A dual-speed hub motor for small agricultural machinery and its working method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a dual-speed wheel hub motor for small agricultural machinery and a working method thereof, comprising a wheel hub, a power mechanism, a main shaft, a primary reduction mechanism, and a secondary reduction mechanism. The primary reduction mechanism comprises a primary central gear, a plurality of primary planetary gears, a primary gear ring, and a primary planetary carrier in transmission cooperation. The primary central gear is transmission-coordinated with the power mechanism, the primary gear ring is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the wheel hub, and the wheel hub is driven to rotate by the primary gear ring. The secondary reduction mechanism comprises a secondary central gear, a plurality of secondary planetary gears, a secondary gear ring, and a secondary planetary carrier in transmission cooperation. The secondary gear ring is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the wheel hub, the front end of the main shaft extends out of the wheel hub, the middle part of the main shaft is fixedly connected to the middle part of the secondary planetary carrier, the center of the primary planetary carrier is rotationally coordinated with the main shaft via a bearing, and the primary planetary carrier is transmission-coordinated with the secondary central gear via a clutch device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery and equipment, in particular to a dual-speed hub motor for a small agricultural machine and a working method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Small agricultural machinery is small in size and compact in structure. It is not equipped with special reduction gearbox and transmission mechanism like ordinary machinery. It generally uses two wheel hub motors. When working in the field, the walking distance is small, a few kilometers per hour, but sufficient torque is needed for tillage or sowing, so low speed and high torque are required. When walking on the road, a certain driving speed is required. Because of the miniaturization of farming machinery, the diameter of the wheel hub motor is limited. The output torque of ordinary wheel hub motor is limited, and the output characteristics are very poor at low speed, the efficiency is very low, and the tire diameter cannot be large, which cannot meet the requirements of agricultural machinery for motors. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a dual-speed hub motor for small agricultural machinery with simple structure, stable operation and different speed capabilities and a working method thereof.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a small agricultural machinery dual-speed wheel hub motor, including a wheel hub, a power mechanism, a main shaft, a primary reduction mechanism, and a secondary reduction mechanism.

[0005] The primary reduction mechanism includes a primary sun gear, a plurality of primary planetary gears, a primary gear ring, and a primary planet carrier. The primary sun gear is in transmission cooperation with the power mechanism. The primary gear ring is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the wheel hub, and the wheel hub is driven to rotate by the primary gear ring.

[0006] The secondary reduction mechanism includes a secondary central gear, a plurality of secondary planetary gears, a secondary ring gear, and a secondary planetary carrier. The secondary ring gear is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the wheel hub.

[0007] The front end of the main shaft extends out of the hub, the middle part of the main shaft is fixedly connected to the middle part of the secondary planetary carrier, the center of the primary planetary carrier rotates with the main shaft via the bearing, and the primary planetary carrier and the secondary central gear are transmission-coordinated via a clutch device, so that when the clutch device between the primary planetary carrier and the secondary central gear is in a linkage state, the power mechanism drives the hub to rotate after being decelerated by the primary reduction mechanism and the secondary reduction mechanism; when the clutch device between the primary planetary carrier and the secondary central gear is in a separated state, the power mechanism drives the hub to rotate after being decelerated by the primary reduction mechanism, and the hub drives the secondary gear ring, the secondary planetary gear, and the secondary central gear to idle.

[0008] Further, the clutch device includes a clutch seat, a movable armature, and an armature column. One side of the clutch seat is fixedly connected to the primary planetary carrier, and the other side of the clutch seat is axially protruding with a plurality of clutch transmission teeth, each of which is evenly distributed on the same circumference. The secondary central gear includes an integrally formed gear plate and a gear sleeve, one side of the gear plate is axially protruding with a plurality of secondary transmission teeth, each of which is evenly distributed on the same circumference so that a transmission groove that matches the clutch transmission teeth is formed between two adjacent secondary transmission teeth. A movable armature is fixedly provided on the edge of the gear plate, and a plurality of guide columns are provided on the movable armature. A countersunk hole matching the guide column is provided on the primary planetary carrier, and a return spring sleeved with the guide column is provided in the countersunk hole. A plurality of armature columns are axially protruding on the secondary planetary carrier, each armature column is placed between the gaps between adjacent secondary planetary wheels, and the end of each armature column extends out of two The end face of the primary planetary gear is arranged with a gap between it and the moving armature, and an electromagnet is arranged in each armature column. When the electromagnet is powered off, the moving armature is tightly attached to the primary planet carrier under the action of the reset spring, so that the clutch transmission teeth on the clutch seat are wedged with the transmission groove on the gear plate, and the primary planet carrier cooperates with the secondary center gear through the clutch seat. The primary planet carrier is used as the input of the secondary reduction mechanism, and the secondary ring gear is used as the output end of the secondary reduction mechanism to drive the hub to rotate, and the secondary planet carrier drives the main shaft to rotate to achieve secondary reduction; when the electromagnet is energized, it generates magnetism to absorb the moving armature and move along the axial direction of the main shaft, the reset spring is compressed, and the moving armature drives the secondary center gear to move so that the clutch transmission teeth on the clutch seat are disengaged from the transmission groove on the gear plate, the moving armature is adsorbed and fixed to the armature column, the secondary center gear is disengaged from the secondary planetary gear, the primary ring gear drives the hub to rotate, and the hub drives the secondary center gear and the secondary planetary gear to rotate idly.

[0009] Furthermore, the power mechanism includes a stator assembly consisting of a stator coil, a stator bracket, and a stator core, the stator bracket is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the wheel hub, the power mechanism also includes a rotor assembly consisting of a rotor magnetic ring and a rotor bracket, the primary center gear is fixedly connected to the rotor bracket, the rotor assembly cooperates with the stator assembly so that the stator core can drive the rotor bracket to rotate after being energized, and the rotor bracket drives the primary center gear to rotate.

[0010] Furthermore, three primary planetary gears are arranged between the primary ring gear and the primary center gear, and the two sides of each primary planetary gear are respectively meshed with the primary ring gear and the primary center gear, and the center of each primary planetary gear is rollingly connected to the planet column on the primary planet carrier via a bearing, and the primary planet carrier and the main shaft are matched via a bearing transmission.

[0011] Furthermore, three secondary planetary gears are arranged between the secondary ring gear and the secondary center gear, and the two sides of each secondary planetary gear are respectively meshed with the secondary ring gear and the secondary center gear, and the center of each secondary planetary gear is rollingly connected to the planetary column on the secondary planetary carrier via a bearing, and the center of the secondary planetary carrier is tightly and fixedly connected to the main shaft.

[0012] Furthermore, the dual-speed hub motor for small agricultural machinery also includes a front cover and a rear cover. The centers of the stator bracket and the rotor bracket are provided with through holes suitable for the main shaft to pass through, so that the tail end of the main shaft can rotate with the center of the rear end cover via the rear end cover bearing, and the front end of the main shaft can pass through the front end cover and rotate with the center of the front end cover via the front end cover bearing.

[0013] The working method of the above-mentioned dual-speed hub motor for small agricultural machinery comprises the following steps:

[0014] A. High-speed driving state on the road: the stator coil and the electromagnet are energized, the armature column generates magnetism to attract the movable armature to move along the main shaft axially, the reset spring is compressed, the movable armature drives the secondary sun gear to move so that the clutch transmission teeth on the clutch seat are disengaged from the transmission groove on the gear plate, the movable armature is adsorbed and fixed to the armature column, the secondary sun gear is disengaged from the primary planet carrier, the rotor assembly drives the primary sun gear to rotate, the primary sun gear drives the primary planetary gear to rotate, the primary planetary gear drives the primary ring gear and the wheel hub to rotate, the secondary ring gear rotates synchronously with the wheel hub, and the secondary ring gear drives the secondary planetary gear and the secondary sun gear to rotate synchronously;

[0015] B. Low-speed operation state in the field: the stator coil is energized, the electromagnet is de-energized, the movable armature is pressed against the primary planetary carrier under the action of the reset spring, the clutch transmission teeth on the clutch seat are wedged with the transmission grooves on the gear plate, and the secondary center gear is meshed with the secondary planetary gear. The stator assembly drives the rotor assembly to rotate, and the rotor assembly drives the primary center gear to rotate. The primary center gear drives the primary planetary gear, the primary planetary carrier, and the clutch seat to rotate. The primary planetary carrier drives the secondary center gear to rotate via the clutch seat. The secondary center gear drives the secondary planetary gear to rotate. The secondary planetary gear drives the secondary ring gear. The secondary ring gear is used as the output end of the secondary reduction mechanism to drive the wheel hub to rotate, thereby realizing secondary reduction.

[0016] The technical effects of the invention are as follows: (1) Compared with the prior art, the dual-speed wheel hub motor for small agricultural machinery of the present invention is provided with an armature column and an electromagnet on the secondary planetary carrier, so that after the electromagnet is energized, the clutch seat and the movable armature can be directly adsorbed onto the secondary planetary carrier, and no power input is provided to the secondary central gear. Moreover, the primary planetary carrier is no longer rotated by the movable armature guide column, and the wheel hub is directly reduced in one level by the primary planetary gear and the primary ring gear, so as to meet the requirements of small agricultural machinery running at high speed on the road. After the electromagnet loses power, the movable armature and the clutch seat are directly fitted with the armature column of the secondary planetary carrier, and the secondary central gear is wedged with the clutch seat. The primary planetary carrier inputs power to the secondary central gear, and the power of the power mechanism is transmitted to the secondary ring gear through the two-stage reduction mechanism, so as to drive the wheel hub to rotate at a low speed, so as to meet the requirements of field operation of small agricultural machinery. (2) The bearing is arranged between the main shaft and the primary planetary carrier to avoid the interference of the primary planetary carrier with the main shaft when idling. (3) The clutch seat and the movable armature are provided with a reset elastic force by the guide column, the countersunk hole and the reset spring, so as to have a simple structure and be easy to implement. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0018] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a dual-speed hub motor for a small agricultural machine of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a dual-speed hub motor for a small agricultural machine of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the internal structure of a two-speed hub motor for a small agricultural machine;

[0021] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the primary sun gear, the primary planetary gear, and the primary planetary carrier;

[0022] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the secondary planet carrier;

[0023] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the secondary planet carrier;

[0024] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the clutch seat;

[0025] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the clutch seat;

[0026] Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the secondary sun gear;

[0027] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the secondary center gear.

[0028] In the figure:

[0029] Wheel hub 1, rotor magnetic ring 2, rotor bracket 3, stator coil 4, stator bracket 5, stator core 6, primary central gear 7, primary planetary gear 8, primary planetary carrier 9, primary ring gear 10, secondary central gear 11, secondary planetary gear 12, secondary planetary carrier 13, secondary ring gear 14, clutch seat 15, movable armature 16, armature column 17, electromagnet 18, planetary column 19, guide column 20, rear end cover 21, front end cover 22, return spring 23, rear end cover bearing 24, front end cover bearing 25, bearing 26, main shaft mounting square hole 27, planetary column mounting hole 28, connecting pin 29, main shaft 30, clutch seat center hole 34, clutch transmission tooth 35, clutch seat mounting hole 36, gear sleeve 37, gear plate 38, secondary meshing tooth 39, main shaft assembly hole 40, secondary transmission tooth 41, transmission groove 42. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Example

[0030] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the dual-speed hub motor for small agricultural machinery in this embodiment includes a hub 1, a power mechanism, a main shaft 30, a primary reduction mechanism, a secondary reduction mechanism, a clutch device, a front cover 22, and a rear cover 21. The two ends of the hub 1 are fixedly connected to the front cover 22 and the rear cover 21 by screws; the power mechanism includes a stator assembly consisting of a stator coil 4, a stator bracket 5, and a stator core 6. The stator bracket 5 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the hub 1. The power mechanism also includes a rotor assembly consisting of a rotor magnetic ring 2 and a rotor bracket 3. The power mechanism is placed at the tail of the hub 1.

[0031] The primary reduction mechanism includes a primary sun gear 7, three primary planetary gears 8, a primary ring gear 10, and a primary planet carrier 9. The primary ring gear 10 is fixedly arranged in the wheel hub 1, and the three primary planetary gears 8 are arranged between the primary ring gear 10 and the primary sun gear 7. The two sides of each primary planetary gear 8 are respectively meshed with the primary ring gear 10 and the primary sun gear 7. A planet column assembly hole and a bearing are arranged in the center of each primary planetary gear 8. One end of the planet column 19 is rotatably matched with the bearing, and the other end of the planet column 19 is fixedly connected to the primary planet carrier 9. The gear ratio of the primary sun gear 7, the primary planetary gear 8, and the primary ring gear 10 is 19:35:89, so that the speed ratio of the primary reduction mechanism is 4.68. Its distribution structure is as follows: Figure 4 shown.

[0032] The clutch device includes a clutch seat 15, a movable armature 16, and an armature column 17. One side of the clutch seat 15 is fixedly connected to the primary planet carrier 9 by screws. Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, a clutch seat center hole 34 suitable for the main shaft 30 to pass through is set at the center of the clutch seat 15, and six clutch seat mounting holes 36 arranged on the same circumference are set at the edge of the clutch seat 15, so that the clutch seat 15 is fixedly connected to the primary planetary carrier 9 through six screws, and a plurality of clutch transmission teeth 35 are axially protruding on the other side of the clutch seat 15, and each clutch transmission tooth 35 is evenly distributed on the same circumference.

[0033] The secondary reduction mechanism includes a secondary central gear 11, three secondary planetary gears 12, a secondary ring gear 14, and a secondary planet carrier 13. The secondary ring gear 14 is fixedly arranged in the wheel hub 1, and the three secondary planetary gears 12 are arranged between the secondary ring gear 14 and the secondary central gear 11. The two sides of each secondary planetary gear 12 are respectively meshed with the secondary ring gear 14 and the secondary central gear 11. A planet column assembly hole and a bearing are arranged in the center of each secondary planetary gear 12. One end of the planet column 19 is rotatably matched with the bearing. A planet column mounting hole 28 is arranged on the secondary planet carrier 13, and the other end of the planet column 19 is fixedly arranged in the planet column mounting hole 28 so that the planet column 19 is fixedly connected to the secondary planet carrier 13. The gear number ratio of the secondary central gear 11, the secondary planetary gear 12, and the secondary ring gear 14 is 19:35:89, so that the speed ratio of the secondary reduction mechanism is 4.68.

[0034] like Fig. 9 and Fig.10 As shown, the secondary central gear 11 includes an integrally formed gear plate 38 and a gear sleeve 37, the gear sleeve 37 is provided with secondary meshing teeth 39 adapted to the secondary planetary gear 12, the center of the gear sleeve 37 and the gear plate 38 is provided with a main shaft assembly hole 40 suitable for the main shaft 30 to pass through, a plurality of secondary transmission teeth 41 are axially protrudingly provided on one side of the gear plate 38, each secondary transmission tooth 41 is evenly distributed on the same circumference so that a transmission groove 42 adapted to the clutch transmission tooth 35 is formed between two adjacent secondary transmission teeth 41, and an annular movable armature is fixedly provided on the edge of the gear plate 38 16, the movable armature 16 and the gear plate 38 are fixed by 6 screws, and 3 guide columns 20 are arranged on the movable armature 16, and 3 countersunk holes matched with the guide columns 20 are arranged on the first-stage planetary carrier 9, and a return spring 23 sleeved with the guide column 20 is arranged in the countersunk hole. One end of each guide column 20 is fixedly connected with the movable armature 16, and the other end of the guide column 20 is inserted into the countersunk hole and sleeved with the return spring 23. The return spring 23 limits the guide column 20, so that the guide column 20 can move axially in the countersunk hole, and the return spring 23 drives the guide column 20 to reset.

[0035] The main shaft 30 passes through the center of the secondary planet carrier 13, the gear plate 38, the gear sleeve 37, the clutch seat 15, and the primary planet carrier 9. The stator bracket 5 and the rotor bracket 3 are provided with through holes suitable for the main shaft 30 to pass through, so that the tail end of the main shaft 30 can rotate with the center of the rear end cover 21 through the rear end cover bearing 24, and the front end of the main shaft 30 can rotate with the center of the front end cover 22 through the front end cover bearing 25; a bearing 26 is provided between the primary planet carrier 9 and the main shaft 30, such as Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, a main shaft mounting square hole 27 is provided at the center of the secondary planet carrier 13, and three armature columns 17 are provided on the secondary planet carrier 13 along the axial direction. Each armature column 17 is placed between the gaps of two adjacent secondary planetary gears 12. The front end of each armature column 17 is fixedly connected to the secondary planet carrier 13 through a connecting pin 29, and the tail end of each armature column 17 extends out of the end surface of the secondary planetary gear 12 and leaves a gap between the movable armature 16. An electromagnet 18 is provided in each armature column 17. When the electromagnet 18 is powered off, the movable armature 16 is tightly attached to the primary planet carrier 9 under the action of the reset spring 23, so that the clutch transmission teeth 35 on the clutch seat 15 are wedge-engaged with the transmission groove 42 on the gear plate 38, and the primary planet carrier 9 is matched with the secondary central gear 11 through the clutch seat 15, and the wheel is driven by the primary ring gear 10. The hub 1 is driven by the primary planetary carrier 9 as the input of the secondary reduction mechanism, and the secondary ring gear 14 is driven by the output end of the secondary reduction mechanism to drive the hub 1 to rotate, and the secondary planetary carrier 12 drives the main shaft 30 to rotate, thereby realizing the secondary reduction. When the electromagnet 18 is energized, it generates magnetism to attract the movable armature 16 to move along the axial direction of the main shaft 30, and the reset spring 23 is compressed, and the movable armature 16 drives the secondary central gear 11 to move so that the clutch transmission teeth 35 on the clutch seat 15 are disengaged from the transmission groove 42 on the gear plate 38. The movable armature 16 is adsorbed and fixed by the armature column 17, and the secondary central gear 11 is disengaged from the secondary planetary gear 12. The hub 1 is driven by the primary ring gear 10 to rotate, and the secondary ring gear 14 rotates synchronously with the hub 1, driving the secondary planetary gear 12 and the secondary central gear 11 to idle, thereby realizing the primary reduction. Example

[0036] The working method of the above-mentioned dual-speed hub motor for small agricultural machinery comprises the following steps:

[0037] A. High-speed driving state on the road: the stator coil 4 and the electromagnet 18 are energized, the armature column 17 generates magnetism to attract the movable armature 16 to move axially along the main shaft 30, the reset spring 23 is compressed, the movable armature 16 drives the secondary sun gear 11 to move so that the clutch transmission teeth 35 on the clutch seat 15 are disengaged from the transmission groove 42 on the gear plate 38, the movable armature 16 is adsorbed and fixed to the armature column 17, the secondary sun gear 11 is disengaged from the secondary planetary gear 12, and after the stator coil 4 is energized, the stator assembly drives the rotor assembly to rotate, the rotor assembly drives the primary sun gear 7 to rotate, the primary sun gear 7 drives the primary planetary gear 8, the primary planetary carrier 9, and the clutch seat 15 to rotate, the primary planetary gear 8 drives the primary ring gear 10 and the wheel hub 1 to rotate, the wheel hub 1 drives the secondary ring gear 14 to rotate, and the secondary ring gear 14 drives the secondary planetary gear 12 and the secondary sun gear 11 to idle;

[0038] B. Low-speed field operation state: the stator coil 4 is energized, the electromagnet 18 is de-energized, the movable armature 16 is pressed against the primary planet carrier 9 under the action of the reset spring 23, the clutch transmission teeth 35 on the clutch seat 15 are wedged with the transmission groove 42 on the gear plate 38, and the secondary center gear 11 is meshed with the secondary planetary gear 12. After the stator coil 4 is energized, the stator assembly drives the rotor assembly to rotate, the rotor assembly drives the primary center gear 7 to rotate, the primary center gear 7 drives the primary planetary gear 8, the primary planet carrier 9, and the clutch seat 15 to rotate, the primary planet carrier 9 drives the secondary center gear 11 to rotate via the clutch seat 15, the secondary center gear 11 drives the secondary planetary gear 12 and the secondary planet carrier 13 to rotate, the secondary planetary gear 12 is adapted to the secondary ring gear 14, and the secondary ring gear 14 is used as the output end of the secondary reduction mechanism to drive the hub 1 to rotate, thereby realizing secondary reduction.

[0039] When the two-speed hub motor for small agricultural machinery is in high-speed driving state on the road, the output speed of the hub 1 is 4.68 of the speed of the rotor bracket 3. When the two-speed hub motor for small agricultural machinery is in low-speed operation state in the field, the output speed of the hub 1 is 21.9 of the speed of the rotor bracket 3.

[0040] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for clearly explaining the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. However, these obvious changes or modifications derived from the spirit of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dual-speed hub motor for small agricultural machinery, characterized in that: It includes a wheel hub, a power mechanism, a main shaft, a primary reduction mechanism, and a secondary reduction mechanism, wherein the power mechanism is placed at the rear of the wheel hub; The primary reduction mechanism comprises a primary sun gear, a plurality of primary planetary gears, a primary gear ring, and a primary planet carrier, the primary sun gear is in transmission cooperation with the power mechanism, the primary gear ring is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the wheel hub, and the wheel hub is driven to rotate by the primary gear ring; The secondary reduction mechanism comprises a secondary central gear, a plurality of secondary planetary gears, a secondary ring gear, and a secondary planet carrier, and the secondary ring gear is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the wheel hub; The front end of the main shaft extends out of the wheel hub, the middle part of the main shaft is fixedly connected to the middle part of the secondary planet carrier, the center of the primary planet carrier rotates with the main shaft via the bearing, and the primary planet carrier and the secondary sun gear are driven and matched via the clutch device, so that when the clutch device between the primary planet carrier and the secondary sun gear is in a linkage state, the power mechanism drives the wheel hub and the main shaft to rotate after being decelerated by the primary reduction mechanism and the secondary reduction mechanism, and when the clutch device between the primary planet carrier and the secondary sun gear is in a disengaged state, the power mechanism drives the wheel hub to rotate after being decelerated by the primary reduction mechanism, and the wheel hub drives the secondary gear ring, the secondary planetary gear, and the secondary sun gear to idle; The clutch device includes a clutch seat, a movable armature, and an armature column. One side of the clutch seat is fixedly connected to the primary planet carrier, and a plurality of clutch transmission teeth are axially protruding on the other side of the clutch seat, and each clutch transmission tooth is evenly distributed on the same circumference. The secondary central gear includes an integrally formed gear plate and a gear sleeve. One side of the gear plate is axially protruding on a plurality of secondary transmission teeth, and each secondary transmission tooth is evenly distributed on the same circumference so that a transmission groove matched with the clutch transmission teeth is formed between two adjacent secondary transmission teeth. A movable armature is fixedly provided on the edge of the gear plate, and a plurality of guide columns are provided on the movable armature. A countersunk hole matched with the guide column is provided on the primary planet carrier, and a return spring sleeved with the guide column is provided in the countersunk hole. A plurality of armature columns are axially protruding on the secondary planetary carrier, each armature column is placed between gaps between adjacent secondary planetary wheels, an end of each armature column extends out of the end face of the secondary planetary wheel and a gap is left between the movable armature, an electromagnet is arranged in each armature column, and when the electromagnet is powered off, the movable armature is tightly attached to the primary planetary carrier under the action of a reset spring, so that the clutch transmission teeth on the clutch seat are wedged with the transmission groove on the gear plate; when the electromagnet is powered on, magnetism is generated to attract the movable armature to move along the axial direction of the main shaft, the reset spring is compressed, the movable armature drives the secondary central gear to move so that the clutch transmission teeth on the clutch seat are disengaged from the transmission groove on the gear plate, the movable armature is adsorbed and fixed to the armature column, the secondary central gear is disengaged from the secondary planetary wheel, and the wheel hub is driven to rotate by the primary gear ring.

2. The dual-speed hub motor for small agricultural machinery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power mechanism includes a stator assembly consisting of a stator coil, a stator bracket, and a stator core. The stator bracket is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the wheel hub. The power mechanism also includes a rotor assembly consisting of a rotor magnetic ring and a rotor bracket. The primary center gear is fixedly connected to the rotor bracket. The rotor assembly cooperates with the stator assembly so that the stator core can drive the rotor bracket to rotate after being energized, and the rotor bracket drives the primary center gear to rotate.

3. The dual-speed hub motor for small agricultural machinery according to claim 2, characterized in that: Three primary planetary gears are arranged between the primary gear ring and the primary central gear. The two sides of each primary planetary gear are respectively meshed with the primary gear ring and the primary central gear. The center of each primary planetary gear is rollingly connected to the planet column on the primary planet carrier via a bearing. The primary planet carrier is matched with the main shaft via a bearing transmission.

4. The dual-speed hub motor for small agricultural machinery according to claim 3, characterized in that: Three secondary planetary gears are arranged between the secondary ring gear and the secondary central gear. The two sides of each secondary planetary gear are respectively meshed with the secondary ring gear and the secondary central gear. The center of each secondary planetary gear is rollingly connected to the planetary column on the secondary planetary carrier via a bearing, and the center of the secondary planetary carrier is tightly and fixedly connected to the main shaft.

5. The dual-speed hub motor for small agricultural machinery according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a front end cover and a rear end cover. The centers of the stator bracket and the rotor bracket are provided with through holes suitable for the main shaft to pass through, so that the tail end of the main shaft can rotate with the center of the rear end cover through the rear end cover bearing, and the front end of the main shaft can pass through the front end cover and rotate with the center of the front end cover through the front end cover bearing.

6. A working method of a dual-speed hub motor for a small agricultural machine, characterized in that: The dual-speed wheel hub motor comprises a wheel hub, a power mechanism, a main shaft, a primary reduction mechanism, and a secondary reduction mechanism. The primary reduction mechanism includes a primary sun gear, a plurality of primary planetary gears, a primary gear ring, and a primary planet carrier. The primary sun gear is in transmission cooperation with the power mechanism. The primary gear ring is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the wheel hub, and the wheel hub is driven to rotate by the primary gear ring. The secondary reduction mechanism includes a secondary central gear, a plurality of secondary planetary gears, a secondary ring gear, and a secondary planetary carrier. The secondary ring gear is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the wheel hub. The front end of the main shaft extends out of the wheel hub, the middle part of the main shaft is fixedly connected to the middle part of the secondary planet carrier, the center of the primary planet carrier rotates with the main shaft via the bearing, and the primary planet carrier and the secondary sun gear are driven and matched via the clutch device, so that when the clutch device between the primary planet carrier and the secondary sun gear is in a linkage state, the power mechanism drives the wheel hub and the main shaft to rotate after being decelerated by the primary reduction mechanism and the secondary reduction mechanism, and when the clutch device between the primary planet carrier and the secondary sun gear is in a disengaged state, the power mechanism drives the wheel hub to rotate after being decelerated by the primary reduction mechanism, and the wheel hub drives the secondary gear ring, the secondary planetary gear, and the secondary sun gear to idle; The working method comprises the following steps: A. High-speed driving state on the road: the stator coil and the electromagnet are energized, the armature column generates magnetism to attract the movable armature to move along the main shaft axially, the reset spring is compressed, the movable armature drives the secondary sun gear to move so that the clutch transmission teeth on the clutch seat are disengaged from the transmission groove on the gear plate, the movable armature is adsorbed and fixed to the armature column, the secondary sun gear is disengaged from the primary planet carrier, the rotor assembly drives the primary sun gear to rotate, the primary sun gear drives the primary planetary gear to rotate, the primary planetary gear drives the primary ring gear and the wheel hub to rotate, the secondary ring gear rotates synchronously with the wheel hub, and the secondary ring gear drives the secondary planetary gear and the secondary sun gear to rotate synchronously; B. Low-speed operation state in the field: the stator coil is energized, the electromagnet is de-energized, the movable armature is tightly attached to the primary planetary carrier under the action of the reset spring, the clutch transmission teeth on the clutch seat are wedged with the transmission grooves on the gear plate, and the secondary center gear is meshed with the secondary planetary gear. The stator assembly drives the rotor assembly to rotate, and the rotor assembly drives the primary center gear to rotate. The primary center gear drives the primary planetary gear, the primary planetary carrier, and the clutch seat to rotate. The primary planetary carrier drives the secondary center gear to rotate through the clutch seat, and the secondary center gear drives the secondary planetary gear to rotate. The secondary planetary carrier is tightly combined with the main shaft and does not rotate. The secondary planetary gear drives the secondary ring gear, and the secondary ring gear is used as the output end of the secondary reduction mechanism to drive the wheel hub to rotate, thereby realizing secondary reduction.

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