A fuel replenishing device for a magnetic confinement fusion device

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of controlled nuclear fusion technology, and specifically relates to a fuel replenishment device for a magnetic confinement fusion device, including a vacuum chamber A, a vacuum chamber B, a truncated cone-shaped gas diverter, an air jet valve, a magnetic field shield, a gas pipeline, a fusion fuel gas source and a control system; the present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the existing magnetic confinement fusion device fuel replenishment gas supply technology, that is, the low feeding efficiency caused by the diffusion characteristics of the gas during the gas supply and feeding process, and the fuel gas is adsorbed by the vessel wall in large quantities, affecting the recycling of the vessel wall. The device of the present invention strips off the fuel gas particles with low directional speed during the fuel gas replenishment process and those that have not yet reached the fusion device plasma and hit the vessel wall, and discharges them in time, thereby improving the feeding efficiency of the existing magnetic confinement fusion device and effectively reducing the impact of the feeding process on the recycling of the vessel wall of the magnetic confinement fusion device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of controlled nuclear fusion, and in particular relates to a fuel replenishing device for a magnetic confinement fusion device. Background Art

[0002] The mature fueling technology used for long-pulse quasi-steady-state operation of fusion reactors is a necessary condition for fusion reactors to achieve long-pulse discharge operation, and is also a key technology explored in the field of magnetic confinement fusion research. In the controlled fusion process, the replenishment of fusion fuel cannot be stopped for a moment during the operation of the reactor. At present, the ion temperature of the plasma of the fusion device has been heated to above 40kev, exceeding the requirement for the "ignition" temperature. In contrast, the density of the plasma has been increasing slowly, and the density of several leading fusion devices in the world is only close. The increase in the density of the plasma of the fusion device is limited by physical problems such as density limit. The singleness of the feeding method and the backwardness of the technology are also one of the important factors restricting the growth of plasma density. Among the existing supplementary feeding technologies, pulse gas supply and ultrasonic molecular beam injection are two commonly used technologies. For example, an ultrasonic molecular beam injection device given in the announcement number CN1941216A has a higher feeding efficiency than pulse gas supply, but as the size of the fusion device increases, the feeding efficiency of this ultrasonic molecular beam injection device will decrease accordingly. In addition, these two fueling technologies also have a common disadvantage: high-pressure fuel gas is ejected through the nozzle of the jet valve. During the process of gas moving toward the plasma, due to the diffusion characteristics of the gas, a large amount of fuel gas is adsorbed by the wall of the fusion device before entering the plasma. This not only affects the efficiency of fueling, but also causes the wall of the fusion device to recirculate and rise, resulting in the plasma discharge being terminated prematurely due to the recirculation and rise of the wall. The International Thermonuclear Fusion Reactor Expert Group pointed out in 1999 that the shaving layer (boundary layer) of the International Thermonuclear Fusion Reactor device is relatively thick and has a high temperature. Whether the pulse jet fueling can pass through the shaving layer and enter the plasma core is a problem, and new fuel replenishment technology needs to be developed. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a magnetic confinement fusion device fuel replenishment equipment in view of the above-mentioned defects in the prior art, so as to overcome the shortcomings of the existing magnetic confinement fusion device fuel replenishment gas supply technology, that is, the low feeding efficiency caused by the diffusion characteristics of the gas during the gas supply and feeding process, and the fuel gas is adsorbed by the vessel wall in large quantities, affecting the vessel wall recycling problem. The device of the present invention can strip off the fuel gas particles with low directional speed during the fuel gas replenishment process and those that have not yet reached the fusion device plasma and hit the vessel wall, and discharge them in time, thereby improving the existing magnetic confinement fusion device feeding efficiency and effectively reducing the impact of the feeding process on the magnetic confinement fusion device wall recycling.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A fuel replenishing device for a magnetic confinement fusion device, comprising a vacuum chamber A, a vacuum chamber B, a truncated cone-shaped gas diverter, an air jet valve, a magnetic field shield, a gas transmission pipeline, a fusion fuel gas source and a control system;

[0006] One end of the vacuum chamber A is connected to the vacuum chamber of the fusion device through a first flange, and the other end of the vacuum chamber A is connected to a truncated cone-shaped gas diverter; the left and right ends of the vacuum chamber B are respectively connected to the vacuum chamber A and the magnetic field shielding body, the lower end is connected to the exhaust unit through a second flange and an isolation valve, and a vacuum measuring instrument is provided at the upper end;

[0007] A jet valve is arranged on the right side of the vacuum chamber B4. The nozzle of the jet valve is directly opposite to the small hole at the top of the truncated cone-shaped gas diverter. The central axis of the jet valve is on the same axis as the central axis of the truncated cone-shaped gas diverter, and the jet valve is surrounded by a magnetic shielding body. The axis of the gas pipeline is on the same axis as the central axis of the jet valve. One end of the gas pipeline passes through the third flange and is connected to the jet valve, and the other end of the gas pipeline is connected to an external fusion fuel gas source.

[0008] A fuel replenishing device for a magnetic confinement fusion device, wherein the vacuum cavity A is connected to the vacuum chamber of the fusion device, the replenishing fuel gas is ejected from the nozzle of the jet valve, and the fuel particles with high directional velocity and good collimation enter the plasma of the fusion device through a truncated cone-shaped gas diverter, and the remaining fuel particles are stripped by the truncated cone-shaped gas diverter and discharged by a vacuum unit.

[0009] A fuel replenishing device for a magnetic confinement fusion device. The truncated cone-shaped gas diverter is a bottomless and coverless hollow barrel made of metal material, shaped like a handleless funnel. It is fixed in the vacuum chamber of the device by a clamp, dividing the entire vacuum chamber into two relatively independent spaces, vacuum chamber A and vacuum chamber B.

[0010] A fuel replenishing device for a magnetic confinement fusion device, wherein one end of the truncated cone bottom of the gas diverter opening is connected to a vacuum chamber A, and one end of the truncated cone top of the truncated cone gas diverter opening is suspended in a vacuum chamber B, facing the nozzle of an injection valve and being on the same axis as the nozzle of the injection valve. The vacuum chamber A and the vacuum chamber B form an airflow channel through the small hole at the top of the truncated cone gas diverter, allowing the fuel gas to pass through.

[0011] A fuel replenishing device for a magnetic confinement fusion device. The diameter of the small hole at one end of the top of the truncated cone of a truncated cone-shaped gas diverter is determined by the amount of fuel gas that needs to pass through, and ranges from 3mm to 50mm.

[0012] A fuel replenishing device for a magnetic confinement fusion device, wherein an air pumping unit is arranged on a fixing frame, and an exhaust pipe matching an exhaust port of the air pumping unit is arranged on the fixing frame.

[0013] A fuel replenishment device for a magnetic confinement fusion device, wherein the jet valve is a gas control valve for controlling the amount of fuel gas delivered and the duration of fuel gas delivery, the valve nozzle is directly opposite to the small hole of a truncated cone-shaped gas diverter and the two are on the same axis, and the distance from the jet valve nozzle to the small hole at the top of the truncated cone-shaped gas diverter is adjusted according to the required amount of gas passing through, and the adjustment range is between 2mm--50mm.

[0014] A fuel replenishing device for a magnetic confinement fusion device, wherein the magnetic field shielding body is a cylindrical barrel-shaped body made of a soft magnetic material with relatively large magnetic permeability, wherein an injection valve is placed, and only the valve nozzle is exposed to the outside.

[0015] A fuel replenishing device for a magnetic confinement fusion device, wherein the axis of a cylindrical barrel-shaped magnetic field shielding body is on the same axis as the nozzle of an air jet valve and a truncated cone-shaped gas diverter orifice.

[0016] A fuel replenishing device for a magnetic confinement fusion device, wherein the gas transmission pipeline is a pipeline made of stainless steel or other alloy materials installed in conjunction with a jet valve, and is connected to the valve using Swagelok or other pipe fittings that can carry high-pressure fusion fuel gas.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0018] The present invention sets a gas diverter in the direction of fuel gas movement before the jet valve nozzle, strips off gas particles with low directional speed and poor collimation in advance, and discharges them in real time through the vacuum unit, allowing only gas particles with high directional speed and good collimation to pass through and enter the main vacuum chamber of the fusion device, and the feeding efficiency can be improved by 20%-30%. Another significant effect is that the particles adsorbed by the vacuum chamber wall of the fusion device due to the diffusion of fuel gas during the feeding process are reduced, and the recirculation of the fusion device wall is reduced. By adjusting the size of the through hole at the top of the gas diverter, coordinating the distance from the valve nozzle to the top of the gas diverter and the back pressure of the jet valve, the feeding needs of fusion devices of different sizes can be met. By adjusting the back pressure of the injected gas and the injection time, a more uniform, micro-perturbative and controllable gas injection can be obtained for plasma performance research. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0020] In the figure: 1. jet valve, 2. truncated cone-shaped gas diverter, 3. vacuum chamber A, 4. vacuum chamber B, 5. magnetic field shielding body, 6. first flange, 7. vacuum unit, 8. second flange, 9. gas pipeline, 10. third flange, 11. isolation valve, 12. vacuum measuring instrument. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0022] A fuel replenishment device for a magnetic confinement fusion device, the main components of which include: a vacuum chamber A3, a vacuum chamber B4, a truncated cone-shaped gas diverter 2, an air jet valve 1, a magnetic field shield 5, a gas pipeline 9, a fusion fuel gas source and a control system. The vacuum chamber A3 is connected to the vacuum chamber of the fusion device, the replenishment fuel gas is ejected from the nozzle of the air jet valve 1, and the fuel particles with high directional velocity and good collimation enter the plasma of the fusion device through the truncated cone-shaped gas diverter 2, and the remaining fuel particles are stripped by the truncated cone-shaped gas diverter 2 and discharged by the exhaust unit 7.

[0023] The truncated cone-shaped gas diverter is a hollow barrel without a bottom or a cover made of metal material, shaped like a handleless funnel, and is fixed in the vacuum chamber of the device by a clamp, dividing the entire vacuum chamber into two relatively independent spaces, vacuum chamber A3 and vacuum chamber B4. One end (the bottom of the truncated cone) of the gas diverter opening is connected to the vacuum chamber A3, and the other end (the top of the truncated cone) of the truncated cone-shaped gas diverter 2 opening is suspended in the vacuum chamber B4, facing the nozzle of the jet valve 1, and on the same axis as the nozzle of the jet valve 1. The vacuum chamber A3 and the vacuum chamber B4 form an airflow channel through the small hole at the top of the truncated cone-shaped gas diverter 2, which allows the fuel gas to pass through. The diameter of the small hole at the top (top of the truncated cone) of the truncated cone-shaped gas diverter 2 is determined according to the amount of fuel gas that needs to pass through, generally between 3mm--50mm.

[0024] One end of the vacuum cavity A3 is connected to the vacuum chamber of the fusion device through the first flange 6, and the other end of the vacuum cavity A3 is connected to the truncated cone-shaped gas diverter 2; the left and right ends of the vacuum cavity B4 are respectively connected to the vacuum cavity A3 and the magnetic field shielding body 5, the lower end is connected to the vacuum unit 7 through the second flange 8 and the isolation valve, and a vacuum measuring instrument 12 is provided at the upper end.

[0025] The air extraction unit 7 is arranged on a fixed frame, and an exhaust pipe matching the exhaust port of the air extraction unit 7 is arranged on the fixed frame.

[0026] A jet valve 1 is arranged on the right side of the vacuum chamber B4. The nozzle of the jet valve 1 is directly opposite to the small hole at the top of the truncated cone-shaped gas diverter 2. The central axis of the jet valve 1 is on the same axis as the central axis of the truncated cone-shaped gas diverter 2. The jet valve 1 is surrounded by a magnetic shielding body 5. The axis of the gas pipeline 9 is on the same axis as the central axis of the jet valve 1. One end of the gas pipeline 9 passes through the third flange 10 and is connected to the jet valve, and the other end of the gas pipeline 9 is connected to an external fusion fuel gas source.

[0027] The truncated cone-shaped gas diverter is a gas diverter made of metal material.

[0028] The jet valve 1 is a gas control valve for controlling the amount of fuel gas delivered and the duration of fuel gas delivery. The valve nozzle is directly opposite to the small hole of the truncated cone-shaped gas diverter 2 and the two are on the same axis. The distance from the jet valve 1 nozzle to the small hole at the top of the truncated cone-shaped gas diverter 2 is adjusted according to the required amount of gas passing through, and the adjustment range is between 2mm--50mm.

[0029] The magnetic field shielding body 5 is a cylindrical barrel-shaped body made of a soft magnetic material with a large magnetic permeability. The jet valve 1 is placed therein, and only the valve nozzle is exposed to the outside, so as to shield the interference of the strong magnetic field of the magnetic confinement fusion device on the valve. The axis of the cylindrical barrel-shaped magnetic field shielding body 5 is on the same axis as the nozzle of the jet valve 1 and the small hole of the truncated cone-shaped gas diverter 2.

[0030] The gas delivery pipeline 9 is a pipeline made of stainless steel or other alloy materials installed in conjunction with the jet valve 1. It is connected to the valve using Swagelok or other pipe fittings that can carry high-pressure fusion fuel gas, and is connected to the gas supply source outside the third flange 10.

[0031] The control system is a conventional control system of the jet valve 1, including an industrial computer, a valve driver and control software, which can control the valve opening size and time.

[0032] The control line of the jet valve 1 is connected to the external computer control system through the vacuum interconnection device (airtight radiation-resistant circular connector) installed on the third flange 10 to control the opening and closing of the valve. The vacuum pump unit 7 is connected to the second flange 8 and is connected to the vacuum chamber B. An isolation valve 11 is provided in the middle. During the fuel replenishment process of the fusion device, the gas particles stripped by the truncated cone-shaped gas diverter 2 are discharged in real time to prevent these particles from being retained in the vacuum chamber. The vacuum measuring instrument 12 monitors the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber in real time.

[0033] Start a vacuum unit of a fuel replenishment device for a magnetic confinement fusion device, maintain the vacuum degree of the vacuum cavity at the same vacuum degree as the vacuum chamber of the fusion device, and open the isolation valve between the first flange 6 and the vacuum chamber of the fusion device. According to the density requirements of the plasma discharge of the fusion device, set the opening time of the jet valve 1 and the required fuel gas back pressure, and wait for the plasma discharge timing instruction of the fusion device. When the plasma discharge timing instruction arrives, send a control jet valve 1 driver opening instruction to drive the jet valve to open and replenish the fusion fuel. At the same time, the fuel gas stripped by the truncated cone-shaped gas diverter 2 is discharged in real time by the vacuum unit 7. When the plasma density reaches the preset value, close the jet valve 1, and the whole system enters the waiting state for the next jet valve 1 opening instruction.

Claims

1. A fuel replenishment device for a magnetic confinement fusion device, comprising a vacuum chamber A, a vacuum chamber B, a truncated cone-shaped gas diverter, an injection valve, a magnetic field shield, a gas transmission pipeline, a fusion fuel gas source and a control system; Features: One end of the vacuum chamber A is connected to the vacuum chamber of the fusion device through a first flange, and the other end of the vacuum chamber A is connected to a truncated cone-shaped gas diverter; the left and right ends of the vacuum chamber B are respectively connected to the vacuum chamber A and the magnetic field shielding body, the lower end is connected to the exhaust unit through a second flange and an isolation valve, and a vacuum measuring instrument is provided at the upper end; An air jet valve is arranged on the right side of the vacuum chamber B, the nozzle of the air jet valve is directly opposite to the small hole at the top of the truncated cone-shaped gas diverter, the central axis of the air jet valve is on the same axis as the central axis of the truncated cone-shaped gas diverter, and the air jet valve is surrounded by a magnetic shielding body; the axis of the gas pipeline is on the same axis as the central axis of the air jet valve, one end of the gas pipeline passes through the third flange and is connected to the air jet valve, and the other end of the gas pipeline is connected to an external fusion fuel gas source; The vacuum cavity A is connected to the vacuum chamber of the fusion device, and the supplementary fuel gas is ejected from the jet valve nozzle. Fuel particles with high directional speed and good collimation enter the plasma of the fusion device through the truncated cone-shaped gas diverter. The remaining fuel particles are stripped by the truncated cone-shaped gas diverter and discharged by the exhaust unit.

2. A fuel replenishing device for a magnetic confinement fusion device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The truncated cone-shaped gas diverter is a hollow barrel made of metal material, without a bottom or a cover, and is shaped like a handleless funnel. It is fixed in the vacuum chamber of the device by a clamp, dividing the entire vacuum chamber into two relatively independent spaces, vacuum chamber A and vacuum chamber B.

3. A fuel replenishing device for a magnetic confinement fusion device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: One end of the bottom of the truncated cone of the truncated cone gas diverter opening is connected to the vacuum chamber A, and one end of the top of the truncated cone of the truncated cone gas diverter opening is suspended in the vacuum chamber B, facing the nozzle of the jet valve, and is on the same axis as the nozzle of the jet valve. The vacuum chamber A and the vacuum chamber B form an air flow channel through the small hole at the top of the truncated cone gas diverter, allowing the fuel gas to pass through.

4. A fuel replenishing device for a magnetic confinement fusion device as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The diameter of the small hole at one end of the top of the cone of the truncated cone of the truncated cone gas diverter is determined by the amount of fuel gas that needs to pass through, and ranges from 3mm to 50mm.

5. A fuel replenishing device for a magnetic confinement fusion device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The air extraction unit is arranged on a fixing frame, and an exhaust pipe matching the exhaust port of the air extraction unit is arranged on the fixing frame.

6. A fuel replenishing device for a magnetic confinement fusion device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The jet valve is a gas control valve that controls the size of the fuel gas delivered and the duration of the fuel gas delivery. The valve nozzle is directly opposite to the small hole of the truncated cone-shaped gas diverter and the two are on the same axis. The distance from the jet valve nozzle to the small hole at the top of the truncated cone-shaped gas diverter is adjusted according to the required amount of gas passing through, and the adjustment range is between 2mm--50mm.

7. A fuel replenishing device for a magnetic confinement fusion device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic field shielding body is a cylindrical barrel-shaped body made of a soft magnetic material with high magnetic permeability, in which the jet valve is placed, with only the valve nozzle exposed to the outside.

8. A fuel replenishing device for a magnetic confinement fusion device as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The axis of the cylindrical barrel-shaped magnetic field shielding body is on the same axis as the nozzle of the jet valve and the small hole of the truncated cone-shaped gas diverter.

9. A fuel replenishing device for a magnetic confinement fusion device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The gas transmission pipeline is a pipeline made of stainless steel or other alloy materials installed in conjunction with the jet valve, and is connected to the valve using Swagelok or pipe fittings that can carry high-pressure fusion fuel gas.

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