An environmental monitoring device

Abstract

The present invention discloses an environmental monitoring device, including a shell, the shell including a cylindrical part and a conical positioning part located at the bottom of the cylindrical part, a lifting and adjusting mechanism installed on the shell, a driving motor installed on the lifting and adjusting mechanism, a driving shaft installed on the output end of the driving motor, at least two layered drilling mechanisms equidistantly installed on the driving shaft along its axial direction, a guiding support mechanism matched with the layered drilling mechanism is fixed in the shell, the layered drilling mechanism includes a mounting frame and an active bevel gear installed on the driving shaft, and a plurality of drilling mechanisms are installed on the mounting frame. The drilling mechanism of the present invention can automatically drill horizontally after being placed in a pre-dug pit, and detach from the drilling hole after the drilling is completed, so as to facilitate the insertion of sensors for soil environment monitoring, ensure the safety and detection accuracy of the sensors, and monitor the soil environment at different depths, with simple operation, high degree of automation, saving manpower and material resources, and convenient loading and unloading.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of environmental monitoring, in particular to a monitoring device for soil environment. Background Art

[0002] The rocks on the surface of the earth are gradually broken down into loose mineral particles of varying sizes through weathering. Soil is formed and evolved under the combined effects of multiple soil-forming factors such as parent material, climate, biology, topography, and time. The composition of soil is very complex. Generally speaking, it is composed of three phases: solid, liquid, and gas, including minerals, organic matter produced by the decomposition of plant and animal remains, water, and air.

[0003] Soil environmental monitoring refers to determining environmental quality and its changing trends by measuring the representative values ​​of factors that affect soil environmental quality. What we usually call soil monitoring refers to soil environmental monitoring, and the monitoring content generally includes soil moisture, soil temperature, soil hardness, soil pH, etc.

[0004] Existing soil monitoring equipment can usually only monitor the soil at the same depth at the monitoring point, and it is not easy to monitor soil at different depths. If you want to monitor the environment of multiple layers of soil, you need to manually insert sensors into the soil at different depths after digging a pit. If you need to monitor deeper soil, you need to dig a deeper pit. If you need to manually dig a pit to insert the sensor into the soil, you also need to dig a larger diameter pit. However, after digging the pit manually, the sensor cannot be directly inserted due to the high hardness of the deep soil, otherwise the sensor will be damaged. It is also necessary to drill radial holes in the deep pit. The process is very complicated, the operation is extremely inconvenient, and it consumes a lot of manpower and material resources, and the work efficiency is low. Therefore, it is necessary to design a soil environment monitoring device that can conveniently monitor soil at different depths. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems and to design an environment monitoring device.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention to achieve the above-mentioned purpose is as follows: an environmental monitoring device comprises a shell, the shell comprises a cylindrical portion and a conical positioning portion located at the bottom of the cylindrical portion, a lifting and lowering adjustment mechanism is installed on the shell, a driving motor is installed on the lifting and lowering adjustment mechanism, a driving shaft coaxially arranged with the shell is installed at the output end of the driving motor, the driving shaft is installed on the shell and the lower end extends into the shell, at least two layered drilling mechanisms are equidistantly installed on the driving shaft along the axial direction thereof, and a guiding support mechanism cooperating with the layered drilling mechanism is fixed in the shell;

[0007] The layered drilling mechanism includes a mounting frame and an active bevel gear, the mounting frame is rotatably mounted on the driving shaft, adjacent mounting frames are connected by connecting rods, the uppermost mounting frame is connected to the inner wall of the top end of the shell by a first retractable guide member, the active bevel gear is fixedly mounted on the driving shaft, and a plurality of drilling mechanisms are mounted on the mounting frame;

[0008] The cam is provided with a toothed sleeve, and the toothed sleeve has a first end which is fixed to the cam frame, and the second end of the toothed sleeve is provided with a toothed sleeve which is provided with a toothed sleeve.

[0009] The guide support mechanism includes a bottom plate, which is fixed to the inner wall of the lower end of the cylindrical part, and a plurality of guide assemblies are fixed to the bottom plate, the number of guide assemblies is the same as the number of drilling mechanisms in any layered drilling mechanism, and each guide assembly includes two guide support rods coaxially arranged with the driving shaft, and the upper ends of the guide support rods are fixed to the inner wall of the top end of the shell;

[0010] Each group of the guide assemblies is equipped with monitoring mechanisms of the same number as the layered drilling mechanisms, the monitoring mechanisms comprising a fixing seat fixedly connected to the two guide support rods, a sliding sleeve mounted on each guide support rod, a rectangular sleeve fixedly connected to the sliding sleeve, a rectangular rod slidably mounted in the rectangular sleeve, a tension spring connected to the fixing seat at one end and the rectangular sleeve at the other end, and a sensor mounted on the rectangular rod near one end of the housing, wherein a slot for engaging with a clamping head is provided at the upper end of the rectangular rod;

[0011] The cylindrical part is provided with a first opening corresponding to the drilling sleeve one by one, and a second opening is provided on the cylindrical part and below the first opening; when the drilling sleeve is located at the second opening, the clamping head is clamped with the clamping groove.

[0012] Preferably, the lifting and lowering adjustment mechanism includes a motor base plate for installing a driving motor and at least two first guide sleeves fixed to the top of the shell body, a first guide rod is slidably installed in the first guide sleeve, the upper end of the first guide rod is fixedly connected to the motor base plate, a horizontal shaft seat and a vertical shaft seat are installed on the top of the shell body, a screw rod is installed in the horizontal shaft seat, a first bevel gear and a nut pair are installed on the screw rod, the nut pair is fixedly connected to the motor base plate, a rotating shaft is installed in the vertical shaft seat, a second bevel gear is installed at one end of the rotating shaft, the second bevel gear is meshed with the first bevel gear, and a hand wheel is installed at the other end of the rotating shaft.

[0013] Preferably, a flat key is radially installed on one end of the threaded shaft away from the friction coupler, and a sliding groove cooperating with the flat key is opened on the inner wall of the drilling sleeve.

[0014] Preferably, a plurality of arc-shaped retaining plates are fixed on the inner wall of the shell, the arc-shaped retaining plates are located below the second opening, the arc-shaped retaining plates correspond to each sensor below the uppermost sensor, and the arc-shaped retaining plates are used to shield the drilled soil falling on the sensors.

[0015] Preferably, the first telescopic guide member includes a second guide sleeve and a second guide rod, the upper end of the second guide sleeve is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the shell, the second guide rod is slidably inserted in the second guide sleeve, and the lower end of the second guide rod is fixedly connected to the mounting frame.

[0016] Preferably, the bottommost mounting frame is connected to the base plate via a second retractable guide member, which includes a third guide sleeve and a third guide rod, the third guide sleeve is fixedly connected to the base plate, the second guide rod is slidably inserted in the second guide sleeve, and the upper end of the second guide rod is fixedly connected to the mounting frame.

[0017] Preferably, two lifting ears are fixed on the top of the shell.

[0018] Preferably, protective films are installed in both the first opening and the second opening.

[0019] Preferably, a proximity switch is installed on the inner wall of the shell, and the proximity switch corresponds to the clamping push rod one by one.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: after the device is placed in a pre-dug pit, the drilling mechanism automatically drills horizontally through the drive of a driving motor. After the drilling is completed, the drilling mechanism detaches from the drilling hole, which is convenient for inserting a sensor to monitor the soil environment, thereby ensuring the safety and detection accuracy of the sensor, and being able to monitor the soil environment at different depths. The operation is simple, the degree of automation is high, and manpower and material resources are saved. At the same time, the sensor can be easily retracted into the shell, making it easy to remove the device from the pre-dug pit. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the drilling mechanism;

[0023] Figure 3 is a top cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a partial structural diagram of the drilling mechanism and the monitoring mechanism;

[0025] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the monitoring mechanism from a bird's-eye view;

[0026] Figure 6 It is another state schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0027] In the figure, 1, shell; 11, cylinder; 111, first opening; 112, second opening; 12, conical positioning part; 13, arc retaining plate; 14, lifting ear; 15, protective film; 2, lifting and lowering adjustment mechanism; 201, motor seat plate; 202, first guide sleeve; 203, first guide rod; 204, horizontal shaft seat; 205, vertical shaft seat; 206, screw rod; 207, first bevel gear; 208, nut pair; 209, rotating shaft; 210, second bevel gear; 211, hand wheel; 3, driving motor; 4, driving shaft; 5, layered drilling mechanism; 51, mounting frame; 52, active bevel gear; 53, connecting rod; 54, first telescopic guide member; 541, second guide sleeve; 542, second guide rod; 55, second telescopic guide member Telescopic guide member; 551, third guide sleeve; 552, third guide rod; 6, guide support mechanism; 61, base plate; 62, guide assembly; 621, guide support rod; 7, drilling mechanism; 701, first transmission shaft; 702, threaded shaft; 703, driven bevel gear; 704, friction coupling; 705, nut seat; 706, guide slide rod; 707, limit block; 708, compression spring; 709, flange bearing; 710, drilling sleeve; 711, spiral blade; 712, snap-on push rod; 713, clamping head; 714, flat key; 715, slide groove; 8, monitoring mechanism; 81, fixed seat; 82, rectangular sleeve; 83, rectangular rod; 84, tension spring; 85, sensor; 86, slot; 87, slide sleeve; 9, proximity switch. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Figure 1-6As shown: an environmental monitoring device, comprising a shell 1, the shell 1 comprising a cylindrical portion 11 and a conical positioning portion 12 located at the bottom of the cylindrical portion 11, a lifting adjustment mechanism 2 is installed on the shell 1, a driving motor 3 is installed on the lifting adjustment mechanism 2, a driving shaft 4 coaxially arranged with the shell 1 is installed at the output end of the driving motor 3, the driving shaft 4 is installed on the shell 1 and the lower end of the driving shaft 4 extends into the shell 1, at least two layered drilling mechanisms 5 are equidistantly installed on the driving shaft 4 along the axial direction thereof, and a guiding support mechanism 6 cooperating with the layered drilling mechanism 5 is fixed in the shell 1; in this embodiment, three layered drilling mechanisms 5 are provided;

[0029] The layered drilling mechanism 5 includes a mounting frame 51 and an active bevel gear 52. The mounting frame 51 is rotatably mounted on the drive shaft 4. The mounting frame 51 is rotatably mounted on the drive shaft 4 through a bearing. A shaft retaining spring is installed on the drive shaft 4 to limit the axial movement of the bearing. Adjacent mounting frames 51 are connected by connecting rods 53. The connecting rods 53 are welded and fixed to adjacent mounting frames 51. The uppermost mounting frame 51 is connected to the inner wall of the top end of the housing 1 through a first retractable guide member 54. The active bevel gear 52 is fixedly mounted on the drive shaft 4. A plurality of drilling mechanisms 7 are installed on the mounting frame 51. In this embodiment, the number of drilling mechanisms 7 is 4.

[0030] like Figure 2-3As shown, the drilling mechanism 7 includes a first transmission shaft 701 and a threaded shaft 702 rotatably mounted on the mounting frame 51. The first transmission shaft 701 and the threaded shaft 702 are both rotatably mounted on the mounting frame 51 through bearings. The first transmission shaft 701 and the threaded shaft 702 are coaxially arranged. A driven bevel gear 703 is installed at one end of the first transmission shaft 701. The driven bevel gear 703 is meshed and connected with the active bevel gear 52. The other end of the first transmission shaft 701 is connected to the threaded shaft 702 through a friction coupling 704. A nut seat 705 is installed on the threaded shaft 702. A guide slide bar 706 corresponding to the nut seat 705 is fixed on the mounting frame 51. The guide slide bar 706 is arranged parallel to the threaded shaft 702. The guide slide bar 706 penetrates the nut seat 705 and is slidably connected with the nut seat 705. A limiting block 707 is fixed on the other end of the guide slide bar 706. 6 is sleeved with a compression spring 708, and the limit block 707 is used to limit the compression spring 708 from being separated from the guide slide bar 706. The compression spring 708 is used to provide a thrust for re-screwing into the threaded section of the threaded shaft 702 when the threaded shaft 702 rotates in the reverse direction when the nut seat 705 is separated from the threaded section of the threaded shaft 702. A flange bearing 709 is fixed on the nut seat 705, and a drilling sleeve 710 is installed on the flange bearing 709. The end of the drilling sleeve 710 away from the nut seat 705 is closed and conical, and the conical end is convenient for drilling. A spiral blade 711 is installed on the outer wall of the drilling sleeve 710. The spiral blade 711 is set to drill and move the drilled soil out of the drilled hole. The drilling sleeve 710 is sleeved on the threaded shaft 702 and is key-connected with the threaded shaft 702. A clamping push rod 712 is fixed on the nut seat 705, and a clamping head 713 is fixed on the other end of the clamping push rod 712.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, the guide support mechanism 6 includes a bottom plate 61, which is fixed to the inner wall of the lower end of the cylindrical portion 11, and a plurality of guide assemblies 62 are fixed to the bottom plate 61. The number of guide assemblies 62 is the same as the number of drilling mechanisms 7 in any layered drilling mechanism 5. Each guide assembly 62 includes two guide support rods 621 coaxially arranged with the drive shaft 4, and the upper ends of the guide support rods 621 are fixed to the inner wall of the top end of the housing 1.

[0032] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, each group of guide components 62 is equipped with monitoring mechanisms 8 of the same number as the layered drilling mechanisms 5, and the number of monitoring mechanisms 8 is the same as the number of drilling mechanisms 7, and the monitoring mechanisms 8 correspond to the drilling mechanisms 7 one by one. The monitoring mechanisms 8 include a fixed seat 81 fixedly connected to two guide support rods 621, a sliding sleeve 87 sleeved on each guide support rod 621, a rectangular sleeve 82 fixedly connected to the sliding sleeve 87, a rectangular rod 83 slidably mounted in the rectangular sleeve 82, a tension spring 84 connected to the fixed seat 81 at one end and the rectangular sleeve 82 at the other end, and a sensor 85 installed on the rectangular rod 83 near one end of the shell 1, wherein a card slot 86 for card engagement with the card head 713 is opened at the upper end of the rectangular rod 83, and the rectangular rod 83 is L-shaped, so that the sensor 85 can be placed directly below its corresponding drilling sleeve 710; the sensor 85 includes a soil moisture sensor 85, a soil temperature sensor 85, a soil hardness sensor 85, a soil pH sensor 85, etc., and different sensors 85 can be installed according to actual needs.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, the cylindrical portion 11 is provided with a first opening 111 corresponding to the drilling sleeve 710 , and the cylindrical portion 11 is provided with a second opening 112 below the first opening 111 ; when the drilling sleeve 710 is located at the second opening 112 , the clamping head 713 is clamped with the clamping groove 86 .

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, the lifting and lowering adjustment mechanism 2 includes a motor base plate 201 for installing a driving motor 3 and at least two first guide sleeves 202 fixed on the top of the shell 1, a first guide rod 203 is slidably installed in the first guide sleeve 202, and the upper end of the first guide rod 203 is fixedly connected to the motor base plate 201, a horizontal shaft seat 204 and a vertical shaft seat 205 are installed on the top of the shell 1, a screw rod 206 is installed in the horizontal shaft seat 204, a first bevel gear 207 and a nut pair 208 are installed on the screw rod 206, the nut pair 208 is fixedly connected to the motor base plate 201, a rotating shaft 209 is installed in the vertical shaft seat 205, a second bevel gear 210 is installed at one end of the rotating shaft 209, the second bevel gear 210 is meshed with the first bevel gear 207, and a hand wheel 211 is installed at the other end of the rotating shaft 209. By setting up the lifting and adjusting mechanism 2, the driving motor 3 can be supported and the positions of the driving motor 3 and the driving shaft 4 can be adjusted. When the lifting and adjusting mechanism 2 adjusts the driving motor 3 to the highest position, the drilling sleeve 710 is located at the first opening 111. When the lifting and adjusting mechanism 2 adjusts the driving motor 3 to the lowest position, the drilling sleeve 710 is located at the second opening 112.

[0035] like Figure 2As shown, a flat key 714 is radially installed at one end of the threaded shaft 702 away from the friction coupler 704, and a slide groove 715 that cooperates with the flat key 714 is opened on the inner wall of the drilling sleeve 710. By setting the slide groove 715 of the flat key 714, the key connection between the threaded shaft 702 and the drilling sleeve 710 is realized, so that the threaded shaft 702 can drive the drilling sleeve 710 to rotate.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, a plurality of arc-shaped retaining plates 13 are fixed on the inner wall of the housing 1, and the arc-shaped retaining plates 13 are located below the second opening 112. The arc-shaped retaining plates 13 correspond to the sensors 85 below the uppermost sensor 85, and the arc-shaped retaining plates 13 are used to shield the drilled soil falling on the sensor 85. By providing the arc-shaped retaining plates 13, it is possible to prevent the soil in the first opening 111 from contacting the sensor 85 during drilling, thereby reducing detection errors and affecting detection accuracy.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the first retractable guide member 54 includes a second guide sleeve 541 and a second guide rod 542. The upper end of the second guide sleeve 541 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing 1. The second guide rod 542 is slidably inserted in the second guide sleeve 541. The lower end of the second guide rod 542 is fixedly connected to the mounting frame 51. By providing the first retractable guide member 54, the rotation of the mounting frame 51 can be limited without affecting the lifting of the mounting frame 51.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, the bottommost mounting frame 51 is connected to the bottom plate 61 via a second retractable guide member 55, the second retractable guide member 55 comprises a third guide sleeve 551 and a third guide rod 552, the third guide sleeve 551 is fixedly connected to the bottom plate 61, the second guide rod 542 is slidably inserted in the second guide sleeve 541, and the upper end of the second guide rod 542 is fixedly connected to the mounting frame 51. By providing the second retractable guide member 55, the stability of the layered drilling mechanism 5 can be improved, and the mounting frame 51 can be prevented from rotating.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, two lifting ears 14 are fixed to the top of the housing 1. By arranging the lifting ears 14, it is convenient to transfer the device.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, a protective film 15 is installed in both the first opening 111 and the second opening 112. By providing the protective film 15, external pollutants can be prevented from entering the housing 1 and causing damage to the components in the housing 1. When the housing 1 is placed in the pre-dug pit and the drill is used to drill a hole, the protective film 15 can be easily broken through.

[0041] like Figure 1As shown, a proximity switch 9 is installed on the inner wall of the housing 1, and the proximity switch 9 corresponds to the clamping push rod 712. By setting the proximity switch 9, the position of the clamping push rod 712 is detected to facilitate knowing when all drilling operations are completed.

[0042] In addition, if Figure 6 As shown, when there is no protection outdoors, a maintenance protection box can be fixed on the top of the shell 1 to cover the lifting and adjusting mechanism 2 to protect the lifting and adjusting mechanism 2 and the driving motor 3. Solar panels can also be installed on the maintenance protection box, and inverters, batteries, controllers and other electrical appliances can be installed in the maintenance protection box.

[0043] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: the device is hoisted into the pre-dug pit by a hoisting device. After the conical positioning part 12 reaches the bottom of the pre-dug pit, it is convenient to position the shell 1 so that the axis of the shell 1 is roughly vertical. Then the driving motor 3 is powered on and the driving motor 3 drives the driving shaft 4 to rotate through the coupling. The driving shaft 4 drives each drilling mechanism 7 to move through the active bevel gear 52. Specifically, the driving shaft 4 drives the driven bevel gear 703 and the first transmission shaft 701 to rotate through the active bevel gear 52. Under the guiding limit of the guide member 54, the mounting frame 51 cannot rotate, the first transmission shaft 701 drives the threaded shaft 702 to rotate through the friction coupling 704, and under the guiding limit of the guide slide bar 706, the threaded shaft 702 drives the nut seat 705 to move linearly, and the nut seat 705 drives the drilling sleeve 710 to extend out of the first opening 111 through the flange bearing 709. At the same time, the flat key 714 slides in the slide groove 715, and the threaded shaft 702 drives the drilling sleeve 710 to rotate through the flat key 714. The first opening 111 is rotated to make the drilling sleeve 710 and the spiral blade 711 rotate and move forward to drill the soil outside the first opening 111. Since the hardness of the soil at different depths is different, the drilling rate will also be different. Therefore, a friction coupler 704 is set as a transmission device between the first transmission shaft 701 and the threaded shaft 702. When the soil hardness is harder, the friction coupler 704 can slip and operate, thereby realizing the protection function. When one of the nut seats 705 moves to the end of the external thread on the threaded shaft 702, the thread The shaft 702 no longer drives the nut seat 705 forward, and the drilling of the position is completed at this time, and the threaded seat compresses the compression spring 708 to compress the compression spring 708. The proximity switch 9 corresponding to the drilling mechanism 7 detects the approaching signal of the clamping push rod 712, and the threaded shaft 702 still drives the drilling sleeve 710 to rotate idly through the flat key 714 without affecting the drilling of other drilling mechanisms 7; when all the proximity switches 9 detect the approaching signal of the corresponding clamping push rod 712, it means that all the drilling mechanisms 7 have completed drilling;

[0044] Then, the driving motor 3 is controlled to rotate in the opposite direction. The same as the above principle, under the action of the elastic restoring force of the compression spring 708, the compression spring 708 pushes the nut seat 705, so that the nut seat 705 is screwed back into the external thread of the threaded shaft 702, thereby causing the drilling mechanism 7 to shrink from the first opening 111 to the inside of the housing 1; then, the hand wheel 211 is turned, and the hand wheel 211 drives the second bevel gear 210 to rotate through the rotating shaft 209, and the second bevel gear 210 drives the first bevel gear 207 and the screw rod 206 to rotate. Under the guiding and limiting action of the first guide sleeve 202 and the first guide rod 203, the nut pair 208 drives the motor base plate 201 and the driving motor 3 installed on the motor base plate 201 to descend smoothly. When the motor base plate 201 abuts against the first guide sleeve 202, the hand wheel 211 is stopped. At this time, the drilling sleeve 710 descends to the second opening 112 near its lower part, and the sensor 85 is lowered. The first hole 111 is lowered to the first opening 111 below the first hole 112. During this period, the clamping head 713 is lowered and clamped into the clamping groove 86. Under the guidance of the guide support rod 621 and the sliding sleeve 87, the clamping head 713 drives the rectangular rod 83, the rectangular sleeve 82, the sliding sleeve 87 and the sensor 85 to descend, and the tension spring 84 is stretched. Then the motor is controlled to work again. The drilling sleeve 710 extends out of the housing 1 from the second opening 112 and drills a hole into the soil in the same way as the first drilling. The clamping push rod 712 drives the rectangular rod 83 and the sensor 85 to move through the clamping head 713, so that the sensor 85 moves out of the housing 1 from the first opening 111 and enters the borehole. The end of the sensor 85 is roughly flush with the drilling sleeve 710 and can be in direct contact with the soil for detection. Since the housing 1 is located in the pre-dug pit and the drilling sleeve 710 is located in its self-drilled hole, the stability of the device is enhanced, it is not easy to shake, the sensor 85 is protected, and the detection accuracy is improved.

[0045] When it is necessary to take out the device, the drive motor 3 is controlled to rotate in the opposite direction to retract the drilling mechanism 7 into the housing 1, and then the hand wheel 211 is driven to reset the layered drilling mechanism 5. At the same time, under the action of the elastic restoring force of the tension spring 84, the tension spring 84 drives the rectangular sleeve 82, the sliding sleeve 87, the rectangular rod 83, and the sensor 85 to rise and reset. Then, the rope can be fixed to the lifting ear 14 through the lifting device, and the device can be taken out of the pre-dug pit for easy maintenance or replacement.

[0046] The above technical solutions only reflect the preferred technical solutions of the technical solutions of the present invention. Some changes that may be made to certain parts thereof by technicians in this technical field all reflect the principles of the present invention and fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An environmental monitoring device, comprising a housing (1), wherein the housing (1) comprises a cylindrical portion (11) and a conical positioning portion (12) located at the bottom of the cylindrical portion (11), characterized in that: The housing (1) is provided with a lifting and lowering adjustment mechanism (2), a driving motor (3) is provided on the lifting and lowering adjustment mechanism (2), a driving shaft (4) coaxially arranged with the housing (1) is provided at the output end of the driving motor (3), the driving shaft (4) is provided on the housing (1) and the lower end of the driving shaft (4) extends into the housing (1), at least two layered drilling mechanisms (5) are provided on the driving shaft (4) at equal distances along the axis direction thereof, and a guiding support mechanism (6) cooperating with the layered drilling mechanism (5) is fixed in the housing (1); The layered drilling mechanism (5) comprises a mounting frame (51) and a driving bevel gear (52); the mounting frame (51) is rotatably mounted on the driving shaft (4); adjacent mounting frames (51) are connected via a connecting rod (53); the uppermost mounting frame (51) is connected to the inner wall of the top end of the housing (1) via a first retractable guide member (54); the driving bevel gear (52) is fixedly mounted on the driving shaft (4); and a plurality of drilling mechanisms (7) are mounted on the mounting frame (51); The drilling mechanism (7) comprises a first transmission shaft (701) and a threaded shaft (702) rotatably mounted on a mounting frame (51); the first transmission shaft (701) and the threaded shaft (702) are coaxially arranged; a driven bevel gear (703) is mounted on one end of the first transmission shaft (701); the driven bevel gear (703) is meshingly connected with the driving bevel gear (52); the other end of the first transmission shaft (701) is connected to the threaded shaft (702) via a friction coupling (704); a nut seat (705) is mounted on the threaded shaft (702); a guide slide bar (706) corresponding to the nut seat (705) is fixed on the mounting frame (51); the guide slide bar (706) is arranged parallel to the threaded shaft (702); the guide slide bar (706) is inserted into the threaded shaft (702) and the nut seat (705) is mounted on the mounting frame (51); The guide slide rod (706) passes through the nut seat (705) and is slidably connected to the nut seat (705); a limit block (707) is fixed to the other end of the guide slide rod (706); a compression spring (708) is sleeved on the guide slide rod (706); a flange bearing (709) is fixed to the nut seat (705); a drilling sleeve (710) is installed on the flange bearing (709); one end of the drilling sleeve (710) away from the nut seat (705) is closed and conical; a spiral blade (711) is installed on the outer wall of the drilling sleeve (710); the drilling sleeve (710) is sleeved on the threaded shaft (702) and is key-connected to the threaded shaft (702); a clamping push rod (712) is fixed to the nut seat (705); a clamping head (713) is fixed to the other end of the clamping push rod (712); The guide support mechanism (6) comprises a bottom plate (61), the bottom plate (61) being fixed to the inner wall of the lower end of the cylindrical portion (11), a plurality of guide assemblies (62) being fixed to the bottom plate (61), the number of guide assemblies (62) being the same as the number of drilling mechanisms (7) in any layered drilling mechanism (5), each guide assembly (62) comprising two guide support rods (621) coaxially arranged with the drive shaft (4), the upper ends of the guide support rods (621) being fixed to the inner wall of the top end of the housing (1); Each group of the guide assemblies (62) is equipped with monitoring mechanisms (8) of the same number as the layered drilling mechanisms (5), the monitoring mechanisms (8) comprising a fixing seat (81) fixedly connected to the two guide support rods (621), a sliding sleeve (87) sleeved on each guide support rod (621), a rectangular sleeve (82) fixedly connected to the sliding sleeve (87), a rectangular rod (83) slidably mounted in the rectangular sleeve (82), a tension spring (84) connected at one end to the fixing seat (81) and at the other end to the rectangular sleeve (82), and a sensor (85) mounted on one end of the rectangular rod (83) close to the housing (1), wherein a slot (86) for engaging with a clamping head (713) is provided at the upper end of the rectangular rod (83); The cylindrical portion (11) is provided with a first opening (111) corresponding one-to-one to the drilling sleeve (710), and a second opening (112) is provided on the cylindrical portion (11) and below the first opening (111); when the drilling sleeve (710) is located at the second opening (112), the clamping head (713) is clamped with the clamping groove (86); The lifting and lowering adjustment mechanism (2) comprises a motor base plate (201) for mounting a driving motor (3) and at least two first guide sleeves (202) fixed to the top of the housing (1), a first guide rod (203) being slidably mounted in the first guide sleeve (202), the upper end of the first guide rod (203) being fixedly connected to the motor base plate (201), and a horizontal shaft seat (204) and a vertical shaft seat (205) being mounted on the top of the housing (1), the horizontal shaft seat (204) A screw rod (206) is installed inside, a first bevel gear (207) and a nut pair (208) are installed on the screw rod (206), the nut pair (208) is fixedly connected to the motor base plate (201), a rotating shaft (209) is installed inside the vertical shaft seat (205), a second bevel gear (210) is installed at one end of the rotating shaft (209), the second bevel gear (210) is meshedly connected with the first bevel gear (207), and a hand wheel (211) is installed at the other end of the rotating shaft (209); A flat key (714) is radially mounted on one end of the threaded shaft (702) away from the friction coupler (704), and a sliding groove (715) cooperating with the flat key (714) is formed on the inner wall of the drilling sleeve (710); A plurality of arc-shaped retaining plates (13) are fixed on the inner wall of the shell (1), the arc-shaped retaining plates (13) being located below the second opening (112), the arc-shaped retaining plates (13) corresponding to each sensor (85) below the uppermost sensor (85), and the arc-shaped retaining plates (13) being used to shield drilled soil falling on the sensor (85).

2. The environmental monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first telescopic guide member (54) comprises a second guide sleeve (541) and a second guide rod (542); the upper end of the second guide sleeve (541) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing (1); the second guide rod (542) is slidably inserted into the second guide sleeve (541); and the lower end of the second guide rod (542) is fixedly connected to the mounting frame (51).

3. The environmental monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting frame (51) at the bottom layer is connected to the bottom plate (61) via a second telescopic guide member (55), the second telescopic guide member (55) comprising a third guide sleeve (551) and a third guide rod (552), the third guide sleeve (551) is fixedly connected to the bottom plate (61), the second guide rod (542) is slidably inserted in the second guide sleeve (541), and the upper end of the second guide rod (542) is fixedly connected to the mounting frame (51).

4. The environmental monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two lifting ears (14) are fixed to the top end of the shell (1).

5. The environmental monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A protective film (15) is installed in both the first opening (111) and the second opening (112).

6. The environmental monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A proximity switch (9) is mounted on the inner wall of the housing (1), and the proximity switch (9) corresponds one-to-one to the clamping push rod (712).

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