Manufacturing system and method of face blocks and their application in tests

Abstract

The present invention provides a manufacturing system and a manufacturing method for a face protection block and its application in an experiment, and belongs to the field of breakwater engineering. By drawing a three-dimensional model block, and then making a negative mold from a 3D printed model block positive mold and atomic putty, and then performing a series of works such as filling, demoulding, benchmarking, and local polishing and rust prevention, the completed model test block can meet the requirements of similarity, manufacturing feasibility, price economy, and durability of use in the experiment. After the test is completed, the block can be recycled and reused in subsequent stability tests of other engineering projects, and the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection are met. The method for manufacturing the block is ingeniously conceived and easy to operate, which not only improves work efficiency, but also substantially improves the simulation technology of engineering stability tests.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of breakwater engineering, and relates to artificial blocks of breakwater and revetment engineering structural sections, and in particular to a manufacturing system and method of the revetment blocks and their application in experiments. Background Art

[0002] Breakwaters and revetments protect coastal towns, farmlands, salt fields and beaches, prevent flooding by storm surges, and resist the invasion and scouring of waves and currents. They are various forms of hydraulic structures, including breakwaters, revetments and beach protection projects. The determination of the cross-sectional type and size of breakwaters and revetments is related to the local water depth, dynamic factors, foundation characteristics, material sources and construction conditions. Breakwaters and revetments can be divided into two main types: slope type and steep vertical type. The slope type is a common classic protective structure in coastal and offshore projects, and has a long history of development.

[0003] Since breakwaters are located in the sea, wind and wave conditions are complex, construction is difficult, and the technology is complex. Although the academic and engineering communities have continuously deepened their understanding of them, they still face many complex problems in the process of breakwater construction, and breakwater damage accidents occur from time to time. For example, in recent years, the breakwaters and revetment projects of Kamaishi Port in Iwate Prefecture, Japan, Qingdao Shipyard, Dalian Fujia Dahua, and Shandong Lanshan Port have been damaged. Each damage has caused great losses, causing varying degrees of damage and economic losses to the protected waters, ships, onshore facilities and buildings. How to reduce the probability of damage to breakwaters and revetment projects, and after the damage occurs, minimize the economic losses caused by the damage to the protective projects. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out advance warning and post-evaluation of breakwaters and bank protection projects. Since the process of interaction between waves and structures in coastal projects is an energy transfer process involving fluids, solids and gases, people still cannot accurately describe this process. At present, the feasibility and rationality of the plan are still verified by wave physical model tests, numerical simulation calculations or field observation tests. The above three methods are also commonly used research methods for the interaction of offshore structures. Compared with numerical simulation calculations and field observations, physical model test research is more economical, intuitive and easy to implement.

[0004] Protective artificial face blocks are a common form of protection in breakwaters and bank protection projects. They are mainly used to attenuate waves and protect the safety of breakwaters and other structural entities. The on-site artificial face block materials can be natural stones or artificially cast concrete blocks. For physical model tests, it is necessary to consider the similarity between the site and the model, that is, the similarity of geometric dimensions and gravity. At the same time, it is also necessary to consider the feasibility, economy, strength and durability of the production method. Summary of the invention

[0005] The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a manufacturing system and method for a face guard block and its application in a test, mainly the manufacturing process and application of the face guard block, so as to meet the flow accuracy and work efficiency during the test, shorten the model test cycle and ensure the quality of the model test.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] The manufacturing system of the face protection block includes a test workshop, wherein the test workshop is provided with a block manufacturing area, an office area, a raw material storage area, a manufacturing tool storage area and a test processing area. The office area includes a computer room and a 3D printing room. The computer room is used to design a three-dimensional drawing of the face protection block, and the 3D printing room is used to print the face protection block, and the printed face protection block is used as a block positive mold; the raw material storage area is used to store raw materials for manufacturing the face protection block, the manufacturing tool storage area is used to store corresponding tools, and the test processing area is used to test and perform local grinding, fine repair and rust prevention treatment of the protection block.

[0008] Furthermore, the raw material storage area and the production tool storage area are configured as multiple independent areas for storing different items. The test workshop is provided with a temperature regulating device to ensure a constant temperature indoors. The block production area includes multiple production work platforms.

[0009] Furthermore, the face protection block comprises an upper block, a middle block and a lower block which are sequentially arranged and connected from top to bottom, the cross section of the upper block is an inverted trapezoid, the cross section of the lower block is a trapezoid, the upper block and the lower block correspond to each other and are symmetrically arranged, the middle block is arranged perpendicular to the side of the upper block, and the middle block is symmetrically arranged relative to the vertical center plane of the upper block;

[0010] The cross section of the middle block is a rhombus with a straight line segment in the middle;

[0011] The side edges at both ends of the upper block are chamfered; the side edges at both ends of the middle block are chamfered; and the side edges at both ends of the upper block are chamfered.

[0012] Furthermore, it is made by 3D printing, and the printing material used is nylon, PLA, ABS or TPU.

[0013] The method for manufacturing a face protection block comprises the following steps:

[0014] S1. Preparation before making the protective block; S2. Determine the geometric scale of similar tests; S3. Calculate the weight and size of the test block according to the data in S2, and convert the prototype protective block into model values; S4. Draw a three-dimensional diagram of the block; S5. 3D print the positive mold of the block; S6. Purchase raw materials and tools for making; S7. Make a negative mold of the block; S8. Prepare raw materials and trial-make block samples; S9. Calculate its density; S10. Compare the sample with the standard density to determine whether it is qualified. If it is unqualified, repeat steps S8 and S2; S11. After passing the test, officially make the block; S12. Polish and repair defects of the protective block, and do anti-rust treatment; S13. After the block is made, clean up.

[0015] Furthermore, in S2, the test scale with similar geometric weight and size, the scale relationship between various physical quantities, and the conversion results between various physical quantities when the test scale is 25 are determined according to the test simulation procedure.

[0016] Further, in step S6, the raw materials are atomic putty and iron powder. The type of atomic putty is selected according to the seasonal temperature. Medium iron powder is used with a particle size of 44 to 150 μm. The atomic putty includes main putty and curing agent. The ratio of main putty to curing agent is 100:1.5 to 3.

[0017] Further, in step S7, a square box is first made. The outer dimensions of the square box are determined by the size of the male mold of the block to be made, that is, after the overall contour mold of the female mold of the block is completed, its outer wall still needs a 5cm surplus width. After the square box is made, the raw materials completed in step S6 are evenly poured into the square box, and wait for 3 to 5 minutes until the raw materials reach a certain strength. During this period, the spare male mold of the block is evenly smeared with vegetable oil on its surface with a brush. After waiting for the time to arrive, half of the male mold of the block is evenly and slowly pressed into the raw material of the square box, and in the process of pressing into the male mold, it is ensured that the center of the block is in a straight line with the center of the square box as much as possible. After pressing in, wait for 15 minutes again until the raw material gel solidifies and reaches sufficient strength. In this way, the production process of half of the female mold is completed, and the remaining half of the male mold is pressed into the same method as above, and finally demolding is completed to complete the production of the entire female mold. At this time, the outer dimensions of the female mold need to be checked until it is qualified. .

[0018] The application of the face block in the test is characterized by comprising the following steps: T1. Before the test, the face block is placed on the test section of the engineering breakwater. First, in the test tank or harbor, according to the test purpose, the face blocks are randomly or regularly placed on the test section. When placing, the face blocks of different colors are placed in a certain strip shape to facilitate the distinction and the instability of the block movement during the test. After the placement is completed, the test section is shown in the attached figure;

[0019] T2. During the test, observe whether the armor block is unstable; observe whether the block moves and produces displacement under the action of water forces such as waves and water flow, and determine its stable state;

[0020] T3. After the test, the face block is managed. The block is transported to the designated location, the surface sludge of the test block is cleaned and the color is supplemented. After completion, the block is placed in the designated storage rack, and the name and weight of the block are marked on the frame identification plate to facilitate reuse in the next test;

[0021] T4. Repeated application of blocks. Since there are usually only 5 to 6 types of face blocks used in breakwater and revetment projects, the repetitiveness of using the same type of blocks is high. Therefore, for the stability of blocks in subsequent new projects, first determine whether the face blocks used are of the same type based on the design drawings of the breakwater or revetment of the new project. If not, the above-mentioned new face blocks are made again;

[0022] T5. If it is determined to be the same type of block, the test scale is adjusted by the calculation method in Table 1 and Table 2 above, so that the geometric size and weight of the existing block meet the test requirements of the new project, and the duplication of the existing block is achieved;

[0023] T6. Then restart the stability test of the protective blocks of the new project from steps T1 to T3.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and positive effects.

[0025] 1. The present invention provides a system and method for making an artificial face protection block for a stability test of a breakwater and a revetment project, and its application in the test, which meets the purpose of the stability test, ensures the test accuracy, improves the work efficiency, shortens the model test cycle, and saves the test cost.

[0026] 2. In the process of making the face protection block, by drawing the three-dimensional model block, and then making the negative mold from the 3D printed model block positive mold, putty + curing agent, and then a series of work such as filling, demoulding, benchmarking, and improvement, the completed test block can meet the requirements of similarity, production feasibility, material saving, economy and durability in the above tests, reflecting economy, durability and reuse, reducing test costs, speeding up test progress, and avoiding waste of resources;

[0027] 3. The face blocks have been successfully applied in the test flume and harbor model tests, and the test objectives in the research projects have been well achieved. After the test is completed, the blocks can be used in another new project through maintenance management and changing the model scale, thereby giving full play to their recycling function, which can reduce the test expenses and speed up the progress of the test. The blocks can be recycled again in the subsequent stability tests of other engineering projects to meet the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection. At the same time, the raw materials of the new materials prepared by the invention are easy to purchase in the market and are cheap. The method for making the blocks is ingenious and easy to operate, which not only improves the work efficiency, but also has a substantial improvement in the simulation technology of engineering stability tests, and can be promoted and applied in similar tests of other hydraulic and river engineering models;

[0028] 4. In this application, the blocks are made according to similar scale relationships, and a certain ratio of new materials, 3D printing block positive mold technology and other manufacturing methods are used for artificial face protection blocks, as well as the face protection blocks are used in physical model tests of flumes and harbors under the action of wind, wave and water dynamic conditions;

[0029] 5. The production of the face blocks is completed in the laboratory. Compared with the actual on-site construction of artificial blocks using reinforced concrete, in order to ensure the strength and weight of the blocks, different material combinations are set in the laboratory, and finally the material configuration scheme in this application is obtained;

[0030] 6. Through 3D printing technology, the negative and positive molds of the blocks are obtained, and the configured materials are used to produce standard blocks to ensure the standardization of the blocks and speed up work efficiency. The main function of the 3D printer is to print the positive and negative molds of the face-protecting blocks during production, not to print blocks in large quantities. The artificial block given in the article is just an example, and it can print any block. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0032] Attached Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the manufacturing method and application of the face protection block of the present invention;

[0033] Attached Figure 2 It is a plan layout of the face block manufacturing system;

[0034] Attached Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the face block;

[0035] Attached Figure 4 This is the completed drawing of the negative mold of the face guard block;

[0036] Attached Figure 5It is an elevation drawing showing the distribution of the usage and management positions of the facing blocks.

[0037] Reference numerals:

[0038] 1. Test workshop; 2. Temperature control device; 3. Office area; 31. Computer room; 32. 3D printing room; 4. Raw material storage area; 41. Putty area; 42. First curing agent area; 43. Second curing agent area; 5. Production tool storage area; 51. Brush area; 52. Vegetable oil area; 53. Paint area; 6. Block production area; 61. Production work platform; 7. Test processing area; 71. Sample testing room; 72 Repair room; 8. Test water tank; 9. Test section; 10. Block cleaning area; 11. Block storage rack; 100, upper block; 200, middle block; 300, lower block; 400, chamfer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0040] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and the like are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", and the like may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0041] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by specific circumstances.

[0042] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0043] like Figure 1 to Figure 5As shown, the present invention is a protective face block, including a protective face block, including an upper block 100, a middle block 200 and a lower block 300 arranged and connected in sequence from top to bottom, the cross section of the upper block 100 is an inverted trapezoid, the cross section of the lower block 300 is a trapezoid, the upper block 100 and the lower block 300 correspond to each other and are symmetrically arranged, the middle block 200 is arranged perpendicular to the side of the upper block 100, and the middle block 200 is symmetrically arranged relative to the vertical center plane of the upper block 100;

[0044] The cross section of the middle block 200 is a rhombus with a straight line segment in the middle;

[0045] The side edges at both ends of the upper block 100 are provided with chamfers 400; the side edges at both ends of the middle block 200 are provided with chamfers 400; the side edges at both ends of the upper block 100 are provided with chamfers 400, and chamfers 400 are set.

[0046] Preferably, it is made by 3D printing, and the printing material used is nylon, PLA, ABS or TPU, wherein the 3D printer selects the common stereo nozzle printer on the market, and the price is mostly between 1,000 and 2,000 yuan. This type of 3D printer meets the requirements of block mold accuracy very well, and a 3D printed block positive mold is used.

[0047] The system for manufacturing face protection blocks includes a test workshop, which is equipped with a block manufacturing area, an office area, a raw material storage area, a manufacturing tool storage area and a test and processing area. The office area includes a computer room and a 3D printing room. The computer room is used to design a three-dimensional drawing of the face protection block, and the 3D printing room is used to print the face protection block. The printed face protection block is used as a block positive mold; the raw material storage area is used to store raw materials for manufacturing the face protection blocks, the manufacturing tool storage area is used to store corresponding tools, and the test and processing area is used to test and perform local grinding, fine repair and rust prevention treatment of the protection block.

[0048] Preferably, the raw material storage area and the production tool storage area are configured as multiple independent areas for storing different items. The experimental workshop is provided with a temperature regulating device to ensure a constant temperature indoors. The block production area includes multiple production work platforms.

[0049] When making the model block, the entire workflow is as follows: prepare the site test workshop 1 before making the block, as well as the temperature control device 2 and instrument configuration in the test workshop; then determine the similar test scale in the computer room 31 of the office area 3 according to the engineering design drawings, according to the size of the test site (water tank, harbor) and the measurement equipment capacity, and then calculate the size and weight of the model test block according to the similarity relationship; obtain the model size, and draw the three-dimensional stereogram of the test block through AutoCAD software. Then, the three-dimensional stereogram of the block is transmitted to the 3D printer room 32 to print out the block positive mold. At this time, according to the number of blocks required for the test, the amount of raw materials used for the block and the corresponding production tools are statistically calculated and stored on the shelves of the raw material storage area 4, the putty area 41, the first curing agent area 42, the second curing agent 43, and the production tool storage area 5 shelves, the brush area 51 is used to store brushes, etc., the vegetable oil area 52 is used to store vegetable oil, and the paint area 53 is used to store paint. According to the printed block positive mold and the raw material putty, the production of the block negative mold is carried out on the production work platform 61 of the block production area 6 , and then use the produced block negative mold, and refer to the results in Table 3 to select different preparation schemes of atomic putty and iron powder according to different conditions, stir the prepared materials into a mixture to make block samples, and then use a measuring cylinder and an electronic scale to measure whether each sample is qualified in the sample testing room 71 in the test processing area 7. If qualified, return to the 4 work platforms in the block production room to start formal block production. After the block is made, it will be locally polished and repaired in the repair room 72, and spray-painted for rust prevention. Finally, the entire test workshop is cleaned, and the production tools and remaining raw materials are stored and stacked.

[0050] When the block is used, first place the stability test section 9 in the test water tank 8. According to the purpose and content of the test, the face blocks of different colors are randomly or regularly placed on the test section in strips. Then, water is injected into the test water tank to the test water level, and the stability model test is started. Under the action of water dynamics such as waves and water flow, observe whether the block moves and produces displacement, and evaluate whether instability occurs. After the test, the block is transported to the block cleaning area 10 behind the water tank to clean the surface sludge of the test block, and then after drying, the block with broken paint on the surface is recolored. After completion, the block is placed on the block storage rack 11, and a sign is installed on the frame to mark the name and weight of the block, so as to facilitate the reuse of the same type of face block stability test for the next new project. When other subsequent stability projects are carried out again, the same as above, first in the office area of ​​the test workshop, according to the provided engineering design drawings, determine whether the face blocks used in the project are of the same type of blocks. If not, a new block is made. If it is determined to be the same type of block, the calculation method in Table 1 and Table 2 above is used to adjust the test scale so that the geometric dimensions and weight of the existing blocks meet the stability test requirements of the new project, realize the block recycling application, and carry out the corresponding breakwater or revetment section block stability test.

[0051] The method for making a face armor block comprises the following steps.

[0052] (1) Preparation before block production: including the production site and environment. In order to ensure the reasonable layout of the block production environment, progress and each process, the production site is generally a test workshop with a length × width × height = 15.0m × 10m × 3.0m. Four ventilation windows and a temperature control device are set in the workshop to ensure good indoor ventilation conditions. When making blocks in different seasons, the indoor temperature can be kept within the range of 20℃ ~ 30℃. The overall plan layout of the face block production is shown in the attached Figure 2 .

[0053] (2) Determine the geometric scale of similar tests: Determine the test scale with similar geometry, weight and size according to the test simulation procedures, the scale relationship between various physical quantities, and the conversion results between various physical quantities when the test scale is 25. See Table 1 for details.

[0054] Table 1 Scales of physical quantities in the model

[0055]

[0056] (3) Calculate the weight and size of the test body: According to the test scale in Table 1, convert the prototype armor block into the model value. For example, an 8000kg armor block is used as an example. The block size, density and weight calculation results are shown in Table 2.

[0057] Table 2 Calculation of original block size and weight to model results

[0058]

[0059] (4) Drawing the three-dimensional stereogram of the artificial block: The block model value obtained by the calculation method in Table 2 is then drawn using the three-dimensional drawing software AutoCAD commonly used in engineering to draw the three-dimensional stereogram of the block. After the three-dimensional stereogram of the example block is drawn, see the attached Figure 3 .

[0060] (5) 3D printed block positive mold: The drawn three-dimensional image is used to print out a block positive mold through a 3D printer. The 3D printer is a common three-dimensional nozzle printer on the market. The printing materials used are nylon, PLA, ABS, and TPU. The prices are mostly between 1,000 and 2,000 yuan. This type of 3D printer can well meet the requirements of block mold accuracy.

[0061] (6) Purchase of raw materials and tools: The raw materials purchased on the market are mainly unsaturated polyester resin putty (Poly-Putty Base, hereinafter referred to as atomic putty) and iron powder. The atomic putty consists of two parts: main ash (base ash) and curing agent. The components of the curing agent are generally initiators and plasticizers, which play a role in initiating polymerization and enhancing performance. The atomic putties on the market are divided into summer type and winter type. Therefore, when making blocks, different types of atomic putties can be used according to the different seasonal temperatures. Iron powder is black in color and is divided into five grades according to particle size: coarse powder, medium powder, fine powder, microfine powder and ultrafine powder. Iron powder composed of particles with a particle size of 150-500μm is coarse powder, with a particle size of 44-150μm is medium powder, with a particle size of 10-44μm is fine powder, with a particle size of 0.5-10μm is ultrafine powder, and with a particle size of less than 0.5μm is ultrafine powder. For the material for making the test block, the particle size of 44-150μm is medium powder. The main production tools are scrapers, putty knives, brushes and vegetable oil.

[0062] (7) To make a negative mold of the block, use the putty purchased above to mix the main putty and the curing agent at a ratio of 100:1.5~3 (by weight, the same below) and mix them evenly (with consistent color). The lower the temperature in winter, the more curing agent is used, but generally it should not be greater than 100:3. Prepare to put the stirred mixture into a cubic box. In order to prevent deformation during the production of the negative mold, the box frame needs to have a certain strength. Iron, wood and organic plastic boards can be used. Generally, 2 cm plastic boards are used for easy production. The outer dimensions of the square box are determined by the size of the positive mold of the block to be manufactured, that is, to ensure that after the overall contour mold of the block negative mold is completed, its outer wall still needs a surplus width of 5 cm. After the square box is made, the raw materials completed in step S6 are evenly poured into the square box, and wait for 3 to 5 minutes until the raw materials reach a certain strength. During this period, the spare block positive mold is evenly coated with vegetable oil on its surface with a brush. After waiting for the time to arrive, half of the block positive mold is evenly and slowly pressed into the square box raw material, and in the process of pressing into the positive mold, ensure that the center of the block is as close to the center of the square box as possible in a straight line. After pressing in, wait again for 15 minutes until the raw material gel solidifies and reaches sufficient strength. In this way, the production process of half of the negative mold is completed, and the remaining half of the positive mold is pressed in using the same method as above, and finally demolding is completed to complete the production of the entire negative mold. At this time, the outer dimensions of the negative mold need to be checked until it is qualified. The finished negative mold is shown in the attached Figure 4 .

[0063] (8) Prepare raw materials and trial-produce block samples: Use atomic ash and medium-coarse iron powder to make a proportion. To ensure the accuracy of each proportion, each raw material is weighed using an electronic scale. After each mixing, use the negative mold made in step (7) to trial-produce 10 samples.

[0064] (9) Measure the volume V and weight m of each sample using a 2000ml graduated cylinder and a 5kg range electronic scale, and finally calculate the density. To determine the rationality of the proportioning scheme and take into account the losses in the production process, after adopting the following scheme, random sampling is still required to ensure the accuracy of the block.

[0065] After a large number of test batches and trial mixes, three typical mix ratios for the production of face armor blocks for laboratory model tests under different conditions were obtained, as shown in Table 3.

[0066] Table 3 Raw material ratio schemes for different situations (weight)

[0067]

[0068] (10) Compare the actual density ρ of the block with the standard density ρ. The error of the 10 samples is required to be less than 3% to determine whether the block is qualified. If it is unqualified, repeat steps (8) and (9). If it is qualified, proceed to the next step.

[0069] (11) After the density ρ is qualified, the test blocks are formally produced. At the same time, when the number of produced blocks reaches 100, step (9) needs to be repeated again, and the produced blocks are sampled to determine whether the block size, weight and density are qualified, so as to further ensure the accuracy of the blocks.

[0070] (12) The block is partially polished and repaired, and anti-rust treatment is performed; after the block is completed, each corner of the block is partially polished, especially if there are bubbles and roughness on the surface of the block, and the mixture is used to make minor repairs. In addition, since the iron powder material used in the block is easily rusted when exposed to air and water, this not only affects the appearance of the block, but also the weight of the block may be reduced due to rust, affecting the test accuracy and the reuse of the block. At the same time, in order to facilitate the observation of the unstable state of the block movement during the test, different colors of paint are sprayed for final treatment. Generally, the entire block is divided into three categories, namely red, yellow, and blue.

[0071] (13) After the production is completed, clean up. First, for the disposal of the remaining raw materials, the putty is a hazardous chemical and must be stored in a cool place, away from heat sources, sunlight, backlogs, collisions, etc., and must be placed in a designated area; iron powder, also to prevent oxidation, needs to be sealed in a plastic bag; tools, block positive and negative molds, etc. are placed in the tool rack. The specific layout is shown in the attached Figure 2 , other hygiene is handled by conventional methods.

[0072] The face blocks were used in the test, including the following steps.

[0073] 1. T1. Before the test, the armour blocks are placed on the test section of the engineering breakwater. First, in the test tank or harbor, according to the test purpose, the armour blocks are randomly or regularly placed on the test section. When placing, the armour blocks of different colors are placed in a certain strip shape to facilitate the distinction and the instability of the block movement during the test. After the placement is completed, the test section is shown in the attached figure;

[0074] T2. During the test, observe whether the armor block is unstable; observe whether the block moves and produces displacement under the action of water forces such as waves and water flow, and determine its stable state;

[0075] T3. After the test, the face block is managed. The block is transported to the designated location, the surface sludge of the test block is cleaned and the color is supplemented. After completion, the block is placed in the designated storage rack, and the name and weight of the block are marked on the frame identification plate to facilitate reuse in the next test;

[0076] T4. Repeated application of blocks. Since there are usually only 5 to 6 types of face blocks used in breakwater and revetment projects, the repetitiveness of using the same type of blocks is high. Therefore, for the stability of blocks in subsequent new projects, first determine whether the face blocks used are of the same type based on the design drawings of the breakwater or revetment of the new project. If not, the above-mentioned new face block production process is carried out again;

[0077] T5. If it is determined to be the same type of block, the test scale is adjusted through the calculation method in Table 1 and Table 2 above, so that the geometric size and weight of the existing block meet the test requirements of the new project, and the existing block can be reused;

[0078] T6, start the breakwater or protection project surface stability test work from step T1 to T3 again.

[0079] The above is a detailed description of an embodiment of the present invention, but the content is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and cannot be considered to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made within the scope of the present invention should still fall within the scope of the patent coverage of the present invention.

Claims

1. The application of the face block in the test is characterized by: The method includes the following steps: T1. Before the test, the face blocks are placed on the test section of the engineering breakwater. First, in the test water tank or harbor, according to the test purpose, the face blocks are randomly or regularly placed on the test section. When placing, the face blocks of different colors are placed in a certain strip shape to facilitate the distinction and the instability of the block movement during the test; T2. During the test, observe whether the armor block is unstable; observe whether the block moves and displaces under the hydrodynamic effects of waves and currents to determine its stable state; T3. After the test, the face blocks are managed, the blocks are transported to the designated location, the surface sludge of the test blocks is cleaned and the color is supplemented. After completion, the blocks are placed in the designated storage racks, and the name and weight of the blocks are marked on the frame identification plate to facilitate reuse in the next test; T4. Repeated application of blocks. Since there are usually only 5 to 6 types of face blocks used in breakwater and revetment projects, the repetitiveness of using the same type of blocks is high. Therefore, for the stability of blocks in subsequent new projects, first determine whether the face blocks used are of the same type based on the design drawings of the breakwater or revetment of the new project. If not, proceed with the production process of new face blocks; T5. If it is determined to be the same type of block, adjust the test scale so that the geometric size and weight of the existing block meet the test requirements of the new project, and realize the repeated use of the existing block; T6. Start the breakwater face stability test work from steps T1 to T3 again.

2. The use of the face block according to claim 1 in a test, characterized in that: The method for making the face guard block includes the following steps: S1, preparation before making the face guard block; S2, determining the similar test geometric scale; S3, calculating the weight and size of the test face guard block according to the data in S2, and converting the weight and geometric size of the prototype face guard block into model values; S4, drawing a three-dimensional stereogram of the block; S5, 3D printing the block positive mold; S6, purchasing raw materials and tools for making; S7, making the block negative mold; S8, preparing raw materials, and trial-making block samples; S9, calculating its density; S10, comparing the sample with the standard density to determine whether it is qualified. If it is unqualified, repeating the work of S8 and S2; S11, after passing the test, formally making the block; S12, grinding and repairing the defects of the face guard block, and performing anti-rust treatment; S13, the block is made and cleaned.

3. The use of the face block according to claim 2 in a test, characterized in that: In S2, the test scale with similar geometric weight and size and the scale relationship between various physical quantities are determined according to the test simulation procedure.

4. The use of the face block according to claim 2 in a test, characterized in that: In step S6, the raw materials are atomic putty and iron powder. The type of atomic putty is selected according to the seasonal temperature. Medium iron powder is used with a particle size of 44 to 150 μm. The atomic putty includes main putty and curing agent. The ratio of main putty to curing agent is 100:1.5 to 3.

5. The use of the face block according to claim 2 in a test, characterized in that: In step S7, a square box is first made. The outer dimensions of the square box are determined by the size of the positive mold of the block to be made, that is, after the overall contour mold of the block negative mold is completed, its outer wall still needs a surplus width of 5 cm. After the square box is made, the raw materials completed in step S6 are evenly poured into the square box and wait for 3 to 5 minutes. During this period, the spare block positive mold is evenly coated with vegetable oil on its surface with a brush. After waiting for the time to arrive, half of the block positive mold is evenly and slowly pressed into the square box raw material, and in the process of pressing the positive mold, ensure that the center of the block is as close to the center of the square box as possible in a straight line. After pressing in, wait again for 15 minutes until the raw material gel solidifies. In this way, the half-negative mold making process is completed, and the remaining other half of the positive mold is pressed in the same method as above, and finally the entire negative mold is demolded to complete the production of the entire negative mold. At this time, the outer dimensions of the negative mold need to be checked until it is qualified.

6. The use of the face block according to claim 1 in a test, characterized in that: The production system of the face guard block includes a test workshop, which is equipped with a block production area, an office area, a raw material storage area, a production tool storage area and a test and processing area. The office area includes a computer room and a 3D printing room. The computer room is used to design a three-dimensional drawing of the face guard block, and the 3D printing room is used to print the face guard block, and the printed face guard block is used as a block positive mold; the raw material storage area is used to store raw materials for making the face guard block, the production tool storage area is used to store corresponding tools, and the test and processing area is used to test and perform local grinding, fine repair and rust prevention treatment of the protection block.

7. The use of the face block according to claim 6 in a test, characterized in that: The raw material storage area and the production tool storage area are both configured as multiple independent areas for storing different items. The test workshop is provided with a temperature regulating device to ensure a constant temperature indoors. The block production area includes multiple production work platforms.

8. The use of the face block according to claim 6 in a test, characterized in that: The face block includes an upper block, a middle block and a lower block which are sequentially arranged and connected from top to bottom, the cross section of the upper block is an inverted trapezoid, the cross section of the lower block is a trapezoid, the upper block and the lower block correspond to each other and are symmetrically arranged, the middle block is arranged perpendicular to the side of the upper block, and the middle block is symmetrically arranged relative to the vertical center plane of the upper block; The cross section of the middle block is a rhombus with a straight line segment in the middle; The side edges at both ends of the upper block are chamfered; the side edges at both ends of the middle block are chamfered; and the side edges at both ends of the upper block are chamfered.

9. The use of the face block according to claim 6 in a test, characterized in that: The face guard block is made by 3D printing, and the printing materials used are nylon, PLA, ABS or TPU.

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