A magnetron based on a gigawatt-class high-power microwave source hard tube and permanent magnet packaging

Abstract

The invention discloses a magnetron based on a gigawatt-level high-power microwave source hard tube and permanent magnet packaging, comprising: a planar antenna, a first cavity structure, a second cavity structure, a magnet packaging body, a high-current diode, and a non-edge distributed gas collector component. While maintaining an output power of gigawatt level, the magnetron can operate independently without relying on external vacuum and magnetic field. On the basis of metallization sealing, ultra-low leakage rate connection, high-temperature exhaust baking and other processes, a magnet-built-in high-field strength ceramic vacuum interface and a large-caliber ceramic sealed horn antenna are used to package the entire tube hard tube, a distributed getter collector is used to achieve natural exhaust and pulse exhaust, and a detachable ferrule-type permanent magnet is used for magnetic field packaging, thereby meeting modularization and "plug and play" usage requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of high-power microwaves, and in particular to a relativistic magnetron structure with gigawatt-level peak power, hard tube and permanent magnet packaging. Background Art

[0002] High-power microwaves refer to electromagnetic waves with a microwave pulse peak power of GW level, a frequency between 1GHz and 300GHz, and are emitted in a directional manner. They have a wide range of application needs in directed energy weapons, plasma heating, high-energy radar, particle radio frequency acceleration, and future space energy utilization. The high-power microwave source is the core of the high-power microwave system, which is used to convert high-power electrical pulses into radiatable high-power microwave pulses.

[0003] With the practical application of high-power microwave systems, while achieving high power, the system is required to be as modular and compact as possible to adapt to more mobile platforms. Usually, high-power microwave sources in laboratories require huge ground vacuum units to maintain the high vacuum level in the device; in order to achieve separation from the vacuum unit, the entire device tube needs to be hard-tube packaged.

[0004] In addition, high-power microwave devices usually require an external magnetic field when working to improve the efficiency of beam action. The currently commonly used method is to apply a pulsed magnetic field by means of an energized solenoid. Due to the high power level of the device and the relatively strong magnetic field, the coils and power supplies that provide the pulsed magnetic field are large in size and heavy in weight, and also require additional energy consumption.

[0005] Therefore, hard tube and permanent magnet packaging of high-power microwave sources is one of the core keys to realize the practical application of high-power microwave systems. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a magnetron based on a gigawatt-level high-power microwave source hard tube and permanent magnet packaging to solve at least one problem existing in the above-mentioned prior art and to realize the practical application of high-power microwave systems.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0008] The present invention discloses a magnetron based on a gigawatt-class high-power microwave source hard tube and permanent magnet packaging, comprising:

[0009] Plane antenna, first cavity structure, second cavity structure, magnet package, high current diode, and non-edge distributed gas collector assembly;

[0010] The planar antenna is connected to the first cavity structure;

[0011] The first cavity structure is connected to the magnetic packaging body, the second cavity structure, and the planar antenna;

[0012] The second cavity structure is connected to the magnet package and the high-current diode;

[0013] The non-edge distributed gas collector assembly comprises a first gas collector, a second gas collector and a third gas collector.

[0014] Preferably, the planar antenna is a horn antenna, comprising a ceramic radiating surface and a non-magnetic stainless steel horn;

[0015] The planar antenna adopts an integrated structure;

[0016] Multiple first flange interfaces are distributed on the non-magnetic stainless steel horn;

[0017] The flange interface is connected to the high vacuum valve, vacuum gauge, and first gas collector through oxygen-free copper pads;

[0018] High vacuum valve is used to cut off and isolate the vacuum from the outside air;

[0019] The vacuum gauge is used to detect the vacuum rarefaction in the chamber;

[0020] The first gas collector (17) is used to capture gas molecules at the end of the planar antenna;

[0021] Preferably, the first cavity structure is a slow-wave structure cavity;

[0022] The slow-wave structure cavity has a first end and a second end;

[0023] The first end of the slow-wave structure cavity is connected to the planar antenna;

[0024] The second end of the slow-wave structure cavity is connected to the magnet package and the second cavity structure;

[0025] The slow-wave structure cavity is made of non-magnetic stainless steel;

[0026] The slow-wave structure cavity is an integrated mechanism;

[0027] The slow-wave structure cavity body is distributed with a plurality of second flange interfaces, and the second flange interfaces are connected with the second gas collector; the slow-wave structure cavity body has a honeycomb structure, and the honeycomb structure is connected with the second flange interfaces to form a drainage channel.

[0028] Preferably, the magnet package includes a magnetic cylinder structure, a first magnet, a second magnet, a third magnet, and a fourth magnet;

[0029] The first magnet and the second magnet form a magnet;

[0030] The third magnet and the fourth magnet form a magnet;

[0031] The magnetic cylinder structure has a magnetic cylinder structure first end and a magnetic cylinder structure second end;

[0032] The magnets are distributed at the first end of the magnetic cylinder structure;

[0033] The magnets are distributed at the second end of the magnetic cylinder structure;

[0034] The first end of the magnetic cylinder structure is connected to the high-current diode;

[0035] The second end of the magnetic cylinder structure is connected to the second cavity structure.

[0036] Preferably, the second cavity structure is a connecting transition section;

[0037] The connecting transition section has a first end and a second end;

[0038] The first end of the connecting transition section is connected to the high current diode;

[0039] The second end of the connecting transition section is connected to the magnet package and the first cavity structure;

[0040] The connecting transition section adopts the non-magnetic stainless steel material;

[0041] The outer end surface of the second end of the connecting transition section is provided with a plurality of third flange interfaces, and the third flange interfaces are connected to the third gas collector.

[0042] Preferably, the high-current diode is an integrated structure, including a non-magnetic stainless steel anode, an alumina ceramic vacuum interface, and a non-magnetic stainless steel hollow cathode rod;

[0043] High-current diodes are used to maintain strong field withstand voltage and act as dielectric and vacuum isolation;

[0044] The non-magnetic stainless steel anode is connected to the second cavity structure;

[0045] The non-magnetic stainless steel hollow cathode rod has a first end and a second end;

[0046] The first end of the non-magnetic stainless steel hollow cathode rod is connected to the non-magnetic stainless steel anode;

[0047] The alumina ceramic vacuum interface is connected to the second end of the non-magnetic stainless steel hollow cathode rod;

[0048] The non-magnetic stainless steel anode is coaxial with the non-magnetic stainless steel hollow cathode rod.

[0049] Preferably, the non-magnetic stainless steel hollow cathode rod is in communication with the outside, and the second end of the non-magnetic stainless steel hollow cathode rod is sealed.

[0050] Preferably, the high-current diode is also connected to the inner ring magnet, the carbon fiber electron emission cathode, and the exhaust device;

[0051] The second end of the non-magnetic stainless steel hollow cathode rod is connected to the carbon fiber electron emission cathode;

[0052] The inner ring magnet is placed inside the second end of the non-magnetic stainless steel hollow cathode rod;

[0053] The exhaust assembly is connected to the carbon fiber electron emission cathode;

[0054] The exhaust device includes: an exhaust hood and an exhaust duct;

[0055] Preferably, the flange connection mode of the first flange interface, the second flange interface and the third flange interface is:

[0056] The first flange interface, the second flange interface and the third flange interface are vacuum-sealed by a first oxygen-free copper gasket.

[0057] Preferably, the connection between the planar antenna and the first cavity structure, the first cavity structure and the second cavity structure, the second cavity structure and the magnet package, and the magnet package and the high-current diode is a knife-edge flange connection;

[0058] The knife-edge flanges are vacuum-sealed with a second oxygen-free copper gasket.

[0059] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0060] (1) A relativistic magnetron high-power microwave generating device is designed to be free from the problem of large and heavy external vacuum units and energized solenoid pulse magnetic fields, and meet the requirements of modularization and "plug and play" use;

[0061] (2) A high-power magnetron hard tube packaging structure and a permanent magnet packaging structure that can operate independently without relying on an external vacuum unit and an energized solenoid magnetic field while maintaining a gigawatt-level output power;

[0062] (3) Based on the processes of metallization sealing, ultra-low leakage rate connection, high-temperature exhaust baking, etc., a high-field strength ceramic vacuum interface with built-in magnet and a large-diameter ceramic sealed horn antenna are used for whole-tube hard tube packaging.

[0063] (4) Using non-evaporable distributed getter to capture natural gas and pulse gas discharge in the device;

[0064] (5) The use of detachable card sleeve type permanent magnets for magnetic field packaging can achieve repeated combination and separation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0065] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0066] Figure 1 The overall packaging system diagram of the Gigawatt-class relativistic magnetron with hard tube permanent magnet packaging;

[0067] Figure 2 It is an axial half-section view of the overall system structure of a gigawatt-level high-power microwave source hard tube and a permanent magnet packaging structure according to the present invention;

[0068] Figure 3 It is an axial half-section view of the overall structure of a high-current diode based on a ceramic vacuum interface according to the present invention;

[0069] Figure 4 An axial half-section view of a permanent magnet package according to the present invention;

[0070] Figure 5 A diagram of a passive distributed gas capture assembly according to the present invention;

[0071] Figure 5 (a) is a diagram of passive distributed gas capture component A;

[0072] Figure 5 (b) is a diagram of passive distributed gas capture B components;

[0073] Figure 6 It is an axial half-section view of the slow-wave structure cavity based on diffraction output involved in the present invention;

[0074] Figure 7 It is an axial half-section view of a large-caliber ceramic sealed horn antenna according to the present invention;

[0075] Figure 8 It is an axial half-section view of the connecting transition section involved in the present invention;

[0076] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of an axial half-section of a high-power fully hard-tube vacuum seal connection according to the present invention;

[0077] Fig.10 The present invention relates to a device hard-tube connection port structure;

[0078] Fig.10 (a) is the dimension drawing of knife-edge flange;

[0079] Fig.10 (b) is a schematic diagram of oxygen-free copper pad and knife-edge flange;

[0080] Fig.11 is a typical microwave signal output by the high-power microwave source of the present invention;

[0081] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the structure text of the present invention;

[0082] Among them, 1 is a non-magnetic stainless steel anode, 2 is an alumina ceramic vacuum interface, 3 and 4 are magnets, 5 is a honeycomb structure, 6, 13 and 17 are gas collectors, 7 is a non-magnetic stainless steel horn, 8 is a slow-wave structure cavity, 9 is an inner ring magnet, 10 is a connecting transition section, 11 is a ceramic radiation surface, 12 is a magnetic steel structure, 14 is a knife-edge flange structure, 15 is a carbon fiber electron emission cathode, 16 is a non-magnetic stainless steel hollow cathode rod, and 18 is an exhaust device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0083] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0084] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0085] like Figure 1-12 As shown, the present invention provides a magnetron based on a gigawatt-class high-power microwave source hard tube and a permanent magnet package, comprising: a horn antenna, a slow-wave structure cavity, a connecting transition section, a magnet package, a high-current diode, and a non-edge distributed gas capture component;

[0086] The large-caliber ceramic sealed horn antenna is composed of a ceramic radiating surface and a non-magnetic stainless steel horn. In order to ensure vacuum airtightness and modularity, an integrated structure is adopted.

[0087] Several flange interfaces are evenly distributed on the non-magnetic stainless steel horn. There are evenly arranged exhaust holes between the flange and the antenna cavity. The flange interfaces are connected to the high vacuum valve, vacuum gauge, and branch gas collector through oxygen-free copper pads.

[0088] The high vacuum valve is used to cut off and isolate the vacuum from the outside air, the vacuum gauge is used to detect the vacuum rarefaction degree in the cavity, and the branch gas collector is used to capture the gas molecules at the antenna end.

[0089] The axial half-section view of the large-diameter ceramic sealed horn antenna is as follows Figure 7As shown, DD' is defined as the central rotation axis, D' end is the input end, the inner radius is R12 = 154mm, the outer radius is R13 = 192.5mm, the flange height is h5 = 15mm, D end is the radiation end, the outer diameter of the ceramic plate is R14 = 282mm, the thickness is h8 = 25mm, the outer radius is R16 = 313mm, and the total axial length is h6 + h7 = 323mm. Other dimensions: L7 = 5mm, R15 = 292mm, h6 = 288mm, h7 = 35mm, Y = 25.26°.

[0090] Since the large-diameter ceramic sealed horn antenna adopts an integrated structure packaging, it is only necessary to connect the high vacuum valve, vacuum gauge, and two gas collectors to the four CF35 flanges on the non-magnetic stainless steel horn through CF35 flanges respectively, and the flanges are vacuum sealed through oxygen-free copper gaskets, as shown in Figure (10b).

[0091] The slow-wave structure cavity is a core component for generating microwave signals. In order to ensure that it is non-magnetic and reduce the impact on the permanent magnetic field, non-magnetic stainless steel materials are used.

[0092] The internal structure of the slow-wave structure cavity is complex and requires high dimensional accuracy. In order to be better applied to hard tube packaging and vacuum preservation technology, the slow-wave structure cavity involved in the present invention is designed as an integrated structure to avoid the problem of cumulative leakage rate due to multiple connections.

[0093] The axial half-section view of the slow-wave structure cavity is as follows: Figure 6 As shown in the figure, CC' is defined as the central rotation axis, C end is the left end face (output end), C' is the right end face (feed-in end), and the end face interfaces are all knife-edge flanges. Fig.10 (a), the inner radius of the output end is R17 = 155mm, the outer radius is R20 = 190mm, the flange thickness is H2 = 15mm, the inner radius of the feed end is R21 = 105mm, the outer radius is R23 = 192.5mm, and the flange thickness is H4 = 5.5mm. There are 4 symmetrical standard CF35 flanges around the cavity, which are connected to the external gas capture component to quickly extract and adsorb the total amount of air molecules in the cavity and increase the molecular movement path.

[0094] The slow-wave structure cavity of the present invention adopts a honeycomb structure, such as Figure 6 In the "exhaust channel" area, the honeycomb structure is connected to the CF35 flange to form a guide channel. In the specific implementation of the package, the C' end of the slow-wave structure cavity is connected to the E section of the transition section, and the middle is vacuum-sealed by an oxygen-free copper pad. The C end is connected to the E' end of the large-caliber ceramic sealed horn antenna, and the middle is vacuum-sealed by an oxygen-free copper pad. The sealing structure is as follows: Fig.10 (b) as shown.

[0095] like Figure 8As shown, the connecting transition section is made of non-magnetic stainless steel material, and its functions include: connecting the high-current diode and the slow-wave structure cavity; and being used for loading and fixing the gas collector.

[0096] The axial half-section view of the transition section is as follows: Figure 8 As shown, EE' is defined as the central symmetry axis, the maximum outer radius is R26 = 212.5mm, the height is H8 = 312mm, and the others are: R24 = 58mm, R25 = 190mm, R27 = 220mm, H5 = 109mm, H6 = 15mm, H7 = 12mm, H8 = 312mm. The E end is connected to the slow-wave structure cavity, the E' end is connected to the high-current diode, and there are 8 CF35 flange interfaces on the outer end face. The flanges are respectively connected to the gas collector B components, and the flanges are vacuum sealed by oxygen-free copper pads.

[0097] like Figure 4 As shown, the permanent magnet is composed of two symmetrical magnets divided into two, and the symmetrical magnet is composed of a magnetic cylinder structure, a magnet 1, and a magnet 2. The permanent magnet composed of two symmetrical magnets forms a ring structure, which can realize repeated combination and separation. The material used in the magnetic cylinder structure is iron, and the magnets 1 and 2 are mainly based on neodymium, iron, and boron as permanent magnetic materials, which are characterized by high precision, good magnetic properties, good corrosion resistance, good temperature stability, etc. Since the hard tube packaging structure involved in the present invention has vacuum-keeping conditions, and in order to better exhaust the device, the device needs to be subjected to high-temperature baking treatment. It is well known that the biggest defect of the magnet cannot withstand high temperature, and high temperature will cause the magnet's magnetic properties to decay or disappear, and this process is irreversible. When the hard tube is baked at high temperature in the present invention, the permanent magnet can not participate in the process. After the high-temperature treatment is restored to normal temperature, the permanent magnet is assembled by a special tooling. Therefore, the permanent magnet involved in the present invention solves the problem of demagnetization at high temperature very well, that is, the permanent magnet only needs to combine and separate the two symmetrical magnets when in use. The axial half-section view of the permanent magnet is as follows Figure 4As shown, the rotation axis is defined as BB', and the inner radius of the magnetic cylinder of magnet 1 is R6 = 60mm, and the outer radius is R9 = 112mm. The inner radius of magnet 1 is R7 = 65mm, the outer radius is R8 = 104mm, and the height is h4-h3 = 80mm. The inner radius of the magnetic cylinder of magnet 2 is R6A = 157mm, and the outer radius is R9A = 226mm. The inner radius of magnet 2 is R7A = 164mm, the outer radius is R8A = 214mm, and the height is h1 = 41.5mm. The total height of the permanent magnet is h4 = 200mm, the minimum inner radius is R6 = 58mm, and the maximum outer radius is R10 = 235mm. Compared with the traditional energized spiral tube, the permanent magnet involved in the present invention is characterized by simple structure, stable and reliable magnetic field, two magnets combined into one can achieve repeated combination and separation, disconnect from external power supply, and maintain permanent magnetic field. The specific implementation is to use special tools to cover two symmetrical magnets on the outer cylinder of the magnetron.

[0098] like Figure 3 As shown, the high-current diode is composed of an integrated structure of an alumina ceramic vacuum interface, a non-magnetic stainless steel anode, and a non-magnetic stainless steel hollow cathode rod. Its axial half-section view is shown in Figure 3 As shown, the rotation axis is defined as AA', the total axial length is L5 = 410mm, the radial radius is R2 = 230mm, and the anode end interface of the high-current diode adopts a knife-edge flange structure, such as Fig.10 As shown in (a), this structure can effectively ensure the vacuum sealing connection and good electrical connection with external devices. The cathode rod adopts a hollow structure, the total length of the cathode rod is L1+L2+L3=250mm, the large outer diameter of the cathode rod is R3=32.8mm, the small outer diameter is R4=20mm, the angle with the vacuum interface of alumina ceramic is X=84°, the A' end of the cathode rod is sealed, and the A end is connected to the outside world. Its design purpose is threefold: one is to ensure vacuum sealing, the second is to facilitate the placement of the inner ring magnet, and the third is to solve the problem of magnet demagnetization under high temperature baking conditions. Since the high-power microwave source needs to generate gigawatt-level microwave signals, the high-current diode that isolates the medium from the vacuum must not only withstand the strong field maintenance of MV-level high voltage and hundreds of KA high current, but also withstand the positive and negative air pressures at the medium end and the vacuum end. In order to ensure the normal output of the microwave source and the stable operation of the ceramic diode, after simulation calculation, the radial length of the ceramic vacuum interface of the high-current diode in the present invention is R1-R5=185mm, and the thickness of the ceramic plate is L1, and L1 is 15~20mm.

[0099] In order to ensure the coaxiality of the anode and cathode and the vacuum tightness, the high current diode involved in the present invention adopts a coaxial integrated structure, which solves the technical problems of the anode and cathode of the conventional diode not being concentric and the vacuum leakage rate being poor.

[0100] In the specific implementation of assembly, the built-in magnetic ring is inserted into the corresponding position from the hollow structure of the cathode rod of the high-current diode, and the carbon fiber electron emission cathode is assembled on the cathode rod radius R4 and length L4 to form an electron beam emission end.

[0101] The gas capture assembly is a gas collector that is independent of an external vacuum unit, does not require power input, has a small size, light weight, strong adsorption capacity, pure material, and strong anti-electromagnetic interference ability. Its core component is made of vacuum body material, with a simple structure, easy operation, and plug and play. It is mainly composed of a vacuum body and an outer cylinder shell.

[0102] In the present invention, the gas capture assembly adopts a distributed structure, such as Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 (a) is the gas capture A component, Figure 5 (b) is a gas capture B component. The gas capture A component and the gas capture B component are of the same nature. According to the gas source emission area of ​​the microwave source structure of the present invention, the capture position and structural profile are set. The four CF35 flanges of the gas A component are respectively connected to the four CF35 flanges on the slow-wave structure cavity through oxygen-free copper pads, and the B component is connected to the connecting transition section through oxygen-free copper pads. The connecting structure is as shown in FIG. Fig.10 (b) as shown.

[0103] The gas capture of the present invention adopts a ring-shaped distributed structure, which has the following functions:

[0104] According to the gas source emission area, the gas molecules are captured at the strongest point closest to the gas source and adsorbed at the fastest speed;

[0105] The gas molecules are evenly captured to prevent the electron beam from being hit to different degrees during its movement, which would affect the uniform emission of the electron beam.

[0106] The specific implementation of assembly is as follows Figure 2 As shown, the gas capture A component is connected to the CF35 flange on the slow-wave structure cavity through the CF35 flange, and the flanges are sealed by oxygen-free copper gaskets, as shown in Figure (10b). The schematic diagram after assembly is shown in Figure 1 As shown;

[0107] The gas capture B component is connected to the CF35 flange on the transition section through the CF35 flange, and the flanges are vacuum-sealed through an oxygen-free copper gasket, as shown in Figure (10b). The schematic diagram after assembly is as follows: Figure 1 shown.

[0108] like Fig. 9 As shown, a high-current diode, a transition section, a slow-wave structure cavity, and a large-diameter ceramic sealed horn antenna constitute a relativistic magnetron with a fully hard-tube packaging structure. The various components are connected by knife-edge flanges, and the knife-edge flanges are vacuum-sealed by oxygen-free copper pads.

[0109] like Fig.10 As shown, Fig.10 (a) is a blade flange structure, the blade inner height is 1mm, the outer height is 1.5mm, the blade chamfer is R0.1, and the blade bevel angle is 70°. Fig.10 (b) The knife-edge flanges are vacuum-sealed with oxygen-free copper gaskets, and the thickness of the copper gasket is 2 mm.

[0110] Fig.11 The microwave waveform output by the hard tube permanent magnet packaged gigawatt-class relativistic magnetron designed for the present invention has a voltage of 500kV on the high-current diode, a current of 10kA, and an excitation of a permanent magnetic field of 0.35T. The average microwave power output is 1.5GW, the efficiency is 40%, and the frequency is 2.1GHz.

[0111] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A magnetron based on a gigawatt-class high-power microwave source hard tube and permanent magnet packaging, characterized in that: include: Plane antenna, first cavity structure, second cavity structure, magnet package, high current diode, and non-edge distributed gas collector assembly; The planar antenna is connected to the first cavity structure; The planar antenna is a horn antenna, comprising a ceramic radiation surface (11) and a non-magnetic stainless steel horn (7); The planar antenna adopts an integrated structure; A plurality of first flange interfaces are distributed on the non-magnetic stainless steel horn (7); The flange interface is connected to a high vacuum valve, a vacuum gauge, and a first gas collector (17) via an oxygen-free copper gasket; The high vacuum valve is used to cut off and isolate the vacuum from the outside air; The vacuum gauge is used to detect the vacuum rarefaction degree in the cavity; The first gas collector (17) is used to capture gas molecules at the end of the planar antenna; The first cavity structure is connected to the magnetic packaging body, the second cavity structure, and the planar antenna; The first cavity structure is a slow-wave structure cavity (8); The slow-wave structure cavity (8) has a first end and a second end; The first end of the slow-wave structure cavity (8) is connected to the planar antenna; The second end of the slow-wave structure cavity (8) is connected to the magnet package and the second cavity structure; The slow-wave structure cavity (8) is made of non-magnetic stainless steel material; The slow-wave structure cavity (8) is an integrated structure; The slow-wave structure cavity (8) has a plurality of second flange interfaces distributed in the cavity, and the second flange interfaces are connected to the gas collector (13); the slow-wave structure cavity (8) has a honeycomb structure (5), and the honeycomb structure (5) is connected to the second flange interfaces to form a drainage channel; The magnet package comprises a magnetic cylinder structure (12), a first magnet, a second magnet, a third magnet, and a fourth magnet; The first magnet and the second magnet form a magnet (3); The third magnet and the fourth magnet form a magnet (4); The magnetic cylinder structure (12) comprises a magnetic cylinder structure first end and a magnetic cylinder structure second end; The magnet (3) is distributed at the first end of the magnetic cylinder structure; The magnet (4) is distributed at the second end of the magnetic cylinder structure; The first end of the magnetic cylinder structure is connected to the high-current diode; The second end of the magnetic cylinder structure is connected to the second cavity structure; The second cavity structure is connected to the magnet package and the high-current diode; The non-edge distributed gas collector assembly comprises a first gas collector (17), a second gas collector (13), and a third gas collector (6).

2. A magnetron based on a gigawatt-class high-power microwave source hard tube and permanent magnet packaging according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second cavity structure is a connecting transition section (10); The connecting transition section (10) has a first end and a second end; The first end of the connecting transition section (10) is connected to the high current diode; The second end of the connecting transition section (10) is connected to the magnet package and the first cavity structure; The connecting transition section (10) is made of non-magnetic stainless steel; The outer end surface of the second end of the connecting transition section (10) is provided with a plurality of third flange interfaces, and the third flange interfaces are connected to the third gas collector (6).

3. A magnetron based on a gigawatt-class high-power microwave source hard tube and permanent magnet packaging according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-current diode is an integrated structure, comprising a non-magnetic stainless steel anode (1), an alumina ceramic vacuum interface (2), and a non-magnetic stainless steel hollow cathode rod (16); The high-current diode is used to maintain high-field withstand voltage and act as a dielectric and vacuum isolation; The non-magnetic stainless steel anode (1) is connected to the second cavity structure; The non-magnetic stainless steel hollow cathode rod (16) has a first end and a second end; The first end of the non-magnetic stainless steel hollow cathode rod (16) is connected to the non-magnetic stainless steel anode (1); The alumina ceramic vacuum interface (2) is connected to the second end of the non-magnetic stainless steel hollow cathode rod (16); The non-magnetic stainless steel anode (1) is coaxial with the non-magnetic stainless steel hollow cathode rod (16).

4. A magnetron based on a gigawatt-class high-power microwave source hard tube and permanent magnet packaging according to claim 3, characterized in that: The non-magnetic stainless steel hollow cathode rod (16) is in communication with the outside, and the second end of the non-magnetic stainless steel hollow cathode rod (16) is sealed.

5. A magnetron based on a gigawatt-class high-power microwave source hard tube and permanent magnet packaging according to claim 3, characterized in that: The high-current diode is also connected to the inner ring magnet (9), the carbon fiber electron emission cathode (15), and the exhaust device (18); The second end of the non-magnetic stainless steel hollow cathode rod (16) is connected to the carbon fiber electron emission cathode (15); The inner ring magnet (9) is placed inside the second end of the non-magnetic stainless steel hollow cathode rod (16); The exhaust device is connected to the carbon fiber electron emission cathode (15); The exhaust device comprises an exhaust hood and an exhaust duct.

6. A magnetron based on a gigawatt-class high-power microwave source hard tube and permanent magnet packaging according to claim 2, characterized in that: The flange connection method of the first flange interface, the second flange interface and the third flange interface is: The first flange interface, the second flange interface and the third flange interface are vacuum-sealed by a first oxygen-free copper gasket.

7. A magnetron based on a gigawatt-class high-power microwave source hard tube and permanent magnet packaging according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection between the planar antenna and the first cavity structure, the first cavity structure and the second cavity structure, the second cavity structure and the magnet package, and the magnet package and the high-current diode is a knife-edge flange connection (14); The knife-edge flanges are vacuum-sealed with each other through a second oxygen-free copper gasket.

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