed as a whole on the rotating arm of the spraying trolley, including a flexible annular belt formwork 6002 and a formwork support 6001. A plurality of belt support rollers 6003 are installed horizontally side by side on the front side of the formwork support 6001. The belt formwork is sleeved on the belt support rollers 6003. The front end belt formwork can be tightly attached to two adjacent steel arch frames, so that a mold cavity to be poured is formed between the belt formwork and the steel arch frames.

[0307] On the template support 6001, an upper direction-changing roller 6031 and a lower direction-changing roller 6032 are respectively arranged at the top and bottom of the inner side of the belt template; and the diameters of the upper direction-changing roller 6031 and the lower direction-changing roller 6032 are larger than the diameter of the belt support roller 6003, and the front curved surfaces of the upper direction-changing roller 6031 and the lower direction-changing roller 6032 and the belt support roller 6003 are kept flush. The template support 6001 includes rectangular side frames 6011 located on both sides, and an upper connecting crossbeam 6012 and a lower connecting crossbeam 6013 are arranged at the rear ends of the two side frames 6011. An upper bracket 6011a and a lower bracket 6011b are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the side frames 6011 on both sides, so as to fix the upper direction-changing roller 6031 and the lower direction-changing roller 6032 respectively.

[0308] The roller shaft of the lower direction-changing roller 6032 is connected with a driving motor 6321, and the lower direction-changing roller 6032 with the driving motor 6321 can drive the belt template to rotate in the forward or reverse direction. In actual design, the driving motor can also be connected with the upper direction-changing roller 6031 to achieve the same technical effect.

[0309] On the template support 6001, a tensioning main roller 6033 is arranged on the inner side of the rear end belt template, which can extend the belt template backward to achieve the effect of tensioning the belt template; further, on the template support 6001, a tensioning auxiliary roller 6034 is respectively arranged above and below the tensioning main roller 6033 to cooperate with the tensioning main roller 6033 to enhance the tensioning effect.

[0310] The belt support roller 6003 is fixed to the side frames 6011 on both sides through the support roller seat 6004. The support roller seat 6004 includes a first seat plate 6041 and a first perforated ear plate 6042. The first perforated ear plate 6042 is vertically fixed to the front side of the first seat plate 6041 and is used to fix the roller shaft of the support roller. The first seat plate 6041 is fixed to the side frame 6011 through the first support cylinder 6043. The side frame 6011 includes a front vertical beam 6111 and a rear vertical beam 6112. An auxiliary vertical beam 6014 is fixed to the inner side of the rear vertical beam 6112 of the side frame. The cylinder body of the first support cylinder 6043 is fixed to the front side of the auxiliary vertical beam 6014, and the piston rod is fixed to the rear side of the first seat plate 6041.

[0311] The supporting roller seat 6004 also includes a first guide shaft 6044 vertically connected to the rear side of the first seat plate 6041, and the first guide shaft 6044 is inserted into a first guide shaft sleeve 6045 fixed on the front vertical beam 6111 of the side frame.

[0312] The connection between the side frame front vertical beam 6111 and the first guide sleeve 6045 is provided with a first through hole 6111a which is in communication with the inner hole of the first guide sleeve 6045, and the first guide shaft 6044 can pass through the first through hole 6111a and enter between the side frame front vertical beam 6111 and the side frame rear vertical beam 6112. This makes the formwork support 6001 more compact, and the support roller is not too far forward because the first guide shaft 6044 needs to reach a corresponding stroke, thereby reducing the overall stability of the formwork assembly.

[0313] The main roller seat 6005 of the tensioning main roller 6033 is the same as the supporting roller seat 6004, including a second seat plate 6051, a second perforated ear plate 6052, a second supporting cylinder 6053 and a second guide shaft 6054, and its specific functions are the same as those in the supporting roller seat. However, the specific installation method is different. The main roller seat 6005 of the tensioning main roller 6033 is installed in the middle of the side frames 6011 on both sides, and an L-shaped seat plate 6056 for fixing the second supporting cylinder 6053 of the main roller seat 6005 is welded on the front side of the front vertical beam 6111 of the side frame. The L-shaped seat plate 6056 includes a fixing plate 6056a and a connecting plate 6056b. The fixing plate 6056a is directly and vertically welded to the front side of the front vertical beam 6111 of the side frame, and the connecting plate 6056b is parallel to the front side of the front vertical beam 6111 of the side frame and extends between the two side frames 6011, so that its free end exceeds the inner side of the front vertical beam 6111 of the side frame connected thereto.

[0314] Furthermore, the second seat plate 6051 of the main roller seat 6005 is located outside the rear side of the rear vertical beam 6112 of the side frame, and its second perforated ear plate 6052 is fixed to the rear side of the second seat plate 6051. The auxiliary vertical beam 6014 is provided with a break 6141 at a position opposite to the tensioning main roller 6033, so as to divide each auxiliary vertical beam 6014 into two sections. The second supporting cylinder 6053 passes through the break 6141, and its cylinder body is fixed on the connecting plate 6056b, and the piston rod is fixed on the front side of the second seat plate 6051.

[0315] Further, corresponding to the position of the second guide shaft 6054 of the main roller seat 6005, the second guide sleeve 6055 is fixed between the side frame front vertical beam 6111 and the side frame rear vertical beam 6112, and the second through hole 6111b and the third through hole 6112a which are connected with the inner hole of the second guide sleeve 6055 are arranged at the corresponding positions on the side frame front vertical beam 6111 and the side frame rear vertical beam 6112. Here, the second guide sleeve 6055 also plays a role in strengthening the strength of the side frame 6011.

[0316] Corresponding to the tensioning main roller 6033, the tensioning auxiliary roller 6034 is installed on the front sides of both ends of the break 6141 of the auxiliary vertical beam 6014 through the auxiliary roller seat 6341. The auxiliary roller seat 6341 only includes the third seat plate 6341a and the third perforated ear plate 6341b, and no longer needs to be connected to the cylinder and the guide shaft.

[0317] There are two upper connecting beams 6012, and a template hinge support 6015 is fixed in the middle of the two upper connecting beams 6012. The template hinge support 6015 is hinged to the template support 6006, and the template support 6001 is fixed to the front end of the rotating arm of the mold spraying trolley through the template support 6006. A pitch cylinder 6007 is connected between the middle of the lower connecting beam 6013 and the template support 6006, which is used to adjust the pitch angle of the template support 6001.

[0318] The template support 6006 includes a support elbow 6061, a support connecting plate 6062 and a template connecting seat 6063. The support connecting plate 6062 is fixed to the horizontal top of the support elbow 6061. The template support 6006 can be fixed to the front end of the rotating arm of the trolley through the support connecting plate 6062.

[0319] The template connecting seat 6063 includes a template horizontal seat plate 6063a and a template vertical seat plate 6063b. The template horizontal seat plate 6063a is fixed to the vertical bottom end of the support elbow 6061. The template vertical seat plate 6063b has two pieces, which are respectively fixed on both sides of the template horizontal seat plate 6063a and connected to the template hinge support 6015 through a rotating shaft.

[0320] A cylinder body hinge support 6064 is arranged at the bottom of the horizontal seat plate 6063a of the template and between the two vertical seat plates 6063b of the template to connect the cylinder body of the pitch cylinder 6007; a piston rod hinge support 6016 of the pitch cylinder 6007 is arranged on the back of the wet spray template and under the template hinge support 6015 to connect the piston rod of the pitch cylinder 6007.

[0321] Figure 6 The specific structure of the mold spraying trolley includes a trolley frame I, a sliding frame II, a sliding trolley III, a large arm turntable IV, a rotating large arm V, a wet spraying forearm VI and a pumping mechanism VII. The wet spraying forearm VI is rotatably mounted on the front end of the rotating large arm V through a forearm connecting seat VI-1. Driven by the rotating large arm V and through the action of the wet spraying forearm VI, a wet spraying nozzle (not shown in the figure) can be mounted on the top of the wet spraying forearm VI through a nozzle moving assembly mechanism (not shown in the figure). The belt template assembly is mounted on the front end of the wet spraying forearm VI through a template support 6006, so that the wet spraying nozzle can be kept above the top of the belt template assembly, so that the belt template assembly and the wet spraying nozzle can move or rotate as a whole with the wet spraying forearm VI at any time. The wet spray nozzle can move longitudinally along the wet spray forearm VI, can also move laterally on the nozzle moving assembly mechanism, can also adjust the pitch angle independently, and can also rotate automatically to meet various operational requirements during the mold spraying process.

[0322] The tail end of the slewing boom V is mounted on a boom turntable IV, which includes a vertical rotation component that can drive the slewing boom V to rotate back and forth in a vertical plane; the boom turntable IV also includes a horizontal rotation component that can drive the slewing boom V to rotate horizontally.

[0323] The vertical rotation assembly of the boom turntable IV is a gear rotation assembly, which can drive the slewing boom V to rotate more than 240 degrees in the vertical plane. Compared with the traditional engineering vehicle boom supported by hydraulic cylinders and providing rotation power, the traditional boom can only rotate about 60 degrees on one side, which is completely unable to meet the needs of this spraying trolley for full-angle spraying in each section of the tunnel.

[0324] A sliding frame II is installed on the trolley frame I along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body, a sliding trolley III is installed on the sliding frame II, and the boom turntable IV is rotatably installed on the sliding trolley III; the sliding trolley III carries the boom turntable IV and can slide along the longitudinal direction of the sliding frame II.

[0325] The distance that the sliding trolley III can slide longitudinally on the sliding frame II is greater than 2-3 times the distance between two adjacent rows of steel arch frames. Specifically, the length of the sliding frame II can be equal to the width of three steel arch frames, that is, equal to the distance between the two outer steel arch frames of four adjacent steel arch frames (in terms of engineering practice, the distance between two adjacent steel arch frames is generally 1 meter, then the length of the sliding frame II is 3 meters), so that the moving distance of the sliding trolley III on the sliding frame II can at least reach the distance between the two outer steel arch frames of three adjacent steel arch frames. The width of this main belt template can only cover two adjacent steel arch frames horizontally, so in conventional tunnel construction, the mold spraying construction of three consecutive wet spraying templates can be met without moving the car, avoiding frequent moving of the car and affecting the progress of construction. For wider wet spraying templates, such as the three wet spraying templates invented by the applicant can cover the three horizontal mold cavities formed by four consecutive adjacent rows of steel arch frames, so such a design is not very necessary. Of course, the length of the sliding frame II is not limited to be equal to the width of the three steel arch frames. In theory, it can be processed longer with the length of the trolley frame I, so as to achieve the purpose of spraying a wider tunnel surface in a single move. The mold spraying trolley also includes a pumping mechanism VI, which can automatically transport concrete wet spraying materials to the wet spraying nozzle.

[0326] The working process of the above-mentioned belt formwork assembly is as follows: during the construction process, adjust the swivel arm and the formwork support, etc., so that the belt formwork is close to the lower ends of the two adjacent steel arch frames, so that a mold cavity with a height of about one meter (the upper and lower heights of the belt formwork) is formed between the belt formwork and the two steel arch frames, adjust the angle of the nozzle, and start spraying concrete into the mold cavity. During the spraying process, more and more concrete accumulates. After the concrete solidifies, the swivel arm drives the formwork support to move upward along the steel arch frame. While the wet spraying forearm moves, the drive motor rotates forward, driving the front end of the belt formwork to rotate from top to bottom, and keeping the belt formwork. The rotation speed is consistent with the moving speed of the formwork support, so that the belt formwork is equivalent to a walking track moving from bottom to top on the steel arch frame; while moving, the telescopic end of the rotating arm is continuously adjusted, and combined with the adjustment of the pitch cylinder, the lateral ends of the belt formwork are always kept close to the two steel arch frames, so that new mold cavities are continuously formed, and at the same time, the sprinkler continuously sprays concrete, and continuously carries out mold spraying support. When it reaches the top of the tunnel section and completes the single-sided spraying of the tunnel section, when it is finally solidified, the formwork support and the belt formwork are recovered through the rotating arm to achieve continuous initial support without rebound and dust.

[0327] The method for using the above-mentioned belt formwork assembly to spray the initial support of the tunnel is as follows:

[0328] S1: The formwork spraying trolley moves to the tunnel section to be sprayed, starts the trolley, unfolds the slewing arm, and the slewing arm carries the formwork support and the belt formwork close to the bottom of the two adjacent steel arches on one side of the excavation surface.

[0329] S2: The formwork support with the belt formwork is tightly attached to the two steel arches from the bottom, and forms a mold cavity to be poured with the steel arches.

[0330] S3: Adjust the position and angle of the nozzle, turn on the nozzle and spray quick-setting concrete downward from the opening at the top of the horizontal mold cavity to complete the pouring of the initial stage of concrete.

[0331] S4: After the initial concrete at the bottom of the mold cavity solidifies, the formwork support carries the belt formwork and moves slowly from bottom to top along the steel arch frame under the action of the rotating arm. During the movement, the front end of the belt formwork is always kept close to the two steel arch frames to continuously form a new mold cavity. The nozzle continuously sprays quick-setting concrete into the newly formed mold cavity until the arch top, so as to complete the initial support pouring of this section of the single-sided excavation surface.

[0332] S5, after the top concrete solidifies, the rotating arm retracts the formwork support and the belt formwork, and rotates the formwork support and the belt formwork horizontally, so that the formwork support faces the other side of the same section of the tunnel, and repeats steps S1-S4 to complete the initial support pouring on the other side of this section of the tunnel.

[0333] In step S4, during the movement of the template support, the driving motor is always kept rotating in the positive direction so that the front end of the belt template can keep rotating from top to bottom.

[0334] In step S4, during the movement of the template support, the rotation speed of the belt template is equal to the movement speed of the template support.

[0335] In step S4, during the movement of the formwork support, the slewing arm is continuously and slowly extended forward, and the piston rod of the pitch cylinder is continuously retracted to adaptively adjust the pitch angle between the formwork support and the slewing arm, so that the belt formwork can fit the curvature of the steel arch frame to the maximum extent.

[0336] In steps S3 and S4, the template support roller always maintains its supporting effect on the front end of the belt template, and under the action of the supporting cylinder, the movement ups and downs of the template support caused by the unevenness of the steel arch frame can be effectively buffered, and it is beneficial to keep the belt template always in close contact with the steel arch frame, avoiding the leakage of the sprayed concrete from both sides.

[0337] In steps S3 and S4, under the action of the tensioning main roller and the tensioning auxiliary roller, the change in the tightness of the belt template caused by the expansion and contraction of the impact support cylinder can be effectively compensated, so that the belt template can be kept within a certain tensioning range throughout the whole process.

[0338] In step S4, during the rotation of the belt template, the template support roller is kept rolling on the inner side of the front end of the belt template and forms a strong support for the belt template.

[0339] It also includes step S6, in which the initial support concrete layers poured on the left and right sides of the same section of the tunnel are overlapped at the top of the tunnel, and after filling the overlapped part, they are supported and leveled with formwork to complete the support of the tunnel contour of the section; after the mold spraying of the arc area between a steel arch frame (two adjacent steel arch frames and the area between them is one frame) is completed, the sliding trolley carrying the revolving arm can be moved forward twice along the sliding frame on the trolley, and the moving distance each time is equal to the width between two adjacent steel arch frames, and steps S1-S5 are repeated each time it moves.

[0340] After the trolley is moved once and the spraying of three consecutive steel arches is completed, the trolley is moved forward by a distance of the length of a sliding frame (or the width of three steel arches), and steps S1-S6 are repeated until the initial spraying support of the entire tunnel is completed.

[0341] In practice, the length of the mold spraying trolley sliding frame is generally designed to be the width of three steel arch frames, that is, the distance between the two outer steel arch frames of four consecutive steel arch frames, and the trolley is moved at one time through the movement of the sliding trolley, which can meet the mold spraying of three consecutive steel arch frames, reducing the number of trolley moves and improving the efficiency of mold spraying. In theory, the sliding frame can be designed to be longer, but it will be limited by the length of the trolley and the curvature of the tunnel, and cannot be made too long, which will bring higher requirements and possible troubles to subsequent operations.

[0342] The belt / belt mechanism in the above belt template can be replaced by a crawler belt or crawler belt mechanism.

[0343] In addition, when one or more support arms are used, a nozzle displacement mechanism can be provided at the end of the nozzle fine-tuning mechanism and the support arm, so that the nozzle fine-tuning mechanism and the nozzle displacement mechanism are combined to form a nozzle displacement assembly. The nozzle assembly is arranged on the transverse movement mechanism, and the transverse movement mechanism drives the nozzle assembly to move transversely; the transverse movement mechanism is arranged on the longitudinal movement mechanism, and the longitudinal movement mechanism drives the transverse movement mechanism and the nozzle assembly to move longitudinally as a whole. The nozzle assembly 9 can be connected to the forearm mechanism 5 alone through the nozzle fine-tuning mechanism or the nozzle displacement mechanism; the position and angle of the nozzle assembly 9 relative to the template mechanism / mold cavity can be controlled.

[0344] For example:

[0345] The nozzle displacement mechanism includes a longitudinal movement mechanism and a transverse movement mechanism; a nozzle assembly 9 is arranged on the longitudinal movement mechanism and / or the transverse movement mechanism, the longitudinal movement mechanism can adjust the displacement of the nozzle assembly in the longitudinal direction, and the transverse movement mechanism can adjust the displacement of the nozzle assembly in the transverse direction; the longitudinal movement mechanism and the transverse movement mechanism are interconnected and cooperated to control the nozzle assembly to move to any displacement point on the same plane.

[0346] The nozzle assembly 9 is arranged on the transverse movement mechanism, and the transverse movement mechanism drives the nozzle assembly to move transversely; the transverse movement mechanism is arranged on the longitudinal movement mechanism, and the longitudinal movement mechanism drives the transverse movement mechanism and the nozzle assembly to move longitudinally as a whole.

[0347] The nozzle displacement assembly. The nozzle fine-tuning mechanism and the nozzle displacement mechanism can also be connected to form a nozzle displacement assembly to control the displacement of the nozzle assembly 9 relative to the template mechanism 8 / mold cavity. The nozzle fine-tuning mechanism and the nozzle displacement mechanism constitute a nozzle moving assembly mechanism to achieve the control of the longitudinal and lateral distance relationship between the nozzle assembly 9 and the mold cavity, as well as the angle / direction relationship relative to the mold cavity.

[0348] For example:

[0349] The nozzle displacement mechanism includes a longitudinal movement mechanism and a transverse movement mechanism; a nozzle fine-tuning mechanism is arranged on the longitudinal movement mechanism and / or the transverse movement mechanism, the longitudinal movement mechanism can adjust the displacement of the nozzle fine-tuning mechanism and the nozzle assembly 9 in the longitudinal direction, and the transverse movement mechanism can adjust the displacement of the nozzle fine-tuning mechanism and the nozzle assembly 9 in the transverse direction; the longitudinal movement mechanism and the transverse movement mechanism are interconnected and cooperated to control the nozzle assembly 9 to move to any displacement point on the same plane.

[0350] The longitudinal movement mechanism adjusts the displacement of the nozzle assembly 9 in the longitudinal direction by controlling the nozzle fine-tuning mechanism; the transverse movement mechanism adjusts the displacement of the nozzle assembly 9 in the transverse direction by controlling the nozzle fine-tuning mechanism; the longitudinal movement mechanism and the transverse movement mechanism are connected to each other and cooperate with each other to control the movement of the nozzle assembly 9 to any displacement point on the same plane. Through the comprehensive control of the nozzle displacement mechanism and the nozzle fine-tuning mechanism, the nozzle assembly 9 is optimized in the injection position and injection angle / direction relative to the mold cavity, achieving the best mold injection effect and effectively improving the efficiency of mold injection.

[0351] The transverse movement mechanism includes a transverse movement arm 6 and a nozzle fixing seat 7, and the transverse movement arm 6 is provided with a transverse guide and a transverse movement driving member, wherein the transverse guide is a transverse groove rail, a transverse slide groove or a transverse slider, and the transverse movement driving member is a transverse movement rack, a chain, a cylinder, an oil cylinder or a steel rope; the nozzle fixing seat 7 is provided with a guide wheel / block / groove matching the transverse guide, and a driving member cooperating with the transverse movement driving member, so that the nozzle assembly can move in the transverse direction relative to the transverse movement arm 6.

[0352] The nozzle fine-tuning mechanism is arranged on the nozzle fixing seat 7, and the nozzle fixing seat 7 is arranged on the transverse arm 6 and can drive the nozzle fine-tuning mechanism and the nozzle assembly 9 to move in the transverse direction on the transverse arm 6. The main problem of the nozzle assembly 9 moving in the transverse direction over a long distance is solved. The nozzle of the traditional wet spraying manipulator does not have a transverse movement function. The reason why there is a high transverse movement demand in this patent technology is mainly because, after the template mechanism 8 and the excavated rock wall form a mold cavity to be poured, it is necessary to make the nozzle assembly 9 move in a large range in the transverse direction, so as to cast a large width that can cover the entire mold cavity at the same time, thereby improving the spraying efficiency.

[0353] The longitudinal movement mechanism is arranged on the forearm mechanism 5, and the forearm mechanism 5 is provided with a longitudinal movement seat 56, and the transverse movement arm 6 is installed on the longitudinal movement seat 56. The forearm mechanism 5 can control the longitudinal movement seat 56 and the transverse movement mechanism, the nozzle fine adjustment mechanism and the nozzle assembly 9 thereon to move in the longitudinal direction of the forearm mechanism 5 at the same time. In this way, the forearm mechanism 5 and the longitudinal movement seat 56 constitute a realization mode of the longitudinal movement mechanism, but are not limited thereto.

[0354] The transverse arm 6 further includes a transverse groove rail 61 , and the nozzle fixing seat 7 includes a roller connecting seat 71 , on which a roller 711 is mounted. The nozzle fixing seat 7 is integrally connected to the transverse arm 6 via the roller connecting seat 71 .

[0355] Further, the traverse arm 6 is provided with two mutually parallel traverse groove rails 61, including an upper traverse groove rail 611 located at the top of the traverse arm 6, and a lower traverse groove rail 612 located at the bottom of the traverse arm 6, and the lengths of the upper traverse groove rail 611 and the lower traverse groove rail 612 are equal to the length of the traverse arm 6. The roller connecting seat 71 also includes a roller connecting plate 712, and upper and lower rows of rollers 711 fixed on the roller connecting plate 712, and the upper and lower rows of rollers 711 roll in the upper traverse groove rail 611 and the lower traverse groove rail 612, respectively.

[0356] The traverse arm 6 is provided with a traverse rack 63, which meshes with the traverse driving gear 713 installed on the roller connecting seat 71. The traverse arm 6 also includes a detachable traverse front cover plate 621, which is provided with a cover plate strip hole 621a along the transverse center line, and the traverse rack 63 is fixed to the inner side of the traverse front cover plate. The traverse rack 63 can be fixed to the inner side of the traverse front cover plate 621 by bolts, and is located above or below the cover plate strip hole 621a.

[0357] The nozzle fixing seat 7 includes a square section 7a and a hollow cylindrical section 7b, and is fixedly connected by welding. The inner cavity of the hollow cylindrical section 7b is provided with a transverse driving motor 714. The rotating shaft of the transverse driving motor 714 passes through the roller connecting plate 712 and extends from the cover strip hole 621a of the transverse front cover plate 621 into the transverse arm 6. The transverse driving gear 713 is fixed to the free end of the rotating shaft of the transverse driving motor 714 and is engaged with the transverse rack 63.

[0358] The outer diameter of the transverse driving gear 713 is smaller than the width of the strip hole 621a of the cover plate. This can further enhance the lateral stability of the nozzle fixing seat 7. The transverse arm 6 is also provided with a cover plate 622 to protect the transverse upper groove rail 611 and prevent impurities from entering the transverse upper groove rail 611.

[0359] The forearm mechanism 5 includes a forearm beam 52 and a rotating mechanism 51. The bottom of the forearm beam 52 is connected to the rotating mechanism 51. The rotating mechanism 51 is placed on the upper arm mechanism so that the forearm beam 52 can rotate in a plane with the rotating mechanism 51 as a fulcrum. The forearm beam is provided with a template mechanism 8 and a longitudinal movement mechanism. The longitudinal movement mechanism is provided with a nozzle assembly 9 and can control the nozzle assembly 9 to move longitudinally on the forearm mechanism 5. The forearm beam 52 is provided with a mutually cooperating slide rail / slide groove / slider and a longitudinal movement seat 56, wherein the slide rail / slide groove / slider is arranged on the top and / or inside of the forearm beam 52, and the longitudinal movement seat 56 is arranged in cooperation with the slide rail / slide groove / slider and can move the nozzle assembly 9 in the longitudinal direction relative to the forearm beam.

[0360] In addition, a forearm mechanism 5 can be connected between the nozzle displacement mechanism, the nozzle displacement assembly and the end of the upper arm mechanism. The forearm mechanism 5 is connected to the nozzle displacement mechanism. The nozzle displacement mechanism includes a longitudinal movement mechanism and a transverse movement mechanism. The longitudinal movement mechanism is arranged on the forearm mechanism 5, the transverse movement mechanism is arranged on the longitudinal movement mechanism, and the fine-tuning mechanism is arranged on the transverse movement mechanism. The fine-tuning mechanism includes a pitch angle control mechanism and a rotation angle control mechanism.

[0361] The forearm mechanism 5 includes a forearm beam 52 and a rotating mechanism 51. A rotating support 58 is installed at the bottom of the forearm beam 52. A connecting plate 581 is provided at the bottom of the rotating support 58. The connecting plate 581 can be fixed to the rotating mechanism 51 (the rotating mechanism 51 of this embodiment is set as a rotary reducer). The rotating mechanism can be placed on the carrier mechanism I and other similar carriers. In the present invention, the rotating mechanism is placed on the upper arm mechanism.

[0362] The forearm mechanism 5 includes a forearm beam 52, a longitudinal moving seat 56 and a transmission member 57 fixed on the forearm beam 52. The longitudinal moving seat 56 can slide along the longitudinal direction of the forearm mechanism 5 under the drive of the transmission member 57 to meet the need of front and rear position adjustment of the nozzle assembly 9. The transverse movement mechanism of the nozzle moving assembly mechanism is fixed on the longitudinal moving seat 56 as a whole and can move with it.

[0363] The front end of the forearm beam 52 is provided with a forearm connecting plate 53 for fixing the template support 85 of the template mechanism 8. The forearm beam 52 is a hollow structure, and its top is covered with a beam top plate 54. Two longitudinal slide rails 55 are provided parallel to each other along the longitudinal sides of the beam top plate 54. The longitudinal moving seat 56 cooperates with the two longitudinal slide rails 55 and can slide along the longitudinal slide rails 55. Further, the longitudinal slide rails 55 can be replaced by two longitudinal slide plates, and the outer side surface of the longitudinal slide plate needs to exceed the corresponding outer side edge of the beam top plate 54, so as to facilitate the longitudinal slide plate to be inserted into the slide groove of the longitudinal moving seat 56.

[0364] The transmission member 57 is installed inside the forearm beam 52 , and a top plate strip hole 541 is opened along the center line of the beam top plate 54 to facilitate the transmission member 57 to achieve traction movement on the longitudinal moving seat 56 .

[0365] The transmission member 57 is a chain transmission mechanism; if other transmission mechanisms can achieve the same transmission function, they can also be applied to the forearm mechanism 5, such as directly using cylinder transmission, cylinder transmission, gear transmission, rack transmission, belt transmission or rope transmission.

[0366] Furthermore, the chain transmission mechanism includes two chains 571, a guide wheel group, a transmission frame 574, and a driving cylinder 576. The two chains 571 are connected to the longitudinal movable seat 56 from the front and rear ends thereof, respectively, and the connecting head can be located above the strip-shaped hole 541 of the top plate. The chain 571 forms a front and rear oblique pull transmission for the longitudinal movable seat 56, and has a longitudinal pulling force for the longitudinal movable seat 56, and also has a downward restraining force, so that the longitudinal movable seat 56 is more firmly fixed on the forearm mechanism 5, and the chain transmission has a very high buffering effect on the irregular vibration of the nozzle assembly 9 during spraying, and has a better protective effect on the power mechanism.

[0367] The guide wheel group includes two fixed guide wheels and two movable guide wheels, namely, a fixed guide front wheel 573a and a fixed guide rear wheel 573b, which are respectively installed at the front end and the rear end inside the forearm beam 52, and the chain drive wheel is located between the fixed guide front wheel 573a and the fixed guide rear wheel 573b.

[0368] The movable guide wheels are respectively a movable guide front wheel 572a and a movable guide rear wheel 572b; the chain includes a front pull chain 571a and a rear pull chain 571b; the movable guide front wheel 572a and the movable guide rear wheel 572b can synchronously slide between the fixed guide front wheel 573a and the fixed guide rear wheel 573b.

[0369] One end of the front chain 571a is connected to the front end of the longitudinal movable seat 56, and the other end changes direction through the fixed guide front wheel 573a, and then bypasses the movable guide front wheel 572a, and is tensioned and fixed to the front end of the inner wall of the forearm beam 52; similarly, one end of the rear chain 571b is connected to the rear end of the longitudinal movable seat 56, and the other end changes direction through the fixed guide rear wheel 573b, and then bypasses the movable guide rear wheel 572b, and is tensioned and fixed to the rear end of the inner wall of the forearm beam 52.

[0370] The movable guide front wheel 572a and the movable guide rear wheel 572b are fixed on the transmission frame 574 at the same time. The transmission frame 574 includes two transmission frame beams 574a on both sides. The movable guide front wheel 572a and the movable guide rear wheel 572b are located between the two transmission frame beams 574a. The inner walls on both sides of the forearm beam 52 are respectively provided with drive frame slide grooves 575 for the drive frame to slide.

[0371] Furthermore, the driving frame slide groove on each side is composed of an upper groove plate 575a and a lower groove plate 575b fixed on the inner wall of the forearm beam 52 and spaced apart and parallel to each other.

[0372] The axles of the movable guide front wheel 572a and the movable guide rear wheel 572b pass through the transmission frame beams 574a on both sides, so that both ends of the axles are simultaneously placed in the drive frame slide grooves 575 on both sides, so that the axles play the role of guide shafts.

[0373] Furthermore, rollers 578 are installed at the free ends of the wheel axles of the movable guide front wheel 572a and the movable guide rear wheel 572b, so that the movement of the transmission frame 574 is smoother.

[0374] The power source of the chain transmission mechanism is provided by the driving oil cylinder 576, and any end of the transmission frame 574 is connected to the piston rod 576b of the driving oil cylinder 576 to provide sliding power for the transmission frame 574. In this embodiment, the cylinder body 576a of the chain driving oil cylinder 576 is installed at the rear end of the forearm beam 52, because the rear end has a longer installation space for easy installation and transmission.

[0375] The chain driving cylinder 576 is connected to the two transmission frame beams 574 a of the transmission frame 574 via a connecting shaft 577 .

[0376] The above is a complete solution for the chain transmission mechanism. The special design of this solution allows the front chain 571a and the rear chain 571b to remain in a tensioned state while the longitudinal movable seat 56 slides on the forearm mechanism 5, forming a balanced front and rear restraining force on the longitudinal movable seat 56, avoiding the phenomenon of jamming during the sliding process, making the sliding more stable, and effectively reducing the failure rate.

[0377] The forearm mechanism 5 needs to be set on the carrier mechanism to achieve the purpose of overall deflection and overall movement of the nozzle assembly 9 and the template mechanism 8 as well as related nozzle displacement mechanisms and nozzle fine-tuning mechanisms and other connecting mechanisms, and realize more refined control purposes.

[0378] Fiber filaments are added to the sprayed concrete of the present invention, so that the formed supporting layer contains a plurality of fiber filaments.

[0379] In addition, the mold spraying equipment of the present invention is also provided with a control system. The mold spraying equipment is provided with a mold spraying control system, including a template fine-tuning module, a nozzle fine-tuning module, a nozzle displacement module, an injection module, and a control module; wherein the template fine-tuning module is used to receive the template fine-tuning signal sent by the control module, and control the rotation and pitch angle of the template / template mechanism, so as to control the formation of a mold cavity between the template and the arch frame, so that the mold cavity formed by the template, the arch frame, and the rock surface forms a better sealing effect, ensuring that the concrete does not leak to a large extent during the process of being sprayed into the mold cavity; the nozzle displacement module is used to receive the injection displacement signal sent by the control module, and control the displacement of the nozzle in the lateral and longitudinal directions, so as to ensure that when the nozzle is far away from the rock surface, the nozzle can be adjusted to the top of the mold cavity through a large range of movement; and then the nozzle fine-tuning module is used to receive the template fine-tuning signal sent by the control module, and control the rotation and pitch angle of the nozzle / nozzle assembly, so as to control the angle and direction of the nozzle , ensuring that the nozzle is directed from the top of the mold cavity toward the inside of the mold cavity, and the concrete sprayed by the nozzle is not perpendicular to the rock surface. Preferably, the direction of the nozzle is controlled to be perpendicular to the mouth of the mold cavity and aligned with the inner bottom of the mold cavity; the injection module is used to receive the injection signal sent by the control module, and control the injection of the sprayed concrete and the accelerator, the injection metering, the pressure, etc., so that the concrete and the accelerator are fully mixed to achieve the best sprayed concrete effect; which includes the control of the concrete pumping mechanism, which controls the concrete sprayed into the mold cavity; and also includes the accelerator pumping mechanism, which is used to control the amount of accelerator sprayed into the mold cavity, so as to accurately control the mixing of concrete and accelerator, and then can be mixed quickly and solidified quickly in the mold cavity; in the accelerator pumping mechanism, the accelerator pumping equipment adopts the inverter control mode, and the accelerator pump flow is adjusted by the inverter to control the motor speed; of course, the accelerator pump flow is adjusted by the hydraulic motor. Similarly, the injection of concrete can also be controlled by a similar principle. The control module is used to control the components of the entire system. The control module can be connected to the remote control terminal by wireless / wired means, and remote control can be performed through the remote control terminal. For example, the control signal of the controller on the mold-spraying device is connected through a wireless remote control, and the control signal is transmitted to the controller on the mold-spraying device through the wireless remote control. The controller on the mold-spraying device then controls the action of each mechanism to achieve control of the action of the mold-spraying device.

[0380] The automatic spraying module is a spraying control technology based on imaging technology. It uses imaging technology to detect the concrete spraying state in different spraying methods (for example, a camera is set at the upper end of the template or the nozzle of the nozzle to monitor the spraying state of the concrete), and sends a signal to the control module for judgment. When necessary, the control module sends a signal to the nozzle fine-tuning module in time to adjust the spraying angle or spraying position of the nozzle, so as to achieve efficient spraying. In addition, the module can be based on the number of mold cavities, including one, two, three or more. Then the automatic spraying template must first be matched according to the number of mold cavities. For example, when three mold cavities are used, concrete is sprayed one by one in the three mold cavities. When the first mold cavity is about to reach the full position, the template sensor or infrared sensor (the template / template mechanism is provided with a sensor or infrared sensor at the mold cavity mouth / inlet formed with the rock surface) determines whether the sprayed concrete has reached the full state, collects data, and instructs the spraying to end and replace the next mold cavity. In addition, the automatic spraying module can also realize the functions of automatic template alignment and spraying through three-dimensional scanning of the cross section and intelligent control of the boom. The mold cavity spraying detection module is used to detect whether the mold cavity is full of concrete. A sensor can be added to the nozzle or above the template to detect whether the material in the mold cavity is full. When it is detected that it is full, a full spraying signal is sent to the control module, and the control module quickly controls the spraying control system and its control module to shut down the spraying of the accelerator and concrete, thereby replacing manual observation and reducing the waste of concrete and accelerator; at the same time, it can also avoid damage or safety accidents caused by concrete overflow to on-site construction. The detection module of the shotcrete pipe material adds a sensor to the shotcrete pipe to detect whether there is a section without material in the shotcrete pipe. If it is detected that there is no material in the shotcrete pipe, a signal that there is no material in the shotcrete pipe is sent to the control module, and the control module controls the accelerator pumping system in the injection system to send a shutdown signal, thereby shutting down the pumping of the accelerator, that is, immediately cutting off the supply of the accelerator. When it is detected that there is material in the shotcrete pipe, a signal that there is material in the shotcrete pipe is sent to the control module, and the control module controls the accelerator pumping system in the injection system to send an open signal to immediately resume the supply of the accelerator. The accelerator monitoring module mainly includes a sensor set at the mixing front section of the accelerator pipe and the air duct to detect whether there is an accelerator in the pipeline. When it is detected that there is no accelerator in the pipeline, an alarm signal is sent to the control module, and the control module sends a stop pumping signal to the concrete pumping module, thereby stopping the pumping of the concrete; thereby preventing the overall falling due to the lack of accelerator.

[0381] The support time module mainly presets the ratio and time relationship based on the dosage of the accelerator to ensure the support. When spraying, the dosage of the accelerator is input. According to the corresponding relationship between the preset accelerator ratio and the support time, the support time is automatically generated. It starts from the time when the mold cavity is full of concrete spraying or the time when the spraying is full. When the support time reaches the preset time, a signal is sent to the control module, and the control module issues a prompt message. In addition, in daily use, the arch sections of the arch frame are usually divided into zones. When in use, the arch sections can be pre-selected in the control module. The control module prompts the dosage of the accelerator and the support time according to the pre-stored system or relationship. At the same time, the support time module has the function of automatically determining the demoulding time; a detection device (such as a sensor, a hardness sensor, etc.) is installed on the formwork to detect the solidification of the concrete. The detection device monitors the condition of the concrete in the mold cavity and compares it with the preset condition (such as strength, hardness, fluidity, etc.). If the preset requirements are met, a signal is fed back to the control module, and the control module sends a signal to the formwork mechanism for automatic demoulding or prompts the operator that demoulding is possible, thereby reducing the difficulty of construction.

[0382] The automatic template module, on the one hand, uses the hydraulic pressure sensor to monitor and feedback the hydraulic pressure value to determine whether the template fits the arch frame. If the feedback hydraulic pressure value reaches the preset value or interval, a signal is sent to the control module to close the further fit between the template and the arch frame; thereby protecting the template from plastic deformation. On the other hand, when the template / template mechanism of the entire mold spraying equipment is docked at the tunnel face and fixed in position, the internal situation of the tunnel is scanned by imaging technology. A position sensor or sensor is provided on the template. The template distance information is summarized by sensing the distance between the template and the excavated rock surface, and transmitted to the automatic template module. The automatic template module scans and converts the arch frame imaging into data analysis according to the imaging technology, such as the simulation imaging of the above-mentioned simulation molding module. At this time, the automatic template module compares the position relationship between the imaging and the equipment (the position and distance can be sensed by the sensor), and sends an automatic alignment signal to the execution module. At this time, the execution module controls the template / template module to adjust, so as to repeatedly control and realize the automatic alignment of the template. There are two main requirements to pay attention to. The first point is that the equipment is fixed on the face and the position is fixed. The second point is to find the reference point on the equipment. There is a relationship between the position from the reference point to the arch frame and the position from the reference point to the template surface to meet the needs of automatic template adjustment.

[0383] The nozzle automatic adjustment module is connected to the control module signal, and includes a detection function module, a judgment function module, and an adjustment function module. The detection function module detects the parallel relationship between the nozzle assembly and the template / template mechanism in real time, and transmits the information to the judgment function module. The judgment function module compares and judges the real-time detected information with the online information. If they are parallel to each other, a non-adjustment signal is sent to the adjustment function module. If they are not parallel to each other, an adjustment signal is sent to the adjustment function module. The adjustment function module automatically finds the parallel position of the nozzle after the template is aligned through the position of the nozzle and the module. This function is mainly used for the initial template positioning to form a mold cavity and for situations where the nozzle position is not targeted during use.

[0384] In addition, a monitoring system needs to be set up in the mold spraying equipment. The monitoring system is mainly used for monitoring the equipment status and real-time recording of parameters, including real-time recording of the status of the mold spraying equipment, the amount of quick-setting agent used, and real-time recording of equipment experiments, and uploading them to the network to leave relevant data and provide data support for the future; of course, the monitoring template can also be set up in the mold spraying equipment, mainly for offline monitoring and recording, and then saved uniformly after the tunnel is constructed for a certain distance; or according to the existing chip technology, a chip is preset on the initial support of the tunnel, and all tunnel construction data information is stored through the chip to provide data support for future maintenance / repair and repair.

[0385] In the mold spraying equipment, a closed-loop control system for adjusting the discharge volume of the accelerator can also be set up, that is, a regulating mechanism is set in the injection system, and the rotation speed of the regulating mechanism can be positively adjusted by controlling the current. A flow meter is added to the outlet of the accelerator pump, and the actual test flow data is transmitted to the injection control module. The injection control module compares the actual test feedback with the theoretical value, and continuously corrects it to achieve accurate control of the accelerator discharge volume adjustment.

[0386] In addition, the control system can also be provided with a billing module, which has the functions of prepayment of funds and preset time. It counts or calculates funds from the start-up time, and deducts the preset time value through the deduction module preset in the control system until the prepaid funds / preset time are used up, and the vehicle is stopped until the next prepayment of funds and the preset time.

[0387] In the mold spraying equipment, most of them use oil cylinders to realize their displacement, rotation, fine-tuning and other functions. Therefore, during the use of the equipment, there is a possibility of hydraulic oil leakage. Therefore, it is necessary to set up a hydraulic oil monitoring module, such as adding a liquid level sensor to the hydraulic oil tank to detect the liquid level and monitor the amount of hydraulic oil. When the hydraulic oil reaches the preset value or is less than the preset value, an alarm signal is immediately sent to the control module.

[0388] (II) Control method

[0389] 1. Manual control. All the actions of the mold spraying equipment are controlled manually. All the rotation, movement, adjustment, displacement and other actions of the entire mold spraying equipment can be completed by oil cylinders, air cylinders, motor-driven chains, motor-driven gears or other similar driving mechanisms. Therefore, the control buttons / control keys of all the motion mechanisms can be integrated together and realized by manual control of their actions. Although manual control is required, all the motion mechanisms can still be integrated into a control system of a mold spraying equipment. Of course, during manual control, the control module is used to control the components of the entire system. The control module can be connected to the remote control terminal in a wireless / wired manner, and remote control is performed through the remote control terminal. For example, the controller signal on the mold spraying equipment is connected through a wireless remote controller, and the control signal is transmitted to the controller on the mold spraying equipment through the wireless remote controller. Then, the controller on the mold spraying equipment controls the actions of each mechanism to achieve control of the actions of the mold spraying equipment.

[0390] 2. Fully automatic control system, the control module of the whole control system is set as automatic control system, which generally includes automatic operation technology of template mechanism and / or nozzle assembly, and automatic driving technology of trolley / frame; wherein the automatic operation of template mechanism and / or nozzle assembly can be realized by setting image camera, magnetic induction camera and other shooting equipment on the template or nozzle, and pre-shooting the shape of steel arch frame by imaging technology, the shooting equipment is connected with the simulation forming module by signal, and the simulation forming module is connected with the calculation module by signal, when the shooting equipment shoots the corresponding image information, it is transmitted to the simulation forming module, the simulation forming module is based on the three-dimensional fitting of the arch frame shape and simulates the imaging; then the information of the simulated imaging is transmitted to the calculation module, and the calculation module calculates the actual motion trajectory of the template by calculating its various parameters; the calculation module is connected with the execution module by signal, and transmits the execution command to the execution module, and drives the template to move along the trajectory by electronically controlling the hydraulic control element; thereby realizing the control of automatic operation of template mechanism and / or nozzle assembly. The automatic control system is also provided with a correction module. When the template mechanism is in operation, the image captured by the shooting device is compared with the actual template movement process and there is a deviation. At this time, the correction module can send a correction signal to the execution module through image feedback, and adjust the movement trajectory of the template at the same time, thereby realizing closed-loop control and being able to control the movement trajectory of the template with high progress. The above-mentioned intelligent control can use remote control (mobile phone, pad, etc.) to control equipment and monitoring equipment, or communicate and connect control through mobile networks and the Internet.

[0391] Of course, if the mold spraying equipment of this patent adopts a mold spraying trolley or a mold spraying frame, it can also be matched and set according to the existing automatic driving technology so that the vehicle can run automatically.

[0392] In addition, in order to ensure construction safety, the equipment should also have a shutdown lock function. When an abnormality is detected in the equipment, the manufacturer and equipment business can lock the equipment with one click to stop the equipment from working.

[0393] Mold spraying trolley. The cab rotates. When the mold spraying device is in use, it is very likely to use a mold spraying trolley. The trolley needs to be driven into the tunnel for on-site construction. Therefore, in order to facilitate the control of the mold cavity, the cab needs to be designed to rotate. For example, the motor drives the gear to control the rotation of the cab. Therefore, the automatic switching of the steering mode can be achieved by controlling the motor. The cab automatically steers. When the trolley enters the tunnel, a mid-position sensor can be set on the trolley to control and monitor the automatic or semi-automatic centering of the steering so that the wheels are centered; it is located in the middle of the tunnel to facilitate construction on both sides of the tunnel and operation of the arch. Braking control system, single-circuit driving brake control system, braking control system, dual-circuit driving brake control system, braking system, parking with electronic handbrake, undervoltage alarm design, can all be designed using existing systems.

[0394] The equipment shutdown lock function allows manufacturers and equipment owners to lock the equipment with one click to stop it from working when an equipment abnormality is detected.

[0395] 3. Semi-automatic control. In order to realize the integration of man and machine, the spraying equipment can be controlled by combining full-automatic and manual control. Some actions that are inconvenient to locate or control or difficult to control are controlled manually, and simple actions are completed automatically by the equipment. For example, the position of the spraying mechanism can be adjusted by manually adjusting the fine-tuning mechanism of the spraying head, and then the spraying equipment can be started automatically to achieve the effect of spraying concrete into the mold cavity by the spraying head assembly. The switching of the spraying head and the arm control can be switched between manual and automatic control. After manual adjustment, each action of the spraying is automatically controlled to reduce the difficulty of operation.

[0396] The tunnel die spraying process of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0397] Step 1: Control the template mechanism to be close to the excavated rock wall, and adjust the pitch and rotation angles of the template mechanism so that the template body, the rock wall and other auxiliary mechanisms / auxiliary structures cooperate to form a mold cavity for pouring;

[0398] Step 2: Move the nozzle assembly to the top of the mold cavity, and adjust the angle of the nozzle assembly relative to the mold cavity so that the nozzle assembly is not perpendicular to the rock wall and can face the pouring port at the top of the mold cavity at an optimal angle;

[0399] Step 3, start the concrete pumping mechanism, the accelerating agent pumping mechanism and the compressed air supply device of the injection system, transport the concrete, the accelerating agent and the compressed air to the material mixer, and control the mixing ratio of the concrete and the accelerating agent, and after mixing in the material mixer, spray the concrete mixed with the accelerating agent into the mold cavity by compressed air until the mold cavity is full of concrete;

[0400] Step 4: When the sprayed concrete reaches the support time, such as 30 seconds to 10 minutes, a support layer is formed, and the formwork mechanism is controlled to move away from the support layer to complete the spraying.

[0401] In addition, in the present invention, the tunnel is divided into a side arch section and a top arch section in the arch direction. When spraying is performed, the bottom of the tunnel is used as a support for spraying. After the previous side arch section is sprayed and a supporting layer is formed, it serves as the bottom support of the next side arch section, and so on, from bottom to top until the top arch section is sprayed. In the top arch section, the nozzle assembly is selected to complete the spraying process or a spraying assembly is set to spray, so as to connect the side arch sections and the top arch section on both sides into one.

[0402] During the spraying process, the formwork mechanism forms a mold cavity with one of the two steel arch frames, or forms two or three mold cavities with two or three of the multiple steel arch frames. The number of mold cavities can be sprayed with concrete in the order from left to right and from the middle to both sides.

[0403] The tunnel spraying equipment and method of the present invention realize the spraying operation of the tunnel support layer. Compared with the traditional wet spraying manipulator, it can achieve zero rebound. Within the same operating range, the amount of concrete can be reduced by 20%-40%, and the amount of accelerator is reduced at the same time, with significant economic and social benefits; the surface finish is high, no post-shaping is required, the construction period is shortened, and the production efficiency is greatly improved; the construction safety is good, and the mechanical construction can be remotely controlled throughout the process, which greatly improves the construction safety and reduces the possibility of occupational hazards.

[0404] The tunnel mold spraying equipment and method of the present invention can adaptively adjust and control the displacement, angle, direction, height and other aspects of the nozzle assembly based on the actual situation of the mold cavity between the template structure and the excavated rock wall, so as to meet the control requirements of the nozzle assembly during on-site construction.

[0405] The tunnel spraying equipment and method of the present invention can synchronously move and rotate the nozzle assembly and the template mechanism as a whole, thereby greatly increasing the coordination between the template mechanism and the nozzle assembly during the spraying process, reducing the difficulty of control and improving the accuracy of control; ensuring that the spraying operation can be realized, and improving the construction efficiency and quality of the initial support spraying of the tunnel.

[0406] The tunnel spraying equipment and method of the present invention, the spraying material injection system can make the concrete and the quick-setting agent mix quickly, fully and evenly; then the mixed concrete can be sprayed into the mold cavity to quickly form a supporting layer, so as to achieve the purpose of quickly reinforcing the tunnel rock wall.

[0407] The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments, but extends to any new features or any new combination disclosed in this specification, as well as any new method or process steps or any new combination disclosed.

Claims

1. Tunnel mold spraying equipment, characterized by: The invention comprises a nozzle assembly, a template mechanism and a spraying system. During the tunnel construction process, the template mechanism cooperates with the tunnel excavation rock surface to form a mold cavity. The nozzle assembly is placed above the mold cavity and the nozzle faces the mold cavity. The nozzle assembly is connected to the spraying system to pump concrete filled with an accelerator to the nozzle assembly. The nozzle assembly sprays the concrete into the mold cavity at an angle not perpendicular to the rock surface, so that the concrete solidifies in the mold cavity to form a supporting layer. A replaceable partition is provided on the working surface of the template mechanism. The template mechanism comprises an electromagnetic template, which comprises a plurality of template units and connecting parts. The template units are parallel to each other and connected to form a curtain-type rollable electromagnetic template through the connecting parts. Each template unit is equipped with an independent electromagnet and has an independent power supply circuit. After the electromagnet of each template unit is energized, its two ends can be simultaneously adsorbed on two or more adjacent steel arch frames, so that the template unit adsorbed on the steel arch frame, the steel arch frame and the tunnel rock surface form a mold cavity to be poured. The template unit is arranged in a multi-section structure. The template unit comprises a template main unit and template auxiliary units arranged on both sides of the template main unit and connected by ball heads.

2. The tunnel mold spraying equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nozzle assembly is arranged on the nozzle fine-tuning mechanism, and the nozzle fine-tuning mechanism adjusts the pitch angle and / or rotation angle, or three-dimensional angle of the nozzle assembly; the nozzle fine-tuning mechanism is arranged on the nozzle displacement mechanism; the nozzle displacement mechanism controls the displacement of the nozzle assembly in space.

3. The tunnel mold spraying equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The injection system includes a concrete pumping mechanism, an accelerator pumping mechanism, a compressed air supply device and a material mixer; the concrete pumping mechanism is connected to the material mixer to deliver concrete into the material mixer; the accelerator pumping mechanism is connected to the material mixer to deliver the accelerator into the material mixer to mix with concrete; the compressed air supply device is connected to the material mixer to deliver compressed air into the material mixer; a nozzle assembly is provided on the material mixer.

4. The tunnel mold spraying equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The template mechanism is provided with a template adjustment mechanism, which adjusts the distance between the template and the rock surface, adjusts the pitch angle and / or rotation angle, or three-dimensional angle of the template mechanism, so that a mold cavity / demolding is formed between the template mechanism and the rock surface.

5. The tunnel mold spraying equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The nozzle displacement mechanism and / or template fine-adjustment mechanism are arranged on the support mechanism, and the support mechanism can drive the template mechanism and / or the nozzle assembly to approach / move away from the rock excavation surface.

6. The tunnel mold spraying equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: A steel arch frame is provided on the tunnel excavation rock surface, and the formwork mechanism, the steel arch frame and the excavation rock surface cooperate to form a mold cavity; or no mold cavity is provided in the tunnel excavation rock surface, and the formwork mechanism and the excavation rock surface directly cooperate to form a mold cavity; the concrete is sprayed into the mold cavity from the top of the mold cavity through the nozzle assembly by the injection system, and solidifies in the mold cavity to form a supporting layer.

7. The tunnel mold spraying equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: A number of steel arch frames are arranged in parallel and at intervals in the length direction of the tunnel. The steel arch frames are arranged in an arch shape on the tunnel rock wall, and concrete is sprayed on the tunnel rock wall between any adjacent steel arch frames to form a supporting layer. The supporting layer is an arch structure formed by connecting a number of supporting blocks in sequence. Both sides of the supporting layer are respectively bonded to the steel arch frames, and the surface of the supporting layer is an arc surface with the same curvature as the steel arch frames, and the surface of the supporting layer is flat.

8. The tunnel mold spraying equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: A control system is also provided, which includes a template adjustment module, a nozzle fine-tuning module, a nozzle displacement module, an injection module and a control module; wherein the template adjustment module is used to receive the template adjustment signal sent by the control module, and control the rotation and pitch angles of the template / template mechanism to control the formation of a mold cavity / demolding between the template mechanism and the rock surface; the nozzle displacement module is used to receive the injection displacement signal sent by the control module, control the displacement of the nozzle in the horizontal and longitudinal directions, and adjust the nozzle to the top of the mold cavity; the nozzle fine-tuning module is used to receive the template fine-tuning signal sent by the control module, and control the rotation and pitch angles of the nozzle / nozzle assembly to control the angle / direction of the nozzle to ensure that the concrete sprayed by the nozzle is not perpendicular to the rock surface; the injection module is used to receive the injection signal sent by the control module, and control the mixing and pumping of concrete and quick-setting agent; the control module is used to control the operation of each module of the entire system, and the control module can be connected to the remote control terminal in a wireless / wired manner, receive the control signal of the remote control terminal, and send control signals to each module respectively.

9. The tunnel mold spraying equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The supporting mechanism is configured as a supporting arm frame, and the supporting arm frame is configured as a large arm, a large arm and an auxiliary arm, two arms, three arms or a frame-type arm frame structure, wherein the template mechanism and the nozzle assembly are arranged on the supporting arm frame.

10. The tunnel mold spraying equipment according to claim 9, characterized in that: The support arm is configured as a large arm, and the support arm is configured as a telescopic arm structure or a folding arm structure. A wet spray forearm is provided on the end of the support arm, and a template mechanism is provided on the end of the wet spray forearm; a nozzle displacement mechanism is provided on the wet spray forearm, and a nozzle fine-tuning mechanism is provided on the nozzle displacement mechanism, and a nozzle assembly is provided on the nozzle fine-tuning mechanism to adjust the spatial displacement, angle and direction of the nozzle assembly.

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