A biochar preparation device

Abstract

A biochar preparation device includes a carbonization chamber, a sealed cover, a carbon chamber cover, a heat-conducting interlayer, a combustion chamber, a middle barrel, an outer barrel, a heat-insulating device, a built-in reaction fixing device, a regionalized isolation plate, an exhaust gas treatment system, and an outer barrel cover; the carbonization chamber, the middle barrel, and the outer barrel are sequentially arranged from the inside to the outside; the carbonization chamber and the middle barrel, and the middle barrel and the outer barrel are all detachable; the sealed cover is arranged on the top of the carbonization chamber; a hook is arranged on the edge of the carbon chamber cover, which is located at the opening of the carbonization chamber; the heat-insulating device is arranged on the outer wall of the outer barrel; the lower port of the built-in reaction fixing device is detachably inlaid with the carbonization chamber; the regionalized isolation plate is located at the upper port of the built-in reaction fixing device; the exhaust gas treatment system is detachably arranged above the regionalized isolation plate; and the outer barrel cover is located on the opening of the outer barrel. One aspect of the present invention can more effectively solve the problem of the biochar preparation device being too large by optimizing the carbonization chamber, the combustion chamber, and the heat-conducting layer to be arranged in a circle-in-circle distribution and to be detachable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of biochar manufacturing, and in particular to a biochar preparation device. Background Art

[0002] Biochar is a type of charcoal used as a soil conditioner that has the functions of fixing nitrogen, fixing water, and absorbing heavy metal ions. Biochar can be produced under high temperature and low oxygen conditions at 300-600℃ and has important applications in agriculture.

[0003] However, on the other hand, hundreds of millions of tons of waste are generated in the production process of many industries and after the harvest of crops in rural areas, causing serious waste of resources and environmental pollution; what can be overlooked is that many of these wastes are rich in cellulose, protein, and even carbohydrates. For example, the production process of medicinal materials directly produces about 75 million tons of non-medicinal parts each year. In addition, the leftovers from the processing of medicinal materials and herbal pieces contain a large amount of cellulose, protein, lipids and various other trace elements, which is a recyclable biomass resource.

[0004] At present, the biochar production device mainly adopts the method of electric energy conduction heating. Although electric energy heating can accurately control the temperature and easily meet the biochar reaction conditions, this type of device consumes a lot of energy, has a complex structure, is difficult to replace internal parts, and has certain safety hazards. In addition, the current biochar device is mainly used in laboratories or large charcoal-making companies, and there are basically no small and precise charcoal-making devices suitable for individual farmers. In traditional combustion-type biochar preparation furnaces, the combustion chamber and the charring area are mixed with each other, resulting in low raw material carbonization efficiency and high ash formation ratio, resulting in waste of raw materials for biochar preparation.

[0005] It is not difficult to see that the existing technology still has certain defects. Summary of the invention

[0006] One aspect of the present invention solves the technical problem that the biochar preparation device is too large. By optimizing the carbonization chamber, the combustion chamber, and the heat-conducting layer to be distributed in a circle within a circle, and making the main components of the device detachable, the problem of the biochar preparation device being too large can be solved more effectively.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A biochar preparation device, comprising a carbonization chamber, a sealed cover, a carbon chamber cover, a heat-conducting interlayer, a combustion chamber, a middle barrel, an outer barrel, a heat-insulating device, a built-in reaction fixing device, a regional isolation plate, an exhaust gas treatment system, and an outer barrel cover; the carbonization chamber, the middle barrel, and the outer barrel are all in the shape of a cylinder, and are arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside; the carbonization chamber and the middle barrel, and the middle barrel and the outer barrel are all detachable mortise and tenon inlay structures; an air inlet hole is provided at the bottom of the carbonization chamber; the sealed cover is provided at the top of the carbonization chamber; a hook is provided at the edge of the carbon chamber cover, which is located at the opening of the carbonization chamber; the heat-conducting interlayer is connected by the carbonization chamber and the middle barrel The outer barrel body and the middle barrel body are formed by a space, and a heat-conducting medium is arranged inside the space; the combustion chamber is formed by the space formed by the outer barrel body and the middle barrel body; the heat-insulating device is arranged on the outer wall of the outer barrel body; the built-in reaction fixture is a truncated cone with unclosed upper and lower end faces, and its lower port is detachably embedded in the carbonization chamber; the regionalized isolation plate is located at the upper port of the built-in reaction fixture; the exhaust gas treatment system is detachably arranged above the regionalized isolation plate; the outer barrel cover is located on the opening of the outer barrel body, and the built-in reaction fixture, the regionalized isolation plate, the heat-insulating device and the exhaust gas treatment system device are all located in the internal space of the outer barrel cover.

[0009] Furthermore, the thermal insulation device is an aerogel thermal insulation layer.

[0010] Furthermore, the heat-conducting medium filled in the heat-conducting interlayer is sand.

[0011] Furthermore, the bottom of the carbonization chamber is provided with an array of air inlet holes.

[0012] Furthermore, the array air inlet holes are a plurality of small circular holes distributed in circular rays.

[0013] Furthermore, the exhaust gas treatment system includes an exhaust gas system shell, and a first-layer physical dust removal device, a second-layer chemical dust removal device and a third-layer physical dust removal device which are sequentially arranged in the shell from bottom to top.

[0014] Furthermore, the regionalized isolation plate is set for one-way ventilation.

[0015] Furthermore, the inner surface of the carbon chamber cover is a concave curved surface.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes a plurality of universal wheels arranged at the bottom of the outer barrel.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes a handle arranged on the outer barrel cover.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0019] 1. High charcoal making efficiency;

[0020] 2. The thermal insulation layer has good effect, energy saving and safety;

[0021] 3. Simplify the production process and shorten the cycle;

[0022] 4. Simple structure, high reliability and easy maintenance;

[0023] 5. Low cost and easy to popularize to the public;

[0024] 6. The body layout is compact, which can save space resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a biochar preparation device disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a top view of the structure of the carbon chamber cover;

[0028] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the carbonization chamber array air inlet holes.

[0029] Description of reference numerals:

[0030] 1. Outer barrel cover; 2. Exhaust gas treatment system; 3. Third-layer physical dust removal device;

[0031] 4. Second-layer chemical dust removal device; 5. First-layer physical dust removal device;

[0032] 6. Regional isolation plate; 7. Built-in reaction fixture; 8. Carbon chamber cover;

[0033] 9. Thermal conductive interlayer; 10. Aerogel thermal insulation layer; 11. Universal wheel;

[0034] 12. Carbonization chamber; 13. Combustion chamber; 14. Outer barrel;

[0035] 21. Hook;

[0036] 31. Air intake hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in combination with the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0039] Example

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, a biochar preparation device provided by the invention includes a carbonization chamber 12, a sealed cover, a carbon chamber cover 8, a heat-conducting interlayer 9, a combustion chamber 13, a middle barrel body, an outer barrel body 14, a heat insulation device, a built-in reaction fixing device 7, a regional isolation plate 6, an exhaust gas treatment system 2, and an outer barrel cover 1.

[0041] The carbonization chamber 12, the middle barrel body, and the outer barrel body 14 are all cylindrical and are arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside; the carbonization chamber 12 and the middle barrel body, the middle barrel body and the outer barrel body 14 are all detachable mortise and tenon structures inlaid with each other; thus forming a cylindrical distribution in a circle.

[0042] The carbonization chamber 12 adopts a closed inner cylindrical structure. Through the closed cover arranged on the top of the carbonization chamber 12, and the built-in reaction fixing device 7, the carbon chamber cover 8 and the carbonization chamber 12 are embedded, a closed low-oxygen space is formed to the greatest extent, thereby improving the carbonization efficiency of the device. A discharge port is provided at the bottom of the closed cover. When discharge is required, the carbon chamber cover 8 is first removed, the carbonization chamber 12 is taken out, and then the closed cover is removed to pour the product out from the discharge port.

[0043] The built-in reaction fixture 7 is a truncated table with unsealed upper and lower end surfaces, and its lower end is detachably mounted with the carbonization chamber 12 .

[0044] like Figure 2 As shown, as a preferred solution, six thick steel wire hooks 21 are welded on the outer edge of the carbon chamber cover 8 and located at the opening of the carbonization chamber 12, so that the carbon chamber cover 8 is firmly hung on the carbonization chamber 12, thereby fixing the carbonization chamber 12.

[0045] like Figure 3 As shown, the bottom of the carbonization chamber 12 is provided with an array of air inlet holes 31. Preferably, the array of air inlet holes 31 is a plurality of small circular holes distributed in circular rays. In this embodiment, the bottom diameter of the carbonization chamber 12 is 40CM, and the diameter of the air inlet holes 31 is 1CM.

[0046] The inner surface of the carbon chamber cover 8 is a concave curved surface, which is beneficial to the centralized treatment of flue gas.

[0047] The heat-conducting interlayer 9 is formed by the space formed by the carbonization chamber 12 and the middle barrel body, and a heat-conducting medium is arranged inside the heat-conducting interlayer 9; preferably, the heat-conducting medium filled in the heat-conducting interlayer 9 is sand. A hook is welded on the outer edge of the middle barrel body to hang the heat-conducting interlayer 9 in the barrel, which is convenient for taking out and adding biomass. Since rapid high-temperature decomposition can only obtain 20% biochar, 20% syngas and 60% bio-oil, and slow high-temperature decomposition can produce 50% charcoal and a small amount of oil, and the sand has a large specific heat capacity, it can control and stabilize the heat conduction speed of the combustion chamber 13 to a certain extent, achieve the conditions of slow pyrolysis of the carbonization chamber 12, and can effectively slow down the heat conduction rate and greatly improve the carbonization rate; after the sand in the heat-conducting layer is heated into high-temperature sand, the sand can still make the temperature in the pyrolysis zone reach the temperature required for carbonization (400-600°C) when heated, and the biomass is heated by the high-temperature sand to keep the temperature of the carbonization chamber 12 and the combustion chamber 13 balanced. On the other hand, sand is easy to obtain, which can reduce costs and is in line with the living and working characteristics of farmers. When in use, the heat-conducting interlayer 9 and the carbonization chamber 12 are assembled, the biomass raw materials are added to the internal reaction barrel; the combustibles are placed in the combustion chamber 13; the sand is added to the heat-conducting interlayer 9 and directly sealed.

[0048] The combustion chamber 13 is formed by the space formed by the outer barrel body 14 and the middle barrel body; an oxygen input port is provided at the bottom of the combustion chamber 13, that is, a circular hole with a diameter of 1 cm, which radiates outward from the central hole to form two holes on both sides, distributed in a ring shape, so as to facilitate the input of oxygen so that the combustion chamber 13 is fully mixed with it and completely burned.

[0049] The regionalized isolation plate 6 is located at the upper port of the built-in reaction fixing device 7; the regionalized isolation plate 6 adopts a one-way ventilation design, and as a module, the carbonization chamber 12 and the exhaust gas treatment device are interlocked with each other, so as to realize the sealing of the carbonization chamber 12 and the regionalization of carbonization, and the gas produced during the carbonization reaction of the carbonization chamber 12 is introduced into the exhaust gas treatment.

[0050] The tail gas treatment system 2 is detachably arranged above the regional isolation plate 6; the tail gas treatment system 2 includes a tail gas system shell, and a first-layer physical dust removal device 5, a second-layer chemical dust removal device 4, and a third-layer physical dust removal device 3 arranged in the shell from bottom to top. The vent of the tail gas treatment system 2 is inlaid with the built-in reaction fixing device 7 and the carbonization chamber 12 through the regional isolation plate 6, and the tail gas treatment system is connected to the outer barrel 14 in a plate buckle manner and fixed for smokeless treatment to achieve environmental protection and emission reduction. In this embodiment, the system shell is in the shape of a hat, and the first-layer physical dust removal device 5, the second-layer chemical dust removal device 4, and the third-layer physical dust removal device 3 are located inside the hat. Since the main pollutants produced in the carbon making process are nitrogen, sulfur oxides, glycerin, benzene and other pollutants, a large amount of inhalable suspended particulate matter and carbon dioxide will also be released, so physical and chemical treatment methods are required. As a preferred embodiment, this embodiment adopts a three-layer filtration method for removal. The first-layer physical dust removal device 5 is a large-aperture filter with an aperture range of 0.1mm-1.0mm, which is a physical mechanical dust removal device; the second-layer chemical dust removal device 4, the main components of the chemical reaction are a mixture of quicklime and activated carbon molecular sieves, which remove a large amount of nitrogen and sulfur oxides, and place an alkaline solution through a three-necked flask, mainly absorbing carbon dioxide and residual nitrogen and sulfur oxides. The third-layer physical dust removal device 3 is a 0.03mm-0.05mm caliber filter as the final gas filtration, which is an electrostatic dust removal device; thereby achieving smokeless treatment of the reaction of this device. Due to the lack of exhaust gas treatment equipment, the process has an impact on the environment.

[0051] The heat insulation device is arranged on the outer wall of the outer barrel body 14. Preferably, in the present embodiment, the heat insulation device is an aerogel heat insulation layer 10. The aerogel heat insulation layer 10 adopts a new Al2O3-SiO2 composite aerogel, which has a specific surface area of ​​123.9m2 / g, a density of 0.25g / cm3, and a thermal conductivity of 0.029W·m-1·K-1. It has an extremely low thermal conductivity, ultra-high hydrophobicity, a fireproof grade of Class A, and a heat treatment temperature of more than 1000°C. The aerogel heat insulation layer 10 is flame retardant and heat-insulating. The nano-micropores inhibit the conduction of heat by gas molecules and prevent the heat loss of the combustion chamber 13, which is beneficial to slow down the carbonization process of biochar and prolong the carbonization time, thereby improving the carbonization quality of biochar; it can also reduce fuel use, improve the input-output ratio of biochar preparation, and increase preparation benefits. In addition, the aerogel insulation layer 10 has a good thermal insulation effect. The aerogel material reduces the thermal conductivity of the air in the pores by reducing the pore diameter. The average diameter is only 50-60nm, while the average free path of air molecules is about 70nm. Therefore, in a small space, it is difficult for air to flow, thereby inhibiting the convective heat conduction of the air. In addition, since a large number of tiny pores in the aerogel can be regarded as reflection surfaces and refraction surfaces of radiation, the radiation heat conduction is well blocked. Therefore, placing the gel barrier in the outermost layer of the device furnace can prevent heat loss while avoiding safety hazards such as burns. Compared with the device that uses electrical energy to produce biochar, although accurate temperature control can be achieved, during the charcoal production process, the external temperature of the device is as high as 200-300°C, which not only increases the energy consumption of the device, but also has certain dangers.

[0052] The outer barrel cover 1 is located on the opening of the outer barrel body 14, and covers the built-in reaction fixing device 7, the regional isolation plate 6, the heat insulation device and the exhaust gas treatment system 2 in its inner space.

[0053] In order to avoid direct contact between the device and the ground, thereby protecting the integrity of the bottom of the device and increasing the service life of the device, a number of universal wheels 11 are arranged at the bottom of the outer barrel body 14. Furthermore, a handle is provided on the outer barrel cover 1. The two constitute a portable mobile module mainly composed of mobile iron rollers and handles. A detachable interlocking design is adopted, which can be quickly assembled as needed, making it convenient for the furnace body to be transported, stored and moved in the field.

[0054] The biochar preparation furnace adopts a modular design as a whole. Each part can be disassembled, maintained and replaced separately, which reduces the long-term maintenance cost and is conducive to mass production.

[0055] The present invention greatly simplifies the production process of traditional fertilizers. It adopts the method of device + biomass resources to reduce the complex chemical treatment of traditional fertilizers. It only needs to place the biomass resources in the device for carbonization reaction and then take them out. The production cycle of the whole process is shortened by nearly 50%, effectively reducing the production cost. The raw materials are non-medicinal parts of a large number of crops including medicinal materials, with low cost and wide supply of raw materials.

[0056] Working steps:

[0057] (1) The crushed biomass is placed in a carbonization chamber for carbonization treatment, and then the carbonization chamber is sealed.

[0058] (2) At the same time, combustible materials are placed in the combustion chamber, and then the combustion chamber is ignited to heat the carbonization chamber.

[0059] (3) The biomass is pyrolyzed in the carbonization chamber at normal pressure and temperature of 500-600 degrees.

[0060] (4) At this time, the heat in the combustion zone is gradually transferred to the carbonization chamber through the heat-conducting interlayer, and the aerogel insulation layer effectively prevents the loss of heat energy and reduces energy consumption.

[0061] (5) The gas generated in the combustion chamber is discharged from the flue gas outlet of the exhaust gas treatment device.

[0062] (6) After 2 hours, the pyrolysis is completed, the device temperature is cooled to room temperature, and the product is taken out from the discharge port at the upper end of the carbonization chamber.

[0063] The above embodiment only expresses one implementation mode of the present invention, and its description is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the patent of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be based on the attached claims.

Claims

1. A biochar preparation device, comprising a carbonization chamber (12), a sealed cover, a carbon chamber cover (8), a heat conductive interlayer (9), a combustion chamber (13), a middle barrel, an outer barrel (14), a heat insulating device, a built-in reaction fixing device (7), a regional isolation plate (6), an exhaust gas treatment system (2), and an outer barrel cover (1), characterized in that: The carbonization chamber (12), the middle barrel body, and the outer barrel body (14) are all cylindrical and are arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside; the carbonization chamber (12) and the middle barrel body, and the middle barrel body and the outer barrel body (14) are all detachable mortise and tenon inlay structures; The bottom of the carbonization chamber (12) is provided with an air inlet hole (31); The sealed cover is arranged on the top of the carbonization chamber (12); The edge of the carbon chamber cover (8) is provided with a hook located at the opening of the carbonization chamber (12); The heat-conducting interlayer (9) is formed by the space formed by the carbonization chamber (12) and the middle barrel body, and a heat-conducting medium is provided inside the interlayer; The combustion chamber (13) is formed by a space formed by the outer barrel (14) and the middle barrel. A plurality of oxygen inlets are provided at the bottom of the combustion chamber (13). The plurality of oxygen inlets are distributed outwardly from the center of the bottom of the outer barrel (14). The heat insulation device is arranged on the outer wall of the outer barrel (14); The built-in reaction fixing device (7) is a truncated cone with unsealed upper and lower end surfaces, and its lower end is detachably embedded in the carbonization chamber (13); The regionalized isolation plate (6) is located at the upper port of the built-in reaction fixing device (7); The exhaust gas treatment system (2) is detachably arranged above the regionalized isolation plate (6), and the regionalized isolation plate (6) is arranged for one-way ventilation; The outer barrel cover (1) is located on the opening of the outer barrel body (1), and the built-in reaction fixing device (7), the regional isolation plate (6) and the exhaust gas treatment system device (2) are all located in the inner space of the outer barrel cover (1); The heat insulation device is covered by the outer barrel cover (1).

2. The biochar preparation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermal insulation device is an aerogel thermal insulation layer (10).

3. The biochar preparation device according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that: The heat-conducting medium filled in the heat-conducting interlayer is sand.

4. The biochar preparation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the carbonization chamber is provided with an array of air inlet holes.

5. The biochar preparation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The array air inlet holes are a plurality of small circular holes distributed in circular rays.

6. The biochar preparation device according to any one of claims 1, 2 or 5, characterized in that: The exhaust gas treatment system comprises an exhaust gas system shell, and a first-layer physical dust removal device, a second-layer chemical dust removal device and a third-layer physical dust removal device which are sequentially arranged in the shell from bottom to top.

7. The biochar preparation device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The inner surface of the carbon chamber cover is a concave curved surface.

8. The biochar preparation device according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes a plurality of universal wheels arranged at the bottom of the outer barrel.

9. The biochar preparation device according to claim 8, characterized in that: Also included is a handle arranged on the outer barrel cover.

Images