A structural system for preventing and reinforcing carbonaceous rock slope surface and its application method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of slope protection technology, and in particular to a structural system for preventing seepage and reinforcing the surface of a carbonaceous rock slope, comprising a carbonaceous rock slope body and a plurality of anchor rods, wherein the plurality of anchor rods are vertically arranged on the surface of the carbonaceous rock slope body, and one end of the anchor rods close to the carbonaceous rock slope body is fixed in the carbonaceous rock slope body, and the surface of the carbonaceous rock slope body is sequentially paved with a first waterproof layer, a wire mesh layer, a second waterproof layer, a compacted gravel layer, a first geotextile layer, a compacted biochar mixed clay layer, a second geotextile layer and a vegetation growth base layer from bottom to top, and plants are planted on the vegetation growth base layer. The structural system for preventing seepage and reinforcing the surface of a carbonaceous rock slope described in the present invention can effectively alleviate the weathering, fragmentation and disintegration of carbonaceous rocks, improve the structural stability of the carbonaceous rock slope body, reduce the frequency of geological disasters such as slope landslides and collapses, and has good social and economic benefits and engineering application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of slope protection, and in particular to a structural system for preventing and reinforcing a carbonaceous rock slope surface and an application method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Carbonaceous rock is sensitive to environmental changes and is prone to weathering, fragmentation, disintegration, and softening. Its engineering properties are significantly affected by moisture and temperature. In areas where carbonaceous rock is widely distributed, its corresponding slopes frequently suffer from geological disasters such as landslides and collapses, which pose a serious threat to the normal use of nearby roads and water conservancy and other infrastructure construction, and have attracted great attention from multiple industries. The treatment of carbonaceous rock slopes is affected by its complex physical and mechanical properties and has always been one of the focal issues in the field of geotechnical engineering slope treatment. With the large-scale construction of infrastructure, a large number of natural and artificial fill carbonaceous rock slopes are in urgent need of treatment. Due to the water sensitivity and heat sensitivity of carbonaceous rock itself, traditional slope protection methods are no longer applicable. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a structural system for preventing and reinforcing the surface of a carbonaceous rock slope and an application method thereof.

[0004] A structural system for preventing seepage and reinforcing the surface of a carbonaceous rock slope, comprising a carbonaceous rock slope body and a plurality of anchor rods, wherein the plurality of anchor rods are arranged perpendicularly to the slope surface of the carbonaceous rock slope body, and one end of the anchor rods close to the carbonaceous rock slope body is fixed in the carbonaceous rock slope body, and the slope surface of the carbonaceous rock slope body is paved with a first waterproof layer, a wire mesh layer, a second waterproof layer, a compacted gravel layer, a first geotextile layer, a compacted biochar mixed clay layer, a second geotextile layer and a vegetation growth base layer in sequence from bottom to top, and plants are planted on the vegetation growth base layer.

[0005] Furthermore, the first waterproof layer is made of epoxy resin coating and has a thickness of 2 mm;

[0006] Furthermore, the wire mesh layer is composed of wire mesh, and the wire mesh is fixedly connected to the plurality of anchor rods. The specification of the wire mesh is 16#, and the mesh size is 0.2m×0.2m.

[0007] Furthermore, the second waterproof layer is a concrete waterproof layer, and its thickness is 6 cm.

[0008] Furthermore, the compacted gravel layer is composed of gravel, the particle size of the gravel ranges from 0.3 mm to 0.45 mm, and the thickness is 8 cm.

[0009] Furthermore, the compacted biochar mixed clay layer consists of biochar and clay, and the weight ratio of the biochar to the clay is 3:1, and the thickness of the compacted biochar mixed clay layer is 10 cm.

[0010] Furthermore, the vegetation growth base layer is composed of high-ductility concrete, organic matter, soil and incineration ash, and the weight ratio of the high-ductility concrete, the organic matter, the soil and the incineration ash is 1:1:2:1, and the thickness of the vegetation growth base layer is 12 cm.

[0011] Furthermore, the plant is ryegrass.

[0012] An application method of a structural system for preventing and reinforcing a carbonaceous rock slope surface, which mainly comprises the following steps:

[0013] S1. Slope surface preparation: leveling the slope surface of the carbonaceous rock slope body;

[0014] S2, setting anchor rods: drilling anchor rod holes corresponding to a plurality of anchor rods on the slope surface of the carbonaceous rock slope body, and fixing the anchor rods in the corresponding anchor rod holes;

[0015] S3, laying the first waterproof layer, wire mesh layer, second waterproof layer, compacted gravel layer, first geotextile layer, compacted biochar mixed clay layer, second geotextile layer and vegetation growth base layer in order from bottom to top along the slope surface of the carbonaceous rock slope body, and mixing grass seeds within 3 cm thick on the surface of the plant growth layer;

[0016] S4. Maintenance: After mixing the grass seeds, use non-woven fabric to cover the surface of the vegetation growth base and maintain it for one month.

[0017] Furthermore, the seeds are ryegrass seeds.

[0018] The technical solution provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The structural system for anti-seepage and reinforcement of the carbonaceous rock slope surface described in the present invention can effectively alleviate the weathering, fragmentation and disintegration of carbonaceous rock, improve the structural stability of the carbonaceous rock slope body, reduce the frequency of geological disasters such as slope landslides and collapses, and has good social and economic benefits and engineering application prospects.

[0019] (2) The application method of the structural system for preventing seepage and reinforcing the carbonaceous rock slope surface of the present invention has the advantages of simple construction work, low construction cost, and green environmental protection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structural system structure for preventing and reinforcing the surface of a carbonaceous rock slope according to the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of a construction method of a structural system for preventing and reinforcing a carbonaceous rock slope surface according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a graph showing the relationship between the growth length and time of plants in groups A, B and C of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] Please refer to Figure 1 The embodiment of the present invention provides a structural system for preventing seepage and reinforcing the surface of a carbonaceous rock slope, which mainly includes a carbonaceous rock slope body 10 and a plurality of anchor rods 20. The plurality of anchor rods 20 are vertically arranged on the surface of the carbonaceous rock slope body 10, and one end of the anchor rods 20 close to the carbonaceous rock slope body 10 is fixed in the carbonaceous rock slope body 10. The surface of the carbonaceous rock slope body 10 is paved with a first waterproof layer 30, a wire mesh layer 40, a second waterproof layer 50, a compacted gravel layer 60, a first geotextile layer 70, a compacted biochar mixed clay layer 80, a second geotextile layer 71 and a vegetation growth base layer 90 in sequence from bottom to top, and plants are planted on the vegetation growth base layer 90.

[0025] In the above embodiment, the first waterproof layer 30 is made by spraying epoxy resin paint, and its thickness is 2 mm; wherein, epoxy resin has the characteristics of being dense, water-resistant, anti-leakage, and high strength, and at the same time has good process properties such as strong adhesion, room temperature operation, and simple construction, and also has the advantage of being implemented locally.

[0026] In the above embodiment, the wire mesh layer 40 is composed of wire mesh, the wire mesh is fixedly connected to the plurality of anchor rods 20, and the specification of the wire mesh is 16#, and the mesh size is 0.2m×0.2m; wherein the wire mesh can improve the stability of the slope.

[0027] In the above embodiment, the second waterproof layer 50 is a concrete waterproof layer with a thickness of 6 cm. The concrete waterproof layer protects the carbonaceous rock to prevent it from being eroded and weathered by water.

[0028] In the above embodiment, the compacted gravel layer 60 is made of gravel, has a thickness of 8 cm, a compaction degree of 80%, a water content of 1.1×10 -3 ~1.1×10 -2 m / s, and the particle size is 0.3mm-0.45mm; wherein, the compacted gravel layer 60 can drain excess water to prevent the protective structure from being washed away by rainwater.

[0029] In the above embodiment, the compacted biochar mixed clay layer 80 is made of biochar and clay mixed in a mass ratio of 1:3, has a thickness of 10 cm, a compaction degree greater than 90%, an optimal moisture content, and a permeability coefficient less than 1.1×10 - 8 m / s, and the particle size is less than 0.05 mm; among them, the low-permeability compacted biochar mixed clay layer 80 can absorb moisture and prevent further infiltration of moisture, while also providing moisture for vegetation growth.

[0030] In the above embodiment, the vegetation growth base layer 90 is made of a mixture of high ductility concrete, organic matter, soil and incineration ash in proportion, and has a thickness of 12 cm. Each cubic meter of the vegetation growth base layer 90 contains 0.2 m3 of high ductility concrete. 3 、Organic matter 0.2m 3 、Soil 0.4m 3 、Incineration ash 0.2m 3 Among them, the high-ductility concrete and incineration ash in the plant growth layer 90 will bond when they come into contact with water, which will increase the strength of the layer and provide nutrients and water for plant growth. The ryegrass 91 with a well-developed root system will absorb water from the bottom of the vegetation growth base layer 90 to form a vegetation waterproofing effect, while also protecting the concrete waterproof layer to prevent cracks caused by thermal expansion and contraction of the concrete.

[0031] In the above embodiment, the plant is ryegrass 91. After comparative tests, ryegrass as vegetation for carbonaceous rock slope protection has high germination rate, fast growth, good greening effect, and is adapted to the growth environment of carbonaceous rock slopes.

[0032] The carbonaceous rock slope anti-seepage reinforcement system described in the present invention can effectively alleviate the weathering, fragmentation and disintegration processes of carbonaceous rock, improve the structural stability of the carbonaceous rock slope, reduce the frequency of geological disasters such as slope landslides and collapses, and has good social and economic benefits and engineering application prospects.

[0033] like Figure 2 As shown, an application method of a structural system for preventing and reinforcing a carbonaceous rock slope surface mainly comprises the following steps:

[0034] S1. Slope surface preparation: using blasting method and manual cleaning method to clean up the debris on the slope surface of the carbonaceous rock slope body 10, and leveling the slope surface of the carbonaceous rock slope body 10;

[0035] S2, setting anchor rods 20: draw a grid on the slope surface of the carbonaceous rock slope body 10, and drill anchor rod holes on each grid of the rectangular grid (the specification of the grid is 1.2m×1.2m), wherein the anchor rod holes are drilled at the intersection of each grid; insert the anchor rod 20 into each anchor rod hole, and pour concrete in the anchor rod hole and the anchor rod 20 to fix the anchor rod 20 in the corresponding anchor rod hole, wherein the hole depth of the anchor rod hole is 60cm, the diameter of the anchor rod 20 is 14cm, the length is 64cm, and the height exposed from the slope surface is 4cm;

[0036] Here, it should be noted that the method of drawing the grid is an existing technology, such as using a measuring line for drawing, dipping the measuring line in paint, first laying out the lines in a symmetrical interval from high to low along the horizontal direction of the carbonaceous rock slope body 10, so as to draw a plurality of horizontal marking lines on the slope surface of the carbonaceous rock slope body 10, and then laying out the lines in a symmetrical interval from left to right along the longitudinal direction of the carbonaceous rock slope body 10, so as to draw a plurality of vertical marking lines on the slope surface of the carbonaceous rock slope body 10, and the intervals between two adjacent horizontal marking lines and two adjacent vertical marking lines are both 1.2m, so as to realize the drawing of the grid;

[0037] S3, laying the first waterproof layer 30, the wire mesh layer 40, the second waterproof layer 50, the compacted gravel layer 60, the first geotextile layer 70, the compacted biochar mixed clay layer 80, the second geotextile layer 71 and the vegetation growth base layer 90 in order from bottom to top along the slope surface of the carbonaceous rock slope body, and mixing grass seeds within a thickness of 3 cm on the inner surface of the plant growth layer 90;

[0038] The specific operation is as follows: after spraying the first waterproof layer 30 on the slope surface of the carbonaceous rock slope body 10, a wire mesh is laid on the first waterproof layer 30, and the wire mesh is fixed on the anchor rod 20 to form the wire mesh layer 40, and then a second waterproof layer 50 is sprayed on the wire mesh layer 40 to ensure that the wire mesh is located in the middle of the second waterproof layer 50 (the middle here refers to the middle in the thickness direction); after laying the second waterproof layer 50, the compacted gravel layer 60 is laid on the second waterproof layer 50, the first geotextile layer 70 is laid on the compacted gravel layer 60, the compacted biochar mixed clay layer 80 is laid on the first geotextile layer 70, the second geotextile layer 71 is laid on the compacted biochar mixed clay layer 80, and the plant growth layer 90 is laid on the second geotextile layer 71. After the plant growth layer 90 is laid, grass seeds are mixed within a thickness of 3 cm on the inner surface of the plant growth layer 90.

[0039] In the present invention, the grass seeds are ryegrass 91 seeds, and 40 g of grass seeds are sprayed in the surface layer of the plant growth layer per square meter.

[0040] S4. Maintenance: After mixing the grass seeds, use non-woven fabric to cover 90% of the surface of the vegetation growth base, water it regularly to ensure the moisture required for the growth of the grass seeds, and maintain it for one month.

[0041] The application method of the structural system for preventing and reinforcing the carbonaceous rock slope surface described in the present invention has the advantages of simple construction work, low construction cost, and being green and environmentally friendly.

[0042] In order to understand the protective performance of the structural system for anti-seepage and reinforcement of the carbonaceous rock slope surface of the present invention, an indoor comparative test was carried out on the structural system for anti-seepage and reinforcement of the carbonaceous rock slope surface of the present invention and other slope protection systems. The test adopted a comparative method to study the three slope protection structures. The three slope protection systems, namely the structural system for anti-seepage and reinforcement of the carbonaceous rock slope surface of the present invention, the soil-covered carbonaceous rock slope protection system and the vegetation concrete slope protection system, were subjected to indoor tests. The materials used in the test included carbonaceous rock, soil, gravel, biochar mixed clay, plant growth layer, vegetation concrete, compound fertilizer and grass seeds.

[0043] Here, it should be noted that the soil used in this experiment was yellow clay;

[0044] The particle size of the gravel used is 0.3mm to 0.45mm;

[0045] The biochar compacted biochar mixed clay layer used is a mixture of commercially purchased biochar and clay, and its particle size is less than 0.05 mm;

[0046] The vegetation concrete used is a mixture of soil, cement, additives and humus in proportion, wherein the additives and humus are purchased in the market;

[0047] The compound fertilizer used is made by mixing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in a ratio of 5:4:3;

[0048] The grass species used was ryegrass 91;

[0049] The carbonaceous rock used was taken from the carbonaceous rock on the carbonaceous rock slope of the Z2K4+640 construction site along the Hechi to Baise Expressway in Guangxi. The physical and mechanical indicators and main chemical components of the carbonaceous rock were measured, and the results are shown below.

[0050] The physical and mechanical indicators of carbonaceous rock are shown in Table 1:

[0051] Table 1 Physical and mechanical indicators of carbonaceous rock

[0052]

[0053] The main chemical components of carbonaceous rock are shown in Table 2:

[0054] Table 2 Main chemical components of carbonaceous rock (%)

[0055]

[0056] The test steps are as follows:

[0057] T1. Select three sample boxes of the same specifications and mark them as A, B and C respectively to obtain three test groups; the sample box in the present invention is a rectangular structure with a hollow interior and an open top.

[0058] T2, add 5 cm thick carbonaceous rock with a particle size less than 0.4 mm to groups A, B and C respectively;

[0059] T3. Lay 2 cm thick gravel on the carbonaceous rock of group A and compact it, then lay a first geotextile layer on the gravel, then lay a 4 cm thick compacted biochar mixed clay layer on the first geotextile layer and hammer it, lay a second geotextile layer on the compacted biochar mixed clay layer, then lay a 6 cm thick plant growth layer on the second geotextile layer, and mix 6 g of ryegrass 91 grass seeds at a thickness of 2 cm on the plant growth layer to obtain the slope protection system of group A (i.e., the structural system for anti-seepage and reinforcement of the carbonaceous rock slope surface of the present invention);

[0060] It should be noted here that since this experiment reflects the protective performance of the structural system for anti-seepage and reinforcement of the carbonaceous rock slope surface of the present invention by studying the growth of vegetation in the structural system for anti-seepage and reinforcement of the carbonaceous rock slope surface of the present invention, and this experiment is an indoor experiment, there is no reinforcement structure of the first protective layer, wire mesh and anchor rods.

[0061] T4, laying 6 cm thick loess on the carbonaceous rock of group B, and mixing 6 g of ryegrass 91 seeds into the 2 cm thick loess surface layer to obtain the slope protection system of group B (i.e., soil covering carbonaceous rock slope protection system); and laying 6 cm thick vegetation concrete on the carbonaceous rock of group C, and mixing 6 g of ryegrass 91 seeds into the 2 cm thick surface layer of vegetation concrete to obtain the slope protection system of group C (vegetation concrete slope protection system);

[0062] T5. Record the temperature and humidity at 12:00 noon every day, measure the growth length of plants in groups A, B and C with a tape measure, and record them; water at 12:10 noon every day, the watering frequency is once a day, the watering amount is 50g for each sample box, and water is sprayed with a sprayer to spray water evenly on the surface; apply compound fertilizer every Sunday, the fertilizer amount is 5-10g / m2; according to the above maintenance conditions, maintain groups A, B and C for one month respectively.

[0063] Test results:

[0064] Figure 3The figure shows the relationship between the height of vegetation growth and the maintenance cycle in the three groups A, B and C. It can be seen from the figure that the vegetation in the slope protection system of group A grows the fastest, which is specifically manifested in the fast germination and growth rate of the grass seeds in the slope protection system; the vegetation in the slope protection system of group C grows the slowest, which is specifically manifested in the slow germination of the grass seeds in the slope protection system, and there are still many grass seeds that have not germinated, and the vegetation grows slowly; the vegetation growth in the slope protection system of group B is faster than that in the slope protection system of group C, but the overall difference in the plant growth in the two systems is not much;

[0065] This experiment also shows that the vegetation in the slope protection system of Group A grows very densely and the vegetation grows very well; while the vegetation in the slope protection systems of Groups B and C is relatively sparse, the vegetation grows poorly, and there are many local areas without vegetation growth.

[0066] This shows that the structural system for anti-seepage and reinforcement of carbonaceous rock slope surface described in the present invention is very suitable for carbonaceous rock slopes. The reinforcement structure composed of the first protective layer, wire mesh and anchor rods can not only protect the carbonaceous rock from the influence of rain and temperature, prevent the carbonaceous rock from being soaked and disintegrated by water, but also allow vegetation to grow densely and improve stability.

[0067] In this document, the directional words such as front, back, top, and bottom are defined by the positions of the components in the drawings and the positions of the components relative to each other, and are only for the sake of clarity and convenience in expressing the technical solution. It should be understood that the use of the directional words should not limit the scope of protection claimed in this application.

[0068] In the absence of conflict, the above embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0069] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A structural system for preventing and reinforcing the surface of a carbonaceous rock slope, characterized in that: The invention comprises a carbonaceous rock slope body (10) and a plurality of anchor rods (20), wherein the plurality of anchor rods (20) are arranged perpendicular to the slope surface of the carbonaceous rock slope body (10), and one end of the anchor rods (20) close to the carbonaceous rock slope body (10) is fixed inside the carbonaceous rock slope body (10), and the slope surface of the carbonaceous rock slope body (10) is sequentially paved with a first waterproof layer (30), a wire mesh layer (40), a second waterproof layer (50), a compacted gravel layer (60), a first geotextile layer (70), a compacted biochar mixed clay layer (80), a second geotextile layer (71) and a vegetation growth base layer (90) from bottom to top, and plants are planted on the vegetation growth base layer (90); The first waterproof layer (30) is made of epoxy resin coating; The second waterproof layer (50) is a concrete waterproof layer; The compacted gravel layer (60) consists of gravel; The compacted biochar mixed clay layer (80) consists of biochar and clay, and the weight ratio of the biochar to the clay is 3:1; The vegetation growth base (90) is composed of high-ductility concrete, organic matter, soil and incineration ash, and the weight ratio of the high-ductility concrete, the organic matter, the soil and the incineration ash is 1:1:2:1; The plant is ryegrass (91).

2. The structural system for preventing and reinforcing the surface of a carbonaceous rock slope according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The thickness of the first waterproof layer (30) is 2 mm.

3. The structural system for preventing and reinforcing the surface of a carbonaceous rock slope according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The wire mesh layer (40) is composed of wire mesh, and the wire mesh is fixedly connected to a plurality of anchor rods (20). The specification of the wire mesh is 16#, and the mesh size is 0.2m×0.2m.

4. The structural system for preventing and reinforcing the surface of a carbonaceous rock slope according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The thickness of the second waterproof layer (50) is 6 cm.

5. The structural system for preventing and reinforcing the surface of a carbonaceous rock slope according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The particle size of the gravel ranges from 0.3 mm to 0.45 mm, and the thickness is 8 cm.

6. The structural system for preventing and reinforcing the surface of a carbonaceous rock slope according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The thickness of the compacted biochar mixed clay layer (80) is 10 cm.

7. The structural system for preventing and reinforcing the surface of a carbonaceous rock slope according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The thickness of the vegetation growth base layer (90) is 12 cm.

8. An application method of the structural system for preventing and reinforcing the carbonaceous rock slope surface according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: It mainly includes the following steps: S1, leveling the slope surface: leveling the slope surface of the carbonaceous rock slope body (10); S2, setting anchor rods (20): drilling anchor rod (20) holes corresponding to a plurality of anchor rods (20) on the slope surface of the carbonaceous rock slope body (10), and fixing the anchor rods (20) in the corresponding anchor rod (20) holes; S3, laying a first waterproof layer (30), a wire mesh layer (40), a second waterproof layer (50), a compacted gravel layer (60), a first geotextile layer (70), a compacted biochar mixed clay layer (80), a second geotextile layer (71) and a vegetation growth base layer (90) in sequence from bottom to top along the slope surface of the carbonaceous rock slope body (10), and mixing grass seeds within a thickness of 3 cm on the surface of the vegetation growth base layer (90); S4. Maintenance: After mixing the grass seeds, use non-woven fabric to cover the surface of the vegetation growth base (90) and maintain it for one month.

9. The application method of the structural system for preventing and reinforcing the surface of a carbonaceous rock slope according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The grass species are ryegrass (91) species.

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