Automatic disassembly device for waste lead-acid batteries

Abstract

The present invention relates to an automatic disassembly device for waste lead-acid batteries, comprising: a cutting unit, a pushing unit and a shell breaking unit; the cutting unit is located above the pushing unit, and the cutting unit is mainly used for cutting the upper and lower covers of the battery. After the cutting is completed, the battery will fall into the pushing unit through the material drop opening, and the pushing unit will push out the electrode plates in the battery in sequence. When all the electrode plates are pushed out, the battery shell will be pushed to the shell breaking unit, and then the battery shell will be broken into pieces by the shell breaking unit. After adopting the above structure, the beneficial effects are: first, the device structure is simple and compact, and fully automated; second, the motion accuracy requirements of the moving parts are reduced, and the reliability of the device is improved; finally, the material positioning is simple and accurate, which can speed up the production rhythm and improve production efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of waste material recycling and treatment, and in particular to a disassembly device for automatically cutting upper and lower covers of a battery and pushing out electrode plates. Background Art

[0002] Waste batteries in our daily life contain a large amount of heavy metals and electrolyte solutions such as waste acid and waste alkali. If they are not handled properly, they will cause serious pollution to the natural environment. However, many substances in waste batteries can be recycled. Efficient and energy-saving battery recycling and disassembly technology can not only avoid pollution to the environment, but also reduce the consumption of energy and resources in the recycling process of waste batteries. From the current situation at home and abroad, there are usually two main types of battery recycling and disassembly systems. One is to use a mechanical device to first crush the entire waste lead-acid battery, and then use various technical measures to separate the various substances mixed together. In this way, some finely crushed lead-containing substances and plastic substances adhere to each other, which not only makes it difficult to separate different substances, but also easily forms secondary pollution in the recycling link. In order to avoid the problem of different substances adhering to each other caused by the above-mentioned crushing of the entire battery first, the other type is to cut off the upper cover of the battery, and then pour out the electrode plates and other substances inside the battery, and use vibration to pour out the lead-containing substances inside the battery. However, the problems of this type of existing technology are that there are many processes and complex equipment, which affects production efficiency and is not conducive to batch operation. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the above shortcomings, the present invention provides an automatic disassembly device for waste lead-acid batteries, which can complete the cutting of battery upper covers and bottom covers, the pushing out of electrode plates and the crushing of battery shells in batches, and is suitable for use in assembly line operations.

[0004] A device for automatically disassembling waste lead-acid batteries comprises: a cutting unit, a pushing unit and a shell breaking unit; the cutting unit is located above the pushing unit, and the cutting unit is mainly used for cutting the upper and lower covers of the battery. After the cutting is completed, the battery will fall into the pushing unit through a discharge port, and the pushing unit will push out the electrode plates in the battery in turn. When all the electrode plates are pushed out, the battery shell will be pushed to the shell breaking unit, and then the battery shell will be broken into pieces by the shell breaking unit.

[0005] Preferably, the cutting unit comprises a feed guide frame, a battery carriage, a battery cutting knife, a cutting knife frame, a feed manipulator and a first working table, wherein the feed guide frame is used to receive the storage battery conveyed from the previous process, the battery carriage is arranged in cooperation with the feed guide frame, a carriage guide rail is provided above the battery bracket, and the carriage guide rail is connected to the cutting knife frame; the cutting knife frame comprises a column and a top plate, the top plate is horizontally arranged on the first working table through the column, and the battery cutting knife is fixedly arranged on the column; the feed manipulator is fixedly arranged on the first working table and opposite to the top plate; the carriage guide rail is arranged at the lower end of the top plate through a slide seat; in this way, the battery carriage can slide back and forth under the top plate through the carriage guide rail, the lower end of the battery carriage is connected to the feeding manipulator, and then the feeding manipulator can drive the battery carriage to move back and forth under the top plate, and during the movement, the battery in the battery carriage will be cut off the upper and lower covers by the battery cutter, and then the battery falls into the push-out unit through the discharge port.

[0006] Preferably, the feeding manipulator comprises a first screw rod, a first reduction motor and a vertical plate, wherein the first reduction motor is fixedly arranged on the first working surface, one end of the first screw rod is connected to the first reduction motor, and the other end thereof is threadedly connected to the vertical plate, and the vertical plate is vertically arranged at the lower end of the battery tray. In this way, when the first reduction motor rotates, the battery tray can be driven to slide left and right by the first screw rod.

[0007] Preferably, the pushing unit includes a front positioning plate, a rear positioning plate, a pushing manipulator, a pushing manipulator, a pushing claw and a second work surface; the second work surface is located below the first work surface, the front positioning plate and the rear positioning plate are arranged parallel to each other on the second work surface, and there is a battery aisle between the two positioning plates. The batteries falling from the discharge port will directly enter the battery aisle, and the pushing manipulator will push the batteries to move in the battery aisle; two rows of pushing square holes are arranged on the front and rear positioning plates in the same layout, and the square holes are arranged in a stepped manner and staggered with each other, and are opposite to the electrode plates of the batteries in the battery aisle, and each square hole corresponds to a pushing claw. After the pushing claw passes through the upper hole of the front positioning plate, the corresponding electrode plate can be pushed out of the square hole on the rear positioning plate, and the other end of the pushing claw is fixedly connected to the pushing manipulator. When the batteries with the upper and lower covers cut off fall into the ejection unit, the feeding robot pushes the batteries arranged in a row so that the electrode plates in a row of batteries are aligned with a group of pushing claws respectively. The pushing claws are fixed on the pushing robot. When the robot moves toward the battery, a group of pushing claws move simultaneously, extending into the inner cavity of a row of batteries from different positions respectively, and ejecting a group of electrode plates from different positions in different batteries respectively.

[0008] Preferably, the propulsion robot includes a second reduction motor, a second screw rod and a push block. The second reduction motor is fixedly arranged on the second work surface and close to the discharge port. A second screw rod is arranged in the second reduction motor. The second screw rod is consistent with the direction of the battery aisle. The push block is arranged at the top end of the second screw rod.

[0009] Preferably, the pushing robot includes a third reduction motor, a third screw and a stepped push plate. The third reduction motor is fixedly set on the second work surface and is located on one side of the front positioning plate. A third screw is arranged in the third reduction motor. The third screw is vertically arranged to the front positioning plate. A stepped push plate is provided on the top of the third screw. One end of the pushing claw is fixedly set on the stepped push plate, and the number of the pushing claw is consistent with the number of the pushing square holes. The other end of the pushing claw fits into the pushing square hole.

[0010] Preferably, the shell breaking unit includes an inlet guide plate, a shell breaking cutter and a shell breaking manipulator, the guide plate is vertically arranged on one side of the front and rear positioning plates, a shell breaking cutter is provided on one side of the guide plate, and the shell breaking manipulator is provided on the other side thereof, the shell breaking cutter is two vertically arranged blades, the distance between the two blades corresponds to the width of the battery, the upper end of the shell cutting knife is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the first workbench, and the lower end thereof is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the second workbench.

[0011] Preferably, the shell breaking robot includes a fourth screw rod, a fourth reduction motor and a strip push plate, the fourth screw rod is connected to the fourth reduction motor, and a strip push plate is provided at the end of the fourth screw rod, so that the battery shell can be pushed into contact with the shell breaking cutter through the strip push plate to complete the cutting.

[0012] The battery disassembly device of the present invention can keep the battery in an accurate positioning state from battery feeding, cutting, and shell breaking, which is convenient for implementing automated production, and the device structure is simple, compact and reliable; in the battery cutting link, the "fixed knife and moving material" technology is adopted, that is, the cutter is fixed and the battery is moving, which reduces the requirements for the rigidity and movement accuracy of the moving and heavy-loaded parts, and also improves the cutting feed speed; at the same time, the battery feeding adopts a dragging method, which improves the stability of the moving parts. The electrode plate pushing device, unlike the traditional method, adopts the "parallel pushing" method, that is, the multiple electrode plates in each battery are not pushed out at the same time in one action, but the battery plates at different parts are pushed out from multiple batteries in one action. For example, each battery has six electrode plates, and parallel pushing means pushing out six electrode plates at different parts from six batteries respectively. As the battery is fed, the electrodes in each battery are pushed out in turn. Such a process effectively solves the problem of difficult positioning of the battery shell when pushing out the electrode plates.

[0013] The beneficial effects are: 1) the device has a simple and compact structure and operates fully automatically; 2) the motion accuracy requirements of the moving parts are reduced, and the reliability of the device is improved; 3) the material positioning is simple and accurate, which can speed up the production rhythm and improve production efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a cutting unit of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the push unit of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the shell dismantling of the present invention.

[0018] The accompanying drawings are marked as follows: 100, cutting unit; 200, pushing unit; 300, shell breaking unit; 101, feeding guide frame; 102, battery trolley; 103, trolley guide rail; 104, battery cutting knife; 105, slide seat; 106, cutting knife frame; 107, top plate; 108, column; 109, first working table; 110, feeding manipulator; 111, vertical plate; 112, first screw rod; 113, first reduction motor; 114, discharge port; 201, front positioning plate; 202, rear positioning plate; 210, pushing manipulator; 211, second reduction motor; 212, second screw rod; 213, push block; 220, push material manipulator; 221, third reduction motor; 222, third lead screw; 223, stepped push plate; 203, push material claw; 204, square hole; 205, second work table; 301, guide plate; 302, shell breaking cutter; 303, shell breaking manipulator; 304, fourth lead screw; 305, fourth reduction motor; 306, strip push plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] like Figure 1 As shown, an automatic disassembly device for waste lead-acid batteries includes: a cutting unit 100, a pushing unit 200 and a shell breaking unit 300, as shown in FIG. Figure 2As shown, the cutting unit 100 of this embodiment includes a feed guide frame 101, a battery carriage 102, a carriage guide rail 103, a battery cutting knife 104, a cutter frame 106, a feed manipulator 110 and a first work surface 109. During use, the screened discharged batteries will follow the feed guide frame 101 and enter the discharge port of the battery carriage 102. Two carriage guide rails 103 are installed on the battery carriage 102. The carriage guide rails 103 are sleeved in the slide 105 and can slide left and right along the slide 105. The slide 105 is fixedly installed on the top plate 107, and the top plate 107 is horizontally fixed on the first work surface 109 by four columns 108; the feed manipulator 110 includes a first screw rod 112, a first reduction motor 113 and a vertical plate 111. The first reduction motor 113 Fixedly arranged on the first working table 109, one end of the first screw rod 112 is connected to the first reduction motor 113, and the other end thereof is connected to the vertical plate 111, and the vertical plate 111 is vertically arranged at the lower end of the battery carriage 102. When in use: the first screw rod 112 can be driven by the first reduction motor 113 to drag the battery carriage 102 to slide left and right on the carriage guide rail 103; the two battery cutting knives 104 are respectively arranged on the two columns 108 close to one side of the battery carriage 102, so that when the carriage drags the battery to the right, the two battery cutting knives 104 can cut off the upper and lower covers of the battery. When the carriage continues to move to the right, the battery with the upper and lower end covers cut off reaches above the discharge port 114, and then it will fall to the bottom of the first working table 109 and enter the process of pushing out the electrode plate. Front positioning plate, rear positioning plate, feeding manipulator, pushing manipulator, pushing claw and second working table

[0021] like Figure 3 As shown, the ejection unit 200 of the present embodiment includes a front positioning plate 201, a rear positioning plate 202, a propulsion manipulator 210, a pushing manipulator 220, a pushing claw 203 and a second work surface 205; the propulsion manipulator 210 includes a second reduction motor 211, a second screw rod 212 and a pushing block 213, the second reduction motor 211 is fixedly arranged on the second work surface 205 and close to the discharge port 114, a second screw rod 212 is arranged in the second reduction motor 211, the second screw rod 212 is consistent with the direction of the battery aisle, and the pushing block 213 is arranged at the top of the second screw rod, so that the battery can be driven by the motor and the pushing block 213 to move between the front and rear positioning plates 201 and 202.

[0022] Two rows of pushing square holes 204 are obliquely arranged on the front positioning plate 201 and the rear positioning plate 202; wherein, the opening heights of the first row of square holes 204 correspond to the first, third, fifth, etc. electrode plates in the battery from top to bottom, respectively, and the opening heights of the second row of square holes 204 correspond to the second, fourth, sixth, etc. electrode plates in the battery, respectively, and the opening sizes are slightly larger than the electrode plate sizes; the positions of the two groups of openings in the horizontal direction are staggered in sequence, corresponding to the first to sixth batteries, respectively; a pushing claw 203 is sleeved in each square hole 204, that is, the pushing claw 203 can pass through the square hole 204 on the positioning plate, and then push out the corresponding electrode plates in several batteries. The push claw is fixedly installed on the push manipulator 220, and the push manipulator 220 includes a third reduction motor 221, a third screw rod 222 and a stepped push plate 223. The third reduction motor 221 is fixedly arranged on the second worktable 205 and is located on one side of the front positioning plate. The third reduction motor 221 is provided with a third screw rod 222, and the third screw rod 222 is vertically arranged with the front positioning plate 201. A stepped push plate 223 is arranged at the top of the third screw rod 222. One end of the push claw 203 is fixedly arranged on the step. The number of the ladder-type push plates 223 is consistent with the number of the push square holes 204. The other end of the push claw 203 fits with the push square hole 204, and then pushes out the electrode plate in the battery. After pushing out the electrode plate, the next battery falls into the front and rear positioning plates 201 and 202 through the discharge port 114. Thereafter, the pushing robot 210 will push the battery to move a distance of the battery thickness. After it is in place, the pushing robot 220 will perform the next cycle of pushing out the battery plate. This cycle continues, and the motor housing after the electrode plate is pushed out will go to the next process.

[0023] like Figure 4 As shown, the shell breaking unit 300 of this embodiment includes a guide plate 301, a shell breaking cutter 302 and a shell breaking manipulator 303, and the shell breaking manipulator 303 includes a fourth screw 304, a fourth reduction motor 305 and a strip push plate 306; when the battery shell with the electrode plate removed is pushed to the shell breaking station in sequence, the guide plate 301 will position the battery shell, and under the drive of the fourth reduction motor 305, the third screw 304 will drive the strip push plate 306 to push the battery shell onto the shell breaking cutter 302, and then the left and right side panels of the battery shell will be cut open by the shell breaking cutter 302, so as to facilitate recycling.

Claims

1. An automatic disassembly device for waste lead-acid batteries, comprising: a cutting unit, a pushing unit and a shell breaking unit; the cutting unit is located above the pushing unit, and the cutting unit is used to cut the upper and lower covers of the battery. After the cutting is completed, the battery will fall into the pushing unit through the discharge port, and the pushing unit will push out the electrode plates in the battery in turn. When all the electrode plates are pushed out, the battery shell will be pushed to the shell breaking unit, and then the battery shell will be broken into pieces by the shell breaking unit; the pushing unit includes a front positioning plate, a rear positioning plate, a pushing manipulator, a pushing manipulator, a pushing claw and a second working table; the second working table is located below the first working table, The front positioning plate and the rear positioning plate are arranged parallel to each other on the second workbench, and there is a battery aisle between the two positioning plates. The batteries dropped from the discharge port will directly enter the battery aisle, and the pushing manipulator will push the batteries to move in the battery aisle; the front positioning plate and the rear positioning plate are provided with two rows of pushing square holes in the same layout, and the pushing square holes are arranged in a stepped manner and staggered with each other, and are opposite to the electrode plates of the batteries in the battery aisle, and each pushing square hole corresponds to a pushing claw, and after the pushing claw passes through the pushing square hole on the front positioning plate, the corresponding electrode plate can be pushed out from the pushing square hole on the rear positioning plate, and the pushing claw The other end is fixedly connected to the pushing manipulator; when the batteries with the upper and lower covers cut off fall into the pushing unit, the pushing manipulator pushes the batteries arranged in a row so that the electrode plates in a row of batteries are respectively aligned with a group of pushing claws, and the pushing claws are fixed on the pushing manipulator. When the manipulator moves toward the battery, a group of pushing claws move at the same time, and extend into the inner cavity of a row of batteries from different positions respectively, and push a group of electrode plates out of different batteries from different positions respectively; the pushing manipulator includes a second reduction motor, a second screw rod and a pushing block, the second reduction motor is fixedly arranged on the second workbench and close to the discharge port, and the second A second screw rod is arranged in the reduction motor, and the second screw rod is consistent with the direction of the battery aisle, and the push block is arranged at the top end of the second screw rod; the pushing robot comprises a third reduction motor, a third screw rod and a stepped push plate, and the third reduction motor is fixedly arranged on the second worktable and is located on one side of the front positioning plate, and a third screw rod is arranged in the third reduction motor, and the third screw rod is vertically arranged with the front positioning plate, and a stepped push plate is arranged at the top end of the third screw rod, and one end of the pushing claw is fixedly arranged on the stepped push plate, and the number of the pushing claw is consistent with the number of the pushing square holes, and the other end of the pushing claw is fitted with the pushing square hole.

2. The automatic disassembly device for waste lead-acid batteries according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cutting unit comprises a feed guide frame, a battery carriage, a battery cutting knife, a cutting knife frame, a feed manipulator and a first working table, wherein the feed guide frame is used to receive the storage battery conveyed from the previous process, the battery carriage is arranged in cooperation with the feed guide frame, a carriage guide rail is arranged above the battery bracket, and the carriage guide rail is connected to the cutting knife frame; the cutting knife frame comprises a column and a top plate, the top plate is horizontally arranged on the first working table through the column, and the battery cutting knife is fixedly arranged on the column; the feed manipulator is fixedly arranged on the first working table and opposite to the top plate; the carriage guide rail is arranged at the lower end of the top plate through a slide seat; in this way, the battery carriage can slide back and forth under the top plate through the carriage guide rail, the lower end of the battery carriage is connected to the feed manipulator, and then the battery carriage can be driven to move back and forth under the top plate through the feed manipulator, and during the movement, the battery in the battery carriage will be cut off the upper and lower covers by the battery cutter, and then the battery falls into the push-out unit through the discharge port.

3. The automatic disassembly device for waste lead-acid batteries according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The feeding robot includes a first screw rod, a first reduction motor and a vertical plate. The first reduction motor is fixedly arranged on the first work surface. One end of the first screw rod is connected to the first reduction motor, and the other end thereof is threadedly connected to the vertical plate. The vertical plate is vertically arranged at the lower end of the battery tray. In this way, when the first reduction motor rotates, the battery tray can be driven to slide left and right through the first screw rod.

4. The automatic disassembly device for waste lead-acid batteries according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The shell breaking unit includes a guide plate, a shell breaking cutter and a shell breaking manipulator. The guide plate is vertically arranged on one side of the front positioning plate and the rear positioning plate. A shell breaking cutter is provided on one side of the guide plate, and the shell breaking manipulator is provided on the other side. The shell breaking cutter is two vertically arranged blades, and the distance between the two blades corresponds to the width of the battery. The upper end of the shell breaking cutter is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the first work surface, and the lower end is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the second work surface.

5. The automatic disassembly device for waste lead-acid batteries according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The shell breaking robot includes a fourth screw rod, a fourth reduction motor and a strip push plate. The fourth screw rod is connected to the fourth reduction motor. A strip push plate is provided at the end of the fourth screw rod, so that the battery shell can be pushed to contact the shell breaking cutter through the strip push plate to complete the cutting.

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