A three-dimensional stress-deformation measurement device and method for mine filling body

Abstract

The present invention provides a three-dimensional stress-deformation measurement device and method for mine filling bodies, the purpose of which is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned existing equipment, such as the inability to form continuous monitoring, low accuracy of monitoring data, and low intelligence. The device is placed in the filling body, and the filling body deformation monitoring rod installed on the device is used to measure the change in the slope of the rod body as the filling body changes, and then the deformation of each section of the monitoring instrument is calculated. Through algebraic superposition, the deformation displacement of the filling body is obtained, and the stress of the filling body in each direction is monitored according to the filling body pressure monitoring boxes installed in three directions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention discloses a three-dimensional stress-deformation measuring device for mine filling body and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the development of the national economy, the demand for mining resources is increasing, and the contradiction between resource supply and demand is becoming increasingly prominent. For this reason, in addition to advancing into the deep, mining resources are more focused on finding shallow, complex and difficult-to-mine "three-down" resources and marine replacement resources. In order to resolve the contradiction between resources and safety, and the contradiction between resource utilization and surface deformation in the development of shallow, complex and difficult-to-mine resources, it is necessary to measure the deformation of rock formations in resource development. As we all know, goaf is the main cause of rock formation deformation and surface movement. Goaf filling, as the main measure and means of ground pressure management and prevention of surface deformation, is increasingly widely used. The natural compression deformation and deformation of the tailings filled in the goaf are important indicators that directly reflect the control of the overlying rock formation and surface deformation. Therefore, it is particularly important and urgent to accurately measure the deformation and deformation of the goaf filling body. According to relevant domestic and foreign data, although some people have studied the deformation of the filling body in the mining area, and have also tried to develop some monitoring equipment: for example, a pre-buried filling body lateral deformation measurement device was developed in patent CN20191102109.7, a filling body temperature sensor was proposed in patent CN110986395A, underwater foundation layered deformation measurement equipment and its setting method were disclosed in patent CN201610143118.7, and a foundation pit deformation monitoring device was disclosed in patent CN207538014, but the above research and development results generally still have the following problems:

[0003] (1) It is difficult for drilling monitoring instruments to drill holes. Under the environmental conditions of low strength and high water content of the filling body, it is difficult to drill holes to form an effective monitoring space;

[0004] (2) Most monitoring instruments are rigid components that cannot sensitively sense the deformation of the filling body, and the monitoring data is not accurate enough;

[0005] (3) Single-point monitoring instruments cannot meet the requirements for continuous monitoring of large-area mining sites;

[0006] (4) Monitoring data is overly dependent on manual collection, which makes the operation difficult and the safety of workers difficult to guarantee. In view of this, it is necessary to develop a filling deformation and stress measurement instrument that can work continuously in a low-intensity, high-content environment, with high accuracy, without drilling measurement, and automatic monitoring. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present invention provides a three-dimensional stress-deformation measuring device for mine filling and a method for using the same, the purpose of which is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned existing equipment, such as the inability to form continuous monitoring, low accuracy of monitoring data, low intelligence, etc. The device is placed in the filling, and the filling deformation monitoring rod installed on the device is used to measure the change in the slope of the rod as the filling changes, and then calculate the deformation of each section of the monitoring instrument, and then obtain the deformation displacement of the filling through algebraic superposition, and monitor the stress of the filling in each direction according to the filling pressure monitoring boxes installed in three directions.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0009] In a first aspect, the present invention proposes a three-dimensional stress-deformation measuring device for a mine filling body, comprising a rigid bracket, a rigid connecting rod, a multi-channel data acquisition module, a filling body deformation monitoring rod, and a filling body pressure monitoring box;

[0010] A filling body deformation monitoring rod is respectively arranged in the X, Y and Z directions of the rigid support, and the filling body deformation monitoring rod and the rigid support together form a rectangular frame. A filling body pressure monitoring box is respectively arranged on the three mutually perpendicular surfaces of the rectangular frame, and the filling body pressure monitoring box is fixed by a rigid connecting rod connected to the rigid support; the filling body pressure monitoring box and the filling body deformation monitoring rod are connected to the multi-channel data acquisition module.

[0011] As a further technical solution, the filling body deformation monitoring rod is composed of multiple flexible joints and multiple rigid rods. The flexible joints connect adjacent rigid rods so that the rigid rods can deform and swing freely in the filling body. A concave platform is provided on each rigid rod, and a three-dimensional inclinometer sensor is provided on the concave platform.

[0012] The head end of the rigid rod located at the head end is fixed on the rigid bracket; the tail end of the rigid rod located at the tail end is fixed on the rigid bracket.

[0013] In a second aspect, a method for measuring stress-deformation based on the three-dimensional stress-deformation measuring device for mine filling body comprises the following steps:

[0014] Step 1: Before filling the stope, bury the deformation measurement device in the stope as needed, and try to ensure that all three-dimensional inclinometer sensors are kept at the same level;

[0015] Step 2: The multi-channel data acquisition module collects and records the initial angle V between the two rods a and b ab , where a and b are any two adjacent rigid rods; the sensor at the fixed end is taken as the origin, and the initial angle V between the rods is ab , calculate the initial height H of each monitoring point relative to the fixed end 0b , where H0b is the initial height of monitoring point b relative to the fixed end;

[0016] Step 3: After the cable installation and waterproofing work is completed, the monitoring area is filled; when the surrounding rock of the area moves, the filling body is compressed and deformed, and the equipment buried inside can be displaced accordingly. The three-dimensional inclinometer sensor senses the angle between the rigid rods at this time. is the angle between adjacent rigid rods a and b at time n, and continuously sends the monitoring data to the data acquisition module;

[0017] Step 4: The data acquisition module organizes the received monitoring data by time and converts it into the height of each monitoring point relative to the fixed end at that moment

[0018] Step 5: The data acquisition device sends the integrated data to the surface terminal at a fixed time. The terminal data processing software uses the height obtained from the monitoring to With initial height H 0b The comparison can reveal the deformation of the filling body and its dynamic changes during this period.

[0019] Furthermore, when the filling body is deformed by pressure, the filling body pressure monitoring box can sense and record the pressure magnitude σ of the filling body in three directions. x , σ y and σ z , and continuously sends the monitoring data to the data acquisition module;

[0020] The data acquisition module sends the integrated data to the surface terminal at regular intervals. The terminal data processing software draws the Mohr stress circle in three directions based on formula (2) and rock mechanics theory, and calculates the shear limit τ1, compressive strength σ1 and other stress conditions of the filling body.

[0021]

[0022] ——σ x , σ y is the principal stress in the x and y directions, unit: Pa;

[0023] ——τ xy It is the shear force in the x and y directions, unit: Pa.

[0024] By means of the three-dimensional deformation and stress monitoring device and measuring method of the filling body, the real-time deformation value and stress magnitude of the filling in the three-dimensional direction can be obtained, and the stress-strain curve in different stress directions can be drawn based on this, and the filling body can be deeply analyzed by analyzing the characteristics of the curve.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] In the research work of filling body monitoring, due to the lack of instruments that can continuously monitor the deformation and stress of filling bodies, mines need to consume a lot of manpower and material resources in the work of filling body monitoring, and cannot obtain monitoring data with guiding significance. The present invention solves the problems of high deformation difficulty and poor measurement accuracy of ordinary embedded deformation measurement equipment with unique flexible connection and accompanying deformation design ideas; compared with filling body monitoring devices such as multi-point displacement meters, the present invention can simultaneously monitor two important parameters of three-dimensional stress and strain of the filling body, and the monitoring results are more comprehensive and accurate than traditional equipment; this device adopts embedded installation, no drilling installation is required, and it is easy to operate; at the same time, combined with information automatic collection, transmission and integration technology, it realizes true intelligent monitoring, so that monitoring work can be carried out continuously under unmanned conditions, reducing the labor cost of mines, greatly improving work efficiency, and has the advantages of safety, reliability, convenience, etc.

[0027] The remote measurement method based on the monitoring equipment includes two parts: forward-looking and data transmission. For the forward-looking of the mining field filling, the deformation and stress monitoring device needs to be buried in the mining field. The filling body is deformed under pressure, and the rigid rods change accordingly. The inclinometer sensor senses its changes. At the same time, the pressure sensors in three directions sense the stress of the filling body in each direction. The external power supply can continuously power the filling body deformation monitoring rod, the filling body pressure monitoring box and the multi-channel data acquisition module. The multi-channel data acquisition module continuously obtains data from the inclinometer sensor and the pressure sensor, and transmits it to the surface through the optical cable. The surface computer terminal analyzes the transmitted data and converts it into the deformation value and stress change of the mining field filling body over time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] The accompanying drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0029] Figure 1 It is the overall assembly diagram of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 It is a working principle diagram of the deformation measuring device of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure calculation principle of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 It is a data analysis curve graph of the present invention;

[0033] In the figure: 1 stainless steel rigid bracket, 2 rigid connecting rod, 3 transmission cable, 4 multi-channel data acquisition module, 5 insulating protective cover, 6 filling body deformation monitoring rod, 7 three-dimensional tilt sensor, 8 flexible joint, 9 filling body pressure monitoring box, 10 rigid rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0035] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless otherwise explicitly stated in the present invention, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "include" and / or "include" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof;

[0036] For the convenience of description, if the words "up", "down", "left" and "right" appear in the present invention, they only indicate that they are consistent with the up, down, left and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0037] Terminology explanation section: The terms "install", "connect", "connect", "fixed" and the like in the present invention should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral whole; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be an internal connection between two elements, or an interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0038] As introduced in the background technology, there are deficiencies in the prior art. In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a three-dimensional stress-deformation measurement device and a method for using a mine filling body.

[0039] In a typical embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, it is the overall assembly diagram of the intelligent monitoring equipment for continuous monitoring of filling body deformation and stress size proposed by the present invention. The device consists of a stainless steel rigid bracket 1, a rigid connecting rod 2, a transmission cable 3, a multi-channel data acquisition module 4, a protective cover 5, a filling body deformation monitoring rod 6, a three-dimensional inclinometer sensor 7, a flexible joint 8, a filling body pressure monitoring box 9, etc. Its purpose is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned existing equipment such as the inability to form continuous monitoring, low accuracy of monitoring data, and low degree of intelligence.

[0040] The above-mentioned stainless steel rigid support 1 and rigid connecting rod 2 are composed of aluminum stainless steel columns, wherein the stainless steel rigid support 1 is an incomplete rectangular frame structure, two side beams on the upper top surface are missing, one of the columns in the height direction is missing, and the filling body deformation monitoring rod 6 is installed at the position of the missing side beam and column; the filling body deformation monitoring rod 6 and the stainless steel rigid support 1 together form a rectangular frame structure;

[0041] The rectangular frame structure includes six faces, three of which are 90 degrees apart and each is provided with a filling body pressure monitoring box, and the four corners of the filling body pressure monitoring box are connected to the rigid support 1 through a rigid connecting rod 2 respectively;

[0042] The filling body deformation monitoring rod 6 is composed of multiple flexible joints 8 and multiple rigid rods 10. The flexible joints 8 connect two adjacent rigid rods 10 to form a whole, so that the multiple rigid rods 10 can be deformed and swung freely in the filling body. The flexible joints 8 are composed of stainless steel tension springs with good elasticity, and the model is JBA2×40×120×14. A concave platform is provided on each rigid rod 10, and a three-dimensional inclinometer sensor 7 is installed in each concave platform. The concave platform is 8mm deep and 80mm long. The three-dimensional inclinometer sensor 7 is connected to an external data acquisition device through a wired unit.

[0043] The insulating protective cover 5 is composed of a plastic cover wrapped around a screw rod, which is tightly wrapped around a rigid rod 10 section on which a three-dimensional inclinometer sensor 7 and a data transmission cable 3 are installed to prevent water in the filling body from corroding the line and the instrument. The transmission cable 3 is moved out from the left hole of the protective cover and connected to the communication cable, and the gap is sealed with waterproof glue.

[0044] like Figure 2 As shown, it is a working principle diagram of the deformation measuring device of the present invention;

[0045] The three-dimensional inclinometer sensor 7 can measure the change in angle between the rigid rods; the deformation of the filling body in the stope is obtained by calculating the angle change on each rigid sensor and then obtaining the deformation size of the filling body at each rigid rod position.

[0046] Based on the above device, this embodiment also discloses a remote measurement method for the three-dimensional deformation of the filling body, including two parts of work: forward vision and data transmission: the forward vision of the filling of the mining field requires the deformation measurement device to be buried in the mining field, the filling body is compressed and deformed, and the rigid rod 10 changes accordingly. The three-dimensional inclinometer sensor 7 senses its changes, and the three-dimensional inclinometer sensor 7 is continuously powered by an external power supply and an optical cable. The multi-channel data acquisition module 4 continuously obtains data from the three-dimensional inclinometer sensor 7 and transmits it to the surface through an optical cable. The surface computer analyzes the transmitted data and converts it into the height of the monitoring point relative to the fixed point. It is compared with the initial height to obtain the deformation and time change of the filling body in the mining field. Specifically, it includes the following steps:

[0047] Step 1: Before the stope is filled, the deformation measuring device is buried in the stope as needed, and all the inclinometer sensors are kept at the same level as much as possible. The head end of the first rigid rod 10 is fixed on the stainless steel bracket to provide a reference point for measurement. The remaining rigid rods 10 are connected one by one through flexible joints, and the end of the terminal rigid rod 10 is also fixed on the stainless steel bracket;

[0048] Step 2: The data transmission unit of the filling deformation monitoring rod 6 is extended to the multi-channel data acquisition module 4 through a cable to complete continuous power supply and record the initial angle V between the two rods a and b. ab (a and b are any two adjacent rigid rods).

[0049] Step 3: Connect the multi-channel data acquisition module to the cable and test the data received by the surface computer terminal.

[0050] Step 4: Take the three-dimensional inclinometer 7 at the fixed end of the first rigid rod 10 as the origin, and calculate the initial angle V between the rods. ab , calculate the initial height H of each monitoring point relative to the fixed end 0b (H 0b is the initial height of monitoring point b relative to the fixed end). The formula is as follows:

[0051] H 0b =H 01 +H 12 +…+H ab (1)

[0052] =L×sin V 01 +L×sin(V 01 +V 12 -π)+…+L×sin(V 01 +V 12 +…+V a0 -(b-1)π)

[0053] ——L is the length of the rigid rod, unit: mm;

[0054] ——H ab is the relative height of monitoring points a and b, unit: mm;

[0055] Step 5: After the cable installation and waterproofing work is completed, the monitoring area is filled; when the surrounding rock of the area moves, the filling body is compressed and deformed, and the equipment buried inside can be displaced accordingly. The inclinometer sensor senses the angle between the rods at this time. ( is the angle between adjacent rigid rods a and b at time n) and continuously sends the monitoring data to an intelligent data acquisition device.

[0056] Step 6: The data acquisition device sorts the received monitoring data by time and converts it into the height of each monitoring point relative to the fixed end at that moment according to the method described in step 3.

[0057] Step 7: The data acquisition device sends the integrated data to the surface terminal via the optical cable at regular intervals. The terminal data processing software processes the data based on the height obtained from the monitoring. With initial height H 0b The comparison can reveal the deformation of the filling body and its dynamic changes during this period.

[0058] like Figure 3 As shown, it is a schematic diagram of the pressure calculation principle of the present invention;

[0059] The remote measurement method of three-dimensional stress of filling body includes two parts: forward vision and data transmission. Before filling the stope, the deformation measurement device is buried in the stope. When the filling body is under pressure, the filling body pressure monitoring box 9 installed in three directions of the device can sense the pressure of the filling body in three directions. The multi-channel data acquisition module 4 continuously obtains the monitoring data of the monitoring box and transmits it to the surface through the optical cable to analyze and calculate the stress of the filling body. Specifically, it includes the following steps:

[0060] Step 1: Install the filling body pressure monitoring box 9 in three directions of the device, and ensure that the monitoring box is in a horizontal state.

[0061] Step 2: Connect the pressure monitoring box to the multi-channel data acquisition module 4 via a transmission cable to complete the power supply of the monitoring box.

[0062] Step 3: After the preparation work is completed, the device is placed and installed in the stope and fixed with bolts, and the monitoring area is filled; when the filling body is compressed and deformed, the filling body pressure monitoring box 9 can sense and record the pressure magnitude σ of the filling body in three directions. x , σ y and σ z , and at the same time continuously send the monitoring data to the intelligent data acquisition device.

[0063] Step 4: The data acquisition module sends the integrated data to the surface terminal via the optical cable at a fixed time. The terminal data processing software draws the Mohr stress circle in three directions based on formula (2) and rock mechanics theory, and calculates the shear limit τ1, compressive strength σ1 and other stress conditions of the filling body.

[0064]

[0065] ——σ x , σ y is the principal stress in the x and y directions, unit: Pa;

[0066] ——τ xy is the shear force in the x and y directions, unit: Pa;

[0067] like Figure 4 As shown, it is a data analysis curve diagram of the present invention;

[0068] By means of the three-dimensional deformation and stress monitoring device and the measuring method of the filling body, the real-time deformation value and stress magnitude of the filling in the three-dimensional direction can be obtained, and the stress-strain curves in different stress directions can be drawn based on them, and the filling body can be deeply analyzed by analyzing the characteristics of the curves.

[0069] The design concept of the present invention is unique. It not only combines the advantages of convenient layout of buried monitoring equipment, but also cleverly adopts the design concept of flexible connecting rods, so that the equipment can be displaced as the filling body deforms. At the same time, a pressure monitoring device is added to the system, and the state of the filling body is comprehensively analyzed through the two parameters of stress and strain. Compared with the traditional filling body monitoring system, the data obtained by the new device is more accurate and reasonable. In addition, the present invention realizes the automation and continuity of data collection, transmission and integration, so that the monitoring work no longer relies on on-site manual collection. As long as there is a complete subsequent communication network, it can easily realize the filling body monitoring work on the surface, saving manpower and material resources of the mine, which is conducive to improving the safety and efficiency of the monitoring work.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional stress-deformation measuring device for mine filling, characterized in that: It includes a rigid bracket, a rigid connecting rod, a multi-channel data acquisition module, a filling body deformation monitoring rod, and a filling body pressure monitoring box; A filling body deformation monitoring rod is respectively arranged in the X, Y and Z directions of the rigid support, and the filling body deformation monitoring rod and the rigid support together form a rectangular frame, and a filling body pressure monitoring box is respectively arranged on the three mutually perpendicular surfaces of the rectangular frame, and the filling body pressure monitoring box is fixed by a rigid connecting rod connected to the rigid support; the filling body pressure monitoring box and the filling body deformation monitoring rod are connected to the multi-channel data acquisition module; The rigid support is an incomplete rectangular frame structure, two side beams on the upper top surface are missing, one of the columns in the height direction is missing, and a filling body deformation monitoring rod is installed at the position of the missing side beam and column; The filling body deformation monitoring rod is composed of multiple flexible joints and multiple rigid rods. The flexible joints connect adjacent rigid rods so that the rigid rods can deform and swing freely in the filling body. A concave platform is provided on each rigid rod, and a three-dimensional inclinometer sensor is provided on the concave platform.

2. The three-dimensional stress-deformation measuring device for mine filling body according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible joint is a stainless steel tension spring.

3. The three-dimensional stress-deformation measuring device for mine filling body according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-dimensional inclinometer sensor is connected to an external multi-channel data acquisition module.

4. The three-dimensional stress-deformation measuring device for mine filling body according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a protective cover, which is wrapped around the rigid rod section where the three-dimensional inclinometer sensor and the data transmission cable are arranged.

5. The three-dimensional stress-deformation measuring device for mine filling body according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-channel data acquisition module is connected to the surface computer terminal.

6. The three-dimensional stress-deformation measuring device for mine filling body according to claim 1, characterized in that: The head end of the rigid rod located at the head end is fixed on the rigid bracket, and the tail end of the rigid rod located at the tail end is fixed on the rigid bracket.

7. A method for measuring stress-deformation based on the three-dimensional stress-deformation measuring device for mine filling body according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: Step 1: Before filling the stope, bury the deformation measurement device in the stope as needed, and try to ensure that all three-dimensional inclinometer sensors are kept at the same level; Step 2: The multi-channel data acquisition module collects and records the initial angle V between the two rods a and b ob , where a and b are any two adjacent rigid rods; the sensor at the fixed end is taken as the origin, and the initial angle V between the rods is ab , calculate the initial height H of each monitoring point relative to the fixed end 0b , where H 0b is the initial height of monitoring point b relative to the fixed end; Step 3: After the cable installation and waterproofing work is completed, the monitoring area is filled; when the surrounding rock of the area moves, the filling body is compressed and deformed, and the equipment buried inside can be displaced accordingly. The three-dimensional inclinometer sensor senses the angle between the rigid rods at this time. is the angle between adjacent rigid rods a and b at time n, and continuously sends the monitoring data to the data acquisition module; Step 4: The data acquisition module organizes the received monitoring data by time and converts it into the height of each monitoring point relative to the fixed end at that moment Step 5: The data acquisition device sends the integrated data to the surface terminal at a fixed time. The terminal data processing software uses the height obtained from the monitoring to With initial height The comparison can reveal the deformation of the filling body and its dynamic changes during this period.

8. The stress-strain measurement method according to claim 7, characterized in that: When the filling body is deformed by pressure, the filling body pressure monitoring box can sense and record the pressure magnitude σ of the filling body in three directions. x , σ y and σ z , and continuously sends the monitoring data to the data acquisition module; The data acquisition module sends the integrated data to the surface terminal at regular intervals. The terminal data processing software draws the Mohr stress circle in three directions based on formula (2) and rock mechanics theory, and calculates the shear limit τ1, compressive strength σ1 and other stress conditions of the filling body. ——σ x , σ y is the principal stress in the x and y directions, unit: Pa; ——τ xy It is the shear force in the x and y directions, unit: Pa.

9. The stress-strain measurement method according to claim 7, characterized in that: By obtaining the real-time deformation value and stress magnitude of the filling body in the three-dimensional direction, and drawing the stress-strain curve in different stress directions, the filling body is deeply analyzed by analyzing the characteristics of the curve.

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